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Article(id=1295064658591896546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202507064, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753200000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-23, revisedDate=1757520000000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-11, acceptedDate=1757952000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-09-16, onlineDate=1786697075746, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697075746, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697075746, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697075746, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1271501633826530070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='186', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781079212860, creator='ztmeta', updateTime=1786698917413, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072383149301815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072383149301816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=56, endPage=64, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064658889692131, articleId=1295064658591896546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Safety assessment of floating foundation structures for floating offshore wind turbines, columnId=1295064621950464805, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on resource utilization of decommissioned wind and solar power equipment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Focusing on the structural safety of a three-column floating foundation for floating wind turbines, this study systematically assesses its stability, ultimate strength, and fatigue strength. A full-scale finite element model is established using the SESAM software suite. Intact and damaged stability analysis is conducted according to relevant codes. The result indicates that all parameters comply with regulatory requirements and demonstrate excellent anti-overturning capability. In the ultimate strength analysis, based on load conditions considering various wave directions, amplitudes, and periods, it is found that the maximum structural stress concentration occurs at the connections between the buoyancy tanks and columns. Nevertheless, the overall stress levels remain within the design resistance limits. Employing the hotspot stress approach, fatigue strength assessment of critical connection areas shows that the fatigue damage at all checkpoints is less than 1, satisfying the design life requirements. The floating foundation structure meets all applicable code standards for stability, ultimate strength, and fatigue strength. Therefore, the research provides a significant safety basis for the engineering application of floating wind turbines in deep-sea environments. It also offers valuable methodology and guidance for safety assessments of similar projects.

, authors=Ruigang ZHANG, Haitao SUN, Hang LEI, Hesheng LIU, Weiyu JING, authorsList=Ruigang ZHANG, Haitao SUN, Hang LEI, Hesheng LIU, Weiyu JING, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Haitao SUN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064663700558842, articleId=1295064658591896546, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=漂浮式海上风电浮式基础结构安全性评估, columnId=1295064622122431271, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=退役风光设备资源化利用专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

聚焦漂浮式风电机组三立柱浮式基础的结构安全性，开展稳性、极限强度及疲劳强度的系统性评估研究，采用SESAM软件系列模块，通过建立全尺寸有限元模型，结合相关规范对浮式基础进行完整稳性与破舱稳性分析。基于不同浪向、波幅和周期的载荷工况进行极限强度分析，发现结构最大应力集中于浮箱与立柱连接部位，但整体应力水平在设计抗力范围内；关键连接区域所有校核点的疲劳损伤度均小于1，满足设计寿命要求。该浮式基础结构在稳性、极限强度和疲劳强度方面均符合规范标准，为深远海漂浮式风电工程应用提供了重要安全依据，也为同类项目的安全性评估提供了方法与指导。

, authors=张瑞刚, 孙海涛, 雷航, 刘河生, 景玮钰, authorsList=张瑞刚, 孙海涛, 雷航, 刘河生, 景玮钰, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=孙海涛, authorNote=

张瑞刚（1982），男，硕士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为风电设备，。

, correspAuthorsNote=
孙海涛（1997），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为漂浮式海上风电结构设计、叶片结构设计，。
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张瑞刚（1982），男，硕士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为风电设备，。

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张瑞刚（1982），男，硕士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为风电设备，。

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figureFileBig=B3eGmZC8WcP5Mp/HKCjuuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064671069950006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064658591896546, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Model parameters of the IEA 15 MW wind turbine

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项目数值项目数值
额定风速/（m·s–1）10.59叶片质量/kg65 250
切出风速/（m·s–1）25.00设计尖速比9.00
叶片长度/m117.00设计功率系数Cp0.489
最大弦长/m5.77设计推理系数CT0.799
最大弦长翼展位置/m27.20偏航轴承高度/m150.00
叶尖预弯角/（°）4.00轮毂质量/t190.00
锥角/（°）4.00机舱质量（不含轮毂）/t630.888
), ArticleFig(id=1295064671137058871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064658591896546, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

IEA 15 MW风机机组模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
额定风速/（m·s–1）10.59叶片质量/kg65 250
切出风速/（m·s–1）25.00设计尖速比9.00
叶片长度/m117.00设计功率系数Cp0.489
最大弦长/m5.77设计推理系数CT0.799
最大弦长翼展位置/m27.20偏航轴承高度/m150.00
叶尖预弯角/（°）4.00轮毂质量/t190.00
锥角/（°）4.00机舱质量（不含轮毂）/t630.888
), ArticleFig(id=1295064671204167736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064658591896546, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Design parameters of floating offshore wind turbine platform

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项目数值
设计水深/m100.00
吃水深度/m25.00
结构质量/t6 754.90
质心/m（0，0，–7.57）
立柱直径/m15.00
非风机立柱高度/m37.50
风机立柱高度/m40.00
垂荡板直径/m26.00
垂荡板高度/m2.50
浮箱高度/m5.00
浮箱宽度/m6.00
斜撑直径/m2.40
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漂浮式海上风机平台设计参数

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项目数值
设计水深/m100.00
吃水深度/m25.00
结构质量/t6 754.90
质心/m（0，0，–7.57）
立柱直径/m15.00
非风机立柱高度/m37.50
风机立柱高度/m40.00
垂荡板直径/m26.00
垂荡板高度/m2.50
浮箱高度/m5.00
浮箱宽度/m6.00
斜撑直径/m2.40
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Intact stability results of the floating platform

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项目第1交角/（°）第2交角/（°）面积比初稳性高度/m
数值7.1363.972.5913.14
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浮式平台完整稳性分析结果

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项目第1交角/（°）第2交角/（°）面积比初稳性高度/m
数值7.1363.972.5913.14
), ArticleFig(id=1295064671682318396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064658591896546, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Damaged stability analysis results of floating platform

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项目第1交角/（°）第2交角/（°）面积比
1 号舱室8.5864.243.00
2 号舱室8.5565.093.02
3 号舱室7.3462.023.17
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浮式平台破舱稳性分析结果

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项目第1交角/（°）第2交角/（°）面积比
1 号舱室8.5864.243.00
2 号舱室8.5565.093.02
3 号舱室7.3462.023.17
), ArticleFig(id=1295064671803953214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064658591896546, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Load parameters for ultimate limit state

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工况浪向/（°）波幅/m周期/s
工况108.176.8
工况206.469.6
工况306.9610.0
工况408.1719.0
工况5758.057.2
工况6907.8725.0
工况7908.0527.0
工况81058.057.2
工况91806.469.6
工况101806.9610.0
工况111808.1719.0
工况122707.8725.0
工况132708.0527.0
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极限状态载荷参数

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工况浪向/（°）波幅/m周期/s
工况108.176.8
工况206.469.6
工况306.9610.0
工况408.1719.0
工况5758.057.2
工况6907.8725.0
工况7908.0527.0
工况81058.057.2
工况91806.469.6
工况101806.9610.0
工况111808.1719.0
工况122707.8725.0
工况132708.0527.0
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Hotspot locations and fatigue damage values of the floating wind turbine

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疲劳校核点目标点坐标/m所属单元损伤率
热点（40.013 7，–4.603 98，–20）47 7170.094
1t/2 点（40.013 7，–4.593 98，–20）47 7170.132
3t/2 点（40.013 7，–4.633 98，–20）38 0090.031
热点（–16.019 7，36.954 8，–20）46 4750.215
2t/2 点（–16.009 7，36.954 8，–20）47 9810.155
3t/2 点（–16.049 7，36.954 8，–20）46 4750.052
热点（–23.531 3，32.360 9，–20）47 7370.416
3t/2 点（–23.531 3，32.370 9，–20）47 7370.887
3t/2 点（–23.531 3，32.330 9，–20）48 8550.009
), ArticleFig(id=1295064672072388673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064658591896546, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

漂浮式风电机组热点位置及疲劳损伤值结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
疲劳校核点目标点坐标/m所属单元损伤率
热点（40.013 7，–4.603 98，–20）47 7170.094
1t/2 点（40.013 7，–4.593 98，–20）47 7170.132
3t/2 点（40.013 7，–4.633 98，–20）38 0090.031
热点（–16.019 7，36.954 8，–20）46 4750.215
2t/2 点（–16.009 7，36.954 8，–20）47 9810.155
3t/2 点（–16.049 7，36.954 8，–20）46 4750.052
热点（–23.531 3，32.360 9，–20）47 7370.416
3t/2 点（–23.531 3，32.370 9，–20）47 7370.887
3t/2 点（–23.531 3，32.330 9，–20）48 8550.009
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漂浮式海上风电浮式基础结构安全性评估
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张瑞刚 , 孙海涛 , 雷航 , 刘河生 , 景玮钰
热力发电 | 退役风光设备资源化利用专题 2026,55(1): 56-64
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热力发电 |退役风光设备资源化利用专题 2026 , 55 (1) : 56 -64
漂浮式海上风电浮式基础结构安全性评估
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张瑞刚 , 孙海涛 , 雷航, 刘河生, 景玮钰
作者信息
  • 西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西 西安 710054
通讯作者:
孙海涛（1997），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为漂浮式海上风电结构设计、叶片结构设计，。
作者简介:

张瑞刚（1982），男，硕士，正高级工程师，主要研究方向为风电设备，。

Safety assessment of floating foundation structures for floating offshore wind turbines
Ruigang ZHANG , Haitao SUN , Hang LEI, Hesheng LIU, Weiyu JING
Affiliations
  • Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507064
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聚焦漂浮式风电机组三立柱浮式基础的结构安全性，开展稳性、极限强度及疲劳强度的系统性评估研究，采用SESAM软件系列模块，通过建立全尺寸有限元模型，结合相关规范对浮式基础进行完整稳性与破舱稳性分析。基于不同浪向、波幅和周期的载荷工况进行极限强度分析，发现结构最大应力集中于浮箱与立柱连接部位，但整体应力水平在设计抗力范围内；关键连接区域所有校核点的疲劳损伤度均小于1，满足设计寿命要求。该浮式基础结构在稳性、极限强度和疲劳强度方面均符合规范标准，为深远海漂浮式风电工程应用提供了重要安全依据，也为同类项目的安全性评估提供了方法与指导。

漂浮式风电机组  /  浮式基础  /  稳性分析  /  极限强度  /  疲劳强度

Focusing on the structural safety of a three-column floating foundation for floating wind turbines, this study systematically assesses its stability, ultimate strength, and fatigue strength. A full-scale finite element model is established using the SESAM software suite. Intact and damaged stability analysis is conducted according to relevant codes. The result indicates that all parameters comply with regulatory requirements and demonstrate excellent anti-overturning capability. In the ultimate strength analysis, based on load conditions considering various wave directions, amplitudes, and periods, it is found that the maximum structural stress concentration occurs at the connections between the buoyancy tanks and columns. Nevertheless, the overall stress levels remain within the design resistance limits. Employing the hotspot stress approach, fatigue strength assessment of critical connection areas shows that the fatigue damage at all checkpoints is less than 1, satisfying the design life requirements. The floating foundation structure meets all applicable code standards for stability, ultimate strength, and fatigue strength. Therefore, the research provides a significant safety basis for the engineering application of floating wind turbines in deep-sea environments. It also offers valuable methodology and guidance for safety assessments of similar projects.

floating wind turbine unit  /  floating foundation  /  stability analysis  /  ultimate strength  /  fatigue strength
张瑞刚, 孙海涛, 雷航, 刘河生, 景玮钰. 漂浮式海上风电浮式基础结构安全性评估. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (1) : 56 -64 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507064
Ruigang ZHANG, Haitao SUN, Hang LEI, Hesheng LIU, Weiyu JING. Safety assessment of floating foundation structures for floating offshore wind turbines[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (1) : 56 -64 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507064
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在全球能源转型与“双碳”目标推动下，风能开发规模持续扩大，海上风电因风速高、风切变小、不占陆地面积等优势成为重要发展方向。而近海资源渐趋枯竭，向水深超60 m的深远海域发展成为必然。传统固定式基础在深远海面临材料用量激增、施工难度与成本指数级上升、复杂地质及强风浪流导致技术可行性存疑等困境。漂浮式风电技术则凭借不受水深限制，可拓展风场范围，安装便捷（岸上完成大部分组装，降低海上施工时间与风险）等优势，成为解锁深远海风能资源的核心方案。中国目前已建成“海油观澜号”“三峡引领号”“海装扶摇号”“国能共享号”以及“明阳天成号”漂浮式风电平台[1-4]。与传统的海洋油气平台相比，浮式风电基础平台作为核心支撑系统设计面临更复杂的荷载情况，需承受风、浪、流等多种环境载荷的耦合作用，尤其是在台风频发海域，极端恶劣的气象条件对浮式基础的结构完整性构成严重威胁，直接关系到整个风电场运行的可靠性与经济性。因此，在漂浮式风电机组设备生产投运前，对其结构安全性开展全面评估，具有重要的现实意义与工程价值。
当前，针对漂浮式海上风电浮式基础结构安全性的研究，主要聚焦于稳性、极限强度及疲劳强度的评估。在稳性研究方面，戴鹏等[5]借助SESAM的GeniE和HydroD模块，对不同尺度的漂浮式风机基础展开稳性计算，结果显示：随着型长和型宽的增大，风机基础的初稳性高度（GM）增大，静倾角减小，复原力矩曲线与风倾力矩曲线的围蔽面积比减小，稳性得到提升。张亮等[6]基于SESAM软件，对兆瓦级半潜式风机基础的完整稳性和破舱稳性进行研究，验证了该设计方案的可行性。任重进等[7]设计出5.5 MW级半潜式风机基础，并针对不同工况开展完整稳性和破舱稳性分析，证实三浮筒半潜式风机基础具备良好的稳定性。
在极限强度研究领域，唐友刚等[8]基于波、浪、流海洋环境载荷以及空气动力载荷，针对搭载5 MW风力发电机组的半潜型浮式风机平台，开展了结构设计方案探索与整体结构强度安全性分析方法研究，结果表明，浮式平台中连接风力发电机组的塔筒与斜撑的拐角连接区域，存在明显的应力集中现象。桑松等[9]同样基于搭载5 MW风机的半潜型浮式平台为研究对象，采用长期设计波法，重点对浮式平台水线面、中横以及中纵剖面的结构承载特性进行系统性分析，结果表明，该方法可高效评估平台的极限强度，同时也验证了该平台在设计工况下的结构安全性。而针对三立柱式风机平台的结构设计与强度验证，聂焱等[10]采用载荷抗力系数法完成了平台的结构方案设计，并引入设计波法对平台结构强度开展评估，结果表明，三立柱式风机平台的整体结构强度能够满足相关规范要求，但在部分局部位置出现了应力超出限定标准的问题。
关于疲劳强度评估，陶海成[11]采用谱分析法作为核心技术手段，重点围绕海上风电浮式基础的斜撑与塔架支撑连接节点，开展疲劳强度分析研究。然而该研究在载荷条件设定上存在局限，仅考虑了波浪载荷单独施加时的影响，未涉及上部结构所受风载荷下的作用效果。针对半潜型海上风机支撑结构的疲劳特性研究，考虑到结构连接拐点位置的结构特殊和不连续性，Fredheim[12]利用全时域模拟法，针对该结构立柱与撑杆的衔接区域开展疲劳损伤评估。值得注意的是，此研究在外部载荷的选取上，同样也未将风机载荷纳入分析范畴，仅包含了风压载荷与波浪载荷这两类载荷形式。考虑到风机所受的风载荷也会对结构疲劳产生影响，刘畅等[13]以张力腿式漂浮式风机基础结构为研究对象，开展疲劳特性研究。首先，分别测算该结构在风机载荷单独作用、波浪载荷单独作用2种场景下的疲劳损伤量；第二步则进一步对比线性叠加法、二次叠加法、等效应力异相叠加法这3种不同计算方法，分析在风浪协同作用环境下对结构疲劳寿命评估结果的影响差异，并结合对比结论给出了该类场景下的优选计算方案建议。
随着深远海风电的快速发展，大容量漂浮式海上风电机组已成功投运，然而目前对于大兆瓦机组搭载的浮式基础的结构安全性综合评估研究较少。本文将以IEA 15 MW机组为例，对三立柱式浮式基础平台开展结构安全性评估方法系统研究，以期为我国深远海风电工程建设提供坚实的理论支撑与技术保障。
1　浮式基础结构安全性评估方法
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漂浮式海上风电机组浮式基础结构安全性评估内容包括稳性评估、极限强度评估以及疲劳强度评估。
1.1　稳性评估方法
稳性是指漂浮式平台抵抗外部倾覆力矩干扰，并在该力矩消除后能够自动回复至其初始平衡状态的一种固有能力。使用SESAM软件中GeniE模块和HydroD稳性分析模块进行稳性分析计算，并依据DNVGL-OS-C301规范[14]，采用风倾力矩曲线对浮式基础的稳性进行分析，图1为复原力矩和风倾力矩曲线。稳性分析包括完整稳性分析以及破舱稳性分析。
1.1.1　完整稳性要求
1）图1第2交点或进水角处的复原力矩曲线下的面积，取其较小者，至少应比至同一限定角处风倾力矩曲线下的面积大30%；
2）当图1中（②+③）/（①+②）的面积比超过1.3时，认为具有良好的静稳性；
3）自正浮状态（图1中原点）起至第2交点间所有角度范围内，复原力矩值均须保持为正；
4）所有漂浮作业状态下，立柱稳性平台的初稳性高度必须始终为正值，并且在任何吃水情况下，经自由液面修正后的初稳性高度均不得低于0.15 m；
5）复原力矩曲线与风倾力矩曲线的第1交点倾角应不超过10°。
1.1.2　破舱稳性要求
破舱稳性是指浮式平台在指定损伤工况下（1个或多个舱室进水后），抵御由此产生的倾覆与沉没风险，并仍能维持保障其安全的最低限度稳性的能力。根据MODU规范[15]，需满足以下要求：
1）平台舱室破损后，平台倾角不应大于17°；
2）在设计工况中处于水面以下的所有开口，其水密完整性必须得到保证；自第1交点起，至完整稳性要求的风雨密临界倾角或第2交点（取二者中较小值），该区间跨度须大于7°；
3）在从第1交点至风雨密完整稳性要求角或第2交点（取较小值）的区间内，应至少存在1个倾角位置，使得该处的复原力矩值不低于风倾力矩的2倍。
1.2　极限强度分析方法
基于SESAM/GeniE模块构建浮式基础的有限元模型，生成水动力分析所需的结构模型、质量模型和水动力模型。依据项目场址海浪工况参数，采用SESAM/Wadam模块开展水动力分析工作。随后，在SESAM/Sestra模块中将静水压力、水动压力以及惯性力施加于浮式平台，进行强度分析。最后，借助SESAM/Xtract后处理模块对工况进行组合，进而得出结构强度分析结果。图2为浮式基础平台强度的分析流程。
1.3　疲劳强度评估方法
疲劳热点是结构上最容易发生疲劳损伤的位置。这些位置通常是应力集中区域，如几何形状突变处（包括孔、槽、拐角等）、焊接接头、材料缺陷周围等。获取热点应力的方法主要包括有限元法、经验公式、外推法或者实测法。每个热点区域的评估需依赖3个关键参考点：热点、与热点相距t/2处的点以及与热点相距3t/2处的点（t为该处板厚）。这3个参考点应共线布置，且除热点所在位置外，其余2个点的应力值应取自不同的有限元单元。在实际工程应用中，允许在同一校核点设置多个热点。
2　浮式基础建模
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本研究选用IEA公开的15 MW风电机组，主要参数如表1所示[16]。采用三立柱漂浮式海上浮式基础形式，包括立柱、压载舱、浮箱、横撑及斜撑，其全尺寸结构模型如图3所示。压载舱位于立柱的底部且直径大于立柱直径。立柱、压载舱内部为中空结构，以提供浮式基础所需的浮力。风电机组所受的风载荷通过塔筒传到风机立柱上，浮箱与立柱通过斜撑及横撑连接，以抵抗浮体所受的弯矩及剪力，提高浮式基础的整体刚度。下浮箱截面为矩形且处于海平面以下，两端与压载舱及立柱连接，呈正三角形，平台采用Q355钢材，密度为7 850 kg/m3，浮式基础主要尺度参数见表2。
3　浮式基础结构安全性分析
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3.1　稳性分析
3.1.1　完整稳性分析
在SESAM/Geni E模块中采用壳单元和梁单元建立浮式平台的有限元模型，考虑浮式风机平台处于无系泊约束的漂浮状态。为简化计算，将塔筒模拟为刚性结构，将转子机舱组件等效为圆盘，用于稳性分析时所施加的风载荷。考虑叶片气动载荷最不利状态，在高度150 m风力机轮毂位置作用11.4 m/s的额定风速，基于SESAM/Hydro D模块对舱室的压载进行自动填充计算，漂浮式海上风电机组浮式基础分舱设计和漂浮式海上风电机组有限元模型如图4和图5所示。
图6为该浮式风机完整稳性分析计算得到的风倾力矩及恢复力矩曲线，表3为浮式风机完整稳性计算结果。从图6可以看出：倾覆力矩和恢复力矩的第1交角为7.13°，低于规范要求的10°；恢复力矩和风倾力矩曲线的面积比值为2.59，高于规范要求的1.3；同时初稳性高度13.14 m，也大于0.15 m，表明该平台具有良好的完整稳性。
3.1.2　破舱稳性分析
由于水线面附近受波浪冲击、冰载等影响大，其附近的舱室容易在同等条件下更易发生破舱现象，影响整个平台及结构的安全性[15]。选择风机立柱水线面处及其上下邻近的1号、2号和3号舱室进行破舱稳性分析，舱室分布如图7所示。图8—图10分别为3个舱室破损后稳性分析计算得到的风倾力矩及恢复力矩曲线。
根据图8—图10破舱稳性曲线可以看出，3种舱室破损情况下恢复力矩曲线与风倾力矩曲线的第1交角均低于17°，第2交角均超过60°，同时恢复力矩曲线面积与风倾力矩曲线面积比分别为3.00、3.02、3.17，均满足于1.1.2节中破舱稳性的所有要求，表明该浮体具有良好的破舱稳性。详细数值计算结果见表4。
3.2　极限强度分析
模型采用的是Q355钢材，其屈服强度为355 MPa，根据规范DNVGL-OS-C103[17]，取材料安全系数为1.15，设计抗力值为305 MPa。基于所建立的浮式基础平台结构有限元模型，采用南海某海域实际测试水文参数最不利工况（表5）极限状态下的载荷参数导入Wadam模块中，依据图2所述分析流程完成极限工况下浮式平台结构强度的依规范校核。图11为极限工况下浮式平台结构的应力分析云图。从图11可以看出：立柱、浮箱、垂荡板处的应力分布比较均匀，相较而言，垂荡板处及浮箱上表面的应力较大；所有工况下，浮式平台的最大应力主要集中在浮箱与立柱的连接部位。因此，对于此浮式平台应格外关注上述连接区域的应力集中现象。
图11n）统计了13组工况下最大等效应力分析结果。工况4与工况11应力峰值最高，显著高于其余工况，主要原因是随着波幅的增加，水压力变大，导致平台的等效应力值逐渐增大。对比分析工况1—工况4和工况9—工况11可知，波浪和周期共同对结构的等效应力产生影响，呈现出随波浪、周期增大，等效应力增大的趋势。后续在进行漂浮式海上风电场场址选择时，可优先选择波幅和波浪周期小的海域，减小结构受力，降低平台的建造成本。
3.3　疲劳强度分析
由于工况种类繁多且计算过程通常需要较长时间，对结构中每个连接点、急转弯等突变部位进行疲劳计算不仅计算量巨大，而且效率较低。基于疲劳热点通常出现在结构的过渡区域和焊缝区域的事实，为提高计算效率和节约计算时间，基于浮式平台结构总体极限强度分析的结果，初步确认应力集中的区域，以此区域为重点，开展平台结构的疲劳损伤分析研究。基于3.2节对浮式平台结构的极限强度分析结果，选取立柱与压载舱连接区域的3个典型热点进行疲劳性能分析。该位置处板材厚度t为0.02 m，各热点具体位置参数见表6。利用SESAM软件的STOFAT模块，采用谱分析方法，对不同海况条件下上述校核点的疲劳强度进行计算，获得各热点在不同浪向与海况联合作用下的疲劳累积损伤值，结果如表6所示。结果表明，热点应力在t/2位置处最大，3t/2位置处最小，校核结果显示，25年疲劳计算损伤率均小于1，表明结构疲劳性能符合要求。
4　结论
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本文针对漂浮式海上风电三立柱浮式基础结构，系统性地开展了浮式基础稳性、极限强度和疲劳强度安全性评估工作。结果表明，浮箱-立柱连接处等局部区域是结构优化和健康监测的关键点。在实际工程项目中，设计、制造和运行阶段，应着重关注此区域的安全质量情况。本文所采用的方法为后续新建项目的浮式基础结构安全性评估提供方向和指导。
1）基于模型简化原则，将机舱和风轮进行刚度等效，采用SESAM/HydroD软件模块，对浮式基础的完整稳性和破舱稳性进行评估计算，平台稳性的各关键指标（如面积比、初稳性高、静平衡角、交角范围）等均满足标准要求，验证了平台在极端条件下的抗倾覆能力。
2）基于极限载荷工况的结构强度分析表明，平台整体应力水平在设计抗力范围内，结构安全裕度合理。分析结果同时揭示，浮箱与立柱连接等结构拐点区域存在显著的应力集中现象，是后续设计和监测的重点关注部位。
3）采用热点应力法，对关键连接区域（立柱与压载舱连接处）选定热点进行疲劳强度评估，所有校核点的疲劳损伤度均小于1，疲劳寿命超过设计寿命要求，同时热点应力在t/2位置处最大，3t/2位置处最小。
4）后续应针对各环境参量对浮式平台结构等效应力深入开展敏感性分析，为后续漂浮式风电场址选择提供指导。通过参数化建模，结合多目标优化算法，在结构重量不增前提下实现提高安全性的布局优化，同时建立风机-平台-系泊系统的全耦合时域数值模型，以提升极端工况下浮式基础结构响应与安全性评估的精度与可靠性。
基金
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  • 众创/研究开发基金项目(TQ-24-TYK06)
文献
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2026年第55卷第1期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507064
  • 接收时间：2025-07-23
  • 首发时间：2026-08-14
  • 出版时间：2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-23
  • 修回日期：2025-09-11
  • 录用日期：2025-09-16
基金
Public Co-creation/Research and Development (R&D) Fund Project(TQ-24-TYK06)
众创/研究开发基金项目(TQ-24-TYK06)
作者信息
    西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西 西安 710054

通讯作者:

孙海涛（1997），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为漂浮式海上风电结构设计、叶片结构设计，。
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202507064
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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