Article(id=1236714915331887182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1721664000000, receivedDateStr=2024-07-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772785412867, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772785412867, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772785412867, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772785412867, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236714913599648374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772785412454, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772785487409, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236715228050813334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236715228050813335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=158, endPage=166, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236714915629682768, articleId=1236714915331887182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Pilot-scale experimental study on electrochemical coupling technology for circulating water treatment, columnId=1211002409397129992, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Power generation technology forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the rapid global industrialization and urbanization, ensuring continuous water supply and comprehensive water quality management has become a major challenge. Power plant cooling water consumption is significant, and to achieve zero discharge, many plants have adopted desalination measures to increase concentration ratios and enable water reuse. However, existing treatment technologies face high energy consumption, system complexity, and secondary pollution issues. To solve these problems, the application of electrochemical coupling pilot-scale equipment in cooling water treatment is experimentally studied, and the effects of electrochemical coupling pilot-scale equipment on scale removal, corrosion prevention and wastewater resource utilization are analyzed. The results show that, the equipment removes hardness and alkalinity significantly, and reduces conductivity and chloride ion content efficiently. Under conditions with voltage of 3.2 V and current of 240 A, the hardness removal rate reached the highest (5.15% and 55.77%, respectively), and under conditions with current of 250 A and voltage of 3.2 V, the alkalinity removal rate reached the highest (36.96% and 91.41%, respectively). The electrochemical coupling technology offers clear economic advantages compared with the conventional methods, providing an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solution for cooling water treatment with broad application prospects.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Long CHEN, Baohua ZHAO, Yanyun HU, Xiaona LIU, Tiancong JIA, Yan HE, Bowen LIANG, Shuangchen MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236714919626854544, articleId=1236714915331887182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=电化学耦合法处理循环水中试试验研究, columnId=1211002409581679375, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=发电技术论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

随着全球工业化和城市化的加速发展,水资源的持续供应和水质的综合管理已成为重大挑战。电厂循环冷却水排水水耗巨大,出于全厂零排放的需要,不少电厂开展了循环冷却水排水脱盐等措施以提高浓缩倍率,实现循环水回用,但现有处理技术存在能耗高、系统复杂、存在二次污染等问题。为此,试验研究了电化学耦合中试试验装置在循环水处理中的应用,分析了其在除垢、防腐和废水资源化方面的效果。试验结果表明:该试验装备在去除水中硬度和碱度方面表现出显著效果,并有效降低了水体的电导率和氯离子含量,在电压为3.2 V和电流为240 A的条件下,硬度去除率最高,去除率分别为5.15%和55.77%;在电流为250 A和电压为3.2 V的条件下,碱度去除率最高,去除率分别为36.96%和91.41%;电化学耦合技术相较于传统加药法和常规水处理技术,有明显的经济优势。电化学耦合技术是一种高效、环保、经济的循环水处理方案,具有广阔的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马双忱(1968),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为燃煤污染控制化学,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=UmUDtZD2snVKI5fDCpS7Tw==, magXml=ETssh4nmA1ThvKB31zxqqA==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=zqX7uw3wTzGWE79jOiIAFQ==, pdfFileSize=1790491, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=5st9FiZ40X0zjHn43/R+fA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RrOC9fR5RDtwhPV9YAqLKw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈龙(1982),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂运行与检修,

, authorsList=陈龙, 赵保华, 胡彦云, 刘晓娜, 贾天聪, 贺燕, 梁博文, 马双忱)}, authors=[Author(id=1236714920230834353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=15335501212@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920339886264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714920230834353, language=EN, stringName=Long CHEN, firstName=Long, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920436355262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714920230834353, language=CN, stringName=陈龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013, bio={"content":"

陈龙(1982),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂运行与检修,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

陈龙(1982),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂运行与检修,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919832375452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919840764062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919832375452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919849152670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919832375452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013)])]), Author(id=1236714920557990084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920641876169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714920557990084, language=EN, stringName=Baohua ZHAO, firstName=Baohua, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920738345168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714920557990084, language=CN, stringName=赵保华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919958204580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919966593189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919958204580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919979176101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919958204580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002)])]), Author(id=1236714920843202774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920981614813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714920843202774, language=EN, stringName=Yanyun HU, firstName=Yanyun, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714921111638243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714920843202774, language=CN, stringName=胡彦云, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919832375452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919840764062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919832375452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919849152670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919832375452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013)])]), Author(id=1236714921216495853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714922709668090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714921216495853, language=EN, stringName=Xiaona LIU, firstName=Xiaona, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714922801942786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714921216495853, language=CN, stringName=刘晓娜, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714920054673576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920067256491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920075645101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])]), Author(id=1236714922890023177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714922982297873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714922890023177, language=EN, stringName=Tiancong JIA, firstName=Tiancong, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923070378262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714922890023177, language=CN, stringName=贾天聪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919958204580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919966593189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919958204580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919979176101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919958204580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002)])]), Author(id=1236714923166847262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923292676388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714923166847262, language=EN, stringName=Yan HE, firstName=Yan, middleName=null, lastName=HE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923397533991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714923166847262, language=CN, stringName=贺燕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714920054673576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920067256491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920075645101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])]), Author(id=1236714923510780207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923628220729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714923510780207, language=EN, stringName=Bowen LIANG, firstName=Bowen, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923707912511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714923510780207, language=CN, stringName=梁博文, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714920054673576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920067256491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920075645101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])]), Author(id=1236714923775021384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, orderNo=7, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=msc1225@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923871490384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714923775021384, language=EN, stringName=Shuangchen MA, firstName=Shuangchen, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714923951182166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, authorId=1236714923775021384, language=CN, stringName=马双忱, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714920054673576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920067256491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920075645101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236714924060234077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=circulating cooling water), Keyword(id=1236714924144120163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=descaling), Keyword(id=1236714924215423335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=electrochemistry), Keyword(id=1236714924332863853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=circulating water treatment), Keyword(id=1236714924450304374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=pilot scale test), Keyword(id=1236714924580327812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=循环冷却水), Keyword(id=1236714924660019597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=除垢), Keyword(id=1236714924739711379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=电化学), Keyword(id=1236714924831986075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=循环水处理), Keyword(id=1236714924903289248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=中试)], refs=[Reference(id=1236714929819013775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=刘锦阳, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘锦阳. 工业循环水电化学法处理工艺的试验研究[D]. 西安: 西安石油大学, 2023: 1., articleTitle=工业循环水电化学法处理工艺的试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929907094164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=LIU Jinyang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jinyang. Experimental study on electrochemical treatment process of industrial recirculating water[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an Shiyou University, 2023:1., articleTitle=Experimental study on electrochemical treatment process of industrial recirculating water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929990980246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=马双忱, 马岚, 刘畅, journalName=化学工业与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马双忱, 马岚, 刘畅, 等. 电厂循环冷却水处理技术研究与应用进展[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2019, 36(1): 38-47., articleTitle=电厂循环冷却水处理技术研究与应用进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714930112615072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=1, pageStart=38, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=MA Shuangchen, MA Lan, LIU Chang, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Shuangchen, MA Lan, LIU Chang, et al. Research and application progress of power plant recirculating cooling water treatment technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2019, 36(1): 38-47., articleTitle=Research and application progress of power plant recirculating cooling water treatment technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931563844260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=16, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=工业循环冷却水处理设计规范: GB/T 50050—2017[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2017: 16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931677090473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=16, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Design specification for industrial circulating cooling water treatment: GB/T 50050—2017[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2017: 16., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931781948076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=101, issue=null, pageStart=88, pageEnd=92, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=SANJUÁN I, GARCÍA V, EXPÓSITO E, journalName=Electrochemistry Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANJUÁN I, GARCÍA V, EXPÓSITO E, et al. Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 101: 88-92., articleTitle=Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931878417070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=201, issue=1, pageStart=150, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=GABRIELLI C, MAURIN G, FRANCY-CHAUSSON H, journalName=Desalination, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GABRIELLI C, MAURIN G, FRANCY-CHAUSSON H, et al. Electrochemical water softening: principle and application[J]. Desalination, 2006, 201(1): 150-163., articleTitle=Electrochemical water softening: principle and application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931979080373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=姜琪, 苏艳, 黄倩, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜琪, 苏艳, 黄倩, 等. 一种火电厂循环水无药剂化电法联合处理工艺系统及方法: CN202010378235.X[P]. 2024-04-26[2024-05-30]., articleTitle=一种火电厂循环水无药剂化电法联合处理工艺系统及方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932075549368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=JIANG Qi, SU Yan, HUANG Qian, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Qi, SU Yan, HUANG Qian, et al. The invention relates to a process system and method for combined treatment of circulating water in a thermal power plant by medication-free electrochemical method: CN202010378235.X[P]. 2024-04-26[2024-05-30]., articleTitle=The invention relates to a process system and method for combined treatment of circulating water in a thermal power plant by medication-free electrochemical method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932172018362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=23, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王陆珠, journalName=安徽科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王陆珠. 工业废水综合治理及清洁生产[J]. 安徽科技, 2006(11): 23-25., articleTitle=工业废水综合治理及清洁生产, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932255904446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=23, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=WANG Luzhu, journalName=Anhui Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Luzhu. Comprehensive treatment and cleaner production of industrial wastewater[J]. Anhui Science and Technology, 2006(11): 23-25., articleTitle=Comprehensive treatment and cleaner production of industrial wastewater, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932390122181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=47, issue=12, pageStart=87, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=黄倩, 姜琪, 苏艳, journalName=工业安全与环保, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄倩, 姜琪, 苏艳, 等. 火电厂循环水无药剂化处理技术应用研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2021, 47(12): 87-90., articleTitle=火电厂循环水无药剂化处理技术应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932474008265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=47, issue=12, pageStart=87, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=HUANG Qian, JIANG Qi, SU Yan, journalName=Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Qian, JIANG Qi, SU Yan, et al. Application research of chemical-free treatment technology for recirculating water in thermal power plants[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 47(12): 87-90., articleTitle=Application research of chemical-free treatment technology for recirculating water in thermal power plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932608225997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=155, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=樊旭, journalName=煤炭与化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=樊旭. 电化学水处理技术在工业循环冷却水处理中的应用[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2018, 41(9): 155-158., articleTitle=电化学水处理技术在工业循环冷却水处理中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714934571160274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=41, issue=9, pageStart=155, pageEnd=158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=FAN Xu, journalName=Coal and Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN Xu. Application of electrochemical water treatment technology in industrial recirculating cooling water treatment[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry, 2018, 41(9): 155-158., articleTitle=Application of electrochemical water treatment technology in industrial recirculating cooling water treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936022389460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=340, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=MENG X, ZENG P, LIN S, journalName=Journal of Environmental Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MENG X, ZENG P, LIN S, et al. Removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen from high salinity tungsten smelting wastewater by one-step electrochemical oxidation: From bench-scale test, pilot-scale test, to industrial test[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 340: 117983., articleTitle=Removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen from high salinity tungsten smelting wastewater by one-step electrochemical oxidation: From bench-scale test, pilot-scale test, to industrial test, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936148218585, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=422, issue=null, pageStart=42, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=YOON H, LEE J, KIM S, journalName=Desalination, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YOON H, LEE J, KIM S, et al. Hybrid capacitive deionization with Ag coated carbon composite electrode[J]. Desalination, 2017, 422: 42-48., articleTitle=Hybrid capacitive deionization with Ag coated carbon composite electrode, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936253076190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=37, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=李火银, 员佳琦, 李攀, journalName=水处理技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李火银, 员佳琦, 李攀, 等. 电化学水处理技术降低循环水硬度的实验研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2024, 50(3): 37-41., articleTitle=电化学水处理技术降低循环水硬度的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936383099619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=37, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=LI Huoyin, YUN Jiaqi, LI Pan, journalName=Water Treatment Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Huoyin, YUN Jiaqi, LI Pan, et al. Experimental study on reducing recirculating water hardness using electrochemical water treatment technology[J]. Water Treatment Technology, 2024, 50(3): 37-41., articleTitle=Experimental study on reducing recirculating water hardness using electrochemical water treatment technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936496345827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=李佳宾, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李佳宾. 电化学除垢设备的影响因素及中试研究[D]. 邯郸: 河北工程大学, 2021: 15-17., articleTitle=电化学除垢设备的影响因素及中试研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936597009128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=LI Jiabin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Jiabin. Influencing factors and pilot study of electrochemical scale removal equipment[D]. Hebei University of Engineering, 2021: 15-17., articleTitle=Influencing factors and pilot study of electrochemical scale removal equipment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936693478124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=276, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=ZHANG C, TANG J, ZHAO G, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG C, TANG J, ZHAO G, et al. Investigation on an electrochemical pilot equipment for water softening with an automatic descaling system: parameter optimization and energy consumption analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 276: 123178., articleTitle=Investigation on an electrochemical pilot equipment for water softening with an automatic descaling system: parameter optimization and energy consumption analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936886416116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=1036, pageEnd=1042, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=苏晴, 颜薇, 唐沂珍, journalName=化工进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏晴, 颜薇, 唐沂珍, 等. 电化学-微滤耦合工艺对循环水钙硬度的结晶分离[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(2): 1036-1042., articleTitle=电化学-微滤耦合工艺对循环水钙硬度的结晶分离, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936970302198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=1036, pageEnd=1042, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=SU Qing, YAN Wei, TANG Yizhen, journalName=Chemical Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU Qing, YAN Wei, TANG Yizhen, et al. Crystalline separation of calcium hardness in recirculating water using electrochemical-microfiltration coupling process[J]. Chemical Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(2): 1036-1042., articleTitle=Crystalline separation of calcium hardness in recirculating water using electrochemical-microfiltration coupling process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937066771196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=31, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=易慧, 王文兵, 曹雯雯, journalName=印染助剂, refType=null, unstructuredReference=易慧, 王文兵, 曹雯雯, 等. 基于正交实验的电化学法处理循环冷却水的应用研究[J]. 印染助剂, 2024, 41(4): 31-35., articleTitle=基于正交实验的电化学法处理循环冷却水的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937159045890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=31, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=YI Hui, WANG Wenbing, CAO Wenwen, journalName=Printing and Dyeing Auxiliaries, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YI Hui, WANG Wenbing, CAO Wenwen, et al. Application research on electrochemical treatment of recirculating cooling water based on orthogonal experiments[J]. Printing and Dyeing Auxiliaries, 2024, 41(4): 31-35., articleTitle=Application research on electrochemical treatment of recirculating cooling water based on orthogonal experiments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937268097796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=127, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=李殿新, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李殿新. 煤粉工业锅炉锅水碱度试验测量方法[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2017, 23(1): 127-132., articleTitle=煤粉工业锅炉锅水碱度试验测量方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937368761097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=127, pageEnd=132, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LI Dianxin, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Dianxin. Experimental measurement methods for alkalinity of boiler water in pulverized coal industrial boilers[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2017, 23(1): 127-132., articleTitle=Experimental measurement methods for alkalinity of boiler water in pulverized coal industrial boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937473618701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=37, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=徐浩, 袁孟孟, 罗清林, journalName=工业水处理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐浩, 袁孟孟, 罗清林, 等. 电化学水垢去除技术中试实验研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2019, 39(7): 37-41., articleTitle=电化学水垢去除技术中试实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937570087695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=37, pageEnd=41, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=XU Hao, YUAN Mengmeng, LUO Qinglin, journalName=Industrial Water Treatment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Hao, YUAN Mengmeng, LUO Qinglin, et al. Pilot study on electrochemical scale removal technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(7): 37-41., articleTitle=Pilot study on electrochemical scale removal technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937645585170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=56, issue=6, pageStart=1447, pageEnd=1457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=MIAO J, CHEN Y, YANG X J, journalName=Desalination and Water Treatment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIAO J, CHEN Y, YANG X J, et al. Laboratory and pilot plant studies on electrochemical pretreatment of drinking water[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015, 56(6): 1447-1457., articleTitle=Laboratory and pilot plant studies on electrochemical pretreatment of drinking water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937754637080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=64, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=段志栋, journalName=山西化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=段志栋. 反渗透法和全离子交换法除盐技术初步比较[J]. 山西化工, 2017, 37(4): 64-66., articleTitle=反渗透法和全离子交换法除盐技术初步比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937855300382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=64, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=DUAN Zhidong, journalName=Shanxi Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN Zhidong. A preliminary comparison of reverse osmosis and total ion exchange desalination technologies[J]. Shanxi Chemical Industry, 2017, 37(4): 64-66., articleTitle=A preliminary comparison of reverse osmosis and total ion exchange desalination technologies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937964352292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=高永钢, 史志伟, journalName=华电技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高永钢, 史志伟. 膜蒸馏在火电厂脱硫废水零排工艺中的技术经济分析[J]. 华电技术, 2020, 42(3): 25-30., articleTitle=膜蒸馏在火电厂脱硫废水零排工艺中的技术经济分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938069209893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=25, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=GAO Yonggang, SHI Zhiwei, journalName=Huadian Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Yonggang, SHI Zhiwei. Techno-economic analysis of membrane distillation in zero discharge processes for desulfurization wastewater in thermal power plants[J]. Huadian Technology, 2020, 42(3): 25-30., articleTitle=Techno-economic analysis of membrane distillation in zero discharge processes for desulfurization wastewater in thermal power plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938178261805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=85, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=李海荣, 何睦, 巩小杰, journalName=腐蚀与防护, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李海荣, 何睦, 巩小杰. 电厂冷却水碳钢管道腐蚀的原因及相应对策[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2021, 42(5): 85-89., articleTitle=电厂冷却水碳钢管道腐蚀的原因及相应对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938295702321, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=85, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=LI Hairong, HE Mu, GONG Xiaojie, journalName=Corrosion and Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Hairong, HE Mu, GONG Xiaojie. Causes and countermeasures of corrosion in carbon steel pipes of power plant cooling water systems[J]. Corrosion and Protection, 2021, 42(5): 85-89., articleTitle=Causes and countermeasures of corrosion in carbon steel pipes of power plant cooling water systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938392171315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=169, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=刘煜成, 吴畏, 杜在会, journalName=材料保护, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘煜成, 吴畏, 杜在会, 等. 钢铁企业中水管道的腐蚀行为与缓蚀防护研究[J]. 材料保护, 2024, 57(4): 169-178., articleTitle=钢铁企业中水管道的腐蚀行为与缓蚀防护研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938484446008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=169, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LIU Yucheng, WU Wei, DU Zaihui, journalName=Materials Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yucheng, WU Wei, DU Zaihui, et al. Research on corrosion behavior and corrosion inhibition protection of recycled water pipelines in steel enterprises[J]. Materials Protection, 2024, 57(4): 169-178., articleTitle=Research on corrosion behavior and corrosion inhibition protection of recycled water pipelines in steel enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938580915004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=15, pageStart=78, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=申屠含澹, 吴淑琰, 吴雨倩, journalName=广东化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=申屠含澹, 吴淑琰, 吴雨倩, 等. 电絮凝电极钝化的影响因素及消除技术研究进展[J]. 广东化工, 2022, 49(15): 78-80., articleTitle=电絮凝电极钝化的影响因素及消除技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938668995392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=15, pageStart=78, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=SHENTU Handan, WU Shuyan, WU Yuqian, journalName=Guangdong Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHENTU Handan, WU Shuyan, WU Yuqian, et al. Research progress on the factors influencing electrode passivation in electrocoagulation and its elimination techniques[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2022, 49(15): 78-80., articleTitle=Research progress on the factors influencing electrode passivation in electrocoagulation and its elimination techniques, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938757075779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=4, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=罗亚田, 曾勇辉, 张列宇, journalName=能源环境保护, refType=null, unstructuredReference=罗亚田, 曾勇辉, 张列宇, 等. 电凝聚过程中消除电极钝化方法的研究进展[J]. 能源环境保护, 2006(3): 4-6., articleTitle=电凝聚过程中消除电极钝化方法的研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938849350470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=4, pageEnd=6, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LUO Yatian, ZENG Yonghui, ZHANG Lieyu, journalName=Energy and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUO Yatian, ZENG Yonghui, ZHANG Lieyu, et al. Research progress on methods for eliminating electrode passivation during electrocoagulation[J]. Energy and Environmental Protection, 2006(3): 4-6., articleTitle=Research progress on methods for eliminating electrode passivation during electrocoagulation, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236714929558966915, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, awardId=CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Technology Project of China Huadian Group Co., Ltd.(CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714929701573258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, awardId=CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13, language=CN, fundingSource=中国华电集团有限公司重点科技项目(CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919832375452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919840764062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919832375452, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919849152670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919832375452, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236714919958204580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919966593189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919958204580, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919979176101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714919958204580, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236714920054673576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920067256491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714920075645101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, companyId=1236714920054673576, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236714925050089897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Pilot flow for the electrochemical coupling process, figureFileSmall=Ettj+uSPCuYEwU46PWhAAA==, figureFileBig=5st9FiZ40X0zjHn43/R+fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925121393071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图1, caption=电化学耦合工艺中试流程, figureFileSmall=Ettj+uSPCuYEwU46PWhAAA==, figureFileBig=5st9FiZ40X0zjHn43/R+fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925322719681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Field devices of the electrochemical coupling, figureFileSmall=MMCHEgNN7Ye+sYW4ytLx+w==, figureFileBig=frNmnMMdQ2dsYSwH4MnLZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925423382984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图2, caption=电化学耦合现场试验装置, figureFileSmall=MMCHEgNN7Ye+sYW4ytLx+w==, figureFileBig=frNmnMMdQ2dsYSwH4MnLZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925490491856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of the electroadsorption device, figureFileSmall=jQrm3tD8vp9pANpZ1bwRmw==, figureFileBig=Shf32wPcp/OsdpG/Im9c5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925591155160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图3, caption=电吸附装置原理, figureFileSmall=jQrm3tD8vp9pANpZ1bwRmw==, figureFileBig=Shf32wPcp/OsdpG/Im9c5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927067550175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=SEM images of carbon conductive materials used in the electrochemical scale inhibition equipment, figureFileSmall=BRY7uSvSe265SXnPduHOAw==, figureFileBig=Icj3UsvybRc50j/d+irZEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927201767909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图4, caption=电化学阻垢设备使用碳电导材料SEM图像, figureFileSmall=BRY7uSvSe265SXnPduHOAw==, figureFileBig=Icj3UsvybRc50j/d+irZEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927289848302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Total hardness removal performance curves, figureFileSmall=jHFsY7WUKvH14r+KqQeN1g==, figureFileBig=BZGEoP0R4UShKmVNdoVD9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927403094517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图5, caption=总硬度去除性能曲线, figureFileSmall=jHFsY7WUKvH14r+KqQeN1g==, figureFileBig=BZGEoP0R4UShKmVNdoVD9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927545700861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Calcium hardness removal performance curves, figureFileSmall=+J4dfXLxLJRNTu4Q+uSIXA==, figureFileBig=se9ZdHmaa3kOLdKTDuH39w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927642169862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图6, caption=钙硬度去除性能曲线, figureFileSmall=+J4dfXLxLJRNTu4Q+uSIXA==, figureFileBig=se9ZdHmaa3kOLdKTDuH39w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927814136337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Total alkalinity removal performance curves, figureFileSmall=VrANUajmg2HpBLYJnaSS1w==, figureFileBig=jP/Ee4WZYTdo4i2sJdvF/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927914799642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图7, caption=全碱度去除性能曲线, figureFileSmall=VrANUajmg2HpBLYJnaSS1w==, figureFileBig=jP/Ee4WZYTdo4i2sJdvF/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928002880030, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=pH change curves of effluent of electrochemical equipment, figureFileSmall=KpkET/6izgttmeQVcBNs1Q==, figureFileBig=VpgJwpWJLrdetB4P4tK3CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928090960421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图8, caption=电化学设备出水pH值变化曲线, figureFileSmall=KpkET/6izgttmeQVcBNs1Q==, figureFileBig=VpgJwpWJLrdetB4P4tK3CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928187429422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variation curves of the electrical conductivity of the equipment outlet water, figureFileSmall=ZY+BLmX6p82HlSTuI2bZVw==, figureFileBig=kLe7oh/PBdr1ONqhgXtHXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928292287028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图9, caption=设备出水电导率变化曲线, figureFileSmall=ZY+BLmX6p82HlSTuI2bZVw==, figureFileBig=kLe7oh/PBdr1ONqhgXtHXw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928384561720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Curves of power consumption per ton water, figureFileSmall=Bwe1svteSSjq8I54UFpWFg==, figureFileBig=FrIleh34XPTCUmRd8N3qSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928468447806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图10, caption=1 t水电耗曲线, figureFileSmall=Bwe1svteSSjq8I54UFpWFg==, figureFileBig=FrIleh34XPTCUmRd8N3qSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928556528196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Yellow-green scale sample analysis of electrochemical scale inhibition equipment, figureFileSmall=8CCxZfAiRrVsTUTIa0oZ7w==, figureFileBig=aj2I8b+RsuUmLsmCWBiCmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928640414282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=图11, caption=电化学阻垢设备黄绿色垢样分析, figureFileSmall=8CCxZfAiRrVsTUTIa0oZ7w==, figureFileBig=aj2I8b+RsuUmLsmCWBiCmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928745271892, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Inlet water quality indexes of the electrochemical coupling system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH值电导率/(μS·cm–1)氯离子/(g·L–1)全碱度/(mmol·L–1)总硬度/(mmol·L–1)钙硬度/(mmol·L–1)水质指标
7.9810 9002 5504.0513.755.753.50
), ArticleFig(id=1236714928829157974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

电化学耦合系统进水水质指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
pH值电导率/(μS·cm–1)氯离子/(g·L–1)全碱度/(mmol·L–1)总硬度/(mmol·L–1)钙硬度/(mmol·L–1)水质指标
7.9810 9002 5504.0513.755.753.50
), ArticleFig(id=1236714928942404187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of operating costs of water treatment technologies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水处理技术离子交换法膜蒸馏反渗透电化学耦合
每1 t水运行成本4~520~403~42.365~4.220
), ArticleFig(id=1236714929022095966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

循环水水处理技术运行成本对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水处理技术离子交换法膜蒸馏反渗透电化学耦合
每1 t水运行成本4~520~403~42.365~4.220
), ArticleFig(id=1236714929093399140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Results of the field verification test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总硬度/(mmol·L–1)总硬度去除率/%钙硬度/(mmol·L–1)钙硬度去除率/%全碱度/(mmol·L–1)全碱度去除率/
%
pH值电导率/(μS·cm–1)氯离子质量浓度/(mg·L–1)氯离子去除率/%硫酸根质量浓度/(mg·L–1)硫酸根去除率/
%
次氯酸质量分数/%余氯质量浓度/(mg·L–1)
电解吸附进水16.755.504.007.213 0003 6303 000
电吸附产水8.2550.753.2540.913.1022.5010.352 8503 02016.802 8505.007.1×10–8
电吸附产水电解制杀菌剂5.5033.333.007.6910.00–222.587.692 6002 58014.572 6008.772.7×10–718.5
电吸附浓水18.75–11.946.50–18.184.0008.373 3003 640–0.283 300–10.001.4×10–7
电吸附浓水电解制杀菌剂12.7532.005.7511.545.00–25.006.912 8003 09015.112 80015.154.3×10–731.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236714929206645357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

现场验证试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总硬度/(mmol·L–1)总硬度去除率/%钙硬度/(mmol·L–1)钙硬度去除率/%全碱度/(mmol·L–1)全碱度去除率/
%
pH值电导率/(μS·cm–1)氯离子质量浓度/(mg·L–1)氯离子去除率/%硫酸根质量浓度/(mg·L–1)硫酸根去除率/
%
次氯酸质量分数/%余氯质量浓度/(mg·L–1)
电解吸附进水16.755.504.007.213 0003 6303 000
电吸附产水8.2550.753.2540.913.1022.5010.352 8503 02016.802 8505.007.1×10–8
电吸附产水电解制杀菌剂5.5033.333.007.6910.00–222.587.692 6002 58014.572 6008.772.7×10–718.5
电吸附浓水18.75–11.946.50–18.184.0008.373 3003 640–0.283 300–10.001.4×10–7
电吸附浓水电解制杀菌剂12.7532.005.7511.545.00–25.006.912 8003 09015.112 80015.154.3×10–731.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236714929307308657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Atomic mass fractions of different elements in conductive materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素ClNaOCFeSCa
质量分数57.320.911.85.52.51.90.1
标准偏差σ0.60.20.20.80.30.10.1
), ArticleFig(id=1236714929433137785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714915331887182, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

导电材料不同元素的原子质量分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
元素ClNaOCFeSCa
质量分数57.320.911.85.52.51.90.1
标准偏差σ0.60.20.20.80.30.10.1
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
电化学耦合法处理循环水中试试验研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
陈龙 1 , 赵保华 2 , 胡彦云 1 , 刘晓娜 3 , 贾天聪 2 , 贺燕 3 , 梁博文 3 , 马双忱 3
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2025,54(3): 158-166
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2025, 54(3): 158-166
电化学耦合法处理循环水中试试验研究
全屏
陈龙1 , 赵保华2, 胡彦云1, 刘晓娜3, 贾天聪2, 贺燕3, 梁博文3, 马双忱3
作者信息
  • 1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013
  • 2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002
  • 3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003
  • 陈龙(1982),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火力发电厂运行与检修,

通讯作者:

马双忱(1968),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为燃煤污染控制化学,
Pilot-scale experimental study on electrochemical coupling technology for circulating water treatment
Long CHEN1 , Baohua ZHAO2, Yanyun HU1, Xiaona LIU3, Tiancong JIA2, Yan HE3, Bowen LIANG3, Shuangchen MA3
Affiliations
  • 1.Baotou Power Generation Branch of Huadian Inner Mongolia Energy Co., Ltd., Baotou 014013, China
  • 2.Huadian Zhengzhou Machinery Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450002, China
  • 3.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166
文章导航
收藏切换

随着全球工业化和城市化的加速发展,水资源的持续供应和水质的综合管理已成为重大挑战。电厂循环冷却水排水水耗巨大,出于全厂零排放的需要,不少电厂开展了循环冷却水排水脱盐等措施以提高浓缩倍率,实现循环水回用,但现有处理技术存在能耗高、系统复杂、存在二次污染等问题。为此,试验研究了电化学耦合中试试验装置在循环水处理中的应用,分析了其在除垢、防腐和废水资源化方面的效果。试验结果表明:该试验装备在去除水中硬度和碱度方面表现出显著效果,并有效降低了水体的电导率和氯离子含量,在电压为3.2 V和电流为240 A的条件下,硬度去除率最高,去除率分别为5.15%和55.77%;在电流为250 A和电压为3.2 V的条件下,碱度去除率最高,去除率分别为36.96%和91.41%;电化学耦合技术相较于传统加药法和常规水处理技术,有明显的经济优势。电化学耦合技术是一种高效、环保、经济的循环水处理方案,具有广阔的应用前景。

循环冷却水  /  除垢  /  电化学  /  循环水处理  /  中试

With the rapid global industrialization and urbanization, ensuring continuous water supply and comprehensive water quality management has become a major challenge. Power plant cooling water consumption is significant, and to achieve zero discharge, many plants have adopted desalination measures to increase concentration ratios and enable water reuse. However, existing treatment technologies face high energy consumption, system complexity, and secondary pollution issues. To solve these problems, the application of electrochemical coupling pilot-scale equipment in cooling water treatment is experimentally studied, and the effects of electrochemical coupling pilot-scale equipment on scale removal, corrosion prevention and wastewater resource utilization are analyzed. The results show that, the equipment removes hardness and alkalinity significantly, and reduces conductivity and chloride ion content efficiently. Under conditions with voltage of 3.2 V and current of 240 A, the hardness removal rate reached the highest (5.15% and 55.77%, respectively), and under conditions with current of 250 A and voltage of 3.2 V, the alkalinity removal rate reached the highest (36.96% and 91.41%, respectively). The electrochemical coupling technology offers clear economic advantages compared with the conventional methods, providing an efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective solution for cooling water treatment with broad application prospects.

circulating cooling water  /  descaling  /  electrochemistry  /  circulating water treatment  /  pilot scale test
陈龙, 赵保华, 胡彦云, 刘晓娜, 贾天聪, 贺燕, 梁博文, 马双忱. 电化学耦合法处理循环水中试试验研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (3) : 158 -166 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166
Long CHEN, Baohua ZHAO, Yanyun HU, Xiaona LIU, Tiancong JIA, Yan HE, Bowen LIANG, Shuangchen MA. Pilot-scale experimental study on electrochemical coupling technology for circulating water treatment[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (3) : 158 -166 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166
随着全球工业化和城市化的加速发展,水资源持续供应和水质综合管理已成为世界各国面临的重大挑战之一。大量的工业活动产生了含有多种有机/无机污染物的废水,其处理与再利用问题尤为突出。在电力领域,火力发电仍旧占据着较为重要的地位,在电厂中,水作为整个热力系统的工作介质,也是某些热力设备的冷却介质,其需求量非常大,相应产出的废水量也逐渐增大。电厂使用水中,循环冷却水又占据了相当大的占比,约为总用水量的70%以上[1],所以实现循环冷却水排水的零排放是电厂工业水处理的重点。
当前对循环水的处理方法主要分为阻垢和软化[2] 2大方面。阻垢技术就是在循环水中使用物理技术阻止或者减缓水垢的形成,但水垢离子仍存在于溶液中,本质上没有削除水垢,当前常用的阻垢技术主要包括阻垢剂法、磁化法和酸化法等。软化技术的目的在于去除溶液中的水垢离子,可以从根本上制止水垢的形成,例如离子交换法、反渗透法、化学沉淀法等[3]。尽管这些处理工艺在一定程度上有效果,但也存在若干缺点和局限性,如高能耗和二次污染等。
基于现存技术的局限性,探索和开发更加高效、环保、经济的新型水处理技术,尤其是适用于工业循环水系统的技术,已经成为环境科学和工程领域的研究热点。在众多新兴水处理技术中,电化学技术因其操作简便、效率高、易于自动化和可持续性强等优点,被认为是最有潜力的解决方案之一。本文将电化学阻垢、高压静电氧化极化、电解、电吸附等电化学技术进行耦合,并创新性地应用在电厂循环水处理上,通过电化学反应连续原位生成活性物质,实现循环水中钙、镁等硬度离子的沉淀和微生物的高效去除。电化学耦合技术真正实现了不添加化学药剂,无二次污染,有利于实现循环水不外排,是一种有潜力的电厂循环水处理技术。
为探索电化学技术在电厂循环水处理中的应用效果,课题组在内蒙古某电厂自制了一套电化学耦合水处理系统对循环水进行除硬防腐处理,并将氯离子资源化利用。该电化学耦合工艺流程如图1图2所示。
在电化学阻垢装置内部极板间设有外加电压,循环水流经电化学阻垢装置内部时,循环水存在的阴阳离子分别向阴阳极板迁移,同时在阴阳极区发生电解反应。电化学阻垢装置主要去除循环水的暂硬离子,反应过程如式(1)—式(12)所示。
阴极区:
2H2O+2eH2+2OH
由于阴极电解水产生了OH-,阴极附近的HCO3和OH结合,阴极区生成水垢[4]
HCO3+OHCO32+H3O
Ca2++2OHCa(OH)2
Ca2++CO32CaCO3
阳极区可能的反应[5]
2H2O4eO2+4H+
HCO3+H+CO2+H2O
CO32+2H+CO2+H2O
游离氯:
CleCl
氯气:
2Cl2eCl2
次氯酸:
Cl2+H2OH++Cl+HClO
臭氧:
O2+2OH2eO3+H2O
过氧化氢:
2H2O2eH2O2+2H+
循环水流经由正负极构成的高压静电场时,水分子带电荷并产生极性,带正电荷的水分子团最先与作为阴极的用水器壁接触,阻隔并包裹了阴离子(尤其是氯离子)与器壁的直接接触,起到阴极保护作用[6]。在氧化极化阴极器壁上不断形成的氧化膜与氯离子不断击穿氧化膜形成点蚀的交替攻防过程中,起到了缓蚀用水系统器壁的作用[7-8]
在电解吸附装置中,循环水先经过电吸附装置进行吸附去除部分氯离子,而后电吸附脱附浓水进入电解装置电解制备氯基氧化剂。循环水流经电吸附装置时,溶液中的离子在电场力作用下向阴阳极板迁移,离子吸附于电极表面形成双电层,从而达到脱盐或净化的目的,电吸附装置中的永硬离子和氯离子会明显降低[9]。电吸附装置原理如图3所示。
电吸附装置产出的浓水经絮凝沉淀进入电解装置,氯离子会被电解成次氯酸和游离氯,次氯酸与强碱性电解水混合制成次氯酸钙溶液用于循环水杀菌处理[10],从而替代氧化性杀菌剂的投加。电解制备次氯酸的原理如式(1)—式(12)所示。
试验所用循环水取自内蒙古某电厂,进水数据见表1
电化学阻垢设备采用导电材料为碳材料,图4为电化学阻垢设备中添加的导电材料的SEM图。由图4可见:碳材料微观结构呈现出明显的分层和碎片状结构,可以看到碳材料的细小颗粒和层状堆积特征;碳材料的多孔结构孔洞分布均匀且密集,这可能有助于提升碳材料的导电性能和比表面积;一个管状或纤维状孔洞结构的内部空腔清晰可见,该结构可能是碳纳米管或中空纤维,在导电材料中常见;球状碳材料颗粒表面也有大量小孔洞,该结构有助于增加材料的表面积和导电性。
在稳流和稳压情况下循环水通过电化学阻垢设备和氧化极化设备,定期抽取少量设备出水,采用滴定法测量水质指标及各项指标去除率,其总硬度去除性能曲线如图5所示。
图5可知,随着电压的增大,电化学阻垢设备和氧化极化设备的总硬度去除率先增大后降低,在电压为3.2 V时,总硬度去除效果最好,进水总硬度为24.25 mmol/L,经过电化学阻垢设备后降为23.00 mmol/L,经过氧化极化设备升至23.25 mmol/L,设备总硬度去除率分别为5.15%和4.12%。这是由于随着电压的增大,电化学反应速率加快,阴极附近会生成更多的OH,溶液的碱性增强,促进碳酸氢根离子反应生成碳酸根离子[11],同时,随着电流密度的增大,电场强度也不断增大,钙离子在电场力的作用下向阴极的迁移富集速率加快,从而导致了水中硬度离子的去除速度加快[12]。然而当电压越来越大时,阴极析氢反应剧烈,使阴极附近水体不稳定,HCO3扩散富集变得越来越困难,干扰了成垢离子向阴极附近的传质过程,并且阳极的析氧反应也会加剧,导致硬度去除率较低[13]。随着电流的增大,电化学阻垢设备和氧化极化设备去除率在不同电流、不同电压下变化趋势类似,在电流为240 A时电化学设备和氧化极化设备总硬度去除率显著提高,2个设备去除率皆为55.77%,由总体趋势来看,该组数据误差较大,可做忽略不计。
图6为钙硬度去除性能曲线。由图6可知,随着电流的增大,电化学阻垢设备率整体呈先上升后降低的趋势,氧化极化设备钙硬度去除率同电化学设备去除趋势相似。在电流为260 A时,进水钙硬度为14.75 mmol/L,经过电化学阻垢设备降为13.75 mmol/L,经过氧化极化设备上升至14.25 mmol/L,整体的钙硬度去除率最高分别为6.79%和3.39%。
钙硬度和总硬度的去除效果相似。钙硬度去除率随着电流和电压的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。施加的电流或电压较小时,阴极电解过程中OH-产量较少,难以产生足量的CO32-与Ca2+结合形成CaCO3[14],电极上施加的电流或电压过大时,阳极内产生的H+扩散至阴极室,而较强的电场力作用促使HCO3-向阳极方向迀移,在迁移过程中少部分HCO3-转化为气态CO2逸出水面,此时即使阳极形成了碱性环境,也难以继续提升钙硬度去除效率[15]。其次,阴极的析氢程度也会受到影响,析氢反应速度加快,使阴极反应区附近水体紊乱,直接干扰水体中成垢离子靠近[16],导致电压增大而钙硬度去除率反而降低,这一点和前述总硬度去除率降低原因相同。
全碱度指水样中所有能够中和酸的物质总量,包括碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、氢氧化物等碱性物质[17]图7为全碱度去除性能曲线。由图7可知,无论是随着电压还是随着电流的增大,电化学设备和氧化极化设备的全碱度去除率都是先上升后下降的趋势。稳流情况下,在电流为250 A时,整体去除率最高,进水全碱度为2.3l mmol/L,经过电化学阻垢设备降为1.50 mmol/L,经过氧化极化设备上升至1.45 mmol/L,设备全碱度去除率分别为34.78%和36.96%;稳压情况下,在电压为3.2 V时,全碱度去除率最高,进水全碱度为6.40 mmol/L,经过电化学阻垢设备降为2.10 mmol/L,经过氧化极化设备上升至0.55 mmol/L,设备全碱度去除率分别为67.19%和91.41%。
图8为电化学设备出水pH值变化曲线。由图8可知,随着电压和电流的增大,电化学阻垢设备和氧化极化设备的出水pH值都呈降低趋势。同时,电化学设备出水pH值和氧化极化设备出水pH值及其接近,上升和下降趋势同步。在电流为240 A时,pH值下降最大,进水pH值为8.16,电化学阻垢设备和氧化极化设备出水pH值分别为6.79和6.82;在电压为3.4 V时,pH值下降最大,进水pH值为8.05,电化学阻垢设备和氧化极化设备出水pH值分别为6.21和6.29。
分析pH值下降的2大原因为[18]:1)碱度在阴极变成水垢沉淀除去;2)碱度在阳极变成游离态碳酸或二氧化碳溢出水体[19]。2个设备的出水pH值接近且上升下降趋势一致,其原因是导致pH值发生变化的主要设备是电化学阻垢设备,而氧化极化设备对于pH值基本无太大影响。
图9为设备出水电导率变化曲线。由图9可知,随着电流和电压的增大,电化学阻垢设备出水电导率和氧化极化设备出水电导率无明显变化趋势,尤其是在稳压情况下,电导率去除率基本不变,进水电导率偏大,设备出水电导率也随之偏高,反之则偏低。电导率降低的原因是随着电化学反应时间的延长,硬度和碱度都在下降,导致水中离子数量不断降低[20]
图10为1 t水电耗曲线。由图10可知,随着电流和电压的增大,1 t水电耗逐渐增大。电化学耦合系统处理循环水,除了需要定期更换电化学阻垢设备填充的导电材料(碳材料)以外,最大的成本来源就是用电,工厂用电取每度0.83元,导电材料大约在2 000元/t。根据图10所示,处理1 t水的成本在2.365~4.220元,电厂采用传统加药处理循环冷却水的方法,吨水处理成本为30元左右,相比传统的加药处理法,电化学耦合技术经济优势显著。
将电化学耦合技术与目前水处理常用的水处理技术(如离子交换法、反渗透[21]以及膜蒸馏[22]技术)进行运行成本对比。3种常见的水处理技术与电化学耦合技术的运行成本对比见表2,不同技术的运行成本会因能源价格、废热利用效率和膜的寿命等因素有所波动。通过运行成本对比可以看出,相较于离子交换法、反渗透和膜蒸馏等水处理技术,电化学耦合技术经济优势显著。
为验证循环水处理效果,开展了现场验证试验,试验数据见表3。由表3可知,经过电解吸附装置,总硬度和钙硬度有较大幅度降低,全碱度、氯离子和硫酸根小幅度降低,相比于之前的电化学阻垢设备,电解吸附的氯离子去除率明显提升。其原因是电吸附设备通过吸附材料对水中离子进行吸附,阳极主要吸附氯离子、硫酸根离子等阴离子,阴极主要吸附钙离子、镁离子等阳离子,这些离子被吸附在吸附材料表面进行富集。将不同质量浓度的电吸附浓水进行电解制备氯基杀菌剂,发现氯离子浓度较高的电吸附浓水制备的氯基杀菌剂浓度较高,为电吸附产水制备的氯基杀菌剂的1.7倍左右。
图11为电化学阻垢设备碳棒上析出的黄绿色垢样分析。由图11可见:在电化学阻垢设备的电极碳棒上,有黄绿色物质析出;该黄绿色物质的SEM图中物质呈不规则的块状结构,表面细节清晰:其XRD图谱上有2个主要的标记,SiO2和CaCO3,2个峰值的位置和强度显示了样品中这2种物质的存在和含量。ED S图谱主峰有C(碳)、O(氧)、Na(钠)和Fe(铁)。黄绿色垢样中大多数为盐离子,含有少部分铁和硫,分析黄绿色物质可能为铁的硫化物、亚硫酸盐和硫酸盐,其中,硫化铁是硫酸盐还原菌腐蚀碳钢的特征产物,硫酸盐和亚硫酸盐为硫化物的氧化产物[23]表4为导电材料不同元素的原子质量分数。
氯离子、水溶液硬度以及溶解氧都是造成金属设备腐蚀的重要因素[24]。在电化学耦合系统中,电化学除垢装置主要去除暂硬离子,电吸附装置主要去除永硬离子和氯离子,电化学阻垢装置和电吸附装置起主要的阻垢作用,电解装置将氯离子氧化为次氯酸等进行资源化处理,电吸附和电解装置主要起去除氯离子的作用。另外,氧化极化装置也起到一部分缓蚀作用。
尽管电化学耦合法在循环水处理中展现了良好的应用前景,但电极钝化、结垢和使用寿命等问题依然需要克服。在电化学系统中,电极材料长期暴露在水中,电极表面形成不导电的氧化层或其他沉积物,即电极受到钝化作用的影响,这会显著降低电极导电性,从而影响整个系统性能。为解决电极钝化问题,可以采用更耐腐蚀、更稳定的电极材料,如涂覆有特殊保护层的金属电极或使用导电性更好的碳基材料;或者通过使用新型电源、选择合适的电流强度和溶液pH值适宜的阴阳离子浓度,选择不同材质或形状的电极材料或三维电极等来消除电极钝化[25]。此外,定期对电极进行清洗和维护,或者设计具有自清洁功能的电极结构,也是未来研究和应用的重要方向。
结垢是电化学系统中的常见问题,尤其在处理高硬度水过程中。结垢会导致电极表面覆盖一层不导电的沉积物,如碳酸钙等,从而阻碍电化学反应的进行。结垢不仅降低了系统效率,还会增加维护成本,甚至导致系统停机。解决结垢问题的关键在于改进电化学阻垢技术,研究者通过使用离子交换膜分离结垢离子,通过改变阴极电极板的形状及维度来减少极板结垢现象。未来可以通过优化电极设计,控制电解条件(如电压、电流)减少结垢发生。此外,研究开发抗结垢材料或者在电极表面使用抗结垢涂层,也是有效的策略。电化学系统的使用寿命直接影响其经济性和可持续性,随着运行时间的增加,电极材料的腐蚀、钝化和结垢问题会逐渐加重,导致系统性能下降,特别是在高负荷和高强度运行条件下,电极的使用寿命会显著缩短。
延长电化学系统使用寿命需要从材料选择、系统设计和运行维护等多个方面入手。通过材料改进、工艺优化以及智能维护技术的结合,可以进一步提升电化学系统的性能和可靠性,从而实现更广泛的工业应用。首先,采用耐用的电极材料,如镍基合金、钛合金或碳基材料;其次,优化系统运行参数,降低电极损耗;最后,开发自动化的维护和监控系统,可以实时监测电极的状态,及时进行清理和修复,确保系统长期稳定运行。
本文通过现场试验验证了电吸附耦合电催化氧化技术在电厂循环水处理中的有效性和可行性,主要结论如下。
1)电化学耦合技术能够有效降低循环水中的硬度和碱度,显著降低水体电导率和氯离子含量。
2)试验表明,电化学阻垢设备操作稳定性良好,电压为3.2 V和电流为240 A的条件下,硬度去除率最高,去除率分别为5.15%和55.77%;电流为250 A和电压为3.2 V的条件下,碱度去除率最高,去除率分别为36.96%和91.41%。电解吸附电压为3.22 V时,氯离子去除效果最好,为21.10%。
3)电化学耦合法通过电场力作用引起的离子定向迁移,促进钙、镁等硬度离子的沉淀和氯离子的去除,从而有效去除水中的硬度和碱度,并降低水体的电导率和氯离子含量。这一过程不仅避免了化学药剂的使用,减少了二次污染,还能够通过调整电压、电流等参数来优化处理效果,具有显著的经济优势和环保价值。
  • 中国华电集团有限公司重点科技项目(CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
刘锦阳. 工业循环水电化学法处理工艺的试验研究[D]. 西安: 西安石油大学, 2023: 1.
LIU Jinyang. Experimental study on electrochemical treatment process of industrial recirculating water[D]. Xi’an: Xi’an Shiyou University, 2023:1.
[2]
马双忱, 马岚, 刘畅, 等. 电厂循环冷却水处理技术研究与应用进展[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2019, 36(1): 38-47.
MA Shuangchen, MA Lan, LIU Chang, et al. Research and application progress of power plant recirculating cooling water treatment technology[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2019, 36(1): 38-47.
[3]
工业循环冷却水处理设计规范: GB/T 50050—2017[S]. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2017: 16.
Design specification for industrial circulating cooling water treatment: GB/T 50050—2017[S]. Beijing: China Planning Press, 2017: 16.
[4]
SANJUÁN I, GARCÍA V, EXPÓSITO E, et al. Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions[J]. Electrochemistry Communications, 2019, 101: 88-92.
[5]
GABRIELLI C, MAURIN G, FRANCY-CHAUSSON H, et al. Electrochemical water softening: principle and application[J]. Desalination, 2006, 201(1): 150-163.
[6]
姜琪, 苏艳, 黄倩, 等. 一种火电厂循环水无药剂化电法联合处理工艺系统及方法: CN202010378235.X[P]. 2024-04-26[2024-05-30].
JIANG Qi, SU Yan, HUANG Qian, et al. The invention relates to a process system and method for combined treatment of circulating water in a thermal power plant by medication-free electrochemical method: CN202010378235.X[P]. 2024-04-26[2024-05-30].
[7]
王陆珠. 工业废水综合治理及清洁生产[J]. 安徽科技, 2006(11): 23-25.
WANG Luzhu. Comprehensive treatment and cleaner production of industrial wastewater[J]. Anhui Science and Technology, 2006(11): 23-25.
[8]
黄倩, 姜琪, 苏艳, 等. 火电厂循环水无药剂化处理技术应用研究[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2021, 47(12): 87-90.
HUANG Qian, JIANG Qi, SU Yan, et al. Application research of chemical-free treatment technology for recirculating water in thermal power plants[J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2021, 47(12): 87-90.
[9]
樊旭. 电化学水处理技术在工业循环冷却水处理中的应用[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2018, 41(9): 155-158.
FAN Xu. Application of electrochemical water treatment technology in industrial recirculating cooling water treatment[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry, 2018, 41(9): 155-158.
[10]
MENG X, ZENG P, LIN S, et al. Removal of chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen from high salinity tungsten smelting wastewater by one-step electrochemical oxidation: From bench-scale test, pilot-scale test, to industrial test[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2023, 340: 117983.
[11]
YOON H, LEE J, KIM S, et al. Hybrid capacitive deionization with Ag coated carbon composite electrode[J]. Desalination, 2017, 422: 42-48.
[12]
李火银, 员佳琦, 李攀, 等. 电化学水处理技术降低循环水硬度的实验研究[J]. 水处理技术, 2024, 50(3): 37-41.
LI Huoyin, YUN Jiaqi, LI Pan, et al. Experimental study on reducing recirculating water hardness using electrochemical water treatment technology[J]. Water Treatment Technology, 2024, 50(3): 37-41.
[13]
李佳宾. 电化学除垢设备的影响因素及中试研究[D]. 邯郸: 河北工程大学, 2021: 15-17.
LI Jiabin. Influencing factors and pilot study of electrochemical scale removal equipment[D]. Hebei University of Engineering, 2021: 15-17.
[14]
ZHANG C, TANG J, ZHAO G, et al. Investigation on an electrochemical pilot equipment for water softening with an automatic descaling system: parameter optimization and energy consumption analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 276: 123178.
[15]
苏晴, 颜薇, 唐沂珍, 等. 电化学-微滤耦合工艺对循环水钙硬度的结晶分离[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(2): 1036-1042.
SU Qing, YAN Wei, TANG Yizhen, et al. Crystalline separation of calcium hardness in recirculating water using electrochemical-microfiltration coupling process[J]. Chemical Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(2): 1036-1042.
[16]
易慧, 王文兵, 曹雯雯, 等. 基于正交实验的电化学法处理循环冷却水的应用研究[J]. 印染助剂, 2024, 41(4): 31-35.
YI Hui, WANG Wenbing, CAO Wenwen, et al. Application research on electrochemical treatment of recirculating cooling water based on orthogonal experiments[J]. Printing and Dyeing Auxiliaries, 2024, 41(4): 31-35.
[17]
李殿新. 煤粉工业锅炉锅水碱度试验测量方法[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2017, 23(1): 127-132.
LI Dianxin. Experimental measurement methods for alkalinity of boiler water in pulverized coal industrial boilers[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2017, 23(1): 127-132.
[18]
徐浩, 袁孟孟, 罗清林, 等. 电化学水垢去除技术中试实验研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2019, 39(7): 37-41.
XU Hao, YUAN Mengmeng, LUO Qinglin, et al. Pilot study on electrochemical scale removal technology[J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2019, 39(7): 37-41.
[19]
MIAO J, CHEN Y, YANG X J, et al. Laboratory and pilot plant studies on electrochemical pretreatment of drinking water[J]. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015, 56(6): 1447-1457.
[20]
段志栋. 反渗透法和全离子交换法除盐技术初步比较[J]. 山西化工, 2017, 37(4): 64-66.
DUAN Zhidong. A preliminary comparison of reverse osmosis and total ion exchange desalination technologies[J]. Shanxi Chemical Industry, 2017, 37(4): 64-66.
[21]
高永钢, 史志伟. 膜蒸馏在火电厂脱硫废水零排工艺中的技术经济分析[J]. 华电技术, 2020, 42(3): 25-30.
GAO Yonggang, SHI Zhiwei. Techno-economic analysis of membrane distillation in zero discharge processes for desulfurization wastewater in thermal power plants[J]. Huadian Technology, 2020, 42(3): 25-30.
[22]
李海荣, 何睦, 巩小杰. 电厂冷却水碳钢管道腐蚀的原因及相应对策[J]. 腐蚀与防护, 2021, 42(5): 85-89.
LI Hairong, HE Mu, GONG Xiaojie. Causes and countermeasures of corrosion in carbon steel pipes of power plant cooling water systems[J]. Corrosion and Protection, 2021, 42(5): 85-89.
[23]
刘煜成, 吴畏, 杜在会, 等. 钢铁企业中水管道的腐蚀行为与缓蚀防护研究[J]. 材料保护, 2024, 57(4): 169-178.
LIU Yucheng, WU Wei, DU Zaihui, et al. Research on corrosion behavior and corrosion inhibition protection of recycled water pipelines in steel enterprises[J]. Materials Protection, 2024, 57(4): 169-178.
[24]
申屠含澹, 吴淑琰, 吴雨倩, 等. 电絮凝电极钝化的影响因素及消除技术研究进展[J]. 广东化工, 2022, 49(15): 78-80.
SHENTU Handan, WU Shuyan, WU Yuqian, et al. Research progress on the factors influencing electrode passivation in electrocoagulation and its elimination techniques[J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2022, 49(15): 78-80.
[25]
罗亚田, 曾勇辉, 张列宇, 等. 电凝聚过程中消除电极钝化方法的研究进展[J]. 能源环境保护, 2006(3): 4-6.
LUO Yatian, ZENG Yonghui, ZHANG Lieyu, et al. Research progress on methods for eliminating electrode passivation during electrocoagulation[J]. Energy and Environmental Protection, 2006(3): 4-6.
2025年第54卷第3期
PDF下载
114
49
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166
  • 接收时间:2024-07-23
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23
基金
Key Technology Project of China Huadian Group Co., Ltd.(CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13)
中国华电集团有限公司重点科技项目(CHDKJ23-01-01-20; CHECKJ23-01-13)
作者信息
    1.华电内蒙古能源有限公司包头发电分公司,内蒙古 包头 014013
    2.华电郑州机械设计研究院有限公司,河南 郑州 450002
    3.华北电力大学(保定)环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003

通讯作者:

马双忱(1968),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为燃煤污染控制化学,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202407166
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏