Article(id=1295064637981094866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202507126, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752940800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-20, revisedDate=1755446400000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-18, acceptedDate=1755532800000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-19, onlineDate=1786697070831, onlineDateStr=2026-08-14, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1786697070831, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-08-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1786697070831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1786697070831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1271501633826530070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2026', volume='55', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='186', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781079212860, creator='ztmeta', updateTime=1786698917413, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1295072383149301815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1295072383149301816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1271501633826530070, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=73, endPage=84, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1295064638211781587, articleId=1295064637981094866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Effects of ocean current on motion response and power output of semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbines, columnId=1295064621950464805, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on resource utilization of decommissioned wind and solar power equipment, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are affected by various factors in the marine environment, which can significantly alter their motion states and thereby affect their power generation performance. The influences of ocean currents on motion response of the FOWTs under different wind and wave conditions are investigated, and their impacts on power output are also studied. A semi-submersible floating platform equipped with a 5 MW wind turbine is selected as the research object, and simulations are conducted using OpenFAST, FAST to AQWA (F2A), and AQWA software. The surge, heave, and pitch motion responses of the floating platform, as well as the power generation output, are calculated under three environmental conditions: steady wind with regular waves, steady wind with irregular waves, and turbulent wind with irregular waves. The motion responses and power generation output are then recalculated after the incorporation of ocean currents. The results indicate that ocean currents primarily have a significant impact on surge motion, with a maximum difference of up to 13%, while their effects on heave and pitch motions are relatively minor. In the calculation of power output under the three environmental conditions, ocean currents show no influence on the average or maximum power generation output of the wind turbine, with differences of less than 1% between cases. Additionally, under more complex conditions, the standard deviation of power generation output exhibits minimal variation, suggesting that ocean currents do not affect the fluctuation intensity of power output.

, authors=Jiang LIU1, 2, Yue CAO1, Tao HUA1, Peifen WENG1, 2, Mingyong WANG3, authorsList=Jiang LIU, Yue CAO, Tao HUA, Peifen WENG, Mingyong WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1295064642200564720, articleId=1295064637981094866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=海流对半潜型浮式风力发电机运动响应及发电功率的影响, columnId=1295064622122431271, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=退役风光设备资源化利用专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

海上浮式风机在海洋环境中会受到多种因素的影响,这些海洋环境会显著改变浮式风机的运动状态,进而使风机的发电性能发生改变。研究了不同风浪条件下海流对半潜型浮式风力发电机运动响应的影响,并比较分析了海流对风力机发电功率的影响。选取半潜型浮式平台和5 MW风力机作为研究对象,采用OpenFAST、FAST to AQWA(F2A)和AQWA软件进行仿真。首先,在稳态风规则波、稳态风不规则波和湍流风不规则波3种环境条件下,分别计算了浮式平台的纵荡、垂荡、纵摇运动响应以及发电功率;然后,计算添加海流因素之后上述海况下的运动响应和发电功率。结果表明:海流主要对纵荡运动产生较大影响,最大差异达到13%,但对垂荡运动和纵摇运动的影响相对较小;在3种环境条件下的发电功率计算中,海流对风力发电机的平均发电功率和最大发电功率没有影响,工况间的差异小于1%,但在较复杂的工况下,发电功率的标准偏差差异较小,海流不会对发电功率的变化震荡程度产生影响。

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刘江(1980),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为风力发电机组气动设计及载荷分析,

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刘江(1980),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为风力发电机组气动设计及载荷分析,

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motion responses of the FOWT under condition 3 and condition 4, figureFileSmall=dSy2ApfKSgh0S0/Sci6cNQ==, figureFileBig=/4gWMIzT9giHCJapJmlaag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646038351920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=图10, caption=浮式风机工况3和工况4下纵摇运动响应, figureFileSmall=dSy2ApfKSgh0S0/Sci6cNQ==, figureFileBig=/4gWMIzT9giHCJapJmlaag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646122238002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Surge motion responses of the FOWT under condition 5 and condition 6, figureFileSmall=vnESZ2uhGJ7hWznSQgEfhw==, figureFileBig=SE0usUDq61JIIAupLGZaNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646218706995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=图11, caption=工况5和工况6下浮式风机纵荡运动响应, figureFileSmall=vnESZ2uhGJ7hWznSQgEfhw==, figureFileBig=SE0usUDq61JIIAupLGZaNg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646306787380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Heave motion responses of the FOWT under condition 5 and condition 6, figureFileSmall=gtK2NE3aFbQp3I6C2si3SA==, figureFileBig=5G8lzA7UM/6j+FkBELEa5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646373896245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=图12, caption=工况5和工况6下浮式风机垂荡运动响应, figureFileSmall=gtK2NE3aFbQp3I6C2si3SA==, figureFileBig=5G8lzA7UM/6j+FkBELEa5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646449393718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Pitch motion responses of the FOWT under condition 5 and condition 6, figureFileSmall=Cx+c4SpoyoBhlfBo1TcLlg==, figureFileBig=LW9F+tlDqP1LQjl+C44+xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646520696887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=图13, caption=工况5和工况6下浮式风机纵摇运动响应, figureFileSmall=Cx+c4SpoyoBhlfBo1TcLlg==, figureFileBig=LW9F+tlDqP1LQjl+C44+xg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646604582968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Power generation of the FOWT under various working conditions, figureFileSmall=1EKmFoX9LkGP/NwXJJ4rZQ==, figureFileBig=MB383ZfiwpQntFDVeX9WWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646675886137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=图14, caption=浮式风机不同工况下发电功率, figureFileSmall=1EKmFoX9LkGP/NwXJJ4rZQ==, figureFileBig=MB383ZfiwpQntFDVeX9WWw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1295064646751383610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Data on the semi-submersible floating platform

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
水深/m200.00
平台质量(包括压载)/kg1.347 3×107
静水位以下的重心位置/m13.46
平台绕质心的横摇惯量/(kg·m–26.827×109
平台绕质心的纵摇惯量/(kg·m–26.827×109
平台绕质心的艏摇惯量/(kg·m–21.226×1010
系泊缆数量3
相邻缆之间的夹角/(°)120
从平台中心线到锚的半径/m837.60
未拉伸时的系泊缆长度/m835.50
), ArticleFig(id=1295064646835269691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

半潜式浮动平台数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值
水深/m200.00
平台质量(包括压载)/kg1.347 3×107
静水位以下的重心位置/m13.46
平台绕质心的横摇惯量/(kg·m–26.827×109
平台绕质心的纵摇惯量/(kg·m–26.827×109
平台绕质心的艏摇惯量/(kg·m–21.226×1010
系泊缆数量3
相邻缆之间的夹角/(°)120
从平台中心线到锚的半径/m837.60
未拉伸时的系泊缆长度/m835.50
), ArticleFig(id=1295064646927544380, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Free decay periods of the FOWT

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献[29]浮式风机自由衰减周期/sOpenFAST软件F2A软件
浮式风机自由衰减周期/s偏差/%浮式风机自由衰减周期/s偏差/%
纵荡运动115.90117.030.97117.030.97
横荡运动117.30117.03–0.23117.03–0.23
垂荡运动17.1017.431.9317.07–0.18
横摇运动26.0026.431.6526.762.92
纵摇运动25.8026.432.4426.221.63
艏摇运动80.2081.922.1483.333.90
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647015624765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

浮式风机的自由衰减周期比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
文献[29]浮式风机自由衰减周期/sOpenFAST软件F2A软件
浮式风机自由衰减周期/s偏差/%浮式风机自由衰减周期/s偏差/%
纵荡运动115.90117.030.97117.030.97
横荡运动117.30117.03–0.23117.03–0.23
垂荡运动17.1017.431.9317.07–0.18
横摇运动26.0026.431.6526.762.92
纵摇运动25.8026.432.4426.221.63
艏摇运动80.2081.922.1483.333.90
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647086927934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Six environmental conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况波浪海流各参数流入方向/(°)
模型平均风速/(m·s–1模型有义波高/m谱峰周期/s谱峰因子表面流速/(m·s–1
工况1稳态风11.4规则波3.7912.10
工况2稳态风11.4规则波3.7912.10.3420
工况3稳态风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30
工况4稳态风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30.3420
工况5湍流风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30
工况6湍流风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30.3420
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647158231103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

6种环境工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况波浪海流各参数流入方向/(°)
模型平均风速/(m·s–1模型有义波高/m谱峰周期/s谱峰因子表面流速/(m·s–1
工况1稳态风11.4规则波3.7912.10
工况2稳态风11.4规则波3.7912.10.3420
工况3稳态风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30
工况4稳态风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30.3420
工况5湍流风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30
工况6湍流风11.4不规则波3.7912.13.30.3420
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647250505792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Average values of surge, heave and pitch motions under condition 3 and condition 4 using three calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m8.7269.4137.875%8.7419.69010.849%–0.5310.569–207.075%
垂荡运动幅度/m–0.034–0.0365.254%–0.227–0.2290.854%–0.386–0.3952.397%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)3.5243.490–0.959%2.8452.790–1.945%–0.001–0.0181 303.077%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647342780481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

工况3和工况4下3种计算方式纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动幅度平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m8.7269.4137.875%8.7419.69010.849%–0.5310.569–207.075%
垂荡运动幅度/m–0.034–0.0365.254%–0.227–0.2290.854%–0.386–0.3952.397%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)3.5243.490–0.959%2.8452.790–1.945%–0.001–0.0181 303.077%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647409889346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Standard deviations of surge, heave and pitch motions under condition 3 and condition 4 using three calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m0.5220.57510.143%0.5560.66619.693%0.4020.384–4.423%
垂荡运动幅度/m0.2730.273-0.117%0.2410.222–8.079%0.4600.402–12.589%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)0.3140.3160.672%0.2360.226–4.045%0.0580.052–11.113%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647506358339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

工况3和工况4下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动标准偏差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m0.5220.57510.143%0.5560.66619.693%0.4020.384–4.423%
垂荡运动幅度/m0.2730.273-0.117%0.2410.222–8.079%0.4600.402–12.589%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)0.3140.3160.672%0.2360.226–4.045%0.0580.052–11.113%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647586050116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Maximum values of surge, heave and pitch motions under condition 3 and condition 4 using three calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m10.75011.7979.734%10.75011.85010.233%1.7661.8977.410%
垂荡运动幅度/m1.0801.078–0.161%0.9960.913–0.083%1.2661.140–9.941%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)4.6414.589–1.114%3.5543.495–1.660%0.2050.185–9.799%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647669936197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

工况3和工况4下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差工况3工况4偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m10.75011.7979.734%10.75011.85010.233%1.7661.8977.410%
垂荡运动幅度/m1.0801.078–0.161%0.9960.913–0.083%1.2661.140–9.941%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)4.6414.589–1.114%3.5543.495–1.660%0.2050.185–9.799%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647745433670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Average values of surge, heave and pitch motions under condition 5 and condition 6 using three calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m7.4518.20110.066%7.9378.95412.813%–0.5310.569–207.156%
垂荡运动幅度/m–0.028–0.0307.143%–0.225–0.2270.889%–0.386–0.3952.332%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)3.0182.982–1.193%2.6132.554–2.258%–0.001–0.0181 700.000%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647812542535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

工况5和工况6下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动平均值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m7.4518.20110.066%7.9378.95412.813%–0.5310.569–207.156%
垂荡运动幅度/m–0.028–0.0307.143%–0.225–0.2270.889%–0.386–0.3952.332%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)3.0182.982–1.193%2.6132.554–2.258%–0.001–0.0181 700.000%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647904817224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Standard deviations of surge, heave and pitch motions under condition 5 and condition 6 using three calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m1.1741.078–8.177%1.4561.188–18.407%0.4020.384–4.478%
垂荡运动幅度/m0.2700.2700.000%0.2520.222–11.905%0.4600.402–12.609%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)0.8610.859–0.232%0.4870.473–2.875%0.0580.052–10.345%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064647997091913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

工况5和工况6下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动标准偏差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m1.1741.078–8.177%1.4561.188–18.407%0.4020.384–4.478%
垂荡运动幅度/m0.2700.2700.000%0.2520.222–11.905%0.4600.402–12.609%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)0.8610.859–0.232%0.4870.473–2.875%0.0580.052–10.345%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064648064200778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.9, caption=

Maximum values of surge, heave and pitch motions under condition 3 and condition 4 using three calculation methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m10.96711.7727.340%10.75011.85010.233%1.7661.8977.418%
垂荡运动幅度/m1.0761.074–0.186%1.0860.940–13.444%1.2661.140–9.953%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)5.4425.406–0.662%4.0803.975–2.574%0.2050.185–9.756%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064648131309643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

工况3和工况4下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动最大值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目OpenFASTF2AAQWA
工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差工况5工况6偏差
纵荡运动幅度/m10.96711.7727.340%10.75011.85010.233%1.7661.8977.418%
垂荡运动幅度/m1.0761.074–0.186%1.0860.940–13.444%1.2661.140–9.953%
纵摇运动幅度/(°)5.4425.406–0.662%4.0803.975–2.574%0.2050.185–9.756%
), ArticleFig(id=1295064648215195724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=EN, label=Tab.10, caption=

Statistics on the power generation capacity of the FOWT

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目发电功率均值发电功率标准偏差发电功率最大值
数值/kW偏差数值/kW偏差数值/kW偏差
工况14 973.50.131%112.4–15.093%5 077.0–0.079%
工况24 980.095.55 073.0
工况34 995.20.001%51.7–2.036%5 131.0–0.468%
工况44 995.350.65 107.0
工况54 635.6–0.061%675.7–0.280%5 646.0–0.584%
工况64 632.8673.95 613.0
), ArticleFig(id=1295064648282304589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1295064637981094866, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

浮式风机发电功率统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目发电功率均值发电功率标准偏差发电功率最大值
数值/kW偏差数值/kW偏差数值/kW偏差
工况14 973.50.131%112.4–15.093%5 077.0–0.079%
工况24 980.095.55 073.0
工况34 995.20.001%51.7–2.036%5 131.0–0.468%
工况44 995.350.65 107.0
工况54 635.6–0.061%675.7–0.280%5 646.0–0.584%
工况64 632.8673.95 613.0
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海流对半潜型浮式风力发电机运动响应及发电功率的影响
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刘江 1, 2 , 曹越 1 , 华涛 1 , 翁培奋 1, 2 , 王明勇 3
热力发电 | 退役风光设备资源化利用专题 2026,55(1): 73-84
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热力发电 |退役风光设备资源化利用专题 2026 , 55 (1) : 73 -84
海流对半潜型浮式风力发电机运动响应及发电功率的影响
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刘江1, 2 , 曹越1, 华涛1, 翁培奋1, 2, 王明勇3
作者信息
  • 1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306
  • 2.上海热交换系统节能工程技术研究中心,上海 200090
  • 3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
作者简介:

刘江(1980),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为风力发电机组气动设计及载荷分析,

Effects of ocean current on motion response and power output of semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbines
Jiang LIU1, 2 , Yue CAO1, Tao HUA1, Peifen WENG1, 2, Mingyong WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2.Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai 200090, China
  • 3.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507126
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海上浮式风机在海洋环境中会受到多种因素的影响,这些海洋环境会显著改变浮式风机的运动状态,进而使风机的发电性能发生改变。研究了不同风浪条件下海流对半潜型浮式风力发电机运动响应的影响,并比较分析了海流对风力机发电功率的影响。选取半潜型浮式平台和5 MW风力机作为研究对象,采用OpenFAST、FAST to AQWA(F2A)和AQWA软件进行仿真。首先,在稳态风规则波、稳态风不规则波和湍流风不规则波3种环境条件下,分别计算了浮式平台的纵荡、垂荡、纵摇运动响应以及发电功率;然后,计算添加海流因素之后上述海况下的运动响应和发电功率。结果表明:海流主要对纵荡运动产生较大影响,最大差异达到13%,但对垂荡运动和纵摇运动的影响相对较小;在3种环境条件下的发电功率计算中,海流对风力发电机的平均发电功率和最大发电功率没有影响,工况间的差异小于1%,但在较复杂的工况下,发电功率的标准偏差差异较小,海流不会对发电功率的变化震荡程度产生影响。

浮式风机  /  半潜式  /  海流  /  发电功率

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are affected by various factors in the marine environment, which can significantly alter their motion states and thereby affect their power generation performance. The influences of ocean currents on motion response of the FOWTs under different wind and wave conditions are investigated, and their impacts on power output are also studied. A semi-submersible floating platform equipped with a 5 MW wind turbine is selected as the research object, and simulations are conducted using OpenFAST, FAST to AQWA (F2A), and AQWA software. The surge, heave, and pitch motion responses of the floating platform, as well as the power generation output, are calculated under three environmental conditions: steady wind with regular waves, steady wind with irregular waves, and turbulent wind with irregular waves. The motion responses and power generation output are then recalculated after the incorporation of ocean currents. The results indicate that ocean currents primarily have a significant impact on surge motion, with a maximum difference of up to 13%, while their effects on heave and pitch motions are relatively minor. In the calculation of power output under the three environmental conditions, ocean currents show no influence on the average or maximum power generation output of the wind turbine, with differences of less than 1% between cases. Additionally, under more complex conditions, the standard deviation of power generation output exhibits minimal variation, suggesting that ocean currents do not affect the fluctuation intensity of power output.

floating offshore wind turbine  /  semi-submersible  /  ocean current  /  power generation output
刘江, 曹越, 华涛, 翁培奋, 王明勇. 海流对半潜型浮式风力发电机运动响应及发电功率的影响. 热力发电, 2026 , 55 (1) : 73 -84 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507126
Jiang LIU, Yue CAO, Tao HUA, Peifen WENG, Mingyong WANG. Effects of ocean current on motion response and power output of semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbines[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2026 , 55 (1) : 73 -84 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507126
随着中国可再生能源的发展,海上风电以其风速大、稳定、切变小、噪音污染小、不占用土地资源等优点受到关注[1]。海上浮式风机是捕获风能的主要设备,可分为上部涡轮机、下部浮动平台和系泊系统3部分。上部涡轮机用于捕获风能并将其转化为电能[2],浮动平台用于提供浮力并保持整体稳定,系泊系统用于限制浮式风机的移动并提供安全性和稳定性[3]。由于浮式风机在实际运行过程中会受到各种海洋因素的影响,包括风、浪、海流和海洋生物等,这些环境因素都会对浮式风机的运动响应产生影响,并进一步影响浮式风机的整体发电效率[4]。因此,预测浮式风机对环境负荷的动态响应是一项挑战。
目前,学者们在考虑不同环境因素对浮式风机运动响应的影响时,主要分析的环境因素是风和波浪的综合影响[5-9],却没有考虑水流对浮式风机运动响应的影响。事实上,水流是浮式风机的潜在重要负载源,会对平台和系泊缆线产生持续的横向阻力[10]。DNV海洋工程标准还建议在系泊模拟中考虑海流的影响[11]。然而,过去在使用线性化或准静态系泊模型时忽略了海流对系泊管线的影响[12]。海流会影响海上浮式风机系泊系统的工作条件,并导致系泊缆线的静态、动态和阻尼响应[13]。此外,对于整个浮式系统,海流会导致涡流引起的运动、静态偏移以及浮式平台上增强的波浪力[14],从而改变浮式风机的运动响应。
此外,由于洋流和波浪都是由海洋变化产生的,它们之间存在共同作用[15]。当波浪和洋流共同传播时,洋流和波浪之间的相互作用会导致频移和波浪参数的变化[16-19]。当波浪和水流共同传播时,水流和波浪之间的相互作用会导致频率偏移和波浪参数的变化,通过这种相互作用,水流对波浪场的影响相对较大,进而影响浮式风机在运行期间和极端条件下的响应。水流和波浪之间的相互作用可能会增加平台的平均浪涌漂移力[20],也会导致浮式风机上部结构的疲劳[21]。除了由海洋因素引起的洋流外,还有风产生的洋流[22]。因此,不仅需要考虑水流和波浪之间的相互作用对浮式风机运动的影响,还需要结合风载荷,研究浮式风机在风、波浪和水流3种环境因素共同作用下的运动响应。Kareem等人[23]分析了张力脚平台在风、波浪和水流共同作用下的运动响应。Ye和Ji[24]以5 MW单立柱式海上风力机为研究对象,分析了其在海流、波浪和风的相互作用下的运动响应,结果表明浮式风机的平均位移主要由风荷载引起,而标准偏差主要由波浪荷载引起。随后,Buljac和Kozmar等人[25]结合前人的研究,采用实验方法研究了Spar型浮式风机3个主要负载分量(风、波浪和水流)的影响,以及当1个负载分量单独作用或与其他负载分量同时作用时的差异。结果表明,水流产生的力是造成浮式风机整体平均负载的主要因素,波浪是不稳定载荷的主要来源,而在给定风速下,风对浮式风机载荷的影响相对较小。
目前,在风、波浪和水流的共同作用下,对半潜型浮式风力发电机的分析研究较少。因此,本文以5 MW海上半潜型浮式风机为研究对象,利用OpenFAST、FAST to AQWA(F2A)和AQWA软件平台,分别研究不同风浪组合下海流对半潜型浮式风机整体纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动响应的影响,并通过对浮式风机发电功率的研究,说明海流对浮式风机发电性能的影响。
目前,常用的浮式平台结构包括Spar型、半潜式和张力腿式。其中,半潜式平台因其稳定性好和适用水深范围广的优势而被广泛应用[26]。因此,本文采用了美国国家可再生能源实验室(national renewable energy laboratory, NREL)发布的5 MW风机[27]以及OC4项目定义的半潜型浮式平台[28],具体参数见表1
本文采用OpenFAST、FAST to AQWA(F2A)和AQWA软件对浮式风机进行分析。OpenFAST软件的流程如图1所示。其中,AeroDyn模块用于接收风场以计算风机产生的风载荷,ElastoDyn模块用于计算风机塔架和平台组件的受力及运动状态,HydroDyn模块用于设置波浪和洋流以计算浮式平台上的水动力载荷,MoorDyn模块用于设置系泊线相关参数并计算系泊线张力等载荷,ServoDyn模块则用于控制风机的偏航和变桨状态。
F2A软件流程如图2所示。在该程序中,作用在浮式风机上的风载荷以及塔架的运动状态仍然通过Fast软件进行模拟和计算,而水动力模块则通过AQWA软件进行模拟。在求解风机上部结构的运动方程时,利用Fast子程序计算得到的平台位移、速度和加速度对风机的运动进行修正,同时将风机产生的塔底载荷代入AQWA软件中求解浮式平台的运动响应。两者之间的数据通过动态链接库(dynamic link library, DLL)进行传递,从而实现Fast与AQWA软件的耦合计算。
此外,为了对比分析并验证耦合计算的可行性,在AQWA软件中创建了1个海上半潜型浮式风机模型(图3)。该模型整体包括上部风机、下部浮式平台以及系泊系统。
浮式风机的运动时域方程为[29]
(m+A)X¨(t)+D1X˙(t)+D2f(X˙)+K(X)X+0th(tτ)X˙(τ)dτ=q(t,X,X˙)
式中:m为结构质量矩阵;A为无限频率下的附加质量矩阵;D1为线性阻尼矩阵;D2表示非线性阻尼矩阵;KX)为静水恢复刚度矩阵;ht-τ)为迟滞函数;XX˙X¨分别为浮式结构的位移、速度和加速度;q为整体外部激励载荷,包括系泊载荷、一阶波浪载荷、二阶波浪载荷以及基础载荷。
分别使用OpenFAST和F2A软件对浮式平台进行自由衰减运动分析,得到浮式风机六自由度自由衰减周期见表2。从表2可以看出,2种计算方法得到的浮式风机自由衰减周期与文献[29]中的自由衰减周期偏差在±5%以内,表明所建立的模型可用于分析研究。
在进行水动力计算之前,还需在AQWA软件中判断模型网格质量是否合格。本文通过比较近场法和远场法的波浪平均漂移力来判断网格质量。近场法通过湿表面积分求解平均漂移力,依赖于计算网格;而远场法则通过动量定理求解平均漂移力[30]。当2种方法的结果趋势一致时,可以近似认为网格满足要求,结果如图4所示。
为了充分考虑实际海洋环境参数,本文选取了6种环境工况进行研究,具体工况如表3所示。以5 MW风机的额定风速作为风速条件,湍流风由TurbSim软件生成的Kaimal谱湍流风场生成。波浪参数参考额定风速下的海洋环境,利用JONSWAP谱生成的波浪场生成不规则波浪。
首先,考虑在稳态风和规则波条件下,海流因素对于海上浮式风机各项运动响应的影响。为了充分研究海上浮式风机整体的运动响应,分析数据的总模拟时间为4 000 s,为了避免仿真模拟开始时的瞬态响应影响,所有工况只统计2 000 s之后的数据,为了更直观地显示浮式风机运动响应的区别,以下图表选取2 000~2 500 s之间的数据。
海上浮式风机在3种计算方式下的纵荡运动响应如图5所示。从图5可以看出,由于环境条件按稳态风和规则波输入,所以浮式风机的运动响应显示为周期性变化。3种计算方式下,均是工况2所计算的浮式风机纵荡运动幅值大于工况1条件下所计算的幅值,说明海流对于浮式风机的纵荡响应这一自由度有较为明显的影响。
此外,对比3种计算方式所计算的纵荡运动幅值。图5虚线分别对应2个工况下所计算的均值,可以看出由F2A软件所计算的浮式风机纵荡响应均值在工况1和工况2下的差异较大,这是因为AQWA和OpenFAST软件在计算水动力时采用了不同的理论。
海上浮式风机的垂荡运动响应如图6所示。3种计算软件在工况1和工况2条件下所计算得到的浮式风机垂荡运动差别不大。尤其是OpenFAST软件2个工况的垂荡运动几乎没有差异,由于F2A软件的水动力模块是在AQWA中进行计算的,F2A软件和AQWA软件计算2个工况下的垂荡运动之间的差异都比较小,可以忽略不计。浮式风机垂荡运动的变化是因为海流正向冲击浮式平台,没有给浮式平台施加垂向力,无法使浮式风机产生较大的垂荡运动差异。而AQWA软件所计算的垂荡运动响应的周期略长,这是因为该软件本身没有考虑风轮旋转给浮式风机带来的载荷影响。
海上浮式风机的纵摇运动响应如图7所示。可以看出,在工况1和工况2下浮式风机的纵摇运动规律基本一致,均呈现周期性变化,工况之间的差异不大,说明海流因素对浮式风机的纵摇运动没有太大影响。
图8为海上浮式风机在工况3和工况4下纵荡运动响应,其具有和工况1和工况2下同样的差异,但因为采用了不规则波,浮式风机的整体运动响应呈现为非周期性变化。在工况4条件下浮式风机的纵荡运动幅值要明显大于工况3条件下的幅值,且由AQWA软件计算得到的海上浮式风机纵荡运动2个工况下的差异较大,进一步说明在计算海流对浮式风机运动的影响时,AQWA软件作为水动力计算模块具有更好的敏感性,而OpenFAST软件所计算的浮式风机纵荡运动具有保守性。
图9为海上浮式风机在工况3和工况4下垂荡运动响应。根据图9可以看出,在工况3和工况4下,海上浮式风机的垂荡运动响应几乎没有差异。由AQWA软件所计算的垂荡运动幅值最大,均值差值在0.01 m左右;而OpenFAST和F2A软件计算所得2个工况下的浮式风机垂荡运动响应没有很大差异,均值差异均为0.002 m,说明海流因素对浮式风机的垂荡运动影响作用很小。此外,由于AQWA软件所计算的浮式风机运动响应没有考虑风力机气动载荷的影响,故和工况1、工况2的变化一致,AQWA软件所计算的浮式风机垂荡运动响应变化没有OpenFAST和F2A软件计算的垂荡运动变化剧烈。
图10为海上浮式风机在工况3和工况4下纵摇运动响应。基于图10可以看出:海上浮式风机纵摇运动响应在工况3和工况4条件下的差异不大;3种计算方式下,仍是AQWA软件计算得到的浮式风机纵荡运动均值差值较大,OpenFAST软件所计算的纵摇运动响应均值差值较小。由此说明,海流对海上浮式风机的纵摇运动没有较大的影响,而同样AQWA软件对于水动力模块的计算具有更好的反馈,能够更好地反映出海流对于海上浮式风机运动响应的影响。
表4为工况3和工况4下3种计算方式纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动幅度平均值。由表4可以发现,添加海流后3种计算方式下的浮式风机纵荡运动幅度均值均有所增大,但垂荡和纵摇运动均值在2个工况下差异不明显。由表4可知,AQWA软件所计算的纵摇运动幅度相对偏差较大。这是因为在工况3下,浮式风机的纵摇运动所呈现出的变化角度十分微小。工况4下,经过计算得出的纵摇运动均值,相较于OpenFAST和F2A软件所算出的纵荡运动均值要小;但是该纵摇运动均值明显要比工况3下通过AQWA软件所计算出来的运动均值更大。所以,AQWA软件所计算的纵摇运动相对偏差较大,但浮式风机整体的纵摇运动仍在可控范围内。这进一步说明了AQWA软件能够更好地反映水动力因素的变化。此外,数据表明海流主要影响了浮式风机的纵荡运动响应。
表5为工况3和工况4下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动标准偏差。通过表5对于海上浮式风机运动响应标准偏差统计的分析可知,由OpenFAST和F2A软件所计算的纵荡运动标准偏差在工况3和工况4下差异较大,而AQWA软件所计算的标准偏差差异较小。这可能是因为在添加风力机气动载荷后,浮式风机的纵荡运动受到了更大的扰动。同时,在垂荡和纵摇方向上,浮式风机运动响应的标准偏差差异不大,说明在添加海流后主要对浮式风机的纵荡运动响应产生了较大的影响,使风机纵荡运动更加剧烈。另外,F2A软件计算所得各方向上的运动标准偏差均大于OpenFAST软件所计算的运动响应标准偏差,说明AQWA软件能更好地反映海洋环境的变化对于浮式风机运动状态的影响。
表6为纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动最大值。由表6可以看出,在OpenFAST和F2A软件计算方式下,仍是纵荡运动下的运动响应最大值在2个工况下差异最大,而垂荡和纵摇运动下的运动响应最大值差异在±5%以下,进一步说明海流因素主要影响了浮式风机的纵荡运动。对比3种计算方式,在浮式风机的纵荡和纵摇运动过程中,由OpenFAST软件和F2A软件所计算的运动响应最大值明显大于由AQWA软件所计算的最大值,这就说明在浮式风机纵荡和纵摇运动方向上除了受到海洋因素对其的影响外,还会受到浮式风机上部风轮气动载荷的影响。
图11为工况5和工况6下浮式风机纵荡运动幅值。由图11可以看出,在湍流风和不规则波下,工况6下浮式风机的纵荡运动响应幅值明显大于工况5的运动幅值,同样浮式风机的运动响应在风和波浪的双重影响下更加复杂。结合图11中2个工况下的幅值均值来看,和前面2组工况的变化一致,由AQWA软件所计算的浮式风机纵荡运动响应在添加海流后变化较大,其次是F2A所计算的运动响应差异,由OpenFAST软件计算的差异最小。再次说明了海流对浮式风机的纵荡运动有影响,并且AQWA软件在计算水动力模块时具有一定的优势。
图12为工况5和工况6下浮式风机垂荡运动幅值。由图12可见,在工况5和工况6条件下3种计算方式所得到的浮式风机垂荡运动响应差异很小。但工况6下F2A软件所计算的垂荡运动震荡幅度大于工况5,同时AQWA软件所计算的浮式风机垂荡运动变化程度要小于其他2个软件计算的垂荡运动,表明浮式风机在加装风力机的气动载荷后,其垂荡运动特性发生了显著变化。通过深入比较分析发现,尽管海洋环境中存在多种复杂因素,但海流对浮式风机系统的垂荡运动影响程度相对有限。
图13为工况5和工况6下浮式风机纵摇运动响应。由图13可以看出:3个计算方式在添加海流后浮式风机的纵摇运动响应均值的最大差异值在0.1°之内,略大于添加海流后的浮式风机垂荡运动响应差异,但远远小于浮式风机的纵荡运动响应的差异;同时F2A和AQWA软件所计算的纵摇运动在受到海流的影响后震荡的幅度产生了变化,扰动更加剧烈。在添加海流后,浮式风机的纵摇和垂荡运动没有受到太大的影响,海流主要影响了浮式风机的纵荡运动响应。
浮式风机纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动响应的均值统计如表7所示。可以看出,浮式风机的纵荡运动响应均值的差异最大,垂荡和纵摇方向上的运动响应差异较小,2个工况的偏差在±5%左右,这与表4显示一致。虽然AQWA软件所计算的纵摇运动响应的偏差非常大,但实际的差异值很小,可以忽略不计。以上数据进一步说明海流因素对浮式风机的纵荡运动影响较大,而对垂荡和纵摇运动没有什么影响。
表8为工况5和工况6下纵荡、垂荡和纵摇运动标准偏差。由表8可知,OpenFAST和F2A所计算的纵荡运动标准偏差差异要大于其他2个方向下的标准偏差差异。此外,所有计算方式下工况6下的浮式风机运动响应标准偏差都小于工况5下的标准偏差。这可能是由于添加海流之后,浮式风机会产生额外的运动阻尼,虽然浮式风机的运动变得更加剧烈,但运动幅度更加集中于均值附近。说明添加海流之后,浮式风机整体运动响应的标准偏差会减小,降低浮式风机运动响应的震荡幅度。
表9为工况3和工况4下纵荡运动、垂荡运动和纵摇运动最大值。由表9分析可知:工况6下纵荡运动响应最大值的数值差异大于其他2个方向下的数值差异;同时,AQWA和F2A所计算的工况6下浮式风机纵荡运动最大值大于工况5下的运动最大值,而垂荡和纵摇运动的最大值小于工况5下的运动最大值,另外工况5和工况6下运动响应最大值的差异基本都在±10%以内。这就说明了海流因素会加剧浮式风机纵荡运动的幅度,而增大纵荡运动响应的最大值,并且会减小垂荡和纵摇运动的幅度,但是整体运动响应最大值的变化幅度在可控范围内。
不同环境条件下OpenFAST和F2A软件计算得到的浮式风机运动响应变化规律基本一致。但在添加海流之后,F2A计算的运动响应变化更加明显,能够更好地反映环境因素对浮式风机运动状态的影响;并且F2A软件采用AQWA来计算水动力载荷,即保留了OpenFAST软件的可编译性,又结合了AQWA软件的可视化和对水动力计算的敏感性。所以在下文主要针对F2A软件计算的结果进行分析。
每个工况下浮式风机发电功率时间历程如图14所示。由于工况1和工况2采用的环境条件都是规则变化的,其浮式风机发电功率最终的显示形式也是周期性变化。对比工况1和工况2的可以看出,工况1下风机发电功率变化幅度大于工况2下发电功率的变化,风机发电功率每次降低对应着浮式风机运动响应的变化。此外,在工况3和工况4下由于受到不规则波的影响,则风机发电功率的变化规律呈现为非周期性变化。
分析图8图10可知,浮式风机每次运动响应变化的加剧会导致风机发电功率降低。在海况从规则波变为不规则波后,风机发电功率的变化程度减弱了,使发电功率更加集中于5 MW,但在添加海流之后发电功率的变化不明显。而工况5和工况6,在受到湍流风和不规则波的双重影响下,风机发电功率的变化更加剧烈;对比工况5和工况6,添加海流因素后并未显著影响风机的整体发电功率,整体的发电功率变化趋势基本一致。
结合图7图10图13浮式风机运动响应来看,浮式风机的纵摇运动对其发电性能具有显著影响。当浮式风机发生纵摇运动时,风机叶轮与来流风向之间的夹角会产生变化,这直接导致风机叶片有效迎风面积的波动,从而改变了风轮对风能的捕获效率。风轮迎风面积的动态变化进一步引起了风机输出功率的显著波动。但添加海流之后主要是浮式风机的纵荡运动产生了较大的运动变化,而纵摇运动的差异不大,所以海流并未对风机的发电功率产生较大的影响。
表10为浮式风机发电功率统计。由表10可以看出:工况两两对比下,风机发电功率的均值差异很小;对比工况2、工况4和工况6,虽然工况4下的风机发电功率均值最大,但和工况2下的发电功率均值差异不大,工况6下的发电功率均值最小;工况5和工况6下发电功率标准偏差最大,在添加海流之后风机发电功率变化的标准偏差都会有所减小,这和上文的浮式风机纵摇运动标准偏差的变化一致。随着环境因素复杂性的增加,工况之间发电功率标准偏差的差异在逐渐下降,说明在更复杂的环境条件下海流对浮式风机发电功率的稳定性影响会有一定程度的减弱。发电功率最大值差异也很小,偏差最大在0.584%。进一步说明添加海流之后并未对风机发电功率的变化产生太大的影响,其均值和最大值没有太大变化,只是添加海流前后发电功率标准偏差减小。其次,波浪因素对风力机发电性能有一定影响,但影响有限,影响风力机发电性能的最主要因素还是风载荷变化。
分别利用OpenFAST、F2A和AQWA这3个软件平台,研究了在稳态风规则波、稳态风不规则波和湍流风不规则波3种基本海况下,加入海流对海上浮式风机运动响应以及发电能力的影响。
1)海流对浮式风机的作用力主要沿浮式风机的纵荡运动方向,且不会在浮式风机的垂直方向上施加力。此外,由于海流作用力在浮式风机重心附近,它无法使浮式风机产生较大的扭矩。这些因素导致浮式风机在加入海流的海况下时,其纵荡运动发生显著变化,但垂荡和纵摇方向的运动响应并未受到明显影响。
2)由于在预测流体动力载荷时,AQWA软件能更好地展示流体动力参数变化对浮式风机运动的影响,使用AQWA作为流体动力处理模块的F2A软件计算出各工况结果间的差异,通常大于OpenFAST计算出的偏差。同时,随着海况复杂程度的增加,浮式风机运动响应平均值的差异都会增大。这表明更复杂海况下,海流引起的浮式风机运动响应的变化更为明显。
3)浮式风机的发电能力主要与风速和迎风面积有关。在湍流风的影响下,风力机的发电能力变化更为剧烈。由于海流主要影响浮式风机的纵荡运动,而对浮式风机的纵摇运动变化影响很小,因此海流几乎不会改变上部风力涡轮机的迎风面积,海流对浮式风机发电功率平均值和最大值的影响都在1%以下。随着环境因素变得更加复杂,发电功率标准偏差的差异逐渐减小,这表明复杂海况下加入海流会提高浮式风机发电的稳定性。
  • 上海市2020年度“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(20dz1205302)
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2026年第55卷第1期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202507126
  • 接收时间:2025-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-08-14
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-20
  • 修回日期:2025-08-18
  • 录用日期:2025-08-19
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Shanghai’s 2020 Annual Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan: Social Development and Science & Technology Project(20dz1205302)
上海市2020年度“科技创新行动计划”社会发展科技攻关项目(20dz1205302)
作者信息
    1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306
    2.上海热交换系统节能工程技术研究中心,上海 200090
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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