Article(id=1295064833112699172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202508008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754150400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-03, revisedDate=1758470400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-22, acceptedDate=1758729600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-25, onlineDate=1786697117355, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697117355, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697117355, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697117355, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295064706872528996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697087257, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698896936, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072297266733103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072297266733104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=180, endPage=192, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064833716678949, articleId=1295064833112699172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Coordinated dispatch optimization of multi-type energy storage systems using MILP and NSGA-II algorithms, columnId=1295064776644776409, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Multi-type energy storage-assisted peak and frequency regulation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

To address the demand for flexibility and economy in power grids with high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a coordinated dispatch optimization model and scheduling strategy for multi-type energy storage systems considering peak-valley electricity prices and renewable energy fluctuations.

[Methods]

Based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), a dual-objective optimization dispatch model is constructed, aiming to minimize system costs and maximize renewable energy utilization rate. The model is validated using typical daily load and wind-solar power output data from different seasons in Hebei region to evaluate its economic performance and renewable energy accommodation effectiveness.

[Results]

The results show that the model demonstrates good robustness and can adapt to fluctuations in wind-solar power and load. The optimal energy storage output is 3 000 MW in spring and 2 000 MW in summer, autumn, and winter. The renewable energy utilization rate remains above 85% in all seasons, and the total system cost is controlled at around 15 000 yuan.

[Conclusion]

By integrating multi-season scenarios, multi-type energy storage, and multi-objective optimization, this study achieves coordinated improvement in both economic performance and renewable energy accommodation, effectively enhancing grid flexibility and reducing the curtailment rate of wind and photovoltaic power.

, authors=Chunxian FENG1, Wenxue WANG1, Yifeng WANG1, Feifei ZHANG1, Long YUAN1, Zhihao FAN2, Heng CHEN2, authorsList=Chunxian FENG, Wenxue WANG, Yifeng WANG, Feifei ZHANG, Long YUAN, Zhihao FAN, Heng CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Heng CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064838150058306, articleId=1295064833112699172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ的多类型储能协同调度优化, columnId=1295064778645459420, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=多类型储能辅助调峰调频技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

为应对高比例新能源接入电网对灵活性与经济性的需求,提出一种面向峰谷电价与新能源波动的多类型储能协同调度优化模型及调度策略。

【方法】

基于混合整数线性规划算法(MILP)与非支配排序多目标遗传算法(NSGA-II),构建以系统总成本最低和新能源消纳率最高为双目标的优化调度模型,并通过河北地区不同季节典型日的负荷与风光出力数据验证模型的经济性与消纳效果。

【结果】

结果表明:该模型具有较好的鲁棒性,能够适应风光与负荷波动;春季最佳储能出力为3 000 MW,夏季、秋季、冬季均为2 000 MW,各季节特征日风光消纳率均保持在85%以上,系统总成本控制在15 000元水平。

【结论】

研究通过融合多季节场景、多类型储能及多目标优化,实现了经济性与新能源消纳水平的协同提升,有效增强了电网灵活性并降低了弃风弃光率。

, authors=冯春贤1, 王文学1, 王一峰1, 张飞飞1, 袁龙1, 范志昊2, 陈衡2, authorsList=冯春贤, 王文学, 王一峰, 张飞飞, 袁龙, 范志昊, 陈衡, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈衡, authorNote=

冯春贤(1984),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为新能源开发与利用,

, correspAuthorsNote=
陈衡(1989),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多类型源储协同,
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Research on the multi-scheme optimal operation of the pumped storage wind-solar-thermal combined power generation system based on rational abandonment of energy[J]. 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Distributionally robust optimization for integrated energy distribution network considering vine Copula uncertainty of wind power, photovoltaic and demand side response[J]. 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Research on two-layer optimization method for low-carbon and economic operation of integrated energy system with multiple types of energy storage[J]. 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Research on time-of-use pricing and optimization of electricity trading settlement-design of electricity pricing mechanism based on high proportion new energy power system[J]. 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An optimal strategy for energy storage allocation in active distribution networks considering new energy consumption rates[J]. 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An energy storage configuration method for new energy power stationsuitable for consumption and active support scenarios[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2024, 42(8): 1104-1110., articleTitle=An energy storage configuration method for new energy power stationsuitable for consumption and active support scenarios, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064855665471949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=9, pageStart=4796, pageEnd=4806, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=48, authorNames=王杰, 苗世洪, 王廷涛, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王杰,苗世洪,王廷涛,. 基于近端策略优化算法的电力系统多类型储能爬坡功率分配策略[J]. 高电压技术202551(9):4796-4806., articleTitle=基于近端策略优化算法的电力系统多类型储能爬坡功率分配策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064855736775118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=51, issue=9, pageStart=4796, pageEnd=4806, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=49, authorNames=WANG Jie, MIAO Shihong, WANG Tingtao, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Jie, MIAO Shihong, WANG Tingtao, et al. Ramping power allocation strategy for multi-type energy storage in power system based on proximal policy optimization[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2025, 51(9): 4796-4806., articleTitle=Ramping power allocation strategy for multi-type energy storage in power system based on proximal policy optimization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064855820661199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=50, authorNames=胥德玉, 黄媛, 唐志远, journalName=电力建设, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胥德玉,黄媛,唐志远,. 面向配电网分布式光伏消纳和可靠性提高的构网型储能优化配置[J]. 电力建设202647(1):1-14., articleTitle=面向配电网分布式光伏消纳和可靠性提高的构网型储能优化配置, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064855908741584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2026, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=51, authorNames=XU Deyu, HUANG Yuan, TANG Zhiyuan, journalName=Electric Power Construction, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Deyu, HUANG Yuan, TANG Zhiyuan, et al. Research on grid-forming energy storage configuration for distributed photovoltaic consumption and reliability improvement of distribution network[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2026, 47(1): 1-14, articleTitle=Research on grid-forming energy storage configuration for distributed photovoltaic consumption and reliability improvement of distribution network, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1295064848417714585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, awardId=kj2024-059, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Project of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Limited(kj2024-059), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295064848484823450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, awardId=kj2024-059, language=CN, fundingSource=国网河北省电力有限公司科技项目(kj2024-059), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1295064848560320923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, awardId=null, language=EN, fundingSource=Research on Multi-timescale Operational Scheduling Strategies for Multiple Types 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064847780180369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, language=CN, label=图14, caption=优化储能出力后春分日多类型储能优化调度结果, figureFileSmall=wa2A81FaUPeYF/LSJTidYQ==, figureFileBig=z793pUL0JSM23ZL90Hw4FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064847901815187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064833112699172, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of multi-type energy storage systems

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储能类型年限/a储能功率单位投资成本/(元·MW–1储能容量单位投资成本/(元·(MW·h)–1储能运行维护费用系数
抽水蓄能305 500531.762.5
压缩空气307 100312.82.0
热储能605 388531.762.0
电化学储能153 831.83 651.940.5
氢储能208 00028.934.0
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不同类型储能系统参数

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储能类型年限/a储能功率单位投资成本/(元·MW–1储能容量单位投资成本/(元·(MW·h)–1储能运行维护费用系数
抽水蓄能305 500531.762.5
压缩空气307 100312.82.0
热储能605 388531.762.0
电化学储能153 831.83 651.940.5
氢储能208 00028.934.0
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Purchase electricity prices during valley, flat, and peak periods of characteristic days in Hebei

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类别时段从电网购电价格/(元·(MW·h)–1
08:00—11:00,19:00—24:00745
00:00—02:00,12:00—14:00,17:00—19:00457
02:00—08:00,15:00—17:00215
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河北地区特征日平谷峰时段购电价格

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类别时段从电网购电价格/(元·(MW·h)–1
08:00—11:00,19:00—24:00745
00:00—02:00,12:00—14:00,17:00—19:00457
02:00—08:00,15:00—17:00215
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Optimization results of multiple types of energy storage in different scenarios

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特征日多类型储能总出力/MW消纳率储能系统成本/元消纳负荷/MW
春分日2 0000.801 17815 213.1879 910.681
春分日2 0000.861 17815 192.55310 428.438
夏至日2 0000.945 76515 259.8879 810.671
秋分日2 0000.882 87415 194.02410 594.790
冬至日2 0000.924 71515 233.55510 476.757
春分日3 0000.885 32515 204.18714 236.444
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不同场景下多类型储能优化调度结果

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特征日多类型储能总出力/MW消纳率储能系统成本/元消纳负荷/MW
春分日2 0000.801 17815 213.1879 910.681
春分日2 0000.861 17815 192.55310 428.438
夏至日2 0000.945 76515 259.8879 810.671
秋分日2 0000.882 87415 194.02410 594.790
冬至日2 0000.924 71515 233.55510 476.757
春分日3 0000.885 32515 204.18714 236.444
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基于MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ的多类型储能协同调度优化
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冯春贤 1 , 王文学 1 , 王一峰 1 , 张飞飞 1 , 袁龙 1 , 范志昊 2 , 陈衡 2
热力发电 | 多类型储能辅助调峰调频技术 2026,55(2): 180-192
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热力发电 |多类型储能辅助调峰调频技术 2026 , 55 (2) : 180 -192
基于MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ的多类型储能协同调度优化
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冯春贤1 , 王文学1, 王一峰1, 张飞飞1, 袁龙1, 范志昊2, 陈衡2
作者信息
  • 1.国网河北省电力有限公司,石家庄 050081
  • 2.华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京 102206
通讯作者:
陈衡(1989),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多类型源储协同,
作者简介:

冯春贤(1984),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为新能源开发与利用,

Coordinated dispatch optimization of multi-type energy storage systems using MILP and NSGA-II algorithms
Chunxian FENG1 , Wenxue WANG1, Yifeng WANG1, Feifei ZHANG1, Long YUAN1, Zhihao FAN2, Heng CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050081, China
  • 2.School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508008
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【目的】

为应对高比例新能源接入电网对灵活性与经济性的需求,提出一种面向峰谷电价与新能源波动的多类型储能协同调度优化模型及调度策略。

【方法】

基于混合整数线性规划算法(MILP)与非支配排序多目标遗传算法(NSGA-II),构建以系统总成本最低和新能源消纳率最高为双目标的优化调度模型,并通过河北地区不同季节典型日的负荷与风光出力数据验证模型的经济性与消纳效果。

【结果】

结果表明:该模型具有较好的鲁棒性,能够适应风光与负荷波动;春季最佳储能出力为3 000 MW,夏季、秋季、冬季均为2 000 MW,各季节特征日风光消纳率均保持在85%以上,系统总成本控制在15 000元水平。

【结论】

研究通过融合多季节场景、多类型储能及多目标优化,实现了经济性与新能源消纳水平的协同提升,有效增强了电网灵活性并降低了弃风弃光率。

多类型储能  /  优化调度  /  MILP算法  /  NSGA-Ⅱ算法  /  新能源消纳
[Objective]

To address the demand for flexibility and economy in power grids with high penetration of renewable energy, this paper proposes a coordinated dispatch optimization model and scheduling strategy for multi-type energy storage systems considering peak-valley electricity prices and renewable energy fluctuations.

[Methods]

Based on mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), a dual-objective optimization dispatch model is constructed, aiming to minimize system costs and maximize renewable energy utilization rate. The model is validated using typical daily load and wind-solar power output data from different seasons in Hebei region to evaluate its economic performance and renewable energy accommodation effectiveness.

[Results]

The results show that the model demonstrates good robustness and can adapt to fluctuations in wind-solar power and load. The optimal energy storage output is 3 000 MW in spring and 2 000 MW in summer, autumn, and winter. The renewable energy utilization rate remains above 85% in all seasons, and the total system cost is controlled at around 15 000 yuan.

[Conclusion]

By integrating multi-season scenarios, multi-type energy storage, and multi-objective optimization, this study achieves coordinated improvement in both economic performance and renewable energy accommodation, effectively enhancing grid flexibility and reducing the curtailment rate of wind and photovoltaic power.

multi-type energy storage  /  optimal scheduling  /  MILP algorithm  /  NSGA-II algorithm  /  renewable energy power consumption
冯春贤, 王文学, 王一峰, 张飞飞, 袁龙, 范志昊, 陈衡. 基于MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ的多类型储能协同调度优化. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (2) : 180 -192 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508008
Chunxian FENG, Wenxue WANG, Yifeng WANG, Feifei ZHANG, Long YUAN, Zhihao FAN, Heng CHEN. Coordinated dispatch optimization of multi-type energy storage systems using MILP and NSGA-II algorithms[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (2) : 180 -192 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508008
“双碳”目标下[1-4],可再生能源渗透率提升,而新能源具有随机波动性和反调峰特性,风光电大发时段,常规电源因最小技术出力限制无法进一步下调,导致新能源消纳受阻。在新型电力系统下,随着可再生能源的日益普及和电力需求的持续增长,储能系统不仅能够有效平衡电网供需,而且能在不同时间尺度上优化能量流的流动,从而提升整个电力系统的调节能力。储能技术的发展和应用将成为推动电力系统向更加高效、灵活和环保方向演进的重要驱动力,是支撑新能源最大化消纳和保障电力可靠供应的重要技术手段[5-8]
当前,基于多类型电源参与电力系统调峰的研究已经取得了一些成果[9-13]。文献[14]建立了风-光-储能的综合调度优化模型,以系统总能耗最小和全寿命范围内碳排放最少为优化目标,利用基于精英化策略快速无劣排序遗传算法(NSGA-II)获得最优产能分配方案。文献[15]构建了不同弃风弃光量下水-风-光-抽蓄机组组成的互补发电系统,构造目标函数为最大可接入风光容量、最小弃风弃光量、最大源荷匹配程度,以及最大特征日售电收益。文献[16]构建了一种考虑经济-环保-稳定多目标协同的风光火储联合优化模型,当抽水蓄能电站被整合进联合系统后结果较好。文献[17]构建了基于藤Copula-KL-DRO模型概率分布模型和分布鲁棒优化方法,能有效处理多能源系统不确定性,平衡经济性与可靠性,显著提升新能源消纳能力并降低碳排放的联合调度。
上述文献主要针对多场景储能调峰时的经济性和可靠性进行研究,其潜在的协同调度收益尚未被充分发掘。文献[18]建立了储能参与低碳灵活调峰的双层模型,上层模型以多类型储能系统的经济性最优为目标,下层模型以综合能源系统的低碳经济性最优为目标,模型可以协调多类型储能与综合能源系统的运行,平衡经济性与低碳需求,提升系统能效。文献[19]建立了抽水蓄能、电池储能和电动汽车(EV)储能参与系统调峰的模型在4种典型情景下的电网调峰收益优化模型。
综上,现有研究主要集中在单个或少量的储能参与调度,或者单个应用场合下多个类型的储能设备,所以需要建立多类型储能多场景优化调度模型,以弥补现有研究场景单一、技术耦合性不足的缺陷。NSGA-II作为传统遗传算法,在多目标约束问题的应用中已历经多次实践检验,具备一定的稳定性,但其仍存在如Pareto解集分布不均匀、多样性较差等问题。对此,本文采用MILP和NSGA-II算法对电力系统不同机组出力进行调度优化,利用NSGA-II算法进行多目标规划,求解储能出力Pareto前沿,再采用MILP算法进行目标经济调度。NSGA-II算法旨在找到一个Pareto最优前沿,MILP算法最终目标为找到满足所有整数要求的最优解。MILP算法可以保障硬约束与离散决策最优性,NSGA-II算法可以实现多目标高效探索,保证计算的灵活性和准确性;有效划分了搜索空间,将计算复杂度从指数级降至多项式级,计算速度得到提升;MILP-NSGA-II混合算法可以提供清晰的Pareto前沿而非单一解,揭示目标间深层权衡关系,提升搜索效率和质量。
以河北地区的风-光-储系统为研究对象,通过预测区域内风力发电、光伏发电的出力特征和区域负荷,采用MILP和NSGA-II算法对电力系统不同机组出力进行调度优化,基于MILP-NSGA-II算法,通过调度优化计算模型迭代计算求解得到的Pareto解集,再利用MILP算法对Pareto解集进行经济调度,最终得到最优储能调度运行方案。
建立电力系统的风-光-储联合优化调度模型,该模型利用风光发电与储能系统的联合出力满足系统负荷需求。通过配置不同类型的储能设备,系统可在不同场景下实现有效调峰:在负荷低谷时段,储能机组储存电能,助力消纳风光出力;在负荷高峰时段,储能机组释放电能,支撑电网运行以满足高峰负荷,保证不同类型储能出力可以满足调峰需求。实时监测各储能系统的荷电状态(SOC)、功率能力以及电网负荷和可再生能源出力预测、电价信号等。
采用抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、热储能、电化学储能和氢储能5种机组构成风-光-储联合优化模型,将5种储能系统组合成1个综合系统,充分发挥各自优势:抽水蓄能和压缩空气储能处理可预测的大负荷调节;熔盐储能可24 h连续发电,也可用于吸收低谷时的廉价电力;电化学储能可以处理可再生能源的秒级和分钟级波动;氢储能在可再生能源极度过剩且其他储能机组处于SOC约束极限时启用制氢和放电,弥补单一技术的不足,形成互补性强、适应范围广、经济高效的能源解决方案。表1为不同类型储能系统参数。
1)风电机组运行工况模型
PWT,t={0Vt<Vin,Vt<VoutPWT,nomVt3Vin3Vnom3Vin3VinVt<VnomPWT,nomVnomVtVout
式中:Vin为风电机组切入风速,m/s;Vout为风电机组切出风速,m/s;Vnom为额定风速,m/s;PWT,nom为风电机组额定功率,MW;PWT,tt时刻的风电机组出力,MW。
2)光伏机组运行工况模型
{PPT,t=ηAk(10.005(t0+25))η=W1000A×100%
式中:η为光伏组件将接收到的太阳能转化为电能的能力,%;A为光伏组件面积,m2k为接收太阳辐射强度,W/m2t0为光伏组件的温度,℃;W为光伏装机容量,MW;PWT,tt时刻的光电机组出力,MW。
3)抽水蓄能机组运行工况模型
{γPS,g,k,tPPS,g,k,minPPS,g,k,tγPS,g,k,tPPS,g,k,maxγPS,p,k,tPPS,p,k,minPPS,p,k,tγPS,p,k,tPPS,p,k,maxγPS,g,k,t+γPS,p,k,t1
式中:γPS,p,ktγPS,g,kt分别表示抽水蓄能机组kt时刻的抽水、放电工况的二元变量;PPS,p,k,maxPPS,p,k,min分别为抽水工况时抽水蓄能机组k的功率上限和下限;PPS,g,k,maxPPS,g,k,min分别为抽水蓄能机组k的最大放电出力上限和下限,MW;PPS,p,ktPPS,g,kt分别为t时刻抽水蓄能机组k的抽水功率和发电功率,MW。
4)电池储能机组运行工况模型
{γBS,ch,i,tPBS,ch,i,minPBS,ch,i,tγBS,ch,i,tPBS,ch,i,maxγBS,dis,i,tPBS,dis,i,minPBS,dis,i,tγBS,dis,i,tPBS,dis,i,maxγBS,ch,i,t+γBS,dis,i,t1
式中:γBS,ch,itγBS,dis,it分别为储能电池it时段充电和放电状态的二元变量;PBS,ch,i,maxPBS,ch,i,min分别为储能电池i充电功率的最大值和最小值,MW;PBS,dis,i,maxPBS,dis,i,min分别为储能电池i放电功率的最大值和最小值,MW;PBS,ch,itPBS,dis,it分别为在t时段储能电池i的充、放电功率,MW。电池储能(BS)与氢储能(HES)的模型结构类似且建模方法类似,因此对二者进行同一化建模,不再对氢储能单独建模。
5)熔盐储能运行工况模型
{γTS,ch,m,tPTS,ch,m,minPTS,ch,m,tγTS,ch,m,tPTS,ch,m,maxγTS,dis,m,tPBS,dis,m,minPTS,dis,m,tγTS,dis,m,tPTS,dis,m,maxγTS,ch,m,t+γTS,dis,m,t1
式中:γTS,ch,m,tγTS,dis,m,t分别为在t时段熔盐储能系统m充电和放电状态的二元变量;PTS,ch,mtPTS,dis,mtt时刻熔盐储能系统m充放电功率,MW;PTS,ch,m,maxPTS,ch,m,min分别为熔盐储能系统m充电功率的最大值和最小值,MW;PTS,dis,m,maxPTS,dis,m,min分别为熔盐储能系统m放电功率的最大值和最小值,MW。
6)压缩空气储能运行工况模型
{γCAES,ch,n,tPCAES,ch,n,minPCAES,ch,n,tγCAES,ch,n,tPCAES,ch,n,maxγCAES,dis,n,tPCAES,dis,n,minPCAES,dis,n,tγCAES,dis,n,tPCAES,dis,n,maxγCAES,ch,n,t+γCAES,dis,n,t1
式中:γCAES,ch,ntγCAES,dis,nt分别为压缩空气储能系统nt时段充电和放电状态的二元变量;PCAES,ch,ntPCAES,dis,nt分别为t时刻压缩空气储能系统n的充放电功率,MW;PCAES,ch,n,maxPCAES,ch,n,min分别为压缩空气储能系统n的充电功率的最大值和最小值,MW;PCAES,dis,n,maxPCAES,dis,n,min分别为压缩空气储能系统n的放电功率的最大值和最小值,MW。
7)不同类型储能SOC特征模型
电化学储能:
SSOC=QremainQrated×100%
式中:Qremain为剩余电量,MW·h;Qrated为额定容量,MW·h。
抽水储能:
SSOC=HHmax×100%
式中:H为水库水位,m;Hmax为最高水位,m。
压缩空气储能:
SSOC=PactPrat×100%
式中:Pact为储气室压力,Pa;Prat为额定压力,Pa。
熔盐储能:
SSOC=MactMtot×100%
式中:Mact为熔盐储量,t;Mtot为总储量,t。
氢储能:
SSOC=PH,actPH,rat×100%
式中:PH,act为储氢管压力,Pa;PH,rat为额定压力,Pa。
通过SOC约束条件对储能机组进行调控,并基于对未来可再生能源出力和负荷需求的预测,在每个控制周期内求解一个有限时间域内的优化问题,给出各储能装置的最优功率指令。
电力系统实现了电能到多种中间载体(化学能、势能、压力能、热能)再到电能的转换。虽然每次转换都有能量损失(效率问题),但通过在不同时间尺度上选择最优路径,从系统整体看,实现了对随机性、波动性新能源能量的最有效利用。
以风电机组、光伏机组和储能机组的出力为决策变量,以储能系统消纳风光能力最强和储能系统成本最小为优化目标,以MILP、NSGA-Ⅱ为优化算法构建多目标调度优化模型,通过迭代计算得到调度优化储能出力计算结果。
调度优化模型目标函数为
minF=[f1,1f2]
式中:f1为储能投资和电网运行总成本,包括储能运行成本、弃风弃光成本,元。
第2个目标为最大化新能源消纳率f2,通过将目标函数定义为该消纳率的倒数,即最小化1/f2,将此问题转化为一个最小化问题。
{f1=min(Cinv+Cop)Cop=Cbuy+CES,opCES,pro+Cabandon
式中:Cinv为储能系统建设投资总成本,万元;Cop为电网运行总成本,元;Cbuy为主网购电成本,元;CES,op储能系统运行维护成本,元;CES,pro为储能充放电成本差,元;Cabandon为弃风弃光消耗成本,元。各成本的具体表达式为:
Cbuy=t=1Tcbuy,tPbuy,t
CES,op=t=1TcES,op(PES,dis,t+PES,ch,t)
CES,pro=t=1T(cES,dis,tPES,dis,t+cES,ch,tPES,ch,t)
{Cabandon=cabandonEabandonEabandon=0T(iPWT,abandon,p,t+iPPT,abandon,q,t)
f2=0T(pPWT,p,t+iPPT,q,t)dt0T(pPWT,MPPT,p,t+qPPT,MPPT,q,t)dt
式中:cbuy,tt时刻电价,元;Pbuy,tt时刻主网购电功率,MW;cES,op为储能机组运行和维护系数;cES,dis,tcES,ch,t分别为t时刻储能机组售电和购电价格,元;PES,dis,tPES,ch,t分别为t时刻储能机组售电功率和购电功率,MW;cabandon为弃风弃光惩罚系数;Eabandon为弃风弃光量,MW·h;PWT,abandon,pt为接入电网的风电机组pt时刻的弃功,MW;PPT,abandon,qt为接入电网的光伏机组qt时刻的弃功,MW;PWT,MPPT,pt为接入电网的风电机组pt时刻的有功最大出力,MW;PPT,MPPT,qt为接入电网的光伏机组qt时刻的有功最大出力,MW。
1)系统电力平衡约束
Pbuy,t+PPT,t+PWT,t+PBS,dis,i,t+PTS,dis,m,t+PCAES,dis,n,t+PPS,g,k,t=Psell,t+PBS,ch,i,t+PTS,ch,m,t+PCAES,ch,n,t+PPS,p,k,t+Pload,t
式中:Pload,tt时刻建立的电力系统所需的电负荷功率,MW;PWT,tt时刻风力发电系统的出力功率,MW;PPT,tt时刻光伏发电系统的出力功率,MW。
2)风、光机组运行约束
{PWT,minPWT,tPWT,maxPPT,minPPT,tPPT,max
式中:PWT,tPPT,t分别为t时刻风电机组和光伏机组的输出电功率,MW;PWT,minPWT,max分别为系统内风电机组的最小输出电功率和最大输出电功率,MW;PPT,minPPT,max分别为系统内光伏机组的最小输出电功率和最大输出电功率,MW。
3)储能机组荷电状态约束
SSOC,minSSOC,tSSOC,max
式中:SSOC,tt时刻储能机组的荷电状态。不同储能机组运行约束不同,电化学储能SOC需保持在中间范围(如20%~80%),以备随时响应高频的调频指令。电化学储能SOC变化最快。抽水蓄能SOC、压缩空气储能SOC和熔盐储能SOC遵循较规律的日循环,根据季节变化调整SOC范围,设定春秋季最小为0.1、最大为0.9,冬季最小为0.3、最大为1,夏季最小为0.2、最大为0.9。氢储能SOC变化最慢,当其他储能的SOC均处于极端状态且可再生能源仍然过剩时,才是氢储能进行出力的时机。
4)电池储能和氢储能约束
{SBS,t=SBS,t1σBS+(γBS,ch,i,tφch,tPBS,ch,i,tγBS,dis,i,tPBS,dis,i,t/φdis,t)ΔtSBS(0)=SBS(48)SBS,minSBS,tSBS,max
式中:SBS,tSBS,t–1分别为tt–1时刻电池储能容量,MW·h;σBS为电池储能自放电率;φchφdis分别为电池储能的充电效率和放电效率;SBS,maxSBS,min分别为电池储能容量上、下限,MW·h。
5)熔盐储能约束
{STS,t=STS,t1σTS+(ηchγTS,ch,i,tPTS,ch,i,tηdisγTS,dis,i,tPTS,dis,i,t)ΔtSTS(0)=STS(48)STS,minSTS,tSTS,max
式中:STS,tSTS,t–1分别为tt–1时刻熔盐储能容量,MW·h;σTS为熔盐储能自放电率;γchγdis分别为熔盐储能充电效率和放电效率;STS,maxSTS,min分别为熔盐储能最大容量和最小容量,MW·h。
6)压缩空气储能约束
{|PCAES,ch,tPCAES,ch,t1|ΔPch,max|PCAES,dis,tPCAES,dis,t1|ΔPdis,max
式中:PCAES,ch,tPCAES,dis,t分别为时刻t压缩空气储能的充、放电功率,MW;PCAES,ch,t–1PCAES,dis,t–1分别为时刻t–1压缩空气储能的充、放电功率,MW;ΔPch,max、ΔPdis,max分别为压缩空气储能的充电功率和放电功率的最大值,MW。
7)电网功率交互约束
{0Pbuy,tBbuy,tPbuy,max0Psell,tBsell,tPsell,maxBbuy,t+Bsell,t1
式中:Pbuy,tPsell,t分别为t时刻购买电力与出售电力的功率,MW;Pbuy,maxPsell,max分别为向电网购买电力和出售电力的最大功率,MW;Bbuy,tBsell,t分别为t时刻电网之间购买电力、出售电力的二元变量。
算例的求解分2步,如图1所示。
第1步,提取特征工况数据:
1)在河北地区原始储能需求数据的基础上,结合区域内多个场景多种类型的储能需求数据,将其分割成48 h的数据段;
2)选择对储能装置有直接影响的储能机组连续充放电时间、充放电状态切换次数等参数,获得各特征运行状态的数据集及各自的分布概率;
3)通过对典型日运行状态下多个时段的风光输出、负荷数据进行预测,构建包含多个运行特性的48 h的风光输出与负荷数据。
第2步,优化求解:
1)在构建的数据样本的基础上,通过48 h内仿真,实现多类型储能的优化调度迭代计算;
2)新能源出力、系统负荷以及储能都存在一定的季节性,对于储能容量的配置计算应基于不同特征日的基础负荷和风光出力数据开展,从而制定最合适的储能调度策略。
季节变化是改变能源供需两端的关键因素,影响储能的充放电需求、模式和运行策略。选用河北地区春分日、夏至日、秋分日、冬至日作为四季的典型代表日。各季节特征日负荷变化趋势一致,均为中午和黄昏时负荷较大,凌晨和夜间负荷较小,并呈抛物线分布。夏至日、冬至日负荷需求较高、波动较强且可能会出现极端的电力需求高峰或低谷,春分日、秋分日负荷需求较低、需求比较平稳且市场上的需求较为稳定。将夏至日、冬至日作为较差情况,春分日、秋分日作为较优情况进行仿真,各季节特征日负荷预测特性曲线见图2
风光机组出力依赖河北地区气候条件,与不同特征日气候条件密切相关。通过分析该地区历史风光出力数据与不同特征日的气象数据,可预测春分日、夏至日、秋分日、冬至日河北地区风光出力特性,根据该地区风电、光伏历史出力数据及不同特征日的气象数据,综合得出该地区风光出力特性,得到不同场景下预测的风光出力结果,各季节特征日风光出力预测特性曲线如图3所示。
针对新能源电力系统,综合考虑新能源消纳与主动支撑电网能力2个方面的需求,基于风光出力和电力系统短期负荷预测以及日前不同类型储能系统调度计划,判断日内是否存在新能源消纳受阻,在新能源消纳受阻时刻,充分发挥储能快速调节能力。在此基础上,结合河北地区多类型储能参与的电力系统运行特性、典型日负荷、风光等出力数据和特征日平谷峰购电电价设计5种模拟方案,同时满足风光消纳率最高且系统储能成本最低,河北地区特征日购电价格如表2所示[20]
采取NSGA-Ⅱ算法迭代求解得到储能出力最优结果:以储能系统最小成本、储能系统最大风光消纳率为目标,得到系统多类型储能机组出力,设置新能源消纳权重为0.7,系统成本权重为0.3,采取300次迭代计算即在保证计算速度的同时保证计算结果收敛。设置6个不同算例来计算不同类型储能机组的出力区别、系统成本和风光消纳率:
1)春分日储能NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度;
2)春分日下不同类型储能MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度;
3)夏至日下不同类型储能MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度;
4)秋分日下不同类型储能MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度;
5)冬至日下不同类型储能MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度;
6)优化多类型储能出力后春分日下不同类型储能MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化调度。
将风光出力预测结果输入不同算法下的优化调度模型,通过常规NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化得到多类型储能参与优化调度时的风光消纳结果,如图4所示。由图4可以看出,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化储能系统出力时,春分日的风光消纳率较低,为0.801。
利用MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化储能系统出力时,各季节风光消纳率迭代结果如图5所示。由图5可以看出,当多类型储能系统接入电网后,系统的风光消纳率显著提升,均达到85%以上。根据MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法可以得到系统在春分日、夏至日、秋分日、冬至日所能达到的最大风光消纳率分别为0.861 178、0.945 765、0.882 874、0.924 715。
通过MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法对春分日负荷和风光出力进行计算,可以优化储能机组出力,储能机组总出力提高了1 000 MW,结果如图6所示。可以看出,该方法可有效提升风光消纳率,经迭代计算,优化后春分日储能接入电网系统的最大风光消纳率达到0.885,较未优化前提升了10.49%。
图7为常规NSGA-Ⅱ算法计算得出的系统总成本。
图7所示,在春分日典型负荷需求与风光发电出力数据构成的场景下,利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法在春分日负荷和风光出力储能出力的场景中最小系统总成本为15 213.187 3元。
基于春分日、夏至日、秋分日和冬至日的典型负荷曲线、风光发电出力特性曲线、分时峰平谷电价以及不同类型储能系统的成本参数包括初始投资、运行维护及寿命周期成本等,将上述关键参数输入构建的储能优化调度模型中进行迭代计算,结果如图8所示。经过模型求解,得到春分日、夏至日、秋分日和冬至日满足系统约束条件的最小储能系统总成本分别为15 192.553、15 259.888、15 194.024和15 233.555元。
在春分日典型负荷需求与风光发电出力数据构成的基准场景下,进一步开展储能系统充放电功率优化,优化储能机组出力。通过应用所建立的优化模型,对储能单元的充放电行为进行时序优化,结果如图9所示。该优化策略下春分日的最小系统总成本为15 204.187元,该特征日下的运行成本利用MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化模型较只利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化的成本减少13元。该运行优化策略下,春分日所对应的系统总成本为15 204.187 3元;在该典型日运行场景下,采用MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ混合优化算法得到的系统总成本,相较于仅使用传统NSGA-Ⅱ优化算法优化得到的系统总成本减少了13元。相较于储能机组出力优化前的MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法计算得到的储能机组出力的系统总成本提高了11.635元,消纳率提高2.5%的情况下储能系统成本提高在可接受范围。
图10所示,在春分日负荷和风光出力的基础上,常规NSGA-Ⅱ算法计算得到储能出力后春分日消纳负荷为9 910.681 MW,相比于MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法计算得到优化储能容量时的春分日消纳负荷少了4 325.762 6 MW。
图11为MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法计算得到的消纳负荷结果。如图11所示,在春分日、夏至日、秋分日和冬至日,储能参与调度后电力系统消纳负荷能力提高,分别为10 428.438 2、9 810.671、10 594.79、10 476.756 7 MW。
图12为优化储能出力下利用MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法计算得到的负荷消纳。在春分日负荷和风光出力的基础上,优化储能系统出力后得到春季消纳负荷为14 236.443 6 MW,相比未优化储能容量时增加了3 808.005 4 MW。
通过MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法对河北地区不同季节特征日不同储能机组出力进行调度优化,得出具有最大特征日风光利用率、最小储能系统成本和最大消纳负荷的优化结果,如表3所示。表3中:春分日风光出力和负荷相同,算法和多类型储能总出力不同;第1处春分日为传统NSGA-Ⅱ算法得出且多类型储能总出力为2 000 MW;第2处春分日为MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法且多类型储能总出力为2 000 MW;第3处春分日为MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ算法且多类型储能总出力为3 000 MW。与利用常规NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化储能机组调度运行策略相比,本文所采用的MILP和NSGA-Ⅱ算法可使新能源消纳率提高8.4%,储能系统成本下降13元,消纳负荷增加4 325.762 6 MW。
在不同可再生能源机组出力模式下,分析和预测48 h内各种储能设备的充放电过程,为电力系统提供更精确的日前调度优化策略。该策略能够根据实时数据调整能源输出,以确保电网的稳定运行,并最大化利用可再生能源资源,推动可持续发展目标的实现[21-23]。储能参与电力系统调频时:春秋季电化学储能主导调频,抽水蓄能备用;夏季电化学储能削午间光伏峰,熔盐储热补晚高峰;冬季抽水蓄能和电化学储能承担调峰主体,氢储能保障极寒天气供电。不同场景下多类型储能的优化调度结果如图13图14所示。
为实现电网系统储能电站“促进消纳+主动支撑”的双重目标[24-26],构建了融合风光消纳能力提升与电网主动支撑提升的储能优化调度模型。通过引入区域典型工况特征提取技术,构建了涵盖新能源出力波动和设备运行约束的多维场景集,并采用改进型MILP算法和NSGA-Ⅱ算法实现复杂模型的高效求解,在经济性层面验证了多类型储能协同调度的优越性。
1)相较没有储能参与的方案,多类型储能的协同调度方案经济性和消纳能力更高,不同类型储能机组参与调度能够更好地支撑电网,保证电网的稳定性和灵活性。
2)采用的MILP-NSGA-Ⅱ混合智能算法框架是实现上述目标的核心决策引擎。该框架的成功应用标志着储能调度策略从追求单一目标最优,演进为在多目标经济-技术帕累托前沿上寻找最佳平衡点的智能决策。特别地,NSGA-Ⅱ算法的引入有效解决了高维、非线性优化问题,在保证新能源消纳率硬性约束(≥85%)的前提下,大幅提升了计算效率,使得该模型具备在线实时调度的潜力,为未来电力市场的快速决策提供了强有力的工具支撑。
3)未来研究的深化方向在于差异化管理与精细化建模。即深度耦合电化学、抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、熔盐储能及氢储能等不同储能的本体特性(如响应速率、衰减成本、爬坡能力、持续时长),建立与之高度匹配的最优调度策略。这将弥补当前各类储能在复杂多变的实际场景中难以充分发挥其理论最优性能的不足。
  • 国网河北省电力有限公司科技项目(kj2024-059)
  • 多场景下多类型新型储能多时间尺度运行调度策略研究
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2026年第55卷第2期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508008
  • 接收时间:2025-08-03
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-03
  • 修回日期:2025-09-22
  • 录用日期:2025-09-25
基金
Science and Technology Project of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Company Limited(kj2024-059)
国网河北省电力有限公司科技项目(kj2024-059)
Research on Multi-timescale Operational Scheduling Strategies for Multiple Types of New Energy Storage in Multi-scenarios
多场景下多类型新型储能多时间尺度运行调度策略研究
作者信息
    1.国网河北省电力有限公司,石家庄 050081
    2.华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京 102206

通讯作者:

陈衡(1989),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多类型源储协同,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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