Article(id=1295064700388139705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202505098, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746633600000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-08, revisedDate=1751472000000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-03, acceptedDate=1752163200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-07-11, onlineDate=1786697085710, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697085710, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697085710, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697085710, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1271501633826530070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='186', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781079212860, creator='ztmeta', updateTime=1786698917413, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072383149301815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072383149301816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=48, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064702221050554, articleId=1295064700388139705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Application of waste fan blades in engineering plastics field: experimental study, columnId=1295064621950464805, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on resource utilization of decommissioned wind and solar power equipment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the expansion of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) products market, its output increases year by year. At the same time, the amount of its waste also increases dramatically. The number of waste FRP will increase explosively in the next few years. To develop a new way for recycling waste FRP, the broken waste fan blade powder is investigated. Firstly, the morphology and structure of the waste fan blade powder are tested. Secondly, the waste fan blade powder is modified by liquid coupling agent KH-550 and liquid paraffin, and then mixed with polyethylene (PE). Finally, the mechanical properties of the obtained material are analyzed. The experimental results show that, the longitudinal shrinkage rate of the modified composite reduced by 49.85% compared with that of the conventional formula, and the tensile strength, elongation at break and simply supported beam impact strength increased by 66.11%, 21.58% and 42.72%, respectively

, authors=Jianfeng LIU1, Zeyang LIU2, Yang CHEN2, authorsList=Jianfeng LIU, Zeyang LIU, Yang CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Zeyang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064703626142405, articleId=1295064700388139705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=废旧风电叶片在工程塑料领域的应用实验, columnId=1295064622122431271, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=退役风光设备资源化利用专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着玻璃钢制品市场的不断扩大,其产量逐年上升,与此同时其废弃物数量也与日增,未来废弃玻璃钢的数量将会呈爆发趋势增长。为了开发废旧玻璃钢资源化利用新途径,对破碎的废旧风电叶片粉末开展研究,首先,对废旧风电叶片粉末的形貌及结构进行测试;然后,使用液体偶联剂KH-550和液体石蜡对废旧风电叶片粉末进行改性,并与聚乙烯(PE)进行混合;最后,对得到的材料进行力学性能分析。结果显示,改性后的复合材料与常规配方的材料相比,纵向回缩率降幅达49.85%,同时拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和简支梁冲击强度分别提升66.11%、21.58%、42.72%。

, authors=刘剑锋1, 刘泽阳2, 陈阳2, authorsList=刘剑锋, 刘泽阳, 陈阳, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘泽阳, authorNote=

刘剑锋(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘泽阳(1994),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,
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刘剑锋(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,

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刘剑锋(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,

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orderNo=2, keyword=工程塑料), Keyword(id=1295064706830590688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=资源化利用)], refs=[Reference(id=1295064708684473077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=66, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=武德涛, 柴树飞, 张国鹏, journalName=能源科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=武德涛,柴树飞,张国鹏. 废弃风电叶片材料的机械法回收及资源化利用技术研究[J]. 能源科技202422(1):66-70., articleTitle=废弃风电叶片材料的机械法回收及资源化利用技术研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064708755776246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=66, pageEnd=70, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WU Detao, CHAI Shufei, ZHANG Guopeng, journalName=Energy 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China Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics Industry Association, China Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics Industry Association, 2003: 524-525., articleTitle=Several reuse pathways for FRP waste, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064721162527523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=46, authorNames=吴伟, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴伟. 玄武岩筋废旧钢纤维混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究[D]. 武汉:武汉理工大学,2020:1., articleTitle=玄武岩筋废旧钢纤维混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064721238024996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=47, authorNames=WU Wei, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Wei. Experimental study on the flexural performance of basalt fiber reinforced waste steel fiber concrete beams[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University of Technology, 2020: 1., articleTitle=Experimental study on the flexural performance of basalt fiber reinforced waste steel fiber concrete beams, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064721317716773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=3, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=48, authorNames=李卫峰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李卫峰. 方钢管再生块体混凝土柱的受压和受剪性能试验与分析[D]. 广州:华南理工大学,2018:3., articleTitle=方钢管再生块体混凝土柱的受压和受剪性能试验与分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1295064721422574374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=3, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=49, authorNames=LI Weifeng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Weifeng. Experimental study and analysis on the compressive and shear performance of square steel tube recycled aggregate concrete columns[D]. 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language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Powder characterization diagram of waste wind turbine blades, figureFileSmall=gCZv8RNoH2npKDdMZmXYEQ==, figureFileBig=zbN4gQnNmor/O8LpAPXTeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064707040305890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=CN, label=图1, caption=废旧风电叶片粉末表征图, figureFileSmall=gCZv8RNoH2npKDdMZmXYEQ==, figureFileBig=zbN4gQnNmor/O8LpAPXTeA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064707241632483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=FTIR diagram of the waste fan blade powder, figureFileSmall=IGdh/d+j5UAKltDDDVSZgA==, figureFileBig=tJxs0f+sNQZCCS8d9BeNEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064707321324260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=CN, label=图2, caption=废旧风电叶片粉末红外谱图FTIR, figureFileSmall=IGdh/d+j5UAKltDDDVSZgA==, 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journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main instruments and equipment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称型号生产厂家
扫描电子显微镜SEMSUPRA 55蔡司
傅立叶变换显微红外光谱仪NICOLET 6700赛默飞世尔
差热—热重分析仪TGA/DSC 1梅特勒托利多
扫描电子显微镜SEMSUPRA 55蔡司
塑炼机LN-LT-9广东立拿实业
平板硫化机QLB-25D/Q江都市精诚测试仪器厂
双螺杆挤出机宁平挤出装备有限公司
电子万能试验机WDW-10济南东测试验机公司
简支梁冲击试验机XJJ-5T北京金盛鑫检测仪器有限公司
高速混合机XHS-50宁波市北仑通盛机械制造有限公司
), ArticleFig(id=1295064707984024300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

主要仪器设备

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称型号生产厂家
扫描电子显微镜SEMSUPRA 55蔡司
傅立叶变换显微红外光谱仪NICOLET 6700赛默飞世尔
差热—热重分析仪TGA/DSC 1梅特勒托利多
扫描电子显微镜SEMSUPRA 55蔡司
塑炼机LN-LT-9广东立拿实业
平板硫化机QLB-25D/Q江都市精诚测试仪器厂
双螺杆挤出机宁平挤出装备有限公司
电子万能试验机WDW-10济南东测试验机公司
简支梁冲击试验机XJJ-5T北京金盛鑫检测仪器有限公司
高速混合机XHS-50宁波市北仑通盛机械制造有限公司
), ArticleFig(id=1295064708072104685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Experimental raw materials and the parameters

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原料用途规格生产厂家
废旧风电叶片粉末填料0.016、0.050 mm国能(山东)能源环境有限公司
线性低密度聚乙烯树脂基体7 042中国石油化工集团有限公司
重质碳酸钙填料0.012 5 μm禹恩科技有限公司
KH-550偶联剂98%上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司
液体石蜡改性分析纯天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司
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实验原料及参数

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原料用途规格生产厂家
废旧风电叶片粉末填料0.016、0.050 mm国能(山东)能源环境有限公司
线性低密度聚乙烯树脂基体7 042中国石油化工集团有限公司
重质碳酸钙填料0.012 5 μm禹恩科技有限公司
KH-550偶联剂98%上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司
液体石蜡改性分析纯天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司
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Test results of the unmodified waste fan blades/PE

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废旧风电叶片粉末粒径/质量分数纵向回缩率/%拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%简支梁强度/(kJ·m–2
0.016 mm/10%1.9619.952737.50
0.016 mm/20%1.7918.251527.84
0.016 mm/30%1.2117.249620.34
0.016 mm/40%1.6212.245715.03
0.050 mm/10%1.9320.452038.24
0.050 mm/20%1.7819.151127.85
0.050 mm/30%1.1318.250219.59
0.050 mm/40%1.4211.746316.32
重质CaCO3/30%1.7712.146816.20
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未改性废旧风电叶片/PE实验结果

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废旧风电叶片粉末粒径/质量分数纵向回缩率/%拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%简支梁强度/(kJ·m–2
0.016 mm/10%1.9619.952737.50
0.016 mm/20%1.7918.251527.84
0.016 mm/30%1.2117.249620.34
0.016 mm/40%1.6212.245715.03
0.050 mm/10%1.9320.452038.24
0.050 mm/20%1.7819.151127.85
0.050 mm/30%1.1318.250219.59
0.050 mm/40%1.4211.746316.32
重质CaCO3/30%1.7712.146816.20
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Test results of the modified waste fan blades/PE

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废旧风电叶片粉末粒径/质量分数纵向回缩率/%拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%简支梁强度/(kJ·m–2
0.016 mm/10%1.7622.860444.55
0.016 mm/20%1.5821.459532.41
0.016 mm/30%0.9120.056924.21
0.016 mm/40%1.4419.554417.41
0.050 mm/10%1.7822.460644.62
0.050 mm/20%1.5421.259232.08
0.050 mm/30%0.9020.156923.12
0.050 mm/40%1.4119.854118.34
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改性废旧风电叶片/PE实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
废旧风电叶片粉末粒径/质量分数纵向回缩率/%拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%简支梁强度/(kJ·m–2
0.016 mm/10%1.7622.860444.55
0.016 mm/20%1.5821.459532.41
0.016 mm/30%0.9120.056924.21
0.016 mm/40%1.4419.554417.41
0.050 mm/10%1.7822.460644.62
0.050 mm/20%1.5421.259232.08
0.050 mm/30%0.9020.156923.12
0.050 mm/40%1.4119.854118.34
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Comparison of properties between the modified and unmodified composites

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废旧风电叶片粉末粒径/质量分数提升幅度
纵向回缩率拉伸强度断裂伸长率简支梁强度
0.016 mm/10%–10.2014.5714.6118.80
0.016 mm/20%–11.7317.5815.5316.42
0.016 mm/30%–24.7916.2814.7219.03
0.016 mm/40%–11.1159.8419.0415.83
0.050 mm/10%–7.779.8016.5416.68
0.050 mm/20%–13.4810.9915.8515.19
0.050 mm/30%–20.3510.4413.3518.02
0.050 mm/40%–0.7069.2316.8512.38
), ArticleFig(id=1295064708579615476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064700388139705, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

改性与未改性复合材料性能比较

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废旧风电叶片粉末粒径/质量分数提升幅度
纵向回缩率拉伸强度断裂伸长率简支梁强度
0.016 mm/10%–10.2014.5714.6118.80
0.016 mm/20%–11.7317.5815.5316.42
0.016 mm/30%–24.7916.2814.7219.03
0.016 mm/40%–11.1159.8419.0415.83
0.050 mm/10%–7.779.8016.5416.68
0.050 mm/20%–13.4810.9915.8515.19
0.050 mm/30%–20.3510.4413.3518.02
0.050 mm/40%–0.7069.2316.8512.38
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废旧风电叶片在工程塑料领域的应用实验
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刘剑锋 1 , 刘泽阳 2 , 陈阳 2
热力发电 | 退役风光设备资源化利用专题 2026,55(1): 48-55
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热力发电 |退役风光设备资源化利用专题 2026 , 55 (1) : 48 -55
废旧风电叶片在工程塑料领域的应用实验
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刘剑锋1 , 刘泽阳2 , 陈阳2
作者信息
  • 1.国能龙源环保有限公司,北京 100000
  • 2.国能(山东)能源环境有限公司,山东 济南 250000
通讯作者:
刘泽阳(1994),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,
作者简介:

刘剑锋(1994),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,

Application of waste fan blades in engineering plastics field: experimental study
Jianfeng LIU1 , Zeyang LIU2 , Yang CHEN2
Affiliations
  • 1.CHN Energy Longyuan Enmronmental Protection Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China
  • 2.Guoneng (Shandong) Energy & Environment Co., Ltd., Jinan 250000, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202505098
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随着玻璃钢制品市场的不断扩大,其产量逐年上升,与此同时其废弃物数量也与日增,未来废弃玻璃钢的数量将会呈爆发趋势增长。为了开发废旧玻璃钢资源化利用新途径,对破碎的废旧风电叶片粉末开展研究,首先,对废旧风电叶片粉末的形貌及结构进行测试;然后,使用液体偶联剂KH-550和液体石蜡对废旧风电叶片粉末进行改性,并与聚乙烯(PE)进行混合;最后,对得到的材料进行力学性能分析。结果显示,改性后的复合材料与常规配方的材料相比,纵向回缩率降幅达49.85%,同时拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和简支梁冲击强度分别提升66.11%、21.58%、42.72%。

废旧风电叶片  /  工程塑料  /  资源化利用

With the expansion of glass fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) products market, its output increases year by year. At the same time, the amount of its waste also increases dramatically. The number of waste FRP will increase explosively in the next few years. To develop a new way for recycling waste FRP, the broken waste fan blade powder is investigated. Firstly, the morphology and structure of the waste fan blade powder are tested. Secondly, the waste fan blade powder is modified by liquid coupling agent KH-550 and liquid paraffin, and then mixed with polyethylene (PE). Finally, the mechanical properties of the obtained material are analyzed. The experimental results show that, the longitudinal shrinkage rate of the modified composite reduced by 49.85% compared with that of the conventional formula, and the tensile strength, elongation at break and simply supported beam impact strength increased by 66.11%, 21.58% and 42.72%, respectively

waste fan blade  /  engineering plastics  /  resource recovery
刘剑锋, 刘泽阳, 陈阳. 废旧风电叶片在工程塑料领域的应用实验. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (1) : 48 -55 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202505098
Jianfeng LIU, Zeyang LIU, Yang CHEN. Application of waste fan blades in engineering plastics field: experimental study[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (1) : 48 -55 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202505098
随着全球对清洁能源需求的不断增长,风电产业得到了快速发展。风电叶片作为风力发电机组的关键部件,其设计使用寿命一般为20年[1-3],随着时间的推移,风电叶片将面临大规模退役,如何处置废弃风电叶片逐步成为全球各国亟需应对的重大挑战。作为纤维增强塑料的一种,风电叶片具有轻质高强、耐冲击、耐腐蚀、可塑性强等特点[4-6]。热固性材料的传统处理方法是掩埋和焚烧。风电叶片产品多为热固性材料,但风电叶片化学性质稳定,掩埋会占用大量土地,还有可能污染地下水,而焚烧产生的烟尘和有毒有害气体既污染环境又危害人体健康[7]。此外,填埋和焚烧处理还会造成严重的资源浪费,因此已被多数国家禁止[8]。因此,将废旧风电叶片进行回收再利用,成为解决该问题的有效手段。
目前,风电叶片的处理方式一般有堆放、焚烧、填埋和回收利用。随着“碳达峰、碳中和”目标的提出以及大量风电叶片的退役,前3种处理方式已经不再适用。风电叶片一般由热塑性复合材料、热固性纤维增强材料等成分组成。其中,热塑性材料能直接熔融再利用,操作过程简单,但热固性纤维增强材料难以回收。其原因主要为:1)热固性纤维复杂的组分,包含基体树脂、玻璃纤维、无机填料和各类添加剂;2)热固性树脂一旦成型,其结构会从线性变为三维网状交联聚乙烯,再次加热不能重塑,难以回收[9-11]
目前,废旧风电叶片回收利用技术主要包括机械回收法、热解回收法和化学回收法[12]。机械回收法利用专用设备对废旧风电叶片进行破碎处理,获得基体树脂粉末和玻璃纤维混合物,将混合物作为填料填充塑料、建筑材料等[13-16]。热解回收法将叶片复合材料中的树脂在缺氧的低温环境中发生热裂解,产品中的热解油气可作为燃料和化工原料,并回收其中的玻璃纤维[16-20]。化学回收法用溶剂(催化剂或添加剂)在特定的温度和压力下降解树脂,从而将树脂的网状聚合物交联链结构转化为线性聚合物交联链结构,并回收其中高价值产物[21-25]
本文为废旧风电叶片寻求经济可行、环境友好的处理方式,实现无害化和资源化利用,结合机械法与化学法首先将废旧风电叶片破碎至0.016~0.050 mm,再与塑料复合制成塑料制品,通过循环使用资源减少对自然资源的依赖。
废旧风电叶片粉末粒径及其分布、微观形貌等特征,直接影响其资源化过程中产品的加工性能与资源化产品质量。故在废旧风电叶片粉末资源化利用之前,首先对其进行性能表征。实验主要仪器设备见表1
选取0.016、0.050 mm废旧风电叶片粉末,外观呈白灰色,图1为SEM微观表征图。废旧风电叶片粉末主要是由树脂基体和废旧玻纤组成。从图1可见,玻璃纤维表面粗糙,附着树脂颗粒,这赋予废旧风电叶片粉末一定的疏水性,为其在聚乙烯树脂(PE)基体中良好的润湿分散提供可能。粉末中大多是形态不一的单根玻璃纤维,大小不一的树脂颗粒也呈无规状态散落在纤维束之间或表面。玻璃纤维粉末的目数越大则玻璃纤维长度越短,对复合材料的强度提升就越不利。但细粉末能使再生产品更加均匀,有利于性能提升,因此,需要研究废旧风电叶片粉末的粒径对复合材料性能的影响。
填料与基体界面的结合强度是复合材料性能的决定性因素。废旧风电叶片粉末的表面官能团类型对于选择基体具有重要意义,因而有必要分析表征风电叶片粉末成分结构。利用红外谱图FTIR吸收带的波长位置与强度对其进行定性分析,图2为废旧风电叶片粉末红外谱图FTIR。
图2可以看出:2 800、2 967 cm–1处为环氧树脂饱和C-H键伸缩振动;1 607、1 509 cm–1处为苯环特征吸收振动峰(苯环的C-C伸缩振动);1 037 cm–1处为连接在苯环上的醚类C-O-C键伸缩振动;829 cm–1处为苯环上C-H键的弯曲振动。从红外谱图FTIR中可以看出废旧风电叶片粉末应该是双酚A类环氧树脂。
图3为废旧风电叶片粉末热重分析(TG)。通过测量室温到700 ℃区间内材料的失重情况,评价材料的热稳定性以及分析废旧风电叶片粉末中玻纤的含量。
图3可见:废旧风电叶片粉末在280 ℃左右开始分解,这可能归因于废旧风电叶片粉末中树脂和其他助剂开始分解;500 ℃左右热重曲线趋于平衡,说明结构坍塌完全,只剩下玻璃纤维。
根据热重曲线就可以计算得出废旧风电叶片粉末中玻璃纤维的含量。由于废旧风电叶片粉末在700 ℃煅烧后的最终固体残留物为玻璃纤维,以纯废旧风电叶片粉末为例,根据谱图中计算得出的数据,残留质量占比为71.13%,说明本研究中废旧风电叶片粉末中玻璃纤维质量分数为71.13%。
实验过程中用的主要原料见表2
废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料测试样条制备:将不同粒径0.016、0.050 mm废旧风电叶片粉末和其他助剂加入高速搅拌机搅拌15 min,得到混合料;将混合料加入至双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的各段温度为150~180 ℃,螺杆转速为18 r/min;冷却切粒得到50%(质量分数,下同)废旧风电叶片母粒,将母粒与聚乙烯PE粉料按废旧风电叶片质量分数10%、20%、30%、40%比例混合后,在塑炼机中混合塑炼,塑炼均匀后取出物料,放置平板硫化机热压,冷却后制备测试样条。
改性废旧风电叶片粉末/PE复合材料测试样条制备:将不同粒径0.016、0.050 mm废旧风电叶片粉末加入高速搅拌机预热2 min,均匀加入液体偶联剂KH-550和液体石蜡,搅拌10 min,使废旧风电叶片粉末在高速搅拌剪切摩擦生热下进行表面预处理,再加入配方表中相容剂和其他固体原料,高速搅拌10~20 min,得到混合料;将上述混合料加入双螺杆挤出机,控制双螺杆挤出机的各段温度为150~180 ℃,螺杆转速为18 r/min;冷却切粒得到50%改性废旧风电叶片/PE材料母粒,将母粒与聚乙烯PE粉料按改性废旧风电叶片质量分数为10%、20%、30%混合后在塑炼机中混合塑炼,塑炼均匀后取出物料,放置平板硫化机热压,冷却后制备测试样条。
SEM微观表征:将做简支梁实验的冲断样品进行断面喷金,采用扫描电子显微镜观察断面形貌。
力学性能测试:拉伸强度及断裂伸长率检测按GB/T 1040.2—2006进行;纵向回缩率按照GB/T 6671—2001进行;冲击性能实验使用悬臂梁冲击试验机,按GB/T 1843—2008进行。
考察废旧风电叶片和改性叶片粉末不同粒径和质量分数对复合材料的力学性能影响,实验结果见表3表4。从表3可见,随着废旧风电叶片粉末质量分数的上升,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、简支梁强度均逐渐下降,纵向的回缩率降低,但与同等比例的重质CaCO3(主要成分为碳酸钙CaCO3,通常纯度较高,可达95%以上,甚至98%以上)相比较,各种性能均有提升。
从改性废旧风电叶片粉末填充质量分数对复合材料的力学性能影响看,随着改性废旧风电叶片粉末质量分数的不断增加,样品的纵向回缩率逐渐变小,当质量分数为30%时纵向回缩率最小,当质量分数继续增加至40%时,纵向回缩率反而增加。这可能是由于过量的风电叶片粉末导致其在PVC基体中分散不均匀,产生团聚现象,从而破坏了材料的均匀性和稳定性,使管材在受热时出现局部的不均匀收缩,导致纵向回缩率变大。拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、简支梁强度均随着改性废旧风电叶片粉末填充质量分数的增加而逐渐降低,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率在质量分数40%时发生骤降。这可能是因为废旧风电叶片粉末质量分数太高,与基体的相容性欠佳,填充组分较多时,粉体在基体中分散不够均匀,在一定时间内发生团聚,导致性能降低。表3中30%重质碳酸钙纵向回缩率为1.77%,表4中0.050 mm 30%改性废风电叶片粉末的材料纵向回缩率为0.90%。与常规重质碳酸钙工艺相比,废风电叶片粉末复合材料纵向回缩率降幅达49.15%,计算拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和简支梁冲击强度分别提升66.12%、21.58%和42.72%。
表3中粒径0.016 mm10%添加比例的未改性废旧风电叶片粉末/PE复合材料纵向回缩率为1.96%,表4中相同添加比例改性后的废旧风电叶片粉末/PE复合材料纵向回缩率为1.76%,改性效果即为(1.76–1.96)/1.96= –10.20%,得到改性后力学性能提升幅度为10.20%,以此计算得到不同粒径和质量分数复合材料改性后力学性能提升幅度见表5
与未改性的复合材料相比,经过KH-550和液体石蜡改性后各项性能得到明显提升,改性后材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、简支梁强度等性能方面提升10%~20%,纵向回缩率最高降低24%。结合所有力学实验数据分析,对比30%CaCO3/PE复合材料、30%废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料、30%改性废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料,30%改性废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料的纵向回缩率性能最优,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、简支梁强度最高。
图4为30%未改性和改性废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料表面形貌。从图4可以看出,未经改性的废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料部分表面不平整,存在纤维束的聚集和缺陷;经过改性的复合材料表面分布较均匀,说明材料在塑炼等成型过程中,呈聚集态的玻璃纤维束在剪切力的作用下均匀的分布在聚乙烯基体中,使得表面更为均匀,力学性能更佳。
废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料改性前后的冲击断面电子扫描电镜照片如图5所示。从图5a)—图5e)可以看出,未改性废旧风电叶片/PE复合材料的断面,填料只是简单被基体树脂所掩理和包裹,裸露在外面的填料粒子表面比较光滑,与PE基体黏合不够牢固,单根纤维周围存在明显的间隙。这说明未改性的废旧风电叶片粉末与PE树脂基体间的界面黏结性差,界面强度低,复合材料在受外力破坏时,很容易造成废旧风电叶片粉末与PE基体剥离,在界面结合弱的地方容易产生破坏,此时复合材料的力学性能低。
图5f)可见,经过协同改性后,复合材料的断面微观形貌产生了较大的变化,断面显得粗,玻璃纤维在基体中均匀分散,填料粒子表面被PE覆盖,与基体黏结紧密,两者之间不存在明显界面。这说明增容剂的加入改善了废旧风电叶片粉末与PE之间的界面黏结强度,增强了界面间的作用力,能加强应力的传递作用,阻止裂纹的进一步扩展,材料断面结构密实,宏观表现为复合材料力学性能提高。
从材料种类看,添加量一定,比较填料为碳酸钙、废旧风电叶片粉末、改性废旧风电叶片粉末三者复合材料的力学性能。改性废旧风电叶片粉末复合材料性能最优。具体表现为改性废旧风电叶片粉末复合材料的纵向回缩率最小,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和简支梁强度最优。相对于碳酸钙球型结构,废旧风电叶片中玻璃纤维具有一定长径比,在样品中起到支撑骨架和填充的作用,使得样品在发生形变时应变减小。而改性废旧风电叶片粉末由于相容剂的加入,改善了废旧风电叶片粉末与PE之间的界面黏结强度,增强了界面间的作用力,能加强应力的传递作用,阻止裂纹的进一步扩展,材料断面结构密实,宏观表现为复合材料拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和简支梁的增强。
随着我国风电行业进入规模化退役及更新换代周期,废旧风电叶片产生量急剧增加,其高效处置与资源化利用已成为亟待解决的关键问题。本研究创新性地采用风电叶片回收粉末替代成本较高的工程塑料传统添加剂重质CaCO3,与常规质量分数30%重质碳酸钙工艺相比,0.050 mm 30%改性废风电叶片粉末复合材料在同等工艺条件下纵向回缩率降幅达49.15%,同时拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和简支梁冲击强度分别提升66.12%、21.58%和42.72%。另外,该工艺使用的废旧风电叶片粉末成本价格远低于常规重质碳酸钙,顺应资源循环的环保政策,具有较高的经济价值。后续研究将系统推进废旧风电叶片粉末在工程塑料领域的多维应用,通过探索多元化应用场景构建梯度化利用体系,以提升其产业化应用价值与循环经济效益。

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2026年第55卷第1期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202505098
  • 接收时间:2025-05-08
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08
  • 修回日期:2025-07-03
  • 录用日期:2025-07-11
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    1.国能龙源环保有限公司,北京 100000
    2.国能(山东)能源环境有限公司,山东 济南 250000

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刘泽阳(1994),男,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为固废资源化技术,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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