Article(id=1295064811793051821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755792000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-22, revisedDate=1757606400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-12, acceptedDate=1758729600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-25, onlineDate=1786697112271, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1771948800000, pubDateStr=2026-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697112271, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697112271, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697112271, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1295064706872528996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1771948800000', pubDateStr='2026-02-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1786697087257, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1786698896936, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072297266733103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072297266733104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1295064706872528996, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=108, endPage=116, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064812027932846, articleId=1295064811793051821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Design of a cascaded thermal-storage-integrated system and fundamental research on its frequency-regulation performance, columnId=1295064787906490372, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Peak shaving and frequency regulation technology for energy storage system coupled with thermal power unit, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
[Objective]

Driven by the global energy transition and the “dual-carbon” goals, enhancing the operational flexibility of coal-fired units has become pivotal for improving the grid’s renewable energy accommodation capacity. To enhance the frequency-regulation flexibility of coal-fired units and address the pinch-point bottleneck in molten-salt/steam heat exchange, this study proposes a three-tank cascaded thermal energy storage (TES) system integrated with a subcritical unit.

[Methods]

A steady-state model of a 330 MW unit was developed in EBSILON. It incorporated high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature molten-salt loops, and achieved partial boiler-turbine decoupling via main-steam and feedwater bypass circuits.

[Results]

The simulation results indicate that the cycle electric efficiency reached 63.51% at 100% THA; the heat rate increase of the integrated system was about 1% in hot standby working state of each working condition, and 13.2% at 40% THA with a 5%Pe regulation depth; the coal consumption penalty grew exponentially with regulation depth, providing a basis for defining an economic dead band.

[Conclusion]

The cascaded TES structure preserves steam exergy while significantly improving load-response rate and frequency-regulation capability, offering both theoretical insights and a practical design paradigm for flexibility retrofits of coal-fired units in power systems with high renewable penetration.

, authors=Xuantao DING1, Qingwei FAN2, authorsList=Xuantao DING, Qingwei FAN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064815890886846, articleId=1295064811793051821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=梯级火储集成系统设计及其调频基础研究, columnId=1295064788145565702, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=储能系统耦合火电机组调峰调频技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
【目的】

在全球能源结构转型与“双碳”战略目标驱动下,提升火电机组灵活性已成为增强电网新能源消纳能力的关键路径。为提升火电机组调频灵活性并解决熔盐-蒸汽换热过程中的夹点问题,提出一种与亚临界机组耦合的三罐式梯级熔盐储热集成方案。

【方法】

基于EBSILON平台构建了330 MW机组稳态模型,并嵌入高-中-低温熔盐储释热回路,通过主蒸汽及给水旁路实现锅炉-汽轮机部分解耦。

【结果】

仿真结果表明:该系统循环电效率在100%THA工况下可达63.51%;集成系统在各工况的热备用工作状态下热耗率增幅仅约1%,而在40%THA、5%Pe调频深度下为13.2%;调频引发的煤耗增量随调频深度加大呈指数增长,为界定经济性运行死区提供了依据。

【结论】

该梯级储热结构在维持蒸汽品位的同时,显著提升了机组负荷响应速率与调频能力,为高比例新能源电力系统中火电机组的灵活性改造提供了理论支撑与工程设计范式。

, authors=丁煊涛1, 范庆伟2, authorsList=丁煊涛, 范庆伟, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

丁煊涛(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火力发电系统、熔盐储能,

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=RNmR1eWYTuSVZ8zNoZPoGQ==, magXml=piPEs+Uw5R6piewevM7FWg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ByP+Ad1u9adTwUPBBsS2zg==, pdfFileSize=1209879, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=VbnIX9lZPhOJA258gs1uag==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=112EErbB/+xbXZcsvOJrDg==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1295064816423563462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1527871845@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816520032456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816423563462, language=EN, stringName=Xuantao DING, firstName=Xuantao, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.North United Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816591335625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816423563462, language=CN, stringName=丁煊涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000, bio={"content":"

丁煊涛(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火力发电系统、熔盐储能,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

丁煊涛(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火力发电系统、熔盐储能,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295064816222236863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816230625472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816222236863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.North United Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816234819777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816222236863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000)])]), Author(id=1295064816683610315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816771690701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816683610315, language=EN, stringName=Qingwei FAN, firstName=Qingwei, middleName=null, lastName=FAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816855576782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816683610315, language=CN, stringName=范庆伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295064816322900162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816343871683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816322900162, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816352260292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816322900162, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1295064816964628687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=molten-salt thermal energy storage system), Keyword(id=1295064817061097680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=flexibility retrofitting), Keyword(id=1295064817132400849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=energy storage), Keyword(id=1295064817203704018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=heat-exchange pinch point), Keyword(id=1295064817275007187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=EBSILON-based modelling and simulation), Keyword(id=1295064818973700308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=熔盐储热系统), Keyword(id=1295064819061780693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=灵活性改造), Keyword(id=1295064819141472470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=储能), Keyword(id=1295064819221164247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=换热夹点), Keyword(id=1295064819296661720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=EBSILON建模仿真)], refs=[Reference(id=1295064821112795371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=国家能源局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家能源局. 国家能源局发布2024年全国电力工业统计数据[EB/OL]. (2025-01-21) [2025-08-22]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250121/097bfd7c1cd3498897639857d86d5dac/c.html., articleTitle=国家能源局发布2024年全国电力工业统计数据, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064821205070060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=National Energy Administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Energy Administration. The National Energy Administration releases statistical data on the national power industry for 2024[EB/OL]. (2025-01-21) [2025-08-20]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250121/097bfd7c1cd3498897639857d86d5dac/c.html., articleTitle=The National Energy Administration releases statistical data on the national power industry for 2024, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064821284761837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=中国电力企业联合会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国电力企业联合会. 2024—2025年度全国电力供需形势分析预测报告[EB/OL]. (2025-01-26) [2025-08-20]. http://www.chinapower.com.cn/zx/zxbg/20250205/275937.html., articleTitle=2024—2025年度全国电力供需形势分析预测报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064821360259310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=China Electricity Council, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=China Electricity Council. Analysis and forecast report on national power supply and demand for 2024—2025[EB/OL]. (2025-01-26) [2025-08-20]. http://www.chinapower.com.cn/zx/zxbg/20250205/275937.html., articleTitle=Analysis and forecast report on national power supply and demand for 2024—2025, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064821662249199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=国家统计局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家统计局. 2024年12月份能源生产情况[EB/OL]. (2025-01-17) [2025-08-20]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202501/t20250117_1958326.html., articleTitle=2024年12月份能源生产情况, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064821733552368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=National Bureau of Statistics, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Bureau of Statistics. Energy production in December 2024[EB/OL]. (2025-01-17) [2025-08-20]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202501/t20250117_1958326.html., articleTitle=Energy production in December 2024, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064823407079665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=null, journalName=人民日报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要[N]. 人民日报,2021-03-13(1)., articleTitle=中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064823474188530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=null, journalName=People’s Daily, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development and long-range objectives through the year 2035 of the People’s Republic of China[N]. People’s Daily, 2021-03-13(1)., articleTitle=Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development and long-range objectives through the year 2035 of the People’s Republic of China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064823717458163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=增刊2, pageStart=319, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=刘云, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘云. 我国能源电力发展及火电机组灵活性改造综述[J]. 洁净煤技术2023, 29 (增刊2): 319-27., articleTitle=我国能源电力发展及火电机组灵活性改造综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064823805538548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=Suppl.2, pageStart=319, pageEnd=327, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LIU Yun, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yun. A summary of the development of china's energy and electricity and the flexibility improvement of fossil-fired power units[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2023, 29(Suppl.2): 319-327., articleTitle=A summary of the development of china's energy and electricity and the flexibility improvement of fossil-fired power units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064823906201845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=169, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ROPER R, HARKEMA M, SABHARWALL P, journalName=Annals of Nuclear Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROPER R, HARKEMA M, SABHARWALL P, et al. Molten salt for advanced energy applications: a review[J]. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2022, 169: 108924., articleTitle=Molten salt for advanced energy applications: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824141082870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=103, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=崔吉祥, 孟凡星, 孙耀芹, journalName=节能, refType=null, unstructuredReference=崔吉祥,孟凡星,孙耀芹,. 基于Cite Space与VOSviewer的熔盐储能研究可视化分析[J]. 节能202443(5):103-106., articleTitle=基于Cite Space与VOSviewer的熔盐储能研究可视化分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824208191735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=103, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=CUI Jixiang, MENG Fanxing, SUN Yaoqin, journalName=Energy Conservation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CUI Jixiang, MENG Fanxing, SUN Yaoqin, et al. Visualization analysis of molten salt energy storage research based on cite space and VOSviewer[J]. Energy Conservation, 2024, 43(5): 103-106., articleTitle=Visualization analysis of molten salt energy storage research based on cite space and VOSviewer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824275300600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=刘金恺, 鹿院卫, 魏海姣, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘金恺,鹿院卫,魏海姣,. 熔盐储热辅助燃煤机组调峰系统设计及性能对比[J]. 热力发电202352(2):111-118., articleTitle=熔盐储热辅助燃煤机组调峰系统设计及性能对比, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824359186681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=LIU Jinkai, LU Yuanwei, WEI Haijiao, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jinkai, LU Yuanwei, WEI Haijiao, et al. Design and performance comparison of molten salt thermal energy storage assisted peak shaving system for fossil-fired power units[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(2): 111-118., articleTitle=Design and performance comparison of molten salt thermal energy storage assisted peak shaving system for fossil-fired power units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824455655674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=11, pageStart=2999, pageEnd=3007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=苗林, 刘明, 张可臻, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苗林,刘明,张可臻,. 集成电制热熔盐储热的燃煤发电系统热力性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报202344(11):2999-3007., articleTitle=集成电制热熔盐储热的燃煤发电系统热力性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824560513275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=11, pageStart=2999, pageEnd=3007, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=MIAO Lin, LIU Ming, ZHANG Kezhen, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIAO Lin, LIU Ming, ZHANG Kezhen, et al. Research on thermodynamic performance of fossil-fired power generation system integrated with electrothermal molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2023, 44(11): 2999-3007., articleTitle=Research on thermodynamic performance of fossil-fired power generation system integrated with electrothermal molten salt thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824640205052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=15, pageStart=5964, pageEnd=5976, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=苗林, 刘明, 严俊杰, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苗林,刘明,严俊杰. 燃煤机组集成熔盐储热系统释热过程的灵活性提升潜力及能效分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报202545(15):5964-5976., articleTitle=燃煤机组集成熔盐储热系统释热过程的灵活性提升潜力及能效分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824715702525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=15, pageStart=5964, pageEnd=5976, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=MIAO Lin, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIAO Lin, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie. Potential for flexibility improvement and energy efficiency analysis of the heat release process in fossil-fired power units integrated with molten salt thermal energy storage system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(15): 5964-5976., articleTitle=Potential for flexibility improvement and energy efficiency analysis of the heat release process in fossil-fired power units integrated with molten salt thermal energy storage system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824791199998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=3, pageStart=89, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=张祝, 陈国庆, 周小明, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张祝,陈国庆,周小明,. 670 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储能系统方案设计及性能分析[J]. 热力发电202453(3):89-98., articleTitle=670 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储能系统方案设计及性能分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824862503167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=3, pageStart=89, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZHANG Zhu, CHEN Guoqing, ZHOU Xiaoming, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Zhu, CHEN Guoqing, ZHOU Xiaoming, et al. Design and performance analysis of 670 MW fossil-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(3): 89-98., articleTitle=Design and performance analysis of 670 MW fossil-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064824938000640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=113, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=马汀山, 王伟, 王东晔, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马汀山,王伟,王东晔,. 基于熔盐储热辅助煤电机组深度调峰的系统设计及容量计算方法研究[J]. 热力发电202352(7):113-118., articleTitle=基于熔盐储热辅助煤电机组深度调峰的系统设计及容量计算方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825005109505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=113, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=MA Tingshan, WANG Wei, WANG Dongye, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Tingshan, WANG Wei, WANG Dongye, et al. Research on system design and capacity calculation method of deep peak shaving for coal-fired power units assisted by molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 113-118., articleTitle=Research on system design and capacity calculation method of deep peak shaving for coal-fired power units assisted by molten salt thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825080606978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=1, pageStart=99, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=彭家辉, 倪永中, 王元良, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=彭家辉,倪永中,王元良,. 基于熔盐储热的燃煤机组调峰可行性分析[J]. 热力发电202453(1):99-106., articleTitle=基于熔盐储热的燃煤机组调峰可行性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825172881667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=1, pageStart=99, pageEnd=106, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=PENG Jiahui, NI Yongzhong, WANG Yuanliang, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PENG Jiahui, NI Yongzhong, WANG Yuanliang, et al. Feasibility analysis of peak shaving for coal-fired power units based on molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(1): 99-106., articleTitle=Feasibility analysis of peak shaving for coal-fired power units based on molten salt thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825244184836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=464, pageEnd=469, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=25, authorNames=易自砚, 李红星, 何邵华, journalName=太阳能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=易自砚,李红星,何邵华,. 太阳能热发电站高温熔盐罐基础设计关键参数研究[J]. 太阳能学报202546(2):464-469., articleTitle=太阳能热发电站高温熔盐罐基础设计关键参数研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825302905093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=464, pageEnd=469, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=YI Ziyan, LI Hongxing, HE Shaohua, journalName=Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YI Ziyan, LI Hongxing, HE Shaohua, et al. Key parameters for foundation design of high-temperature molten-salt storage tanks in solar thermal power plants[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(2): 464-469., articleTitle=Key parameters for foundation design of high-temperature molten-salt storage tanks in solar thermal power plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825365819654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=61, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=27, authorNames=ISMAIL I, WIDODO Y I, RAHMAN R A, journalName=Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISMAIL I, WIDODO Y I, RAHMAN R A. Charge assessment for nitrate-based salt as a phase change material for a medium-temperature latent storage tank[J]. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 52-61., articleTitle=Charge assessment for nitrate-based salt as a phase change material for a medium-temperature latent storage tank, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825437122823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=15, issue=18, pageStart=6591, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LI N, WANG Y, LIU Q, journalName=Energies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI N, WANG Y, LIU Q, et al. Evaluation of thermalphysical properties of novel multicomponent molten nitrate salts for heat transfer and storage[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(18): 6591., articleTitle=Evaluation of thermalphysical properties of novel multicomponent molten nitrate salts for heat transfer and storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825508425992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=31, issue=8, pageStart=200, pageEnd=209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=巩志强, 韩悦, 徐明新, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=巩志强,韩悦,徐明新,. 煤电耦合熔盐储热调峰的技术经济性研究[J]. 洁净煤技术202531(8):200-209., articleTitle=煤电耦合熔盐储热调峰的技术经济性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825562951945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=31, issue=8, pageStart=200, pageEnd=209, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=GONG Zhiqiang, HAN Yue, XU Mingxin, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Zhiqiang, HAN Yue, XU Mingxin, et al. Technical and economic research on peak shaving of coal-fired power coupled with molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2025, 31(8): 200-209., articleTitle=Technical and economic research on peak shaving of coal-fired power coupled with molten salt thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825625866506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=93, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=李洪波, 王顺, 景锐, journalName=西安工程大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李洪波,王顺,景锐,. 熔盐储热系统对火电机组热经济性和调峰性能的影响[J]. 西安工程大学学报202438(5):93-101., articleTitle=熔盐储热系统对火电机组热经济性和调峰性能的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825722335499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=5, pageStart=93, pageEnd=101, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LI Hongbo, WANG Shun, JING Rui, journalName=Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Hongbo, WANG Shun, JING Rui, et al. Influence of molten salt thermal energy storage system on thermal economy and peak shaving performance of thermal power units[J]. Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University, 2024, 38(5): 93-101., articleTitle=Influence of molten salt thermal energy storage system on thermal economy and peak shaving performance of thermal power units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825814610188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=288, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=MA T S, LI Z K, LV K, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA T S, LI Z K, LV K, et al. Design and performance analysis of deep peak shaving scheme for thermal power units based on high-temperature molten salt heat storage system[J]. Energy, 2024, 288: 129557., articleTitle=Design and performance analysis of deep peak shaving scheme for thermal power units based on high-temperature molten salt heat storage system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064825911079181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=100, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=REN B, ZHU C, LI B, journalName=Journal of Energy Storage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN B, ZHU C, LI B, et al. Thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of large-scale molten salt storage tanks under stable operating conditions with varying liquid levels[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 100: 113697., articleTitle=Thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of large-scale molten salt storage tanks under stable operating conditions with varying liquid levels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064826015936782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=241, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=董新宇, 张舒蕾, 张宇轩, journalName=太阳能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=董新宇,张舒蕾,张宇轩,. 熔盐横向冲刷管内汽-液两相流传热特性实验研究[J]. 太阳能学报202344(7):241-247., articleTitle=熔盐横向冲刷管内汽-液两相流传热特性实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064826242429199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=7, pageStart=241, pageEnd=247, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=DONG Xinyu, ZHANG Shulei, ZHANG Yuxuan, journalName=Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DONG Xinyu, ZHANG Shulei, ZHANG Yuxuan, et al. Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of steam-liquid two-phase flow transversely flushed by molten salt in tubes[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2023, 44(7): 241-247., articleTitle=Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of steam-liquid two-phase flow transversely flushed by molten salt in tubes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064827974676752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=54, issue=9, pageStart=25, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=户雯婷, 刘明, 张顺奇, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=户雯婷,刘明,张顺奇,. 电制热熔盐储热发电系统的动态特性分析[J]. 热力发电202554(9):25-34., articleTitle=电制热熔盐储热发电系统的动态特性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828062757137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=54, issue=9, pageStart=25, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=HU Wenting, LIU Ming, ZHANG Shunqi, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Wenting, LIU Ming, ZHANG Shunqi, et al. Dynamic characteristics analysis of electro-thermal molten-salt heat-storage power generation system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, 54(9): 25-34., articleTitle=Dynamic characteristics analysis of electro-thermal molten-salt heat-storage power generation system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828134060306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=61, issue=3, pageStart=221, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=范庆伟, 居文平, 黄嘉驷, journalName=汽轮机技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=范庆伟,居文平,黄嘉驷,. 基于储热过程的工业供汽机组热电解耦研究[J]. 汽轮机技术201961(3):221-223., articleTitle=基于储热过程的工业供汽机组热电解耦研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828381524243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=61, issue=3, pageStart=221, pageEnd=223, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=FAN Qingwei, JU Wenping, HUANG Jiasi, journalName=Turbine Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN Qingwei, JU Wenping, HUANG Jiasi, et al. Research on decoupling of heat and power of industrial steam supply unit based on heat storage process[J]. Turbine Technology, 2019, 61(3): 221-223., articleTitle=Research on decoupling of heat and power of industrial steam supply unit based on heat storage process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828436050196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=11, pageStart=63, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=宋晓辉, 韩伟, 王兴, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋晓辉,韩伟,王兴,. 基于高温熔盐储热系统的火电机组深度调峰方案对比及分析[J]. 热能动力工程202338(11):63-74., articleTitle=基于高温熔盐储热系统的火电机组深度调峰方案对比及分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828503159061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=11, pageStart=63, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=42, authorNames=SONG Xiaohui, HAN Wei, WANG Xing, journalName=Thermal Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG Xiaohui, HAN Wei, WANG Xing, et al. Comparison and analysis of deep peak shaving schemes for fossil-fired power units based on high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage system[J]. Thermal Power Engineering, 2023, 38(11): 63-74., articleTitle=Comparison and analysis of deep peak shaving schemes for fossil-fired power units based on high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828578656534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=238, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=43, authorNames=张婉颖, 王建东, 魏梦瑶, journalName=科学技术与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张婉颖,王建东,魏梦瑶,. 基于机组出力变化量与最大调节速率关系的自动发电控制指令优化调度[J]. 科学技术与工程202424(1):238-244., articleTitle=基于机组出力变化量与最大调节速率关系的自动发电控制指令优化调度, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828796760343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=238, pageEnd=244, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=44, authorNames=ZHANG Wanying, WANG Jiandong, WEI Mengyao, journalName=Science Technology and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Wanying, WANG Jiandong, WEI Mengyao, et al. Optimal AGC dispatch based on the relationship between output variation and maximum regulation rate of generating units[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(1): 238-244., articleTitle=Optimal AGC dispatch based on the relationship between output variation and maximum regulation rate of generating units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064828922589464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=45, authorNames=陈玉爽, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈玉爽. 高温熔盐及熔盐换热器传热特性的实验和模拟研究[D]. 上海:中国科学院大学,2021:1., articleTitle=高温熔盐及熔盐换热器传热特性的实验和模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064829174247705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=46, authorNames=CHEN Yushuang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Yushuang. Experimental and numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of high-temperature molten salt and molten-salt heat exchangers[D]. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021: 1., articleTitle=Experimental and numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of high-temperature molten salt and molten-salt heat exchangers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064829249745178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=47, authorNames=全国电网运行与控制标准化技术委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=全国电网运行与控制标准化技术委员会. 并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则:GB/T 40595—2021[S]. 中国标准出版社,2021:1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064829597872411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=48, authorNames=National Technical Committee on Power Grid Operation and Control, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Technical Committee on Power Grid Operation and Control. Technical rules and test guidelines for primary frequency regulation of grid-connected power sources: GB/T 40595—2021[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2021: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064829664981276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=94, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=49, authorNames=陈羽飞, 何永君, 田晓鹏, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈羽飞,何永君,田晓鹏,. 熔盐储能火电机组自抗扰频率控制[J]. 热能动力工程2025, 40(1): 94-102., articleTitle=熔盐储能火电机组自抗扰频率控制, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064829727895837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=1, pageStart=94, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=50, authorNames=CHEN Yufei, HE Yongjun, TIAN Xiaopeng, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Yufei, HE Yongjun, TIAN Xiaopeng, et al. Active Disturbance rejection frequency control of thermal power units with molten-salt thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, 2025, 40(1): 94-102., articleTitle=Active Disturbance rejection frequency control of thermal power units with molten-salt thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064830017302814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=2682, pageEnd=2691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=51, authorNames=庞力平, 张世刚, 段立强, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庞力平,张世刚,段立强. 高温熔盐储能提高二次再热机组灵活性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报202141(8):2682-2691., articleTitle=高温熔盐储能提高二次再热机组灵活性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064830185074975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=2682, pageEnd=2691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=52, authorNames=PANG Liping, ZHANG Shigang, DUAN Liqiang, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG Liping, ZHANG Shigang, DUAN Liqiang. Improving flexibility of double-reheat units using high-temperature molten-salt thermal energy storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(8): 2682-2691., articleTitle=Improving flexibility of double-reheat units using high-temperature molten-salt thermal energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064830268961056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=18, issue=7, pageStart=1906, pageEnd=1922, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=53, authorNames=YOU F, LAN Q, journalName=Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOU F, LAN Q. Study on staged start-up mitigation strategies for water hammer in large-scale centrifugal pump systems based on one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupled simulation[J]. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2025, 18(7): 1906-1922., articleTitle=Study on staged start-up mitigation strategies for water hammer in large-scale centrifugal pump systems based on one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupled simulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064830428344609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=2970, pageEnd=2987, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=54, authorNames=ALI M, ALKAABI A K, ADDAD Y, journalName=International Journal of Energy Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI M, ALKAABI A K, ADDAD Y. Numerical investigation of a vertical triplex-tube latent heat storage/exchanger to achieve flexible operation of nuclear power plants[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2022, 46(3): 2970-2987., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of a vertical triplex-tube latent heat storage/exchanger to achieve flexible operation of nuclear power plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064830487064866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=55, authorNames=高彦洁, 张斯文, 景雪晖, journalName=锅炉技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高彦洁,张斯文,景雪晖,. 燃煤机组灵活性改造成本及效益分析[J]. 锅炉技术202455(5):65-71., articleTitle=燃煤机组灵活性改造成本及效益分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064830549979427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=56, authorNames=GAO Yanjie, ZHANG Siwen, JING Xuehui, journalName=Boiler Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Yanjie, ZHANG Siwen, JING Xuehui, et al. Cost-benefit analysis of flexibility retrofit for coal-fired power units[J]. Boiler Technology, 2024, 55(5): 65-71., articleTitle=Cost-benefit analysis of flexibility retrofit for coal-fired power units, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295064816222236863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816230625472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816222236863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.North United Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816234819777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816222236863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1295064816322900162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816343871683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816322900162, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816352260292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816322900162, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1295064819435073753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Q-T diagram of the steam/feedwater-molten salt heat exchange, figureFileSmall=gkN/r9xnuCQyx418gA7Y0Q==, figureFileBig=VbnIX9lZPhOJA258gs1uag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064819502182618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图1, caption=蒸汽/给水与熔盐换热Q-T图, figureFileSmall=gkN/r9xnuCQyx418gA7Y0Q==, figureFileBig=VbnIX9lZPhOJA258gs1uag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064819695120603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of the steady-state calculation model for thermal power unit integrated cascade thermal energy storage system, figureFileSmall=Uc47ud4fJJxTF4rAFAh+dw==, figureFileBig=y9H+ul07l7x0iqRVIeH8CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064819779006684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图2, caption=火电机组集成梯级储热系统稳态计算模型示意, figureFileSmall=Uc47ud4fJJxTF4rAFAh+dw==, figureFileBig=y9H+ul07l7x0iqRVIeH8CA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064819892252893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Thermal balance diagram under 75%THA condition with load reduction of 3%Pe, figureFileSmall=AVlsLayD4dyL2s28C6sRfg==, figureFileBig=QohRZMII2iz+xtktqbIBbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064819980333278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图3, caption=75%THA工况降负荷3%Pe热力平衡图, figureFileSmall=AVlsLayD4dyL2s28C6sRfg==, figureFileBig=QohRZMII2iz+xtktqbIBbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820064219359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Thermal balance diagram under 75%THA condition with load increase of 3%Pe, figureFileSmall=bYdzqdXthE+uoOTILiT4MQ==, figureFileBig=jtwJi6943YjCX54HoKFafA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820156494048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图4, caption=75%THA工况升负荷3%Pe热力平衡图, figureFileSmall=bYdzqdXthE+uoOTILiT4MQ==, figureFileBig=jtwJi6943YjCX54HoKFafA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820248768737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cycle electrical efficiency of thermal energy storage system under various operating conditions, figureFileSmall=y1DtMAzIu0T6IcGamQW09w==, figureFileBig=m2SEzermaoLi5LZrjwxpIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820353626338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图5, caption=储热系统各工况的循环电效率, figureFileSmall=y1DtMAzIu0T6IcGamQW09w==, figureFileBig=m2SEzermaoLi5LZrjwxpIQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820433318115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Heat consumption rate of the integrated system under various operating conditions, figureFileSmall=4GAEcvezO+L3vs/allcd/g==, figureFileBig=UuCHECWRqDQc5b6oxo83OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820504621284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图6, caption=集成系统各工况的热耗率, figureFileSmall=4GAEcvezO+L3vs/allcd/g==, figureFileBig=UuCHECWRqDQc5b6oxo83OQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820584313061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The increment in coal consumption of the integrated system under various operating conditions, figureFileSmall=mvOHU+rfu8VfY/2MTdFUxg==, figureFileBig=qQlHI51iN1rOYi1KxXXlxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820668199142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=图7, caption=集成系统各工况的工作煤耗增量, figureFileSmall=mvOHU+rfu8VfY/2MTdFUxg==, figureFileBig=qQlHI51iN1rOYi1KxXXlxw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064820752085223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Design and simulation values of thermodynamic parameters of the system under typical THA conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况模拟值设计值相对误差
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1100%THA963.08963.000.01/%
75%THA700.27696.000.61/%
40%THA377.84378.00–0.04/%
主蒸汽温度/℃5405400
主蒸汽压力/MPa17.7517.750
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1100%THA867.47869.94–0.28/%
75%THA637.66634.940.43/%
40%THA336.13336.000.04/%
再热蒸汽温度/℃5405400
再热蒸汽压力/MPa100%THA3.883.880
75%THA2.872.850.72/%
40%THA1.531.530.21/%
热耗率/(kJ·(kW·h)–1100%THA7 914.897 926.90–0.15/%
75%THA8 034.957 997.800.46/%
40%THA8 561.198 565.50–0.05/%
汽耗率/(kg·(kW·h)–1100%THA2.916 42.916 20.01/%
75%THA2.825 32.808 00.62/%
40%THA2.856 42.857 6–0.04/%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064820840165608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

典型THA工况下系统热力参数设计值与模拟值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况模拟值设计值相对误差
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1100%THA963.08963.000.01/%
75%THA700.27696.000.61/%
40%THA377.84378.00–0.04/%
主蒸汽温度/℃5405400
主蒸汽压力/MPa17.7517.750
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1100%THA867.47869.94–0.28/%
75%THA637.66634.940.43/%
40%THA336.13336.000.04/%
再热蒸汽温度/℃5405400
再热蒸汽压力/MPa100%THA3.883.880
75%THA2.872.850.72/%
40%THA1.531.530.21/%
热耗率/(kJ·(kW·h)–1100%THA7 914.897 926.90–0.15/%
75%THA8 034.957 997.800.46/%
40%THA8 561.198 565.50–0.05/%
汽耗率/(kg·(kW·h)–1100%THA2.916 42.916 20.01/%
75%THA2.825 32.808 00.62/%
40%THA2.856 42.857 6–0.04/%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064820924051689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Key nodal parameters for ±3%Pe steady-state simulation at 75% THA condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况仿真值
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1+3%Pe710.36
–3%Pe667.63
主蒸汽温度/℃+3%Pe539.6
–3%Pe540.0
主蒸汽压力/MPa+3%Pe17.75
–3%Pe17.75
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1+3%Pe646.49
–3%Pe606.63
再热蒸汽温度/℃+3%Pe540.0
–3%Pe540.0
再热蒸汽压力/MPa+3%Pe2.90
–3%Pe2.73
), ArticleFig(id=1295064820999549162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

75%THA工况±3%Pe稳态仿真关键节点参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况仿真值
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1+3%Pe710.36
–3%Pe667.63
主蒸汽温度/℃+3%Pe539.6
–3%Pe540.0
主蒸汽压力/MPa+3%Pe17.75
–3%Pe17.75
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1+3%Pe646.49
–3%Pe606.63
再热蒸汽温度/℃+3%Pe540.0
–3%Pe540.0
再热蒸汽压力/MPa+3%Pe2.90
–3%Pe2.73
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=IcKGK23kpfWlBK6GqYtS5g==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1784018130043, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13041195026, firstLetterCn=R, firstLetterEn=R, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=Engineering, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=IcKGK23kpfWlBK6GqYtS5g==, picEn=UzifuamzuAk3uXMVSOtdyA==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1283828346035356554, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784018130072, updatedTime=1784018130072, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1283828346094076811, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1784018130086, updatedTime=1784018130086, createdBy=13041195026, updatedBy=13041195026, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfdauthor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionCeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, submissionAeEditorUrl=https://rlfdeditor.cast.org.cn/webm, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1307280923934876518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1789609660371, updateTime=1789609660371, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923905516387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1789609660364, updateTime=1789609660364, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923960042345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1789609660377, updateTime=1789609660377, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923880350562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1789609660358, updateTime=1789609660358, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923976819563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1789609660381, updateTime=1789609660381, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923926487909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1789609660369, updateTime=1789609660369, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923968430954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1789609660379, updateTime=1789609660379, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923913904996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1789609660366, updateTime=1789609660366, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923943265127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1789609660373, updateTime=1789609660373, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1307280923951653736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=.style-1 .main-menu ul>li { margin-right: 18px; }, createTime=1789609660375, updateTime=1789609660375, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1218204520857915865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1768372190918, updateTime=1768372190918, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520841138646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1768372190914, updateTime=1768372190914, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520874693084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1768372190922, updateTime=1768372190922, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520828555733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1768372190911, updateTime=1768372190911, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520887275998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1768372190925, updateTime=1768372190925, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520853721560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1768372190917, updateTime=1768372190917, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520883081693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1768372190924, updateTime=1768372190924, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520845332951, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1768372190915, updateTime=1768372190915, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520866304474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1768372190920, updateTime=1768372190920, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1218204520870498779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=.style-1 .main-menu ul>li { margin-right: 15px; }, createTime=1768372190921, updateTime=1768372190921, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=IcKGK23kpfWlBK6GqYtS5g==, journalPhotoEn=UzifuamzuAk3uXMVSOtdyA==, journalFirstLetter=R, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1771948800000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
梯级火储集成系统设计及其调频基础研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
丁煊涛 1 , 范庆伟 2
热力发电 | 储能系统耦合火电机组调峰调频技术 2026,55(2): 108-116
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 |储能系统耦合火电机组调峰调频技术 2026 , 55 (2) : 108 -116
梯级火储集成系统设计及其调频基础研究
全屏
[Author(id=1295064816423563462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1527871845@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816520032456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816423563462, language=EN, stringName=Xuantao DING, firstName=Xuantao, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.North United Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816591335625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816423563462, language=CN, stringName=丁煊涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000, bio={"content":"

丁煊涛(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火力发电系统、熔盐储能,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

丁煊涛(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火力发电系统、熔盐储能,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295064816222236863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816230625472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816222236863, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.North United Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816234819777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816222236863, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000)])]), Author(id=1295064816683610315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816771690701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816683610315, language=EN, stringName=Qingwei FAN, firstName=Qingwei, middleName=null, lastName=FAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1295064816855576782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, authorId=1295064816683610315, language=CN, stringName=范庆伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1295064816322900162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816343871683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816322900162, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1295064816352260292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064811793051821, companyId=1295064816322900162, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])])]
丁煊涛1 , 范庆伟2
作者信息
  • 1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
作者简介:

丁煊涛(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为火力发电系统、熔盐储能,

Design of a cascaded thermal-storage-integrated system and fundamental research on its frequency-regulation performance
Xuantao DING1 , Qingwei FAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.North United Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010000, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050
文章导航
收藏切换
【目的】

在全球能源结构转型与“双碳”战略目标驱动下,提升火电机组灵活性已成为增强电网新能源消纳能力的关键路径。为提升火电机组调频灵活性并解决熔盐-蒸汽换热过程中的夹点问题,提出一种与亚临界机组耦合的三罐式梯级熔盐储热集成方案。

【方法】

基于EBSILON平台构建了330 MW机组稳态模型,并嵌入高-中-低温熔盐储释热回路,通过主蒸汽及给水旁路实现锅炉-汽轮机部分解耦。

【结果】

仿真结果表明:该系统循环电效率在100%THA工况下可达63.51%;集成系统在各工况的热备用工作状态下热耗率增幅仅约1%,而在40%THA、5%Pe调频深度下为13.2%;调频引发的煤耗增量随调频深度加大呈指数增长,为界定经济性运行死区提供了依据。

【结论】

该梯级储热结构在维持蒸汽品位的同时,显著提升了机组负荷响应速率与调频能力,为高比例新能源电力系统中火电机组的灵活性改造提供了理论支撑与工程设计范式。

熔盐储热系统  /  灵活性改造  /  储能  /  换热夹点  /  EBSILON建模仿真
[Objective]

Driven by the global energy transition and the “dual-carbon” goals, enhancing the operational flexibility of coal-fired units has become pivotal for improving the grid’s renewable energy accommodation capacity. To enhance the frequency-regulation flexibility of coal-fired units and address the pinch-point bottleneck in molten-salt/steam heat exchange, this study proposes a three-tank cascaded thermal energy storage (TES) system integrated with a subcritical unit.

[Methods]

A steady-state model of a 330 MW unit was developed in EBSILON. It incorporated high-, intermediate-, and low-temperature molten-salt loops, and achieved partial boiler-turbine decoupling via main-steam and feedwater bypass circuits.

[Results]

The simulation results indicate that the cycle electric efficiency reached 63.51% at 100% THA; the heat rate increase of the integrated system was about 1% in hot standby working state of each working condition, and 13.2% at 40% THA with a 5%Pe regulation depth; the coal consumption penalty grew exponentially with regulation depth, providing a basis for defining an economic dead band.

[Conclusion]

The cascaded TES structure preserves steam exergy while significantly improving load-response rate and frequency-regulation capability, offering both theoretical insights and a practical design paradigm for flexibility retrofits of coal-fired units in power systems with high renewable penetration.

molten-salt thermal energy storage system  /  flexibility retrofitting  /  energy storage  /  heat-exchange pinch point  /  EBSILON-based modelling and simulation
丁煊涛, 范庆伟. 梯级火储集成系统设计及其调频基础研究. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (2) : 108 -116 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050
Xuantao DING, Qingwei FAN. Design of a cascaded thermal-storage-integrated system and fundamental research on its frequency-regulation performance[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (2) : 108 -116 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050
在我国“双碳”战略目标下,为减小对传统化石能源的依赖,保障国家能源安全,亟须深化能源结构改革,构建以新能源为主体的电力供给系统。截至2024年[1],我国电力系统已呈现显著的绿色转型特征:发电装机总量突破33.5亿千瓦,其中清洁能源装机占比达57.0%,特别是太阳能装机以45.2%的增速跃居全球首位,风电装机突破5亿千瓦大关,标志着可再生能源进入规模化发展阶段。然而,电力系统运行层面仍存在结构性矛盾亟待破解。数据显示[1-3],尽管清洁能源装机占比过半,其实际发电贡献率仅为33.6%,与火电67.4%的发电量占比形成显著落差。这种装机-发电量倒挂现象,暴露出新能源消纳瓶颈与系统调节能力不足的双重困境。
为确保新能源电力的高消纳比例,“十四五”期间火电机组承担了非常巨大的调峰任务[4],发挥了重要作用。这期间,火电机组深度调峰潜力被充分挖掘,单机负荷调节幅度得到极大提升,基本完成了火电机组灵活性运行政策对调峰能力的要求。但是,受自身热力特性的制约,火电机组在全负荷段内的负荷响应速率仍维持在较低水平,约为1.5%Pe/min以下,尤其在深度调峰运行模式下其响应速率更低[5],亟需对提升机组爬坡能力进行深入研究,提出合理有效的解决方案。
热力储能系统耦合火电机组通过锅炉-汽轮机间的刚性热力解耦,可突破传统机组爬坡率限制,在持续的爬坡作业中维持锅炉侧高效稳态燃烧,同时抑制主蒸汽温度波动。熔盐储热技术[6]具有储能温度高、储热周期长、寿命长等优点,近年来已成为火电机组灵活性改造研究的热点之一[7]。刘金恺等[8]提出的熔盐储热辅助调峰设计方案以加热给水为主要放热方案,利用中压缸排汽抽汽加热熔盐,具有最高的系统效率和经济性。电加热方式具有最大调峰容量,但会造成大量㶲损,如苗林等[9]构建的电加热熔盐储热集成燃煤发电系统就存在这一问题。对比高压缸入口和出口抽汽蓄热方案,高品位主蒸汽抽汽会导致低热效率、低㶲效率和高煤耗率。苗林等[10]通过对比分析高、中、低压缸注汽和加热给水旁路等不同释热方案发现,高压缸注汽方案的功率增量显著高于其他方案。另外,熔盐加热品位越高的工质,能量转换效率越高,张祝等[11]设计的利用蒸汽引射器调配再热器蒸汽入口流量等储-释能方案表明,利用高参数蒸汽是高效集成系统的设计选择。此外,还有学者分析了电加热[12]、蒸汽加热[13]等储热技术对集成系统性能的影响规律,讨论了储热系统设计在罐体、熔盐类型选择[14-16]等方面的优势,研究结果证明了熔盐储热耦合火电机组在经济性[17-18]和耦合技术[19-20]的可行性和优势。
熔盐储能系统与火电机组集成的核心在于热量交换效率,尤其是熔盐与水、蒸汽在换热器内的传热特性。董新宇等[21]的实验研究表明,熔盐横向冲刷管内时,热流密度与熔盐流量呈正相关,且水侧干度、压力及熔盐入口温度对总传热系数影响显著。户雯婷等[22]建立了电制热熔盐储热发电系统的动态响应模型,对熔盐温度、流量和主蒸汽调节阀开度进行阶跃扰动分析,为熔盐储能系统集成火电机组设计时评估不同运行参数对系统性能的影响提供了重要参考。
储能瞬时出力需通过蒸汽流量快速变化实现调频,但熔盐-蒸汽换热器的夹点温差可能导致换热过程限制,热量交换无法达到调频功率需求。范庆伟等[23]提出了一种“多罐-多换热器”的新型储热系统,实现了工业供汽火电机组的热电解耦,降低了储热和放热过程中的能耗损失。宋晓辉等[24]提出的高、低温熔盐储热组合方式能有效克服单种熔盐工作温度受限的问题,增强燃煤机组的调峰能力和循环效率。
上述研究集中在提升机组的调峰能力或热电解耦领域,未涉及熔盐-蒸汽换热特性与机组负荷响应速率变化。对此,本文假设火电厂关键设备满足调频需求的响应速度(具体控制策略和高温熔盐换热器性能实现可见文献[25-26]),提出一种面向调频应用的三罐梯级储热系统结构,采用高参数蒸汽旁路和高、低压给水旁路等作为循环耦合路径匹配熔盐-蒸汽换热在温度与流量维度上的不协调性,通过优化熔盐温区与流量匹配,从根本上规避了换热夹点限制,确保调频所需的热功率传输能力;明确了该系统在提升负荷响应速率方面的潜力,并量化分析了其在不同运行工况下的储热系统循环电效率、集成系统热耗率、热效率等热力性能及热经济变化规律,旨在为灵活性改造提供兼具技术可行性和经济合理性的设计新思路。
利用EBSILON平台搭建火电机组模块、储热模块耦合系统模型。在模型仿真计算工程中,进行下述简化处理:
1)搭建的仿真模型处于稳态运行;
2)模型处于绝热状态,忽略环境换热;
3)典型负荷下忽略模型组件机械效率变化;
4)熔盐为理想混合物,热物性仅与温度有关。
以内蒙古自治区某330 MW亚临界燃煤机组为例,回热系统为两级高压加热器(高加)、四级低压加热器(低加)和一级除氧器的标准配置。储热模块与机组耦合按“炉-储热(部分旁路)-机”方式设计,储热模块工质为熔盐,其与锅炉、汽轮机系统以蒸汽为耦合工质。
热力特性模型在THA工况下的设计参数、模拟计算结果及计算误差如表1所示。可以看出,模拟计算结果与机组设计参数的相对误差不超过1%,表明该模型可较准确地模拟和预测机组的热力特性。进一步,以此模型为基础进行耦合系统模型搭建和模拟计算分析。
本文选用的熔盐是EBSILON材料库Hitec2018(142~593 ℃),考虑蒸汽与熔盐热物性,熔盐安全工作温度范围设置在220~530 ℃。图1为蒸汽或给水与选型熔盐换热Q-T图,最小端点温差、夹点温差5.0 ℃,单位换热量为1 000 kW·h。
图1a)可知,熔盐蓄热过程中近70%热量由蒸汽相变及余热段提供。主蒸汽抽汽流量与熔盐流量比为1:8,再热蒸汽抽汽流量于熔盐流量比为1:51,为合理利用蒸汽能量和提高熔盐效率,蓄热热源采用主蒸汽,换热后降压并入除氧器出口。
图1a)、图1b)显示,在换热端点处,熔盐工作温度因夹点限制物理换热进程,最后不能达到目标设计温度,在不考虑利用㶲损大的电加热方式下,本文提出的储能模块设计为3个温度恒定的高、中、低温储罐系统,通过两路熔盐流量匹配因主蒸汽冷凝相变导致的温度-热量偏差,规避夹点问题,其换热过程如图1c)所示(中间温度设定380 ℃)。
为避免熔盐在某罐体发生堆积,需要平衡储热罐间蒸汽换热模块和蒸汽发生模块的高、低温路熔盐流量比例,蒸汽发生模块抽水水源分为高压给水和低压给水,产出蒸汽分别为高压缸和低压缸供汽,通过改变高低压给水流量和比例达到熔盐流量匹配效果,其换热过程如图1d)所示。
按照梯级储热系统设计思路和机组汽水回路耦合原则,利用EBSILON建立火电机组集成梯级储热系统稳态计算模型,如图2所示。
当机组有降负荷需求时:从主蒸汽旁路抽取的蒸汽加热熔盐蓄热,进入汽轮机的蒸汽流量减少,机组输出功率降低;主蒸汽旁路抽汽冷凝放热后形成的疏水从除氧器回到回热系统;低温罐熔盐吸收疏水余热和蒸汽潜热后汇入中温罐储存,中温罐熔盐吸收蒸汽从过热态到接近饱和态放出的热量后汇入高温罐储存。
当机组有升负荷需求时:高、低压给水旁路进入多级换热器吸收熔盐释放的热量,蒸发出的过热蒸汽汇入高压缸和低压缸做功,由于蒸汽流量增加,机组输出功率增加,实现快速升负荷;熔盐从高温罐和中温罐放热后分别进入中温罐和低温罐储存。
机组调频性能源于汽轮机阶跃响应能力,在集成储能系统后,其核心能力在于蒸汽、给水和熔盐的流量阶跃能力,主要受流体机械特性、管道安全及驱动系统能力限制,而无需考虑锅炉方面的迟滞热惯性。《并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则》(GB/T 40595—2021)规定[27]:额定有功功率<350 MW的发电机组(含煤电、光热),一次调频功率变化幅度应不小于10%额定有功功率;火电/光热机组一次调频有功功率达到75%目标功率的时间应不大于15 s,上升时间应不大于30 s,有功功率的调节时间应不大于45 s;陈羽飞等[28]对调频控制方法的研究证明机组汽水侧和熔盐的流量提升速率足以支撑10%Pe的阶跃扰动。
目前,内蒙古自治区辅助服务市场对煤粉炉的自动控制调节(AGC)速率要求在1.5%Pe/min;庞力平等[29]在熔盐系统储放热对灵活性提升的扰动响应仿真中发现,储能补丁的加入将汽轮机响应速度提高到6.7%Pe。在本研究中,假设煤电机组汽水和熔盐传输设备满足对应的阶跃响应能力,将爬坡目标设定在3%Pe和5%Pe,汽水旁路和熔盐的额定流量选择支撑10%Pe和10%的安全裕度。You等人[30]研究发现,泵启方式和泵启时间对管道安全具有显著影响;Ali等人[31]将相变储热系统设计为换热器形式,可依据需求灵活快速调控升降负荷。本文设计的熔盐储能系统在非调频调峰工作运行期间采用小流量的热备用工作模式,为瞬时响应、调峰调频作业预备热启动状态,流量选择10%额定流量。
采用储热系统循环电效率、热耗率和储能工作煤耗差作为集成系统性能评价指标。
耦合系统在机组负荷降低时,储热系统吸热量Q1,发电机功率减少W1;机组负荷升高时,储热系统放热Q2,发电机功率减少W2。其中储热系统储、放热总量满足关系:
Q1=t1t2Pindt=t3t4Poutdt=Q2
式中:Pin为储能系统蓄热侧热功率,kW;Pout为储能系统放热侧热功率,kW;t1t2为储热时段,t3t4为放热时段。
耦合系统循环电效率是储能系统在满足式(1)情况下释放的有效总电能和储存机组耗能的比值,反映储能系统对机组电能储释的综合能力:
ηEC=t3t4ΔPupdtt1t2ΔPdowndt×100%
式中:ΔPdown为储能时机组输出下降功率,kW;ΔPup为储能系统放电时机组输出增加功率,kW。
耦合系统热耗率定义为集成系统单位发电量消耗的锅炉产汽能量,其中,储热系统的热量交换不计入热耗率计算中:
q=t1t2Qsteamdtt1t2PGdt+t1t2ΔPdt
式中:PG为案例工况下的发电机功率,kW;Qsteam为锅炉产生的蒸汽的热负荷,kW;ΔP为储热系统为发电机提供或消耗的电功率,kW。
耦合系统与原系统的能耗水平对比按式(4)计算:
RRCCR=qqo
式中:qo表示原机组热耗率,kJ/(kW·h)。
系统储放热平衡周期的调频工作将满足式(1),鉴于稳态工况下PinPout为常数,则储放时间满足关系式:
Δt1=t1t2dt=PoutPint3t4dt=PoutPinΔt2=nΔt2
式中:Δt1为储热时间,min;Δt2为放热时间,min;n为平衡周期内储、放热工作时间比。
在平衡周期内系统煤耗变化按式(6)计算:
ΔC=(qq)n+(qq)H
式中:qq′分别表示原机组与集成系统在发电机运行功率相同时的热耗率,kJ/(kW·h);H为标准煤热值,28 kJ/g。
研究本文设计集成系统在典型工况下不同调节容量的储释稳态平衡,其中集成模型在75%THA工况下升降3%Pe的关键节点的仿真值如表2所示。
图3图4分别是选取的75%THA工况下耦合系统降负荷3%Pe(储热)和升负荷3%Pe(放热)储热系统稳态热力参数图。
因主蒸汽蓄热进出口参数一致,中间罐温度固定,图3图4各路高低温熔盐流量比值是一恒定值,可作为系统内熔盐平衡的控制约束条件:
QC,DWQC,GW=QF,DWQF,GW=3.53
式中:QC,DW为储热侧低温熔盐流量,t/h;QC,GW为储热侧高温熔盐流量,t/h;QF,DW为放热侧低温熔盐流量,t/h;QF,GW为放热侧高温熔盐流量,t/h。
在式(2)的基础上,将算例约束在同一容量的储释工况,同时满足式(1)及其变化式(5),储热系统稳态下循环电效率可简化为:
ηET=ΔPupΔt2ΔPdownΔt1=ΔPupPinΔPdownPout×100%
图5为储热系统各工况的循环电效率。由图5可见:集成系统循环电效率主要受储释作业时机组负荷的影响:越接近设计工况运行,循环电效率越高,在56.32%~63.51%。这主要是因为机组本身在额定工况下的热效率最高,储释过程中的相对损失减少。本案例中的定压运行机组在高、低负荷工况下抽汽、注汽参数均一致,在熔盐释热时产生的蒸汽做功能力相同。从热力学第二定律角度看,低负荷下热耗率增幅更大,是因为抽汽导致的㶲损占机组总发电㶲的比例升高。
相较于原机组,集成系统热耗率在储热状态下升高,部分热量由熔盐存储;在放热时存储热量从熔盐注入汽水系统,热耗率下降,如图6所示。
图6可以看出:越接近机组额定工况运行,集成系统热耗率与原机组差距越小,最大不超过15%,在文中各工况下的热备用工作状态下热耗率增幅仅为0.5%~1.2%;若负荷变化速率继续增大,集成系统热耗率绝对差值将持续升高。按图6趋势,更深的降负荷调节将导致更高的热耗,最高相对热耗率是40%THA负荷储能5%Pe工况的1.132倍;而放热模式的升负荷调节则是减少热耗的收益性作业。在低负荷下,抽汽对机组循环的扰动更大,且机组自身热效率较低,导致额外热耗率的增幅更加显著。调负荷深度和运行负荷是影响热耗率变化幅度的2个关键因素。由此可根据导致机组经济性大幅下降的热耗率极限,为储热系统设计储热作业死区边界条件。
根据式(6)可得到在热平衡周期工作中所消耗的综合煤耗差异,如图7所示。按图7所示煤耗差异,从经济性角度出发,调频作业在满足考核标准的情况下尽可能减少低负荷下大速率变化。
集成系统的核心优势在于通过热力解耦突破锅炉惯性限制,显著提升机组负荷响应能力。传统亚临界机组负荷响应速率通常低于1.5%Pe/min。本文所提方案通过旁路系统与熔盐储热的协同控制,将负荷变化的本质转变为蒸汽/给水流量及熔盐流量的调节过程。仿真分析表明,在假设流体输送系统满足要求的前提下,集成系统的理论负荷响应速率(含锅炉)可提升至6%Pe/min以上,是传统机组的4倍。此外,如图6图7所示,系统在40%THA深度调峰工况下仍能提供5%Pe的调频容量。
从经济性角度初步分析,集成系统的成本主要包括熔盐、储罐、换热器及管道等初始投资成本以及运行中的额外煤耗成本。仿真结果表明,在额定工况附近进行调频,煤耗增幅较小;而在低负荷下进行大深度调节,煤耗增量呈指数增长,经济性较差。因此,在实际运行中,需根据实时电价、煤价与辅助服务补偿价格,划定一个“经济性死区”,避免在低负荷高调频深度区域运行,以平衡投资回报与运行成本。参考高彦洁等[32]在灵活性改造中关于煤耗及设备损耗等的计算标准,煤耗增量最大在60 g/(kW·h)处于可接受范围,运行收益是运行成本的4~6倍,辅助服务收益明显。后续研究将围绕设备投资估算与全生命周期成本效益展开深入分析。
本文围绕提升火电机组调频灵活性与解决熔盐-蒸汽换热过程中的夹点瓶颈问题,提出了一种与亚临界机组耦合的三罐式梯级熔盐储热集成方案。基于EBSILON平台构建了330 MW机组稳态模型,嵌入高-中-低温熔盐储释热回路,通过主蒸汽及给水旁路实现锅炉-汽轮机的部分解耦,系统研究了其热力性能与调频能力。主要结论如下:
1)所提出的梯级熔盐储热系统通过多罐温区设置与流量匹配策略,有效规避了换热夹点限制,实现了高效、稳定的储热与释热过程。系统在100%THA工况下的循环电效率可达63.51%,显示出良好的能量转换性能。
2)集成系统在各工况的热备用状态下热耗率增幅仅为约1%,表明在高效负荷区间运行时的经济性影响较小;而在40%THA工况下进行5%Pe的调频作业时,热耗率增幅达13.2%,提示低负荷深度调频将带来显著的能耗代价。
3)调频引发的煤耗增量随调频深度呈指数增长,尤其在低负荷条件下更为显著。该趋势为界定系统经济性运行死区提供了重要依据,建议在实际调度中结合电价与辅助服务补偿机制优化运行策略。
4)该系统通过热力解耦显著提升了机组负荷响应能力,理论响应速率可提升至6%Pe/min,约为传统机组的4倍,具备较强的快速调频与爬坡能力。
5)本研究为高比例新能源接入背景下火电机组的灵活性改造提供了系统化的设计方法与理论支撑,兼具技术可行性与经济合理性,对推动电力系统绿色低碳转型具有积极意义。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
国家能源局. 国家能源局发布2024年全国电力工业统计数据[EB/OL]. (2025-01-21) [2025-08-22]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250121/097bfd7c1cd3498897639857d86d5dac/c.html.
National Energy Administration. The National Energy Administration releases statistical data on the national power industry for 2024[EB/OL]. (2025-01-21) [2025-08-20]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/20250121/097bfd7c1cd3498897639857d86d5dac/c.html.
[2]
中国电力企业联合会. 2024—2025年度全国电力供需形势分析预测报告[EB/OL]. (2025-01-26) [2025-08-20]. http://www.chinapower.com.cn/zx/zxbg/20250205/275937.html.
China Electricity Council. Analysis and forecast report on national power supply and demand for 2024—2025[EB/OL]. (2025-01-26) [2025-08-20]. http://www.chinapower.com.cn/zx/zxbg/20250205/275937.html.
[3]
国家统计局. 2024年12月份能源生产情况[EB/OL]. (2025-01-17) [2025-08-20]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202501/t20250117_1958326.html.
National Bureau of Statistics. Energy production in December 2024[EB/OL]. (2025-01-17) [2025-08-20]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/zxfb/202501/t20250117_1958326.html.
[4]
中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要[N]. 人民日报,2021-03-13(1).
Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for national economic and social development and long-range objectives through the year 2035 of the People’s Republic of China[N]. People’s Daily, 2021-03-13(1).
[5]
刘云. 我国能源电力发展及火电机组灵活性改造综述[J]. 洁净煤技术2023, 29 (增刊2): 319-27.
LIU Yun. A summary of the development of china's energy and electricity and the flexibility improvement of fossil-fired power units[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2023, 29(Suppl.2): 319-327.
[6]
ROPER R, HARKEMA M, SABHARWALL P, et al. Molten salt for advanced energy applications: a review[J]. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 2022, 169: 108924.
[7]
崔吉祥,孟凡星,孙耀芹,. 基于Cite Space与VOSviewer的熔盐储能研究可视化分析[J]. 节能202443(5):103-106.
CUI Jixiang, MENG Fanxing, SUN Yaoqin, et al. Visualization analysis of molten salt energy storage research based on cite space and VOSviewer[J]. Energy Conservation, 2024, 43(5): 103-106.
[8]
刘金恺,鹿院卫,魏海姣,. 熔盐储热辅助燃煤机组调峰系统设计及性能对比[J]. 热力发电202352(2):111-118.
LIU Jinkai, LU Yuanwei, WEI Haijiao, et al. Design and performance comparison of molten salt thermal energy storage assisted peak shaving system for fossil-fired power units[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(2): 111-118.
[9]
苗林,刘明,张可臻,. 集成电制热熔盐储热的燃煤发电系统热力性能研究[J]. 工程热物理学报202344(11):2999-3007.
MIAO Lin, LIU Ming, ZHANG Kezhen, et al. Research on thermodynamic performance of fossil-fired power generation system integrated with electrothermal molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2023, 44(11): 2999-3007.
[10]
苗林,刘明,严俊杰. 燃煤机组集成熔盐储热系统释热过程的灵活性提升潜力及能效分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报202545(15):5964-5976.
MIAO Lin, LIU Ming, YAN Junjie. Potential for flexibility improvement and energy efficiency analysis of the heat release process in fossil-fired power units integrated with molten salt thermal energy storage system[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(15): 5964-5976.
[11]
张祝,陈国庆,周小明,. 670 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储能系统方案设计及性能分析[J]. 热力发电202453(3):89-98.
ZHANG Zhu, CHEN Guoqing, ZHOU Xiaoming, et al. Design and performance analysis of 670 MW fossil-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(3): 89-98.
[12]
马汀山,王伟,王东晔,. 基于熔盐储热辅助煤电机组深度调峰的系统设计及容量计算方法研究[J]. 热力发电202352(7):113-118.
MA Tingshan, WANG Wei, WANG Dongye, et al. Research on system design and capacity calculation method of deep peak shaving for coal-fired power units assisted by molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 113-118.
[13]
彭家辉,倪永中,王元良,. 基于熔盐储热的燃煤机组调峰可行性分析[J]. 热力发电202453(1):99-106.
PENG Jiahui, NI Yongzhong, WANG Yuanliang, et al. Feasibility analysis of peak shaving for coal-fired power units based on molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(1): 99-106.
[14]
易自砚,李红星,何邵华,. 太阳能热发电站高温熔盐罐基础设计关键参数研究[J]. 太阳能学报202546(2):464-469.
YI Ziyan, LI Hongxing, HE Shaohua, et al. Key parameters for foundation design of high-temperature molten-salt storage tanks in solar thermal power plants[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2025, 46(2): 464-469.
[15]
ISMAIL I, WIDODO Y I, RAHMAN R A. Charge assessment for nitrate-based salt as a phase change material for a medium-temperature latent storage tank[J]. Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 52-61.
[16]
LI N, WANG Y, LIU Q, et al. Evaluation of thermalphysical properties of novel multicomponent molten nitrate salts for heat transfer and storage[J]. Energies, 2022, 15(18): 6591.
[17]
巩志强,韩悦,徐明新,. 煤电耦合熔盐储热调峰的技术经济性研究[J]. 洁净煤技术202531(8):200-209.
GONG Zhiqiang, HAN Yue, XU Mingxin, et al. Technical and economic research on peak shaving of coal-fired power coupled with molten salt thermal energy storage[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2025, 31(8): 200-209.
[18]
李洪波,王顺,景锐,. 熔盐储热系统对火电机组热经济性和调峰性能的影响[J]. 西安工程大学学报202438(5):93-101.
LI Hongbo, WANG Shun, JING Rui, et al. Influence of molten salt thermal energy storage system on thermal economy and peak shaving performance of thermal power units[J]. Journal of Xi'an Polytechnic University, 2024, 38(5): 93-101.
[19]
MA T S, LI Z K, LV K, et al. Design and performance analysis of deep peak shaving scheme for thermal power units based on high-temperature molten salt heat storage system[J]. Energy, 2024, 288: 129557.
[20]
REN B, ZHU C, LI B, et al. Thermal-mechanical coupling characteristics of large-scale molten salt storage tanks under stable operating conditions with varying liquid levels[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 100: 113697.
[21]
董新宇,张舒蕾,张宇轩,. 熔盐横向冲刷管内汽-液两相流传热特性实验研究[J]. 太阳能学报202344(7):241-247.
DONG Xinyu, ZHANG Shulei, ZHANG Yuxuan, et al. Experimental study on heat transfer characteristics of steam-liquid two-phase flow transversely flushed by molten salt in tubes[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2023, 44(7): 241-247.
[22]
户雯婷,刘明,张顺奇,. 电制热熔盐储热发电系统的动态特性分析[J]. 热力发电202554(9):25-34.
HU Wenting, LIU Ming, ZHANG Shunqi, et al. Dynamic characteristics analysis of electro-thermal molten-salt heat-storage power generation system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025, 54(9): 25-34.
[23]
范庆伟,居文平,黄嘉驷,. 基于储热过程的工业供汽机组热电解耦研究[J]. 汽轮机技术201961(3):221-223.
FAN Qingwei, JU Wenping, HUANG Jiasi, et al. Research on decoupling of heat and power of industrial steam supply unit based on heat storage process[J]. Turbine Technology, 2019, 61(3): 221-223.
[24]
宋晓辉,韩伟,王兴,. 基于高温熔盐储热系统的火电机组深度调峰方案对比及分析[J]. 热能动力工程202338(11):63-74.
SONG Xiaohui, HAN Wei, WANG Xing, et al. Comparison and analysis of deep peak shaving schemes for fossil-fired power units based on high-temperature molten salt thermal energy storage system[J]. Thermal Power Engineering, 2023, 38(11): 63-74.
[25]
张婉颖,王建东,魏梦瑶,. 基于机组出力变化量与最大调节速率关系的自动发电控制指令优化调度[J]. 科学技术与工程202424(1):238-244.
ZHANG Wanying, WANG Jiandong, WEI Mengyao, et al. Optimal AGC dispatch based on the relationship between output variation and maximum regulation rate of generating units[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2024, 24(1): 238-244.
[26]
陈玉爽. 高温熔盐及熔盐换热器传热特性的实验和模拟研究[D]. 上海:中国科学院大学,2021:1.
CHEN Yushuang. Experimental and numerical study on heat transfer characteristics of high-temperature molten salt and molten-salt heat exchangers[D]. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021: 1.
[27]
全国电网运行与控制标准化技术委员会. 并网电源一次调频技术规定及试验导则:GB/T 40595—2021[S]. 中国标准出版社,2021:1.
National Technical Committee on Power Grid Operation and Control. Technical rules and test guidelines for primary frequency regulation of grid-connected power sources: GB/T 40595—2021[S]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2021: 1.
[28]
陈羽飞,何永君,田晓鹏,. 熔盐储能火电机组自抗扰频率控制[J]. 热能动力工程2025, 40(1): 94-102.
CHEN Yufei, HE Yongjun, TIAN Xiaopeng, et al. Active Disturbance rejection frequency control of thermal power units with molten-salt thermal energy storage[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, 2025, 40(1): 94-102.
[29]
庞力平,张世刚,段立强. 高温熔盐储能提高二次再热机组灵活性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报202141(8):2682-2691.
PANG Liping, ZHANG Shigang, DUAN Liqiang. Improving flexibility of double-reheat units using high-temperature molten-salt thermal energy storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(8): 2682-2691.
[30]
YOU F, LAN Q. Study on staged start-up mitigation strategies for water hammer in large-scale centrifugal pump systems based on one-dimensional and three-dimensional coupled simulation[J]. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 2025, 18(7): 1906-1922.
[31]
ALI M, ALKAABI A K, ADDAD Y. Numerical investigation of a vertical triplex-tube latent heat storage/exchanger to achieve flexible operation of nuclear power plants[J]. International Journal of Energy Research, 2022, 46(3): 2970-2987.
[32]
高彦洁,张斯文,景雪晖,. 燃煤机组灵活性改造成本及效益分析[J]. 锅炉技术202455(5):65-71.
GAO Yanjie, ZHANG Siwen, JING Xuehui, et al. Cost-benefit analysis of flexibility retrofit for coal-fired power units[J]. Boiler Technology, 2024, 55(5): 65-71.
2026年第55卷第2期
PDF下载
279
134
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050
  • 接收时间:2025-08-22
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-22
  • 修回日期:2025-09-12
  • 录用日期:2025-09-25
基金
作者信息
    1.北方联合电力有限责任公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010000
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202508050
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏