Article(id=1236714918695719027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721750400000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772785413668, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772785413668, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772785413668, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772785413668, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236714913599648374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772785412454, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772785487409, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236715228050813334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236715228050813335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=33, endPage=42, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236714919903678624, articleId=1236714918695719027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Thermal characteristics analysis of double-layer cascaded capsule composite phase change energy storage material based on pore scale, columnId=1236714914522395257, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Energy storage technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The development of efficient energy storage technologies is critical as global energy demand rises and environmental issues become increasingly serious. Large eddy simulation is employed to model the phase change heat storage process in a packed bed system consisting of a double-layer cascade capsule-stacked structure based on the pore scale. The temperature, streamlines, and vortex distributions of phase change materials (PCMs) with various melting points and physical properties are investigated within the structure. The thermal characteristics of the capsule-type stacked structure are analyzed at different entrance velocities, and the simulation results are validated by experimental data. The simulation results demonstrate that, the interstitial flow and vorticity fields of the stacked structure exhibit significant dynamic characteristics during heat storage. At the pore scale, the phase transition induces streamline bending, vortex formation, and the increase of local velocity. After the phase transition, the flow field and vorticity tends to stabilize, with low-vorticity regions occupying most of the area. Eventually, the vortex structure is analyzed by the Q-criterion, revealing that the high-intensity vortices are primarily concentrated near the tank wall.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Mingxuan LI, Linsong JIANG, Shaoyi SUO, Xinle YANG, Maozhao XIE), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236714924232200552, articleId=1236714918695719027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于孔隙尺度的双层级联式胶囊型复合相变储能材料热特性分析, columnId=1236714914694361723, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=储能技术研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着全球能源需求的增加和环境问题的日益严峻,开发高效储能技术尤为重要。基于孔隙尺度,应用大涡模拟对双层级联式胶囊堆积结构填充床系统的相变储热过程进行了模拟;探讨不同熔点和物理性质的相变材料在该结构中的温度、流线及涡量分布情况,分析了在不同入口速度下胶囊型堆积结构的热特性,并通过实验结果对模拟进行了验证。模拟结果表明:储热过程中,堆积结构间隙流场和涡量场表现出显著动态特征;在孔隙尺度下可观察到,相变导致流线弯曲和涡旋形成,使得局部速度升高;相变完成后,流场和涡量趋于稳定,低涡量区占据大部分区域;最后,引用Q准则分析流体中的涡结构,得出高强度涡旋主要集中在靠近罐壁处。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
姜霖松(1991),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多孔介质相关湍流和传热,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BBJbMv3HZ4mw+ENU0FkUtg==, magXml=WviqYOQ2PE9V/HYuQte4XQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=EXJiB2mK0AFUnHUqq1H/jQ==, pdfFileSize=1615986, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=vBMDLEZTZ+SqgKIo05GR5Q==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=KpW77ffqy5AR+99SEU86+Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李明轩(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为相变储能材料热性能,

, authorsList=李明轩, 姜霖松, 索少一, 杨新乐, 解茂昭)}, authors=[Author(id=1236714924748099990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lmx0770@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714924836180379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714924748099990, language=EN, stringName=Mingxuan LI, firstName=Mingxuan, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714924907483552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714924748099990, language=CN, stringName=李明轩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099, bio={"content":"

李明轩(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为相变储能材料热性能,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李明轩(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为相变储能材料热性能,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714924500636029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924521607551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924550967681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099)])]), Author(id=1236714925008146855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=JiangLinsong2023@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714925129781681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714925008146855, language=EN, stringName=Linsong JIANG, firstName=Linsong, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714925255610812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714925008146855, language=CN, stringName=姜霖松, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714924500636029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924521607551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924550967681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099)])]), Author(id=1236714925326913985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714925427577289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714925326913985, language=EN, stringName=Shaoyi SUO, firstName=Shaoyi, middleName=null, lastName=SUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714925503074769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714925326913985, language=CN, stringName=索少一, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714924500636029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924521607551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924550967681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099)])]), Author(id=1236714925591155161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714927063355871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714925591155161, language=EN, stringName=Xinle YANG, firstName=Xinle, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714927193379300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714925591155161, language=CN, stringName=杨新乐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714924500636029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924521607551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924550967681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099)])]), Author(id=1236714927264682474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714927348568561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714927264682474, language=EN, stringName=Maozhao XIE, firstName=Maozhao, middleName=null, lastName=XIE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Energy & Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714927478591992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, authorId=1236714927264682474, language=CN, stringName=解茂昭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.大连理工大学能源与动力工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714924634853769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924639048075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924634853769, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Energy & Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924643242379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924634853769, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.大连理工大学能源与动力工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236714927587643906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=phase change material for energy storage), Keyword(id=1236714927663141384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=capsule type), Keyword(id=1236714927818330641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=pore scale), Keyword(id=1236714927910605336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=large eddy simulation), Keyword(id=1236714927998685725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=stacking bed), Keyword(id=1236714928086766117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=相变储能材料), Keyword(id=1236714928191623728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=胶囊型), Keyword(id=1236714928292287032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=孔隙尺度), Keyword(id=1236714928392950330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=大涡模拟), Keyword(id=1236714928506196545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=堆积床)], refs=[Reference(id=1236714936714449647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=186, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=LIU L, SHAO S, journalName=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU L, SHAO S. Recent advances of low-temperature cascade phase change energy storage technology: a state-of-the-art review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, 186: 113641., articleTitle=Recent advances of low-temperature cascade phase change energy storage technology: a state-of-the-art review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936894804724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=23, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=SALMAN R, ALJABAIR S, journalName=International Journal of Thermofluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SALMAN R, ALJABAIR S. “Energy storage technology: the growing role of phase change materials in the construction industry” a review[J]. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2024, 23: 100712., articleTitle=“Energy storage technology: the growing role of phase change materials in the construction industry” a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936991273722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=272, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=YAN K, FENG Y, QIU L, journalName=Solar Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN K, FENG Y, QIU L. Thermal and photo/electro-thermal conversion characteristics of high energy storage density expanded graphite/polyethylene glycol shaped composite phase change materials[J]. Solar Energy, 2024, 272: 112477., articleTitle=Thermal and photo/electro-thermal conversion characteristics of high energy storage density expanded graphite/polyethylene glycol shaped composite phase change materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937079354110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=增刊1, pageStart=262, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=曾媛, 杨雪, 陈杨华, journalName=化工新型材料, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾媛, 杨雪, 陈杨华. 月桂酸-十四酸/纳米二氧化硅/活性炭复合相变储能材料的制备与性能研究[J]. 化工新型材料, 2022, 50(增刊1): 262-266., articleTitle=月桂酸-十四酸/纳米二氧化硅/活性炭复合相变储能材料的制备与性能研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937159045889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=Suppl.1, pageStart=262, pageEnd=266, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=ZENG Yuan, YANG Xue, CHEN Yanghua, journalName=New Chemical Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Yuan, YANG Xue, CHEN Yanghua. Preparation and performance of lauric acid-tetradecanoic acid/nanosilica/activated carbon composite phase change energy storage materials[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2022, 50(Suppl.1): 262-266., articleTitle=Preparation and performance of lauric acid-tetradecanoic acid/nanosilica/activated carbon composite phase change energy storage materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937268097795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=179, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=YANG C, GUO H, SUN H, journalName=Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG C, GUO H, SUN H, et al. A graphene-CuNWs@PAMPS mixed aerogel for composite phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and excellent solar-thermal to electrical conversion[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2024, 179: 108473., articleTitle=A graphene-CuNWs@PAMPS mixed aerogel for composite phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and excellent solar-thermal to electrical conversion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937360372490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=226, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ZHANG Q, XUE T, TIAN J, journalName=Composites Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Q, XUE T, TIAN J, et al. Polyimide/boron nitride composite aerogel fiber-based phase-changeable textile for intelligent personal thermoregulation[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2022, 226: 109541., articleTitle=Polyimide/boron nitride composite aerogel fiber-based phase-changeable textile for intelligent personal thermoregulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937469424398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=175, pageEnd=181, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZOU T, FU W, LIANG X, journalName=International Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZOU T, FU W, LIANG X, et al. Preparation and performance of modified calcium chloride hexahydrate composite phase change material for air-conditioning cold storage[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2018, 95: 175-181., articleTitle=Preparation and performance of modified calcium chloride hexahydrate composite phase change material for air-conditioning cold storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937574282000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=667, issue=null, pageStart=269, pageEnd=281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=GUO Q, YI H, JIA F, journalName=Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Q, YI H, JIA F, et al. Novel MoS2/montmorillonite hybrid aerogel encapsulated PEG as composite phase change materials with superior solar-thermal energy harvesting and storage[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 667: 269-281., articleTitle=Novel MoS2/montmorillonite hybrid aerogel encapsulated PEG as composite phase change materials with superior solar-thermal energy harvesting and storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937649779478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=255, issue=null, pageStart=381, pageEnd=395, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHANG S, YAN Y, JIN Y, journalName=Solar Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG S, YAN Y, JIN Y, et al. Comprehensive thermal energy storage analysis of ceramic foam-enhanced molten salt in a shell-and-tube unit[J]. Solar Energy, 2023, 255: 381-395., articleTitle=Comprehensive thermal energy storage analysis of ceramic foam-enhanced molten salt in a shell-and-tube unit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937750442777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=180, issue=null, pageStart=291, pageEnd=297, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=ZHU L, LI S, LI Y, journalName=Construction and Building Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU L, LI S, LI Y, et al. Novel applications of waste ceramics on the fabrication of foamed materials for exterior building walls insulation[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 180: 291-297., articleTitle=Novel applications of waste ceramics on the fabrication of foamed materials for exterior building walls insulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937851106076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=82, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=REFAHI A, ROSTAMI A, AMANI M, journalName=Journal of Energy Storage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REFAHI A, ROSTAMI A, AMANI M. Implementation of a double layer of PCM integrated into the building exterior walls for reducing annual energy consumption: effect of PCM wallboards position[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 82: 110556., articleTitle=Implementation of a double layer of PCM integrated into the building exterior walls for reducing annual energy consumption: effect of PCM wallboards position, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937955963680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LIU G, LI Q, WU J, journalName=Journal of Energy Storage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU G, LI Q, WU J, et al. Improving system performance of the refrigeration unit using phase change material (PCM) for transport refrigerated vehicles: an experimental investigation in South China[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 51: 104435., articleTitle=Improving system performance of the refrigeration unit using phase change material (PCM) for transport refrigerated vehicles: an experimental investigation in South China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938073404199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=13, authorNames=CHENG G, WANG Z, TANG T, journalName=Journal of Energy Storage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG G, WANG Z, TANG T, et al. A novel double-layer lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on composite PCM optimized heat dissipation and preservation in cold climates[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 85: 110992., articleTitle=A novel double-layer lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on composite PCM optimized heat dissipation and preservation in cold climates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938178261802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=207, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=14, authorNames=YUN B Y, KANG Y, KIM Y U, journalName=Building and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YUN B Y, KANG Y, KIM Y U, et al. Practical solutions with PCM for providing thermal stability of temporary house, school and hospital in disaster situations[J]. Building and Environment, 2022, 207: 108540., articleTitle=Practical solutions with PCM for providing thermal stability of temporary house, school and hospital in disaster situations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938295702319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=81, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=15, authorNames=ZHOU Q, ZHANG J, JI Q, journalName=Journal of Energy Storage, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Q, ZHANG J, JI Q, et al. Optimization of PCM layer height of cascaded two-layered packed-bed thermal energy storage tank with capsules of varying diameters based on genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 81: 110504., articleTitle=Optimization of PCM layer height of cascaded two-layered packed-bed thermal energy storage tank with capsules of varying diameters based on genetic algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938387977010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=282, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=16, authorNames=WANG W, SHUAI Y, HE X, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG W, SHUAI Y, HE X, et al. Influence of tank-to-particle diameter ratio on thermal storage performance of random packed-bed with spherical macro-encapsulated phase change materials[J]. Energy, 2023, 282: 128779., articleTitle=Influence of tank-to-particle diameter ratio on thermal storage performance of random packed-bed with spherical macro-encapsulated phase change materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938455085877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=68, issue=增刊1, pageStart=282, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=17, authorNames=麻世鸿, 何峻杰, 王秋旺, journalName=科学通报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=麻世鸿, 何峻杰, 王秋旺, 等. 应用于深井脉冲源装备的有序堆积相变胶囊热防护数值研究[J]. 科学通报, 2023, 68(增刊1): 282-292., articleTitle=应用于深井脉冲源装备的有序堆积相变胶囊热防护数值研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938513806137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=68, issue=Suppl.1, pageStart=282, pageEnd=292, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=18, authorNames=MA Shihong, HE Junjie, WANG Qiwang, journalName=Science Bulletin, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Shihong, HE Junjie, WANG Qiwang, et al. Numerical study on thermal protection of ordered stacked phase change capsules applied to deep-well pulse source equipment[J]. Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(Suppl.1): 282-292., articleTitle=Numerical study on thermal protection of ordered stacked phase change capsules applied to deep-well pulse source equipment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938585109308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=119, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=19, authorNames=MABROUK R, NAJI H, DHAHRI H, journalName=International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MABROUK R, NAJI H, DHAHRI H, et al. Numerical investigation of porosity effect on a PCM’s thermal performance in a porous rectangular channel via thermal lattice Boltzmann method[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 119: 104992., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of porosity effect on a PCM’s thermal performance in a porous rectangular channel via thermal lattice Boltzmann method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938673189698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=33, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ABBASI M, MOUSAVI S M, LEE B J, journalName=Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ABBASI M, MOUSAVI S M, LEE B J, et al. Examination of the effects of porosity upon intensification of thermal storage of PCMs in a shell-and-tube type system[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2022, 33: 101963., articleTitle=Examination of the effects of porosity upon intensification of thermal storage of PCMs in a shell-and-tube type system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938757075781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=55, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=21, authorNames=BIAN Z, HOU F, CHEN J, journalName=Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BIAN Z, HOU F, CHEN J, et al. Numerical analysis on the effect of graded porosity in closed-cell metal foams/PCM composites[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2024, 55: 104145., articleTitle=Numerical analysis on the effect of graded porosity in closed-cell metal foams/PCM composites, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938853544773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=256, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=22, authorNames=YANG G, XU R, WANG Y, journalName=Chemical Engineering Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG G, XU R, WANG Y, et al. Pore-scale numerical simulations of flow and convective heat transfer in a porous woven metal mesh[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 256: 117696., articleTitle=Pore-scale numerical simulations of flow and convective heat transfer in a porous woven metal mesh, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938929042251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=221, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=23, authorNames=KHOSHTARASH H, SIAVASHI M, RAMEZANPOUR M, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHOSHTARASH H, SIAVASHI M, RAMEZANPOUR M, et al. Pore-scale analysis of two-phase nanofluid flow and heat transfer in open-cell metal foams considering Brownian motion[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 221: 119847., articleTitle=Pore-scale analysis of two-phase nanofluid flow and heat transfer in open-cell metal foams considering Brownian motion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714939012928332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=155, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=24, authorNames=LIAW K L, KURNIA J C, SALLIH N, journalName=International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIAW K L, KURNIA J C, SALLIH N, et al. Heat transfer analysis of subcooled flow boiling in copper foam helical coiled heat exchanger: a pore-scale numerical study[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 155: 107514., articleTitle=Heat transfer analysis of subcooled flow boiling in copper foam helical coiled heat exchanger: a pore-scale numerical study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714940480934734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=225, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=25, authorNames=HE X, QIU J, WANG W, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE X, QIU J, WANG W, et al. Optimization design and performance investigation on the cascaded packed-bed thermal energy storage system with spherical capsules[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 225: 120241., articleTitle=Optimization design and performance investigation on the cascaded packed-bed thermal energy storage system with spherical capsules, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714940627735376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=341, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=26, authorNames=ECHAVARRÍA-MONTAÑA S, VELÁSQUEZ S, BUENO N, journalName=Fluids, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ECHAVARRÍA-MONTAÑA S, VELÁSQUEZ S, BUENO N, et al. Semi-implicit finite volume procedure for compositional subsurface flow simulation in highly anisotropic porous media[J]. Fluids, 2021, 6: 341., articleTitle=Semi-implicit finite volume procedure for compositional subsurface flow simulation in highly anisotropic porous media, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236714936282436318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, awardId=12302374; 12202165, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(12302374; 12202165), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714936383099617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, awardId=12302374; 12202165, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金青年基金(12302374; 12202165), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714936500540134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, awardId=JYTQN2023201, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(JYTQN2023201), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714936601203436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, awardId=JYTQN2023201, language=CN, fundingSource=辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTQN2023201), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714924500636029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924521607551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924550967681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924500636029, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236714924634853769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924639048075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924634853769, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Energy & Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714924643242379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, companyId=1236714924634853769, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.大连理工大学能源与动力工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236714928640414283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of 3D structure of the filled bed, figureFileSmall=/znSo+zcuV76CVaPjCazDg==, figureFileBig=vBMDLEZTZ+SqgKIo05GR5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928745271889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图1, caption=填充床三维结构示意, figureFileSmall=/znSo+zcuV76CVaPjCazDg==, figureFileBig=vBMDLEZTZ+SqgKIo05GR5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928946598495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic structure of capsules of different PCMs, figureFileSmall=J239gAeEuKpMK02uGOZgRQ==, figureFileBig=K8JFIBo5qStI3AOnTgsr1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929051456099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2种不同PCM胶囊结构示意, figureFileSmall=J239gAeEuKpMK02uGOZgRQ==, figureFileBig=K8JFIBo5qStI3AOnTgsr1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929177285226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Observation points of the PCM, figureFileSmall=UNTyNr6jvS9HSkkkNGIpig==, figureFileBig=5oJBIyQ7mt3+A4T1dKUidQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929286337136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PCM观察点, figureFileSmall=UNTyNr6jvS9HSkkkNGIpig==, figureFileBig=5oJBIyQ7mt3+A4T1dKUidQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929407971958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of mesh cross-section (X=0 m) in the pore-scale calculation area, figureFileSmall=UcIp6tFjYpUzghfjM2gLsQ==, figureFileBig=nudda4FvIv/tf4HUPNTv/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929470886524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图4, caption=孔隙尺度计算区域网格截面(X=0 m)示意, figureFileSmall=UcIp6tFjYpUzghfjM2gLsQ==, figureFileBig=nudda4FvIv/tf4HUPNTv/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929563161220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Temperature distribution at cross section (X=0 m) of the filled bed, figureFileSmall=T5RZbx+sZpYlHu5D6LmzbQ==, figureFileBig=r9me/gCXzKaew4qKD44FVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929705767561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图5, caption=填充床截面处(X=0 m)温度分布, figureFileSmall=T5RZbx+sZpYlHu5D6LmzbQ==, figureFileBig=r9me/gCXzKaew4qKD44FVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929789653645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Schematic diagram of gas-solid two-phase distribution (X=0 m), figureFileSmall=fUfijAu4OxHbA3Br+TlvOg==, figureFileBig=pcRTXfSILLkLQVCe02ai2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929886122640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图6, caption=气固两相分布示意(X=0 m), figureFileSmall=fUfijAu4OxHbA3Br+TlvOg==, figureFileBig=pcRTXfSILLkLQVCe02ai2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714929990980247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Validation of numerical calculation results, figureFileSmall=SiUcZAQie59ljrXbkzilcQ==, figureFileBig=TqUBQ7i5VicPSaxFYQJBgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714930104226463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图7, caption=数值计算结果验证, figureFileSmall=SiUcZAQie59ljrXbkzilcQ==, figureFileBig=TqUBQ7i5VicPSaxFYQJBgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714931559649953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Temperature distribution in Z=0.027 2 m section at 0.154 s, 0.180 s, and 0.206 s with different inlet velocities, figureFileSmall=az0vJHibwFK8CGrc9rNHCA==, figureFileBig=xdNEZHnfOwDrC5r1EoJzbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714931672896168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同入口速度下0.154、0.180、0.206 s时Z=0.027 2 m截面温度分布, figureFileSmall=az0vJHibwFK8CGrc9rNHCA==, figureFileBig=xdNEZHnfOwDrC5r1EoJzbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714931760976553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Schematic representation of streamline changes during the phase transition of PCM2 capsules, figureFileSmall=J4az0wlNq+3AmLiEfq7fyQ==, figureFileBig=2EAg9+8HzS3hHeuqwOGEVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714931878417071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图9, caption=PCM2胶囊相变过程中流线变化示意, figureFileSmall=J4az0wlNq+3AmLiEfq7fyQ==, figureFileBig=2EAg9+8HzS3hHeuqwOGEVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714931983274675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Changes of temperature inside the capsule, figureFileSmall=9ol/pVvZ1SAodi9mz1JJXw==, figureFileBig=8+f2Ss5s7UXeMZCw0++ZYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714932075549367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图10, caption=胶囊内部温度分布变化, figureFileSmall=9ol/pVvZ1SAodi9mz1JJXw==, figureFileBig=8+f2Ss5s7UXeMZCw0++ZYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714932167824060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=The steamlines at the beginning of heating, beginning and end of melting at the Z=0.607 8 m section, figureFileSmall=zcv6WzzEUiHuitw7H+Fstw==, figureFileBig=1px5LXoqFDnUWDHiO1mq1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714932255904447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图11, caption=Z=0.607 8 m截面处加热初期、融化初期与末期流线, figureFileSmall=zcv6WzzEUiHuitw7H+Fstw==, figureFileBig=1px5LXoqFDnUWDHiO1mq1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714932356567744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The vorticity at the beginning of heating, melting and end of heating at Z=0.027 2 m section, figureFileSmall=10NmDaDaKNvUlr89GtpozA==, figureFileBig=6dMOyECePaivOrk/3vqfIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714932469813960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图12, caption=Z=0.027 2 m截面加热初期、融化初期与末期涡量, figureFileSmall=10NmDaDaKNvUlr89GtpozA==, figureFileBig=6dMOyECePaivOrk/3vqfIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714932604031692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Q-code vortex structure under LES, figureFileSmall=Psi7oms1+spGcRH0p9/Ggw==, figureFileBig=cLlwqsp3fay9VZzSxdtYfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714934575354579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=图13, caption=大涡模拟下Q准则涡旋结构, figureFileSmall=Psi7oms1+spGcRH0p9/Ggw==, figureFileBig=cLlwqsp3fay9VZzSxdtYfw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714936022389461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Properties of PCM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目PCM1胶囊(NaNO3PCM2胶囊(KNO3
内径/mm48.058.0
壁厚/mm1.51.5
密度/(kg⋅m–3)2 200(固)/1 900(液)2 260(固)/2 340(液)
比热容/(J⋅(kg⋅K)–1)1 810(固)/2 240(液)1 860(固)/1 830(液)
黏度/(kg⋅(m⋅s)–1)0.001 20.001 5
熔融化热/(J⋅kg–1)171 000334 000
), ArticleFig(id=1236714936144024281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714918695719027, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PCM性质

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目PCM1胶囊(NaNO3PCM2胶囊(KNO3
内径/mm48.058.0
壁厚/mm1.51.5
密度/(kg⋅m–3)2 200(固)/1 900(液)2 260(固)/2 340(液)
比热容/(J⋅(kg⋅K)–1)1 810(固)/2 240(液)1 860(固)/1 830(液)
黏度/(kg⋅(m⋅s)–1)0.001 20.001 5
熔融化热/(J⋅kg–1)171 000334 000
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于孔隙尺度的双层级联式胶囊型复合相变储能材料热特性分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
李明轩 1 , 姜霖松 1 , 索少一 1 , 杨新乐 1 , 解茂昭 2
热力发电 | 储能技术研究 2025,54(3): 33-42
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 储能技术研究 2025, 54(3): 33-42
基于孔隙尺度的双层级联式胶囊型复合相变储能材料热特性分析
全屏
李明轩1 , 姜霖松1 , 索少一1, 杨新乐1, 解茂昭2
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099
  • 2.大连理工大学能源与动力工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024
  • 李明轩(1999),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为相变储能材料热性能,

通讯作者:

姜霖松(1991),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多孔介质相关湍流和传热,
Thermal characteristics analysis of double-layer cascaded capsule composite phase change energy storage material based on pore scale
Mingxuan LI1 , Linsong JIANG1 , Shaoyi SUO1, Xinle YANG1, Maozhao XIE2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123099, China
  • 2.School of Energy & Power Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182
文章导航
收藏切换

随着全球能源需求的增加和环境问题的日益严峻,开发高效储能技术尤为重要。基于孔隙尺度,应用大涡模拟对双层级联式胶囊堆积结构填充床系统的相变储热过程进行了模拟;探讨不同熔点和物理性质的相变材料在该结构中的温度、流线及涡量分布情况,分析了在不同入口速度下胶囊型堆积结构的热特性,并通过实验结果对模拟进行了验证。模拟结果表明:储热过程中,堆积结构间隙流场和涡量场表现出显著动态特征;在孔隙尺度下可观察到,相变导致流线弯曲和涡旋形成,使得局部速度升高;相变完成后,流场和涡量趋于稳定,低涡量区占据大部分区域;最后,引用Q准则分析流体中的涡结构,得出高强度涡旋主要集中在靠近罐壁处。

相变储能材料  /  胶囊型  /  孔隙尺度  /  大涡模拟  /  堆积床

The development of efficient energy storage technologies is critical as global energy demand rises and environmental issues become increasingly serious. Large eddy simulation is employed to model the phase change heat storage process in a packed bed system consisting of a double-layer cascade capsule-stacked structure based on the pore scale. The temperature, streamlines, and vortex distributions of phase change materials (PCMs) with various melting points and physical properties are investigated within the structure. The thermal characteristics of the capsule-type stacked structure are analyzed at different entrance velocities, and the simulation results are validated by experimental data. The simulation results demonstrate that, the interstitial flow and vorticity fields of the stacked structure exhibit significant dynamic characteristics during heat storage. At the pore scale, the phase transition induces streamline bending, vortex formation, and the increase of local velocity. After the phase transition, the flow field and vorticity tends to stabilize, with low-vorticity regions occupying most of the area. Eventually, the vortex structure is analyzed by the Q-criterion, revealing that the high-intensity vortices are primarily concentrated near the tank wall.

phase change material for energy storage  /  capsule type  /  pore scale  /  large eddy simulation  /  stacking bed
李明轩, 姜霖松, 索少一, 杨新乐, 解茂昭. 基于孔隙尺度的双层级联式胶囊型复合相变储能材料热特性分析. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (3) : 33 -42 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182
Mingxuan LI, Linsong JIANG, Shaoyi SUO, Xinle YANG, Maozhao XIE. Thermal characteristics analysis of double-layer cascaded capsule composite phase change energy storage material based on pore scale[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (3) : 33 -42 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182
近年来随着科技不断发展和人口数量持续增长,能源需求不断攀升。根据国际能源署2021年预测,直至2050年,全球能源需求将增长50%。当前,全球致力于将以化石能源为主导的体系转型为可再生能源体系,当务之急便是寻求新型可再生能源取代传统化石能源。然而,多数可再生能源由于自身的不稳定性,限制了其在能源系统中的广泛应用。
在这一背景下,相变储能技术[1-2]脱颖而出,即相变材料(phase change materials,PCM)通过吸收或释放相变潜热来储存和释放能量。但在实际应用中,大多单一的PCM导热性能较差。因此,研究人员主要专注于研发复合相变储能材料,将PCM与其他材料复合,使其具有高能量密度[3]、高热稳定性[4]和高导热性[5],在热能管理与存储方面展现了广泛的应用潜力[6-8]
根据结构的不同,复合相变储能材料主要分为泡沫陶瓷结构和胶囊型堆积结构。Zhang等人[9]发现,使用填充至内管高度的陶瓷泡沫能够最显著提高热能储存效率。Zhu等人[10]通过研究泡沫和黏土含量对试样性能的影响,得出当泡沫和黏土质量分数均为10%时综合性能最佳。
尽管泡沫陶瓷结构在众多应用中具有优势,但在导热性能、温度稳定性、热管理系统和能源消耗方面,与胶囊型堆积结构相比存在一定的不足。胶囊型堆积结构是将PCM封装在胶囊中,以实现高效的能量储存和释放。一些学者针对胶囊型堆积结构的动态特性开展了相关研究。Refahi等人[11]的研究表明,通过在1栋4层楼中不同楼层高度放置PCM墙板,最高可实现6.6%的供暖节能和2.8%的制冷节能。Liu等人[12]研究了一种用于道路冷藏车辆的先进相变冷藏储能单元,得出相变冷却储能单元显著提高了冷藏车性能并降低了能源成本。Cheng等人[13]研究一种基于复合PCM的双层电池热管理系统,在高低温环境下均能有效平衡电池的散热和保温性能,有助于电池的安全高效运行。不仅如此,在面对多种自然灾害下以及COVID-19病毒的威胁时,Yun等人[14]发现使用PCM可以显著提高临时建筑的室内温度稳定性,提供更舒适的环境。
在储热过程中胶囊型堆积结构表现出极高的复杂性,并且胶囊的排列方式直接影响填充床系统的储热性能[15-17],孔隙率和孔隙尺度也决定了PCM内部的热传递效应[18-20]。这些微观结构的特征使得宏观结构难以观察复合PCM的储热过程。因此,为了深入了解胶囊型堆积结构复合相变储能材料的特性,基于孔隙尺度的模拟显得尤为必要。孔隙尺度的模拟不仅可以细致观察微观尺度上热传递与相变过程的细节,还可以有效提升传热效率[21-23]。本文基于孔隙尺度应用大涡模拟对双层级联式胶囊堆积结构填充床系统的储热过程进行模拟,分析温度、流线及涡量分布,并且结合Q准则识别涡结构,进而明确涡旋结构的分布规律。
基于填充床的容积比与胶囊的尺度,建立了合适的三维几何模型,其示意如图1所示,主要结构由1个圆柱形储热罐和2个截锥体组成。两侧截锥体可以使传热流体更加平滑的进入储热罐,实现压力和温度的均匀分布。储热罐高度为670 mm,内径为305 mm,壁厚为10 mm,进出口管的直径为50 mm,并与截锥体相连。
虽然随机堆积更加接近实际,但会产生巨大的计算量。而有序堆积具有规则性和对称性,简化了计算过程和边界条件处理,不仅提高数值稳定性,还极大地降低了计算量。为了更好的与实验数据对比[24],本文采用双层级联式有序堆积填充方式,将圆柱形储热罐分成上下体积比为1:1的双层结构,在储热罐上方填充熔点低的51 mm小尺寸胶囊,下方填充熔点高的61 mm大尺寸胶囊(图2)。这种填充方式在储热过程中能快速吸收和存储大量热能的优势。较小直径的胶囊提供更大的表面积,有助于更快速的热传递,而较大直径的胶囊可以存储更多的热量。胶囊内分别填充NaNO3、KNO3 2种不同的PCM,并且为了提高模拟结果的准确性,在上层预留10%的空气,PCM物理性质见表1。由于铝的导热性良好且固液相温度均高于NaNO3、KNO3 2种PCM,故在加热过程中将胶囊外壳材料设置为铝。PCM1、PCM2胶囊观察点如图3所示。
分别选取较靠近入口的PCM1与PCM2胶囊,以考察PCM在相变过程的温度变化趋势。
模拟时基于整体区域进行网格划分。为了更准确捕捉复杂几何结构,优化计算效率,由多面体网格元素生成计算网络。孔隙尺度计算区域网格截面(X=0 m)示意如图4所示。
进行动态仿真时,为了降低计算需求并确保实验的稳定性,做出如下假设。
1)空气为不可压缩流体。
2)PCM1凝固时密度为2 200 kg/m3,融化时为1 900 kg/m3;PCM2凝固时密度为2 260 kg/m3,融化时为2 340 kg/m3
3)忽略填充床与环境的换热,边界条件假设为绝热壁面。
4)填充床中的胶囊采用规则排列,不考虑表面粗糙度。
1)根据实验数据[24],设置2个对比算例,入口速度分别为Vin,1=7.07 m/s,Vin,2=35.4 m/s。
2)入口温度Tin=648.15 K。
3)空气的最高温度达到648.15 K,但考虑到系统的热交换效率和实际运行过程中可能存在的温度波动,模拟选择将回流总温度设置为略低于最高温度,则出口回流总温度为Tout=583.15 K。
4)根据文献[24],初始状态时,高温空气从下至上进入填充床。此时,空气初始温度为室温(293.15 K),与传热流体相接触的PCM胶囊外壳与内部PCM的初始温度为298.15 K。
初始状态时,填充床截面处(X=0 m)温度分布如图5所示,初始温度条件下气固两相分布(X=0 m)如图6所示。
模拟中需考虑NaNO3和KNO3 2种PCM与空气之间相互掺混的情况,同时模型存在封闭边界需要增强稳定性,故使用半隐式离散化处理体积分数方程。例如,Echavarría-montaña等人[25]在解决多孔介质中地下多相流动的数值模拟问题时,采用半隐式有限体积方法,有效提高了数值精度。半隐式有限体积方法在处理多相流在多孔介质中的复杂性问题时,实现在捕捉瞬态行为的精度同时与大规模模拟的计算效率之间达成平衡。
隐式公式的离散化体积分数方程为:
Saq+p=1n(m˙pqm˙qp)=Vaqn+1ρqn+1aqnρqnΔtV+f(ρqn+1Ufn+1aq,fn+1)
式中:n+1为当前时间步长的索引;n为前一个时间步长的索引;aqn+1为在时间步n+1中某单元格内的体积分数;aqn为在时间步n中某单元格内的体积分数;aq,fn+1为在时间步n+1中面上第q个体积分数;Ufn+1为在时间步n+1中通过某面的体积通量;V为单元体积。
基于不可压缩N-S方程的直接滤波,会产生复杂的解析尺度湍流方程,因此本文使用了Favre滤波方法,得到不可压缩LES控制方程。
1)相变储能材料控制方程
解决熔化和凝固问题的控制方程是动量守恒、质量守恒方程和能量守恒。
质量守恒方程:
ρ¯t+(ρu˜i)xi=0
能量方程:
(ρ¯h˜)t+(ρ¯u˜ih˜)xj=xj(kTxj)+τ˜ij,sgsxj+Se
动量方程:
(ρ¯u˜i)t+(ρ¯u˜iu˜j)xj=pxi+τ˜ij,sgsxj+ρ¯gi+Sm
τij,sgs=2vsgsSij+1ξτkk,sgsδij
式中:τij,sgs为亚格子应力项,表征小尺度涡对湍流运动方程的影响;Sm为与熔化和凝固过程中液相和固相之间的“糊状”界面区域的特征相关动量集;Se为一个能源项;上标“-”和“~”为物理空间滤波和Favre滤波。
2)球间孔隙内空气控制方程
质量守恒方程:
ρ¯t+(ρu˜i)xi=0
气体能量方程:
(ρ¯h˜)t+(ρ¯u˜ih˜)xjxj(usgsCpPrsgsTxi)=xj(λTxi)
气体动量方程:
(ρ¯u˜i)t+(ρ¯u˜iu˜j)xj2xj(μSGSSij)=p¯xi+σijxj
式中:ρhTui分别为密度、焓、温度和i方向速度;v为流体运动黏性系数;S˜ij为流体的应变率张量;σ˜ij为反应过程变量。
进出口边界条件设定为质量流量入口和压力出口。控制方程在计算过程中使用有限体积法和二阶迎风式离散化处理。基于SIMPLE方法求解压力和速度之间的耦合,压力方法使用PRESTO格式。为确定连续性、动量和能量方程的收敛程度,收敛残差分别取10–3、10–6和10–6。模拟中时间步长为0.4 s,每个时间步长的最大迭代次数设置为20次,通过有限体积方法进行数值求解。
3)亚格子方程
在大涡模拟下,需要使用离散化的纳维-斯托克斯方程进行求解;而对于小尺度涡旋则需要采用适当的亚格子模型进行计算。亚格子模型应采用壁面自适应局部涡黏模型(WALE):
vsgs=(CWΔ)2(SijdSijd)3/2(SijSij)5/2+(SijdSijd)5/4
式中:Δ=VC1/3为空间滤波尺度,即网格单元的平均尺度;模型常数CW = 0.325;Sijd为空间滤波后速度梯度张量平方的无迹对称部分。
Sijd=12(ui˜xkuk˜xj+uj˜xkuk˜xi)13δijuk˜xiui˜xk
通过网格独立性检验,网格使用数为1 961 385,网格划分最小间隔为3.3 mm。设定与文献[24]中相同的边界条件,对比储热罐中轴线3/4高度处流体温度随时间变化的实验测试结果与模拟结果,对比结果如图7所示。
图7可知,数值模拟结果趋势与实验结果吻合较好,相对误差小于5%,证明本研究采用的数值方法准确可靠。
图8为加热初期空气在不同入口速度下,储热罐Z=0.027 2 m截面温度分布变化情况。由图8可见:受入口直径大小影响云图中心位置存在较高温度区;在低入口速度下,随加热进行,传热流体开始流动,高温逐渐从中心向四周扩散,形成较低的温度梯度,同时在小球各狭道处存在数个形态各异的温度峰。0.154 s时,温度云图显示出相对光滑的状态,大片中低温区域充斥着整个温度场;0.180 s时,边界处的温度峰发生细微形变,高温区域温度缓慢升高且向四周扩散,中低温区域大幅度增加;0.026 s后,中高温区进一步扩散。
与入口传热流体低速时相比,高速传热流体的流动特性更为显著。由图8可见,传热流体高速下温度分布表现出大片混乱和碎片化,存在多个高温度峰值,其附近的温度均匀性较差,温度梯度陡峭,存在复杂的褶皱情况。0.154 s时,入口传热流体低速时高温区与低温区分布显著,并在边界处出现明显的扭曲形变,扭曲程度更严重;0.180 s时,入口传热流体低速时边界处的扭曲程度加剧,高温区分布情况更为复杂;0.026 s后,褶皱区域进一步扩散。
当动能较低时,湍流流场中的扰动较小,湍流效应较弱,温度分布较为平滑且稳定;在动能较高时,流场中的扰动强,湍流效应显著,温度分布复杂且不均匀。并且由于传热流体的高速流动,热量传递快,使得温度峰值显著高于低速情况。综上所述,该模型在较高入口速度下能更好地捕捉湍流引起的强烈温度变化和流动现象,故本文模拟入口速度35.4 m/s下PCM在不同状态下的流场特性与涡量分布情况。
为了解储热过程中流速变化情况,对PCM2胶囊在相变前、相变过程中及相变结束后的流场情况进行分析(图9)。由图9可见,加热开始时,传热流体自下向上沿储热罐轴向流动,此时流场中的扰动较小,流动较为稳定,流线几乎平行分布,且流速处于较低的区间,没有相变发生迹象。随加热进行,PCM2胶囊堆积结构自下而上发生相变,此时在下半流场中,速度激增,流线受PCM2胶囊内相变材料融化影响出现明显弯曲现象,且与加热初相比,流线变得紧密,流动路径变得复杂,在底部区域出现大量不同尺寸涡旋。这是由于相变过程时,PCM2胶囊正从固态转变为液态,导致固体与液体体积之比发生变化,引起流体的剧烈运动。在上流场中,流线已经趋于稳定,流速较低,这是因为PCM1的相变温度较低,已经完成相变过程,进入液态显热储存阶段。相变结束后,流场中的流线趋于稳定,此时整个储热罐中的PCM全部熔化,但流线受到局部涡流的影响仍存在弯曲情况。
图10图3温度观察点处PCM1、PCM2胶囊内部温度变化情况。
图10可见:33.71 min时PCM1相变反应尚未开始,温度分布比较均匀,高温区从四周向中心扩散,此时PCM1不断吸收热量,但仍维持在固态,处于固态显热存储阶段;36.71 min时,PCM1小球内部开始发生相变反应,吸收大量的热,内部温度逐渐上升,部分固态PCM逐渐融化成液态,但温度维持在相变温度附近,此时处于相变潜热存储阶段;45.51 min时,相变反应结束,PCM1完全液化,温度进一步升高直至与传热流体温度持平,此时处于液态显热储存阶段。由于PCM2相变潜热较大,需要吸收更多热量才能完成相变,PCM2在51.71 min时处于相变潜热储存阶段,64.12 min时相变反应结束,处于液态显热储存阶段。
图11Z=0.607 8 m截面处,在加热初期、融化中期、融化末期与融化结束阶段随时间变化的流线分布情况。
图11可见,加热初期,流场中的流速较低,受入口半径影响,局部区域的温度快速升高,引起对流流动,导致流体层间产生速度差异,产生速度剪切,进而形成图中的准涡旋1。10 ms后,温度持续增加,空气密度发生变化,流速在一定幅度上升,准涡旋1随时间缓慢向右下移动,结构变得饱满,此时,热对流现象略有增强,但整体流速仍然较低。随加热进行,PCM1发生相变反应(图11c)),胶囊内部材料吸收大量热量,流场中速度梯度升高,流场中(0.052 8, 0.007 6)和(-0.051 0, -0.003 3)位置处存在2个尺寸不一的涡旋,其周围的流线分布复杂且无序,涡旋边界区域局部流体的速度显著提升,呈现出极高的速度梯度,并且准涡旋1在湍流作用下继续向右下方偏移,形成1个直径约23.29 mm的完整涡旋2。10 ms后(图11d)),随着相变反应接近结束,涡旋2在浮升力作用下移动至右下胶囊的近球壁内侧,涡旋尺寸增大,结构变更加清晰,此时涡旋2边界区域局部流体的速度进一步提升,这说明此区域的热对流过程的持续加强,而涡旋3、4消失,流线变得均匀,原涡旋区域内的局部速度显著降低。在融化的完成阶段(图11e)),PCM1刚由相变潜热存储阶段转换至液态显热储存阶段,此时流速达到峰值,热对流现象最为显著,系统内的热传递和对流强度达到最大,使液态PCM1迅速达到与空气温度,流场中高低速流体的分界区域明显,并且涡旋消失。10 min后(图11f)),流体流动趋于平稳,流场速度显著降低,这是由于此时温度已趋于均匀,温度梯度减小,从而降低了流场流速。
图12为KNO3胶囊在加热初期、融化中期、末期与融化结束阶段,在Z=0.027 2 m截面上涡量随时间变化情况。加热初期(图12a)),热量刚传输到流体中,涡量的扩散能力有限,此时涡量场表现出高度的稳定性;同时涡量强度相对较弱,均匀分布在胶囊的近球壁侧。5 ms后(图12b)),涡量略微增加。融化初期(图12c)),涡量分布开始显现出明显的不均匀性;与加热初期相比,狭道处存在大量较大尺度、高能量的涡量,此时涡动现象非常显著。5 ms后(图12d)),涡量分布更加复杂且涡旋强度进一步增大;多个尺度不一的涡量团组合成8个高强度的大涡量团,平均分散在小球靠近狭道处,此时高涡量区和低涡量区的分布清晰。相变反应接近完成时(图12e)),随着能量的消耗,涡量大幅度消散,漩涡强度大幅度减弱。相变反应完成阶段(图12f)),涡量进一步扩散和耗散,涡旋强度变的更弱;此时旋涡运动基本消散,涡量分布趋于均匀,低涡量区占据绝大部分面积,涡量场处于稳定状态。
图13为采用Q准则在不同强度Q=5×102,1×103,5×103,1×104下识别出的三维涡旋结构。当Q=5×102时(图13a)),识别出较低强度的涡旋结构表现出规则排列,紧密且集中,保持相对有序的结构。Q=1×103时(图13b)),流体的扰动能力开始增强,涡旋间的相互作用更加显著,此时涡旋结构表现出不连续的特征,涡旋间隙增大,低强度的涡旋结构被剥离出。随着Q值的进一步增大,涡旋结构表现得更加碎片化,并且在Q值达到1×104时,在近壁面处存在高强度的涡旋结构分布,涡旋显示出极高的分散性与不规律性,涡旋间的相互作用极为显著,无明显集中区域。综上表明:储热罐内部中轴线附近的涡旋强度较低,随着距中轴线距离的增加,涡旋强度逐渐增强,靠近罐壁的区域涡旋强度最高。这是由于罐壁附近的流体剪切力和壁面效应导致的湍流增强所致,这种涡旋强度的分布特征对储热罐的热传递具有重要影响。
本文应用大涡模拟对双层级联式胶囊堆积结构填充床系统的相变储热过程进行模拟,基于孔隙尺度探究相变材料在储能过程中的温度、流线及涡量分布情况,并且结合Q准则识别涡结构,进而明确涡旋结构的分布规律。通过数值模拟和实验验证,得出了以下结论。
1)在未发生相变时,PCM处于固态显热存储阶段,固态PCM的温度迅速上升;相变过程中,处于相变潜热存储阶段,PCM相变时温度稳定;相变反应结束后,处于液态显热存储阶段,液态PCM温度再次上升,直至与传热流体温度相等。
2)储热过程中,堆积结构间隙流场表现出显著的动态特征。相变前,流场稳定,流线平行且流速较低;相变过程中,胶囊融化引起流线弯曲,流动路径复杂化,产生尺寸不一的涡旋,涡旋边界处的局部速度显著升高;相变完成后,流场逐渐恢复稳定,流线趋于均匀,涡旋边界区域的局部速度明显降低。
3)在加热初期堆积结构间隙涡量场涡量扩散受到限制,表现出较弱的强度;融化初期,涡量分布不均匀,狭道处出现大尺度和高能量的涡量,涡动现象显著;随着相变接近完成,涡量大幅消散,涡旋强度逐渐减弱;相变完成后,涡量进一步扩散和耗散,低涡量区逐渐占据了大部分区域。
4)储热罐靠近中轴线处的涡旋强度较低,且涡旋强度从中轴线处向外逐渐增加,高强度的涡旋主要集中在靠近罐壁处。
  • 国家自然科学基金青年基金(12302374; 12202165)
  • 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTQN2023201)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
LIU L, SHAO S. Recent advances of low-temperature cascade phase change energy storage technology: a state-of-the-art review[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2023, 186: 113641.
[2]
SALMAN R, ALJABAIR S. “Energy storage technology: the growing role of phase change materials in the construction industry” a review[J]. International Journal of Thermofluids, 2024, 23: 100712.
[3]
YAN K, FENG Y, QIU L. Thermal and photo/electro-thermal conversion characteristics of high energy storage density expanded graphite/polyethylene glycol shaped composite phase change materials[J]. Solar Energy, 2024, 272: 112477.
[4]
曾媛, 杨雪, 陈杨华. 月桂酸-十四酸/纳米二氧化硅/活性炭复合相变储能材料的制备与性能研究[J]. 化工新型材料, 2022, 50(增刊1): 262-266.
ZENG Yuan, YANG Xue, CHEN Yanghua. Preparation and performance of lauric acid-tetradecanoic acid/nanosilica/activated carbon composite phase change energy storage materials[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2022, 50(Suppl.1): 262-266.
[5]
YANG C, GUO H, SUN H, et al. A graphene-CuNWs@PAMPS mixed aerogel for composite phase change materials with high thermal conductivity and excellent solar-thermal to electrical conversion[J]. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 2024, 179: 108473.
[6]
ZHANG Q, XUE T, TIAN J, et al. Polyimide/boron nitride composite aerogel fiber-based phase-changeable textile for intelligent personal thermoregulation[J]. Composites Science and Technology, 2022, 226: 109541.
[7]
ZOU T, FU W, LIANG X, et al. Preparation and performance of modified calcium chloride hexahydrate composite phase change material for air-conditioning cold storage[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2018, 95: 175-181.
[8]
GUO Q, YI H, JIA F, et al. Novel MoS2/montmorillonite hybrid aerogel encapsulated PEG as composite phase change materials with superior solar-thermal energy harvesting and storage[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 2024, 667: 269-281.
[9]
ZHANG S, YAN Y, JIN Y, et al. Comprehensive thermal energy storage analysis of ceramic foam-enhanced molten salt in a shell-and-tube unit[J]. Solar Energy, 2023, 255: 381-395.
[10]
ZHU L, LI S, LI Y, et al. Novel applications of waste ceramics on the fabrication of foamed materials for exterior building walls insulation[J]. Construction and Building Materials, 2018, 180: 291-297.
[11]
REFAHI A, ROSTAMI A, AMANI M. Implementation of a double layer of PCM integrated into the building exterior walls for reducing annual energy consumption: effect of PCM wallboards position[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 82: 110556.
[12]
LIU G, LI Q, WU J, et al. Improving system performance of the refrigeration unit using phase change material (PCM) for transport refrigerated vehicles: an experimental investigation in South China[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 51: 104435.
[13]
CHENG G, WANG Z, TANG T, et al. A novel double-layer lithium-ion battery thermal management system based on composite PCM optimized heat dissipation and preservation in cold climates[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 85: 110992.
[14]
YUN B Y, KANG Y, KIM Y U, et al. Practical solutions with PCM for providing thermal stability of temporary house, school and hospital in disaster situations[J]. Building and Environment, 2022, 207: 108540.
[15]
ZHOU Q, ZHANG J, JI Q, et al. Optimization of PCM layer height of cascaded two-layered packed-bed thermal energy storage tank with capsules of varying diameters based on genetic algorithm[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2024, 81: 110504.
[16]
WANG W, SHUAI Y, HE X, et al. Influence of tank-to-particle diameter ratio on thermal storage performance of random packed-bed with spherical macro-encapsulated phase change materials[J]. Energy, 2023, 282: 128779.
[17]
麻世鸿, 何峻杰, 王秋旺, 等. 应用于深井脉冲源装备的有序堆积相变胶囊热防护数值研究[J]. 科学通报, 2023, 68(增刊1): 282-292.
MA Shihong, HE Junjie, WANG Qiwang, et al. Numerical study on thermal protection of ordered stacked phase change capsules applied to deep-well pulse source equipment[J]. Science Bulletin, 2023, 68(Suppl.1): 282-292.
[18]
MABROUK R, NAJI H, DHAHRI H, et al. Numerical investigation of porosity effect on a PCM’s thermal performance in a porous rectangular channel via thermal lattice Boltzmann method[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 119: 104992.
[19]
ABBASI M, MOUSAVI S M, LEE B J, et al. Examination of the effects of porosity upon intensification of thermal storage of PCMs in a shell-and-tube type system[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2022, 33: 101963.
[20]
BIAN Z, HOU F, CHEN J, et al. Numerical analysis on the effect of graded porosity in closed-cell metal foams/PCM composites[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2024, 55: 104145.
[21]
YANG G, XU R, WANG Y, et al. Pore-scale numerical simulations of flow and convective heat transfer in a porous woven metal mesh[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2022, 256: 117696.
[22]
KHOSHTARASH H, SIAVASHI M, RAMEZANPOUR M, et al. Pore-scale analysis of two-phase nanofluid flow and heat transfer in open-cell metal foams considering Brownian motion[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 221: 119847.
[23]
LIAW K L, KURNIA J C, SALLIH N, et al. Heat transfer analysis of subcooled flow boiling in copper foam helical coiled heat exchanger: a pore-scale numerical study[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 2024, 155: 107514.
[24]
HE X, QIU J, WANG W, et al. Optimization design and performance investigation on the cascaded packed-bed thermal energy storage system with spherical capsules[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 225: 120241.
[25]
ECHAVARRÍA-MONTAÑA S, VELÁSQUEZ S, BUENO N, et al. Semi-implicit finite volume procedure for compositional subsurface flow simulation in highly anisotropic porous media[J]. Fluids, 2021, 6: 341.
2025年第54卷第3期
PDF下载
87
39
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182
  • 接收时间:2024-07-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-24
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(12302374; 12202165)
国家自然科学基金青年基金(12302374; 12202165)
Basic Research Projects of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(JYTQN2023201)
辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTQN2023201)
作者信息
    1.辽宁工程技术大学机械工程学院,辽宁 阜新 123099
    2.大连理工大学能源与动力工程学院,辽宁 大连 116024

通讯作者:

姜霖松(1991),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多孔介质相关湍流和传热,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407182
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏