Article(id=1236714914258154102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772785412611, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772785412611, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772785412611, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772785412611, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236714913599648374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='166', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772785412454, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772785487409, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236715228050813334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236715228050813335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236714913599648374, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=11, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236714914593698426, articleId=1236714914258154102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary, columnId=1236714914522395257, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Energy storage technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Grid-forming energy storage system is expected to solve the problems like insufficient frequency modulation resources and disturbance resistance decline of large-scale new energy-based power grid. However, its active support ability is greatly limited due to its inherent power coupling characteristics, plus power overshoot, oscillation and even instability problems are most likely to occur with parameter variation. To solve this problem, a full-order small signal model for grid-forming energy storage system is developed, its frequency response characteristics are analyzed according to the output power state space model and its characteristic roots. On this basis, by analyzing the sensitivity and participation factors of the state space matrix parameters, the stable boundary of the grid-forming energy storage converter is given, and the influence of key parameters of the grid-forming energy storage converter on its dynamic power coupling, frequency support and other grid related characteristics is clarified. The simulation and semi physical experimental results have verified the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis, providing a basis for the design of grid connected parameters and stable operation of grid-forming energy storage converters.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jian YANG, Xiaoling SU, Laijun CHEN, Zhengkui ZHAO, Jun YANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236714919232598737, articleId=1236714914258154102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=考虑构网型储能换流器稳定边界的全阶小信号建模及频率支撑特性分析, columnId=1236714914694361723, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=储能技术研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

构网型储能是解决新能源大规模接入电网调频资源不足、抗扰动能力下降等问题的关键。受其固有的功率耦合特性影响,构网型换流器对系统的支撑能力受到极大限制,参数设置不合理极易出现功率超调、振荡甚至失稳等问题。对此,首先建立了构网型储能换流器并网系统全阶小信号模型,根据输出功率状态空间模型及其特征根,分析构网型储能换流器频率响应特性。在此基础上,通过状态空间矩阵参数灵敏度及参与因子分析,给出了构网型储能换流器稳定边界,明确了构网型储能换流器关键参数对其动态功率耦合、频率支撑等涉网特性的影响。仿真和半实物实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性,为构网型储能换流器并网参数设计及稳定运行提供了依据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
苏小玲(1986),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源发电并网稳定性分析及控制,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=ztv52hby9QraTFpYpZhrkQ==, magXml=RLXRYK+Gnh845daoIghs9g==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vEb/E42voYFTb1PCq6wgPA==, pdfFileSize=2252808, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=gRVjOAJkTMMR66Wu4YtI+w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=WKqrp/Jbx8HOecIlcP6D1g==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

杨健(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为构网型换流器并网稳定性分析,

, authorsList=杨健, 苏小玲, 陈来军, 赵正奎, 杨军)}, authors=[Author(id=1236714920050488048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1834669696@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920205677305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714920050488048, language=EN, stringName=Jian YANG, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920293757695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714920050488048, language=CN, stringName=杨健, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016, bio={"content":"

杨健(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为构网型换流器并网稳定性分析,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨健(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为构网型换流器并网稳定性分析,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919664612061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919777858274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919786246883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1236714920381838084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=suxiaoling@qhu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920495084302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714920381838084, language=EN, stringName=Xiaoling SU, firstName=Xiaoling, middleName=null, lastName=SU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920583164692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714920381838084, language=CN, stringName=苏小玲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919664612061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919777858274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919786246883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1236714920704799516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920834822949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714920704799516, language=EN, stringName=Laijun CHEN, firstName=Laijun, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714920910320429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714920704799516, language=CN, stringName=陈来军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919664612061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919777858274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919786246883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236714919870132966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919878521575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919870132966, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919886910184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919870132966, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084)])]), Author(id=1236714921010983731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714921128424251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714921010983731, language=EN, stringName=Zhengkui ZHAO, firstName=Zhengkui, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714921224893251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714921010983731, language=CN, stringName=赵正奎, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919664612061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919777858274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919786246883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016)])]), Author(id=1236714922718065490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236714922806145881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714922718065490, language=EN, stringName=Jun YANG, firstName=Jun, middleName=null, lastName=YANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236714922902614881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, authorId=1236714922718065490, language=CN, stringName=杨军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院,青海 西宁 810001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919962407659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919966601964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919962407659, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919970796269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919962407659, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院,青海 西宁 810001)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236714923011666788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=grid-forming energy storage), Keyword(id=1236714923091358570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=system support capability), Keyword(id=1236714923187827568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=stable boundary), Keyword(id=1236714923288490870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=full-order small-signal modeling), Keyword(id=1236714923405931388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=frequency response characteristics), Keyword(id=1236714923494011779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=构网型储能), Keyword(id=1236714923603063687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=系统支撑能力), Keyword(id=1236714923691144079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=稳定边界), Keyword(id=1236714923766641558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=全阶小信号建模), Keyword(id=1236714923871499167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=频率响应特性)], refs=[Reference(id=1236714929319899261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=2979, pageEnd=2986, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=周勤勇, 赵珊珊, 刘增训, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周勤勇, 赵珊珊, 刘增训, 等. 高比例新能源电力系统稳定拐点释义[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(8): 2979-2986., articleTitle=高比例新能源电力系统稳定拐点释义, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929462505603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=2979, pageEnd=2986, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHOU Qingyong, ZHAO Shanshan, LIU Zengxun, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Qingyong, ZHAO Shanshan, LIU Zengxun, et al. Discussion on inflection point for power system stability with high proportion of new energy generation[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(8): 2979-2986., articleTitle=Discussion on inflection point for power system stability with high proportion of new energy generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929558974600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=36, issue=4, pageStart=3271, pageEnd=3281, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=NIKOS H, JOVICA M, CLAUDIA R, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIKOS H, JOVICA M, CLAUDIA R, et al. Definition and classification of power system stability revisited & extended[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2021, 36(4): 3271-3281., articleTitle=Definition and classification of power system stability revisited & extended, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929663832205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=44, issue=null, pageStart=751, pageEnd=766, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=BOUZID A M, GUERRERO J M, CHERITI A, journalName=Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOUZID A M, GUERRERO J M, CHERITI A, et al. A survey on control of electric power distributed generation systems for microgrid applications[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 44: 751-766., articleTitle=A survey on control of electric power distributed generation systems for microgrid applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929781272720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=2339, pageEnd=2359, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=詹长江, 吴恒, 王雄飞, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=詹长江, 吴恒, 王雄飞, 等. 构网型变流器稳定性研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2359., articleTitle=构网型变流器稳定性研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929881936021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=6, pageStart=2339, pageEnd=2359, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=ZHAN Changjiang, WU Heng, WANG Xiongfei, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAN Changjiang, WU Heng, WANG Xiongfei, et al. An overview of stability studies of grid-forming voltage source converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2359., articleTitle=An overview of stability studies of grid-forming voltage source converters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714929982599324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=9, pageStart=3367, pageEnd=3383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=耿华, 何长军, 刘浴霜, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=耿华, 何长军, 刘浴霜, 等. 新能源电力系统的暂态同步稳定研究综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(9): 3367-3383., articleTitle=新能源电力系统的暂态同步稳定研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714930058096797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=9, pageStart=3367, pageEnd=3383, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=GENG Hua, HE Changjun, LIU Yushuang, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GENG Hua, HE Changjun, LIU Yushuang, et al. Overview on transient synchronization stability of renewable-rich power systems[J]. High Voltage Engineering , 2022, 48(9): 3367-3383., articleTitle=Overview on transient synchronization stability of renewable-rich power systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714930121011362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=57, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=赵炳洋, 赵波, 张芳, journalName=北京信息科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵炳洋, 赵波, 张芳, 等. 构网型逆变器技术综述[J]. 北京信息科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 37(4): 57-67., articleTitle=构网型逆变器技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931547074724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=57, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHAO Bingyang, ZHAO Bo, ZHANG Fang, journalName=Journal of Beijing Information Science and Technology University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Bingyang, ZHAO Bo, ZHANG Fang, et al. Overview of grid forming inverter technology[J]. Journal of Beijing Information Science and Technology University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 37(4): 57-67., articleTitle=Overview of grid forming inverter technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931643543722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=10, authorNames=屈子森, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=屈子森. 高比例新能源电力系统电压源型变流器同步稳定性分析与控制技术[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021: 1., articleTitle=高比例新能源电力系统电压源型变流器同步稳定性分析与控制技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931756789935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=QU Zisen, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QU Zisen. Synchronization stability analysis and control technology of voltage source converter in power system with high penetration renewables[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2021: 1., articleTitle=Synchronization stability analysis and control technology of voltage source converter in power system with high penetration renewables, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931865841842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=50, issue=2, pageStart=590, pageEnd=604, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=12, authorNames=迟永宁, 江炳蔚, 胡家兵, journalName=高电压技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=迟永宁, 江炳蔚, 胡家兵, 等. 构网型变流器: 物理本质与特征[J]. 高电压技术, 2024, 50(2): 590-604., articleTitle=构网型变流器: 物理本质与特征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714931974893749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=50, issue=2, pageStart=590, pageEnd=604, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=CHI Yongning, JIANG Bingwei, HU Jiabing, journalName=High Voltage Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHI Yongning, JIANG Bingwei, HU Jiabing, et al. Grid-forming converters: physical mechanism and characteristics [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2024, 50(2): 590-604., articleTitle=Grid-forming converters: physical mechanism and characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932062974138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=14, authorNames=秦文萍, 魏琦, 蔡逸天, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=秦文萍, 魏琦, 蔡逸天, 等. 高比例新能源并网下配电网控保协同技术综述[J/OL]. [2024-05-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/14.1220.N.20231201.1040.004.html., articleTitle=高比例新能源并网下配电网控保协同技术综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932163637441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=QIN Wenping, WEI Qi, CAI Yitian, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIN Wenping, WEI Qi, CAI Yitian, et al. Review of distribution network collaborated control-protection technology under high proportion of new energy integration[J/OL]. [2024-05-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/14.1220.N.20231201.1040.004.html., articleTitle=Review of distribution network collaborated control-protection technology under high proportion of new energy integration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932247523527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=16, authorNames=张欣悦, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张欣悦. 构网型逆变器功率爬坡控制暂态稳定性研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2023: 1., articleTitle=构网型逆变器功率爬坡控制暂态稳定性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932360769736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=ZHANG Xinyue, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Xinyue. Research on transient stability of power climbing control for grid-forming inverters[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2023: 1., articleTitle=Research on transient stability of power climbing control for grid-forming inverters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932528541902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=17, issue=6, pageStart=89, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=18, authorNames=MATEVOSYAN J, BADRZADEH B, PREVOST T, journalName=IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATEVOSYAN J, BADRZADEH B, PREVOST T, et al. Grid-forming inverters: are they the key for high renewable penetration[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2019, 17(6): 89-98., articleTitle=Grid-forming inverters: are they the key for high renewable penetration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714932633399508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=13, pageStart=156, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=19, authorNames=卢栩舜, 朱金荣, 王磊, journalName=电子设计工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卢栩舜, 朱金荣, 王磊. 基于虚拟同步发电机的并离网控制策略优化[J]. 电子设计工程, 2023, 31(13): 156-162., articleTitle=基于虚拟同步发电机的并离网控制策略优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714935963676890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=31, issue=13, pageStart=156, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LU Xushun, ZHU Jinrong, WANG Lei, journalName=Electronic Design Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU Xushun, ZHU Jinrong, WANG Lei. Optimization of grid-connected/islanded control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2023, 31(13): 156-162., articleTitle=Optimization of grid-connected/islanded control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936093700320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=63, issue=7, pageStart=4292, pageEnd=4303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=21, authorNames=WU H, RUAN X B, YANG D S, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H, RUAN X B, YANG D S, et al. Small-signal modeling and parameters design for virtualsynchronous generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(7): 4292-4303., articleTitle=Small-signal modeling and parameters design for virtualsynchronous generators, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936190169320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=3517, pageEnd=3527, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=张勇, 孙同越, 李云丰, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张勇, 孙同越, 李云丰, 等. 风电场融合电池储能的稳定性分析及阻尼控制器参数解析计算[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(9): 3517-3527., articleTitle=风电场融合电池储能的稳定性分析及阻尼控制器参数解析计算, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936261472491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=47, issue=9, pageStart=3517, pageEnd=3527, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=23, authorNames=ZHANG Yong, SUN Tongyue, LI Yunfeng, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Yong, SUN Tongyue, LI Yunfeng, et al. Stability analysis and parameters calculation of damping controller for wind power plant integrated with battery energy storage system[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(9): 3517-3527., articleTitle=Stability analysis and parameters calculation of damping controller for wind power plant integrated with battery energy storage system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936370524400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=YI M, HUANG Y H, ZHU D, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YI M, HUANG Y H, ZHU D. Research on subsynchronous oscillation of photovoltaic and battery storage systems integrated to weak grid[C]//Proceedings of 2020 4th International Conference on HVDC. Xi’an, China: IEEE, 2020., articleTitle=Research on subsynchronous oscillation of photovoltaic and battery storage systems integrated to weak grid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936492159223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=11, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=李翼翔, 田震, 唐英杰, journalName=电力自动化设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李翼翔, 田震, 唐英杰, 等. 考虑构网型与跟网型逆变器交互的孤岛微电网小信号稳定性分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42(8): 11-18., articleTitle=考虑构网型与跟网型逆变器交互的孤岛微电网小信号稳定性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936601211135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=11, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=LI Yixiang, TIAN Zhen, TANG Yingjie, journalName=Electric Power Automation Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Yixiang, TIAN Zhen, TANG Yingjie, et al. Small-signal stability analysis of island microgrid considering interaction between grid-forming converter and grid-following converter[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42(8): 11-18., articleTitle=Small-signal stability analysis of island microgrid considering interaction between grid-forming converter and grid-following converter, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936689291520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=12, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=张心怡, 杨波, journalName=综合智慧能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张心怡, 杨波. 考虑构网型和跟网型变流器的孤岛微电网小信号稳定性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(2): 12-18., articleTitle=考虑构网型和跟网型变流器的孤岛微电网小信号稳定性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936806732036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=12, pageEnd=18, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=ZHANG Xinyi, YANG Bo, journalName=Integrated Intelligent Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Xinyi, YANG Bo. Stability analysis on islanded microgrids with grid-forming and grid-following converters[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(2): 12-18., articleTitle=Stability analysis on islanded microgrids with grid-forming and grid-following converters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936882229510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=刘永慧, 王跃, 彭阳, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘永慧, 王跃, 彭阳, 等. 提升组网型变流器并网交互稳定性的控制参数整定方法[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(1): 16-27., articleTitle=提升组网型变流器并网交互稳定性的控制参数整定方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714936966115593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=16, pageEnd=27, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LIU Yonghui, WANG Yue, PENG Yang, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yonghui, WANG Yue, PENG Yang, et al. Parameter tuning for improving interaction stability of grid-forming converter and power grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(1): 16-27., articleTitle=Parameter tuning for improving interaction stability of grid-forming converter and power grid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937054195985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=李旭枫, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李旭枫. 基于阻抗分析法的交直流配电关键设备稳定性研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2021: 1., articleTitle=基于阻抗分析法的交直流配电关键设备稳定性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937146470677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LI Xufeng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xufeng. Research on stability of key equipment in AC/DC distribution network based on impedance analysis method[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021: 1., articleTitle=Research on stability of key equipment in AC/DC distribution network based on impedance analysis method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937259716889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=13, pageStart=92, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=任自盼, 鲁宝春, 赵亚龙, journalName=电力系统保护与控制, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任自盼, 鲁宝春, 赵亚龙, 等. 光伏虚拟同步发电机建模与仿真研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47(13): 92-99., articleTitle=光伏虚拟同步发电机建模与仿真研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937356185886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=47, issue=13, pageStart=92, pageEnd=99, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=34, authorNames=REN Zipan, LU Baochun, ZHAO Yalong, journalName=Power System Protection and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Zipan, LU Baochun, ZHAO Yalong, et al. Research on modeling and simulation of photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47(13): 92-99., articleTitle=Research on modeling and simulation of photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937461043492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=24, pageStart=79, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=程子霞, 于洋, 柴旭峥, journalName=电力系统保护与控制, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程子霞, 于洋, 柴旭峥. 基于协同自适应控制的光储VSG运行控制研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(24): 79-85., articleTitle=基于协同自适应控制的光储VSG运行控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937561706791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=48, issue=24, pageStart=79, pageEnd=85, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=36, authorNames=CHENG Zixia, YU Yang, CHAI Xuzheng, journalName=Power System Protection and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG Zixia, YU Yang, CHAI Xuzheng. Research on operation control of a photovoltaic system with storage VSG based on cooperative adaptive contro[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48(24): 79-85., articleTitle=Research on operation control of a photovoltaic system with storage VSG based on cooperative adaptive contro, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937645592876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=683, pageEnd=689, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=刘洋, 邵广惠, 张弘鹏, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘洋, 邵广惠, 张弘鹏, 等. 新能源参与系统一次调频分析及参数设置[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(2): 683-689., articleTitle=新能源参与系统一次调频分析及参数设置, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937742061875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=683, pageEnd=689, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=LIU Yang, SHAO Guanghui, ZHANG Hongpeng, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yang, SHAO Guanghui, ZHANG Hongpeng, et al. Analysis of renewable energy participation in primary frequency regulation and parameter setting scheme of power grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(2): 683-689., articleTitle=Analysis of renewable energy participation in primary frequency regulation and parameter setting scheme of power grid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937842725174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=425, pageEnd=435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=赵大伟, 马进, 钱敏慧, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵大伟, 马进, 钱敏慧, 等. 光伏电站参与大电网一次调频的控制增益研究[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(2): 425-435., articleTitle=光伏电站参与大电网一次调频的控制增益研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714937955971386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=425, pageEnd=435, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=ZHAO Dawei, MA Jin, QIAN Minhui, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Dawei, MA Jin, QIAN Minhui, et al. Research on control gain for photovoltaic power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of large power grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(2): 425-435., articleTitle=Research on control gain for photovoltaic power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of large power grid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938065023294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=1451, pageEnd=1457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=41, authorNames=李吉祥, 赵晋斌, 屈克庆, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李吉祥, 赵晋斌, 屈克庆, 等. 考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(5): 1451-1457., articleTitle=考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938144715070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=1451, pageEnd=1457, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=42, authorNames=LI Jixiang, ZHAO Jinbin, QU Keqing, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Jixiang, ZHAO Jinbin, QU Keqing, et al. Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOC characteristics[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(5): 1451-1457., articleTitle=Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOC characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938216018241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=19, pageStart=88, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=43, authorNames=王亚军, 杨立波, 马斌, journalName=电力系统保护与控制, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王亚军, 杨立波, 马斌, 等. 虚拟同步机惯量及阻尼系数协调优化方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50(19): 88-98., articleTitle=虚拟同步机惯量及阻尼系数协调优化方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938287321412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=19, pageStart=88, pageEnd=98, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=44, authorNames=WANG Yajun, YANG Libo, MA Bin, journalName=Power System Protection and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yajun, YANG Libo, MA Bin, et al. Coordinated and optimization strategy of virtual inertia and damping coefficient of a virtual synchronous generator[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50(19): 88-98., articleTitle=Coordinated and optimization strategy of virtual inertia and damping coefficient of a virtual synchronous generator, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938387984711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=7, pageStart=12, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=45, authorNames=王雪, 刘林, 刘文迪, journalName=中国电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雪, 刘林, 刘文迪, 等. 基于纵横交叉算法的新型电力系统惯量延迟优化控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 12-20., articleTitle=基于纵横交叉算法的新型电力系统惯量延迟优化控制策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938476065097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=57, issue=7, pageStart=12, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=46, authorNames=WANG Xue, LIU Lin, LIU Wendi, journalName=Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xue, LIU Lin, LIU Wendi, et al. A novel inertia delay optimal control strategy for new power systems based on crisscross optimization[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(7): 12-20., articleTitle=A novel inertia delay optimal control strategy for new power systems based on crisscross optimization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938580922700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=410, pageEnd=419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=47, authorNames=朱作滨, 孙树敏, 丁月明, journalName=太阳能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱作滨, 孙树敏, 丁月明, 等. 基于储能协调自适应VSG控制策略研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(12): 410-419., articleTitle=基于储能协调自适应VSG控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938664808784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=410, pageEnd=419, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=48, authorNames=ZHU Zuobin, SUN Shumin, DING Yueming, journalName=Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Zuobin, SUN Shumin, DING Yueming, et al. Research on adaptive VSG control strategy based on energy storage coordination[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2023, 44(12): 410-419., articleTitle=Research on adaptive VSG control strategy based on energy storage coordination, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938744500561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=20, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=49, authorNames=程爽, 李强, 李先允, journalName=机械与电子, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程爽, 李强, 李先允, 等. 构网型变流器参与因子分析及参数优化[J]. 机械与电子, 2024, 42(7): 20-25., articleTitle=构网型变流器参与因子分析及参数优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236714938845163863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=42, issue=7, pageStart=20, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=50, authorNames=CHENG Shuang, LI Qiang, LI Xianyun, journalName=Machinery and Electronics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG Shuang, LI Qiang, LI Xianyun, et al. Virtual synchro multi-machine system participation analysis and parameter optimization[J]. Machinery and Electronics, 2024, 42(7): 20-25., articleTitle=Virtual synchro multi-machine system participation analysis and parameter optimization, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236714928875303017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, awardId=2022-ZJ-935Q, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-935Q), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714928959189100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, awardId=2022-ZJ-935Q, language=CN, fundingSource=青海省基础研究计划项目(2022-ZJ-935Q), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714929047269488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, awardId=52167022, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52167022), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236714929160515701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, awardId=52167022, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52167022), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236714919664612061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919777858274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919786246883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919664612061, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236714919870132966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919878521575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919870132966, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919886910184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919870132966, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236714919962407659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919966601964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919962407659, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236714919970796269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, companyId=1236714919962407659, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院,青海 西宁 810001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236714923993133992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Control block diagram of grid-connected system, figureFileSmall=hwdDgLLerpDWgjasOYuREQ==, figureFileBig=gRVjOAJkTMMR66Wu4YtI+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924081214389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图1, caption=构网型并网系统控制框图, figureFileSmall=hwdDgLLerpDWgjasOYuREQ==, figureFileBig=gRVjOAJkTMMR66Wu4YtI+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924324484032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Block diagram of grid-forming power control, figureFileSmall=ckNSrkrR7hNl0k4vkIjSFA==, figureFileBig=ar577B0x1l4/fl6N5aNg3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924441924555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图2, caption=构网型功率控制框图, figureFileSmall=ckNSrkrR7hNl0k4vkIjSFA==, figureFileBig=ar577B0x1l4/fl6N5aNg3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924555170768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Block diagram of voltage and current double-loop control, figureFileSmall=JvKyjnAASm5JTBbDXtb/RQ==, figureFileBig=SAfSonF72dpfh3q6TvHs9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924630668247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图3, caption=电压电流双环控制框图, figureFileSmall=JvKyjnAASm5JTBbDXtb/RQ==, figureFileBig=SAfSonF72dpfh3q6TvHs9Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924706165726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Feature root distribution, figureFileSmall=6xoeI0mhnBXjnpwHXVM1Hw==, figureFileBig=notaF4F5CG5LwKlID0W9AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924802634721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图4, caption=特征根分布, figureFileSmall=6xoeI0mhnBXjnpwHXVM1Hw==, figureFileBig=notaF4F5CG5LwKlID0W9AA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924882326504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Participation factor of grid-forming energy storage converter, figureFileSmall=ztPB+HR2IluRRCCg94la0w==, figureFileBig=V2UB54sEh21/J1/nC63kDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714924957823981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图5, caption=构网型储能换流器参与因子, figureFileSmall=ztPB+HR2IluRRCCg94la0w==, figureFileBig=V2UB54sEh21/J1/nC63kDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925020738547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Root trajectories of virtual damping parameters with different virtual inertias, figureFileSmall=or1TSpng0mn2qX2TzXPfiw==, figureFileBig=NRpkWQoLbH+1DwAe8+SGAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925121401848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同虚拟惯量虚拟阻尼参数的根轨迹, figureFileSmall=or1TSpng0mn2qX2TzXPfiw==, figureFileBig=NRpkWQoLbH+1DwAe8+SGAA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925213676542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Stable boundary of the reticulated control ring, figureFileSmall=Mgr5o4+64emGrwgyH89h2Q==, figureFileBig=zRed+wW11Tk7T789626ooQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925293367298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图7, caption=构网型控制环稳定边界, figureFileSmall=Mgr5o4+64emGrwgyH89h2Q==, figureFileBig=zRed+wW11Tk7T789626ooQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925389836297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Simulation model, figureFileSmall=HG9Ahg1d8cRoSunH2BVU1A==, figureFileBig=XEyhSlg+DiWkJWOHWBdhaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925490499599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图8, caption=仿真模型, figureFileSmall=HG9Ahg1d8cRoSunH2BVU1A==, figureFileBig=XEyhSlg+DiWkJWOHWBdhaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714925586968597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Simulation waveforms of grid-forming energy storage converter, figureFileSmall=+rK3xWg/MAvougM/E5XzGQ==, figureFileBig=IL/ZUpdUT88enRHVMo8etw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927063363611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图9, caption=构网型储能换流器仿真波形, figureFileSmall=+rK3xWg/MAvougM/E5XzGQ==, figureFileBig=IL/ZUpdUT88enRHVMo8etw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927193387038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Simulation waveforms of grid-forming energy storage converter when J=20, figureFileSmall=d7MsBcPFw4Y2M2GabPKx5Q==, figureFileBig=14i7x+UpCmfxFkJ9NzjLFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927289856036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图10, caption=J=20时构网型储能换流器仿真波形, figureFileSmall=d7MsBcPFw4Y2M2GabPKx5Q==, figureFileBig=14i7x+UpCmfxFkJ9NzjLFQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927403102249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Simulation waveforms of grid-forming energy storage converter when D=50, figureFileSmall=Ju+QFzYqMxYE6en76THaeA==, figureFileBig=EMYENbOG8MEPHKJ/ekfhRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927541514283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图11, caption=D=50时构网型储能换流器仿真波形, figureFileSmall=Ju+QFzYqMxYE6en76THaeA==, figureFileBig=EMYENbOG8MEPHKJ/ekfhRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927633788978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=StarSim HIL experimental platform, figureFileSmall=0oqCEVjIY1bLV/rd9nDJJA==, figureFileBig=qwXQOpyw3MmmUO7llYaBTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927742840888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图12, caption=StarSim HIL实验平台, figureFileSmall=0oqCEVjIY1bLV/rd9nDJJA==, figureFileBig=qwXQOpyw3MmmUO7llYaBTg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927818338363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Simulation waveforms of grid-forming energy storage converter when J=4 and D=100, figureFileSmall=K8Xr5GQirTPpWv+yFP/+Ew==, figureFileBig=REos3sMHXYbfHfYwdN5YvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927910613056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图13, caption=J=4、D=100情况下构网型储能换流器实验波形, figureFileSmall=K8Xr5GQirTPpWv+yFP/+Ew==, figureFileBig=REos3sMHXYbfHfYwdN5YvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714927994499141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Simulation waveforms of grid-forming energy storage converter when J=20, figureFileSmall=6rNN5Nls0ZXosI20IGW+jg==, figureFileBig=69EtQTxjm5Zd4p9/2eo0aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928078385222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图14, caption= J=20时构网型储能换流器实验波形, figureFileSmall=6rNN5Nls0ZXosI20IGW+jg==, figureFileBig=69EtQTxjm5Zd4p9/2eo0aw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928187437131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Simulation results of grid-forming energy storage converter when D=50, figureFileSmall=WL953/x78kdYYD7l/fRu7A==, figureFileBig=Gx4T/sxXon677CIOOFFkPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928283906127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=图15, caption=D=50时构网型储能换流器实验波形, figureFileSmall=WL953/x78kdYYD7l/fRu7A==, figureFileBig=Gx4T/sxXon677CIOOFFkPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236714928380375123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Parameters of full-order small signal model for grid-forming energy storage converter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值项目数值
Rf/Ω0.05Rc/Ω0.05Iq/A3.9
Lf/mH3Lc/mH3Iod/A147.6
Cf/μF35Pref/kW80Ioq/A-0.03
Qref/var0Kd30Uod/V362.4
J/(kg·m2)4Kq0.000 1Uoq/V0
D/(N·s·m–1)100Id/A147.6ω0/(rad·s–1)314.3
Kpv6Kiv153Kpc0.323
Kic4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1236714928506204247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值项目数值
Rf/Ω0.05Rc/Ω0.05Iq/A3.9
Lf/mH3Lc/mH3Iod/A147.6
Cf/μF35Pref/kW80Ioq/A-0.03
Qref/var0Kd30Uod/V362.4
J/(kg·m2)4Kq0.000 1Uoq/V0
D/(N·s·m–1)100Id/A147.6ω0/(rad·s–1)314.3
Kpv6Kiv153Kpc0.323
Kic4.2
), ArticleFig(id=1236714928594284635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Characteristic roots of full-order small signal model for grid-forming energy storage converter

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征根实部虚部振荡频率/Hz阻尼比主要相关状态变量
λ1-2.288001iduoqiod
λ2-2.317001uodxiq
λ3-0.607001idiquod
λ4-0.009001idiquod
λ5-6-1.035±2.7284.2850.355ωid
λ7-8-309.854±299.453470.3800.719idxuq
λ9-10-1 478.410±10 025.65115 748.2560.146idiquodxud
λ11-12-1 576.007±10 592.44716 638.5770.147iduodioqxid
), ArticleFig(id=1236714928673976415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236714914258154102, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型参数特征根

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征根实部虚部振荡频率/Hz阻尼比主要相关状态变量
λ1-2.288001iduoqiod
λ2-2.317001uodxiq
λ3-0.607001idiquod
λ4-0.009001idiquod
λ5-6-1.035±2.7284.2850.355ωid
λ7-8-309.854±299.453470.3800.719idxuq
λ9-10-1 478.410±10 025.65115 748.2560.146idiquodxud
λ11-12-1 576.007±10 592.44716 638.5770.147iduodioqxid
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
考虑构网型储能换流器稳定边界的全阶小信号建模及频率支撑特性分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
杨健 1 , 苏小玲 1 , 陈来军 1, 2 , 赵正奎 1 , 杨军 3
热力发电 | 储能技术研究 2025,54(3): 1-11
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 储能技术研究 2025, 54(3): 1-11
考虑构网型储能换流器稳定边界的全阶小信号建模及频率支撑特性分析
全屏
杨健1 , 苏小玲1 , 陈来军1, 2, 赵正奎1, 杨军3
作者信息
  • 1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
  • 2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084
  • 3.国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院,青海 西宁 810001
  • 杨健(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为构网型换流器并网稳定性分析,

通讯作者:

苏小玲(1986),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源发电并网稳定性分析及控制,
Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary
Jian YANG1 , Xiaoling SU1 , Laijun CHEN1, 2, Zhengkui ZHAO1, Jun YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Intelligent Operation of New Energy Power System of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Electrical Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
  • 2.Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Electronics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 3.Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Qinghai Electric Power Company, Xining 810001, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
文章导航
收藏切换

构网型储能是解决新能源大规模接入电网调频资源不足、抗扰动能力下降等问题的关键。受其固有的功率耦合特性影响,构网型换流器对系统的支撑能力受到极大限制,参数设置不合理极易出现功率超调、振荡甚至失稳等问题。对此,首先建立了构网型储能换流器并网系统全阶小信号模型,根据输出功率状态空间模型及其特征根,分析构网型储能换流器频率响应特性。在此基础上,通过状态空间矩阵参数灵敏度及参与因子分析,给出了构网型储能换流器稳定边界,明确了构网型储能换流器关键参数对其动态功率耦合、频率支撑等涉网特性的影响。仿真和半实物实验结果验证了理论分析的正确性和可行性,为构网型储能换流器并网参数设计及稳定运行提供了依据。

构网型储能  /  系统支撑能力  /  稳定边界  /  全阶小信号建模  /  频率响应特性

Grid-forming energy storage system is expected to solve the problems like insufficient frequency modulation resources and disturbance resistance decline of large-scale new energy-based power grid. However, its active support ability is greatly limited due to its inherent power coupling characteristics, plus power overshoot, oscillation and even instability problems are most likely to occur with parameter variation. To solve this problem, a full-order small signal model for grid-forming energy storage system is developed, its frequency response characteristics are analyzed according to the output power state space model and its characteristic roots. On this basis, by analyzing the sensitivity and participation factors of the state space matrix parameters, the stable boundary of the grid-forming energy storage converter is given, and the influence of key parameters of the grid-forming energy storage converter on its dynamic power coupling, frequency support and other grid related characteristics is clarified. The simulation and semi physical experimental results have verified the correctness and feasibility of the theoretical analysis, providing a basis for the design of grid connected parameters and stable operation of grid-forming energy storage converters.

grid-forming energy storage  /  system support capability  /  stable boundary  /  full-order small-signal modeling  /  frequency response characteristics
杨健, 苏小玲, 陈来军, 赵正奎, 杨军. 考虑构网型储能换流器稳定边界的全阶小信号建模及频率支撑特性分析. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (3) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
Jian YANG, Xiaoling SU, Laijun CHEN, Zhengkui ZHAO, Jun YANG. Full-order small-signal modeling and frequency support characterization for grid-forming energy storage converter considering its stability boundary[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (3) : 1 -11 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
以电力电子设备为接口的风光新能源大规模并网,降低了网内同步发电机类电源占比,而电网带来了惯性下降、抗扰动能力弱等技术挑战,电网面临频率失稳的可能性。因此,新时代下可再生能源发电的接入规模将影响我国电力系统稳定性,需要对新时代背景下的电力系统稳定性进行研究,确保电网安全运行[1-2]
新能源发电通常以跟网型换流器接入电网[3-5],而这种基于锁相环的控制策略对电网的频率支撑不足,且受锁相环带宽限制,跟网型换流器在电网扰动情况下的稳定能力将进一步弱化[6-7],导致新能源大规模并网,电网可调节资源存量下降,抵御频率扰动的能力减弱。构网型储能换流器具有频率支撑能力,可改善跟网型换流器频率响应问题[8-10],它具有与同步发电机类似的输出特性,可描述为电压源。同步发电机电枢电阻高,可以在强电网中保持自身较大的连接阻抗,不存在2个电压源直接并联导致的振荡风险[11-12]。与同步发电机相比,构网型储能换流器的运行特性主要由虚拟惯量,虚拟阻尼等参数决定,没有具体的物理限制,参数选取灵活性高[13-15]
然而,在网侧频率扰动的情况下,构网型储能换流器对动态参数的频率响应特性是增加其振荡风险的主要诱因。构网型储能换流器等值电感动态变化也将进一步增加稳定分析的难度。文献[16-17]采用状态空间法建立了构网/跟网型换流器微电网模型,结果表明,构网型换流器虚拟阻尼增加,特征根则向复平面左侧变化,说明在合理范围内增大虚拟阻尼可提高其稳定性。但该模型仅适用于孤岛微电网,构网型储能换流器接入大电网,受电网运行状态的影响,很难在变工况下始终保持优越的稳定性。为分析构网型换流器并网振荡风险,文献[18-19]建立了构网型换流器阻抗模型,提出增减惯量均会影响对应频段的阻抗,且惯量越小,构网型换流器的负阻抗特性越明显。
针对构网型储能换流器的理论研究,目前主要从构网型控制建模[20-21]、构网型换流器小信号稳定性分析、储能优化配置,以及参数优化等方向[22-24]进行。在频率支撑特性研究中,构网型储能换流器的虚拟惯量与虚拟阻尼定为重点研究参数,文献[25]在虚拟惯量控制中加入暂态阻尼与稳态阻尼控制来改善暂态过程带来的影响,但仅考虑构网型控制环,未从全阶建模进行分析;文献[26]建立了基于构网型控制的三机九节点的电力系统模型,通过惯量延迟控制达到了优化效果,但分析模型并未考虑到滤波和线路参数的影响。文献[27]提出一种储能协调的自适应构网型控制策略,能够控制虚拟惯量与虚拟阻尼调节系统频率,但系统模型也是仅考虑构网型控制外环,忽略了滤波线路参数的影响。此外,构网型换流器虚拟惯量和阻尼系数与其频率支撑特性强相关,而目前构网型换流器等值模型、稳定性分析中弱化了线路模块、电压电流双环控制模块的影响,很难准确描述构网型换流器频率响应特性。
为研究电网频率变化工况下,构网型储能换流器虚拟惯量、虚拟阻尼对其频率支撑特性及稳定能力的影响,本文首先根据构网型储能换流主电路结合构网型控制及主要参数建立了构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型;然后,采用特征根法分析了构网型储能换流器在电网频率扰动下对系统频率支撑特性的影响,得出构网型储能换流器有功控制环稳定边界;最后,建立了时域仿真模型验证理论研究结果,并通过StarSim HIL平台完成了实验验证。
构网型储能换流器并网结构如图1所示,控制系统包括坐标变换、功率计算、构网控制和电压电流跟踪等模块。
将构网型控制器输出参考电压作为换流器的端口电压,由图1可得构网型储能换流器侧滤波电路在dq坐标系下的数学模型为:
{diddt=1Lf(Rfid+ωLfiq+uduod)diqdt=1Lf(RfiqωLfid+uquoq)duoddt=1Cf(ωCfuoq+idiod)duoqdt=1Cf(ωCfuod+iqioq)dioddt=1Lc(ωLcioq+uodugdRciod)dioqdt=1Lc(ωLciod+uoqugqRcioq)
式中:idiq为储能换流器输出电流dq坐标分量;iodioq为线路电感Lc的电流dq坐标分量;uduq为构网型储能换流器输出电压dq坐标分量;uoduoq为储能换流器交流侧滤波器电容电压dq坐标分量;ugdugq为储能换流器交流侧电网电压dq坐标系分量。设∆为线性化微小变量,式(1)可整理为:
ddt[ΔidqΔuodqΔiodq]=Af[ΔidqΔuodqΔiodq]+Bf[ΔudqΔugdqΔω]
其中:
Af=[RfLfω01Lf000ω0RfLf01Lf001Cf00ω01Cf001Cfω0001Cf001Lc0RcLcω00001Lcω0RcLc]
Bf=[1Lf000Iq01Lf00Id0000Uoq0000Uod001Lc0Ioq0001LcIod]
电网具有一定的抗干扰能力,在小干扰情况下电网电压幅值Eg与电网角频率ωg保持不变。以构网型换流器为参考坐标系,将电网侧小信号模型变换到同一旋转坐标系内,即:
{Δugd=Egcosδg0ΔδgΔugq=Egsinδg0ΔδgΔδ˙g=Δω
式中,δg为交流电网电压与参考坐标系d轴的相位差。
输出功率可根据构网型储能换流器交流侧滤波器电容电压uoduoq与线路电感Lc的电流iodioq计算,对应小信号模型为:
{ΔP=1.5(IodΔuod+IoqΔuoq+UodΔiod+UoqΔioq)ΔQ=1.5(IodΔuoqIoqΔuod+UoqΔiodUodΔioq)
构网型储能换流器功率控制如图2所示,包括有功功率控制与无功功率控制模块。
根据图2,得到构网型功率控制模块的状态方程为:
{Jd(ωωn)dt=PPref+Kd(ωnω)ωn+D(ωnω)uVSG_d=urefKq(QQref)
在电网小扰动情况下,将式(5)在dq旋转坐标系下线性化,可得构网型换流器小信号状态空间模型为:
{dΔωdt=Kd+DωnJωnΔω1JωnΔPΔuVSG_d=KqΔQ
电压电流双环控制响应速度快、稳定可靠,内外环间的协同作用能够实现精准控制,与构网型控制配合能够提高构网型换流器运行可靠性。构网型储能换流器电压电流跟踪模块结构如图3所示。
图3可得电流指令值iudiuq和电压指令值uduq的关系为:
{iud=ωnCfuoq+Kpv(uVSG_duod)+Kivxudiuq=ωnCfuod+Kpv(uVSG_quoq)+Kivxuqud=uodωnLfiq+Kpc(iudid)+Kicxiduq=uoq+ωnLfid+Kpc(iuqiq)+Kicxiq
式(7)对应的小信号状态空间模型为:
{Δiud=KivΔxud+KpvΔuVSG_dKpvΔuodωnCfΔuoqΔiuq=KivΔxuq+KpvΔuVSG_qKpvΔuoq+ωnCfΔuodΔud=KicΔxid+KpcΔiudKpcΔidωnLfΔiq+ΔuodΔuq=KicΔxiq+KpcΔiuqKpcΔiq+ωnLfΔid+Δuoq
将变量xudxuqxidxiq分别定义为电压电流跟踪模块的中间状态变量,结合式(1)、式(6)与式(8)可得电压电流跟踪模块状态方程为:
{dxuddt=uVSG_duoddxuqdt=uVSG_quoqdxiddt=iudiddxiqdt=iuqiq
将式(9)线性化,得到小信号模型为:
ddt[ΔxudqΔxidq]=A1[ΔuodqΔidq]+B1[ΔidqΔuodqΔiodq]
其中:A1=[0KpcKivKpcKiv00KicKic0]TB1=[ωnLfKpcKpcωnLfKpcωnCf1+1.5KpcKpvKqIoqKpcKpvKpcKpv1.5KpcKpvKqIodKpcωnCf01.5KpcKpvKqUoq01.5KpcKpvKqUod]T
整理构网型储能换流器主电路、控制模块小信号模型,建立构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型,如式(11)所示:
Δx˙=AΔx
式中:A为构网型储能换流器并网系统的状态矩阵,A=[Az1 Az2 Az3 Az4];∆x=[∆x1,∆δg]T为系统状态变量,∆x1=[∆ω, ∆idq, ∆uodq, ∆iodq, ∆xudq, ∆xidq]T。其中:Az1=[KdDωnJωn00IqKpcRfLfω0ωnIdωnω0KpcRfLfUoq1Cf0Uod01CfIoq00Iod00000000010001100]Az2=[1.5IodJωn1.5IoqJωn1.5KpcKpvKqIoqKpcKpvLf1.5KpcKpvKqIodKpcωnCfLfKpcωnCfLfKpcKpv1Lf0ω0ω0001Lc01Lc1.5KqIoq11.5KqIod011.5KpvKqIoqKpv1.5KpvKqIodωnCfωnCfKpv00]Az3=[1.5UodJωn1.5UoqJωn01.5KpcKpvKqUoqLf1.5KpcKpvKqUodLfKpcKivLf0001Cf0001Cf0RcLcω00ω0RcLc01.5KqUoq1.5KqUod00001.5KpvKqUoq1.5KpvKqUodKiv000000]Az4=[00000KivLf00KpcKivLf0KicLf000000000000EgcosδgLc000EgsinδgLc000000000000Kiv0000000]
根据式(11)的构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型及表1参数,可计算出系统的全部特征根,见图4表2。在此基础上,可确定其主导特征根并根据主导特征根的变化趋势确定构网型储能换流器并网系统稳定性,以及在该稳态运行点处参数变化对系统小信号稳定性及动态特性的影响。
为进一步分析不同模块对构网型储能换流器的影响程度,根据式(11)构建的构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型进行参与因子分析,由构网型储能换流器状态矩阵A可计算状态矩阵的右特征向量vi与左特征向量uiT,右特征向量体现了状态变量对模式的“客观性”,左特征向量体现了状态变量对模式的“可控性”,将左特征向量与右特征向量相乘即可得到第k个状态变量xk与第i个模态λi的参与因子,即[28]
Pki=ukivki
式中:uki为左特征向量uiT中第k个元素,表示状态变量xk对模式i的影响程度;vki为右特征向量vi中第k个元素,表示状态变量xk对模式i的活动状况。
图5为构网型储能换流器参与因子。图中ωid状态变量的参与因子为正,表示在构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型中构网型有功控制环与线路参数对整个系统的影响程度较高,其他参与因子为0甚至为负值,对整个系统的稳定影响不大。对比状态变量ωid的参与因子,可以看出ω的参与因子远远大于id,所以构网型储能换流器的稳定性取决于构网型有功控制环。
构网型换流器有功功率控制环中的虚拟惯量与虚拟阻尼系数可灵活调节,且直接影响系统稳定状态。若虚拟惯量不变,增大虚拟阻尼可减小系统的超调量、增加稳定时间。若虚拟阻尼保持不变,增大虚拟惯量则会增加系统振荡风险。需要明确稳定边界,保证构网型储能换流器的控制性能。
表2可知,系统共有12个特征根,对应4个振荡模态。在所有特征根中,因为特征根λ7-12距虚轴距离最远,所以可以忽略其对稳定性的影响。特征根λ5-6的振荡频率较低,最靠近虚轴且为振荡衰减模态,是系统主导特征根,对稳定性影响较大。据前文分析可知,影响构网型储能换流器稳定性的主要因素在于构网型有功控制环。虚拟转动惯量J、虚拟阻尼系数D及特征根λ5-6的变化趋势如图6所示。
若虚拟转动惯量J=4→20变化过程中其他参数保持不变,对特征根λ5-6的影响如图6a)所示,图中箭头方向表示特征根λ5-6随虚拟转动惯量J增大的稳定趋势。由图6a)可得,随着虚拟转动惯量J的增大,特征根λ5-6向复平面右侧靠近虚轴的方向移动,振荡频率略有减小。在电网扰动的情况下,J的增大会导致构网型储能换流器频率与输出功率振荡。
在虚拟阻尼系数D=50→100变化过程中,对振荡衰减模态特征根λ5-6的影响如图6b)所示。由图6b)可知,随着虚拟阻尼系数D增加,特征根λ5-6向复平面左侧远离虚轴的方向移动,并且远离虚轴的运动速度远大于远离实轴的运动速度,对应的振荡衰减模态的阻尼比增大,超调量将逐渐减小,振荡频率也略有下降。同理,虚拟阻尼系数D较小,在电网扰动情况下构网型储能换流器频率出现振荡甚至失稳。
基于构网型控制环虚拟惯量J与虚拟阻尼D的根轨迹,图7给出了相应JD的构网型储能换流器稳定边界。
图7可以看出:初始D=68时,构网型储能换流器J低于20时即可保持稳定;当D=50即保证构网储能换流器虚拟阻尼最小运行时,需要保证系统虚拟惯量J减小到14以下才能保持稳定。
基于MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建构网型储能换流器仿真模型,如图8所示。仿真模型由主电路、坐标变换模块、构网型控制模块与电压电流双环控制模块组成,设虚拟转动惯量J=4、虚拟阻尼系数D=100,仿真时长设为5 s。
若负荷突增0.03 MW,电网频率降低,此时构网型换流器的额定功率为0.08 MW,额定电压为380 V。电网频率下降,构网型储能换流器将增发有功功率支撑电网频率。在此过程中,储能换流器的稳定性及其频率支撑能力主要由虚拟惯量系数J和虚拟阻尼系数D决定。
2 s时刻电网频率降低0.2 Hz,3 s时刻电网频率恢复到50 Hz,仿真结果如图9所示。构网型储能换流器稳定运行,因2 s时刻电网频率下降,构网型储能换流器输出有功功率增加以支撑电网,在此过程中,换流器电流升高,电压始终保持稳定。3 s时刻电网频率恢复,构网型储能换流器输出有功功率从0.12 MW降低到0.08 MW,在此过程中,换流器电流减小,电压始终保持稳定。
增大虚拟转动惯量J=20,构网型储能换流器仿真波形图10所示,频率在2.8 s到达最低值49.75 Hz,换流器有功功率虽然增加,但出现了振荡。与图10a)、图10b)相比,换流器具备支撑能力,但是由于J增大,换流器的抗扰动能力下降。
减小虚拟阻尼系数至D=50,构网型储能换流器仿真波形如图11所示。由图11可以看出,电网频率在2.3 s下降至49.73 Hz,3.4 s时达到50.03 Hz。与图9b)相比,由于虚拟阻尼系数D减小,衰减振荡时间增加,而构网型换流器输出功率仅可增加到0.1 MW。
构网型储能换流器并网等效电感的存在会叠加负阻尼力矩,导致阻尼比减小。如果负阻尼的绝对值大于虚拟阻尼系数D,构网型换流器就会出现振荡、支撑能力不足等问题。
基于图12所示的StarSim MT6020和NI PXle-1071平台搭建构网型储能换流器稳定性分析实验模型,模型由StarSim MT6020仿真器、NI PXle-1071控制器、交换机等组成。
首先,通过实验验证构网储能型换流器的稳定性(J=4、D=100);其次,增大虚拟惯量(J=20、D=100),验证电网扰动情况下构网型储能换流器的稳定性;最后,减小虚拟阻尼系数(J=4、D=50),验证电网扰动情况下构网型储能换流器的稳定性;电网扰动为频率下降0.2 Hz。
图13J=4、D=100情况下构网型储能换流器实验波形。由图13可以看出,2.30 s时刻电网频率下降0.2 Hz,4.60 s时刻电网频率恢复至50 Hz。构网型储能换流器有功功率增加至0.12 MW,以支撑电网频率,在此过程中,换流器电流升高,电压始终保持稳定。实验结果与仿真结果一致。
设定J=20、D=100,实验结果如图14所示。与图13a)、图13b)相比,频率低于49.80 Hz,且在2.50 s时刻与输出功率同时出现了振荡。4.5 s时刻电网频率恢复至50.00 Hz,但构网型储能换流器在5.00 s后才能达到稳定状态,验证了理论与仿真分析结果:虚拟惯量增大会增加构网型储能换流器的振荡风险。
J=4、D=50情况下的实验结果如图15所示。构网型储能换流器虚拟阻尼减小,造成负阻尼绝对值大于虚拟阻尼D,导致构网型储能换流器输出电压与输出电流畸变,有功功率始终有振荡,且对电网的支撑减弱。频率最低值为49.57 Hz,远低于图13的实验结果;频率最高值达50.40 Hz,也高于图13的实验结果。
考虑构网型储能换流器典型并网拓扑结构和功率、电压/电流各控制环节,建立了构网型储能换流器全阶小信号模型。通过特征根分析了影响并网系统稳定的主要控制参数,并基于关键影响参数及参与因子对特征根的影响进一步给出了构网型储能换流器稳定边界,明确了在电网侧用电负荷扰动工况下构网型储能换流器参数对系统频率支撑特性的影响。得出以下结论:
1)由于构网型储能换流器并网电感的存在,随构网型储能换流器虚拟惯量的增加,其抗扰动能力下降;虚拟阻尼减小会使构网型储能换流器叠加负阻尼力矩,导致阻尼比减小,构网型储能换流器的稳定性变差,甚至面临振荡失稳问题。
2)在发电功率小于用电负荷、电网出现频率降低情况下:初始D=68时,构网型储能换流器J低于20时即可保持稳定;当D=50即保证构网储能换流器虚拟阻尼最小运行时,需要保证系统虚拟惯量J减小到14以下才能保持稳定。
3)虚拟惯量J增大将导致频率降低变化量更大,并伴随换流器有功功率发生衰减振荡。而虚拟阻尼D减小则会造成构网型储能换流器输出功率变化量减小,支撑能力不足,振荡时间变长。
4)仿真和半实物实验结果与理论分析一致,验证了理论分析给出的稳定边界条件,为构网型储能换流器并网参数的设计及稳定运行提供了依据。
5)随着以电力电子设备为接口的储能、新能源发电渗透率的不断增长,电力系统的等效调节资源持续下降,构网型换流器在支撑电网运行的同时必然面临与跟网型换流协同运行的场景,因此,下一步研究工作将重点关注跟网型换流器与构网型换流器的交互作用。
  • 青海省基础研究计划项目(2022-ZJ-935Q)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52167022)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
周勤勇, 赵珊珊, 刘增训, 等. 高比例新能源电力系统稳定拐点释义[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(8): 2979-2986.
ZHOU Qingyong, ZHAO Shanshan, LIU Zengxun, et al. Discussion on inflection point for power system stability with high proportion of new energy generation[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(8): 2979-2986.
[2]
NIKOS H, JOVICA M, CLAUDIA R, et al. Definition and classification of power system stability revisited & extended[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2021, 36(4): 3271-3281.
[3]
BOUZID A M, GUERRERO J M, CHERITI A, et al. A survey on control of electric power distributed generation systems for microgrid applications[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2015, 44: 751-766.
[4]
詹长江, 吴恒, 王雄飞, 等. 构网型变流器稳定性研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2359.
ZHAN Changjiang, WU Heng, WANG Xiongfei, et al. An overview of stability studies of grid-forming voltage source converters[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(6): 2339-2359.
[5]
耿华, 何长军, 刘浴霜, 等. 新能源电力系统的暂态同步稳定研究综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2022, 48(9): 3367-3383.
GENG Hua, HE Changjun, LIU Yushuang, et al. Overview on transient synchronization stability of renewable-rich power systems[J]. High Voltage Engineering , 2022, 48(9): 3367-3383.
[6]
赵炳洋, 赵波, 张芳, 等. 构网型逆变器技术综述[J]. 北京信息科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 37(4): 57-67.
ZHAO Bingyang, ZHAO Bo, ZHANG Fang, et al. Overview of grid forming inverter technology[J]. Journal of Beijing Information Science and Technology University (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 37(4): 57-67.
[7]
屈子森. 高比例新能源电力系统电压源型变流器同步稳定性分析与控制技术[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2021: 1.
QU Zisen. Synchronization stability analysis and control technology of voltage source converter in power system with high penetration renewables[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2021: 1.
[8]
迟永宁, 江炳蔚, 胡家兵, 等. 构网型变流器: 物理本质与特征[J]. 高电压技术, 2024, 50(2): 590-604.
CHI Yongning, JIANG Bingwei, HU Jiabing, et al. Grid-forming converters: physical mechanism and characteristics [J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2024, 50(2): 590-604.
[9]
秦文萍, 魏琦, 蔡逸天, 等. 高比例新能源并网下配电网控保协同技术综述[J/OL]. [2024-05-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/14.1220.N.20231201.1040.004.html.
QIN Wenping, WEI Qi, CAI Yitian, et al. Review of distribution network collaborated control-protection technology under high proportion of new energy integration[J/OL]. [2024-05-10]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/14.1220.N.20231201.1040.004.html.
[10]
张欣悦. 构网型逆变器功率爬坡控制暂态稳定性研究[D]. 秦皇岛: 燕山大学, 2023: 1.
ZHANG Xinyue. Research on transient stability of power climbing control for grid-forming inverters[D]. Qinhuangdao: Yanshan University, 2023: 1.
[11]
MATEVOSYAN J, BADRZADEH B, PREVOST T, et al. Grid-forming inverters: are they the key for high renewable penetration[J]. IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, 2019, 17(6): 89-98.
[12]
卢栩舜, 朱金荣, 王磊. 基于虚拟同步发电机的并离网控制策略优化[J]. 电子设计工程, 2023, 31(13): 156-162.
LU Xushun, ZHU Jinrong, WANG Lei. Optimization of grid-connected/islanded control strategy based on virtual synchronous generator[J]. Electronic Design Engineering, 2023, 31(13): 156-162.
[13]
WU H, RUAN X B, YANG D S, et al. Small-signal modeling and parameters design for virtualsynchronous generators[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63(7): 4292-4303.
[14]
张勇, 孙同越, 李云丰, 等. 风电场融合电池储能的稳定性分析及阻尼控制器参数解析计算[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(9): 3517-3527.
ZHANG Yong, SUN Tongyue, LI Yunfeng, et al. Stability analysis and parameters calculation of damping controller for wind power plant integrated with battery energy storage system[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(9): 3517-3527.
[15]
YI M, HUANG Y H, ZHU D. Research on subsynchronous oscillation of photovoltaic and battery storage systems integrated to weak grid[C]//Proceedings of 2020 4th International Conference on HVDC. Xi’an, China: IEEE, 2020.
[16]
李翼翔, 田震, 唐英杰, 等. 考虑构网型与跟网型逆变器交互的孤岛微电网小信号稳定性分析[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2022, 42(8): 11-18.
LI Yixiang, TIAN Zhen, TANG Yingjie, et al. Small-signal stability analysis of island microgrid considering interaction between grid-forming converter and grid-following converter[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2022, 42(8): 11-18.
[17]
张心怡, 杨波. 考虑构网型和跟网型变流器的孤岛微电网小信号稳定性分析[J]. 综合智慧能源, 2024, 46(2): 12-18.
ZHANG Xinyi, YANG Bo. Stability analysis on islanded microgrids with grid-forming and grid-following converters[J]. Integrated Intelligent Energy, 2024, 46(2): 12-18.
[18]
刘永慧, 王跃, 彭阳, 等. 提升组网型变流器并网交互稳定性的控制参数整定方法[J]. 电网技术, 2023, 47(1): 16-27.
LIU Yonghui, WANG Yue, PENG Yang, et al. Parameter tuning for improving interaction stability of grid-forming converter and power grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2023, 47(1): 16-27.
[19]
李旭枫. 基于阻抗分析法的交直流配电关键设备稳定性研究[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2021: 1.
LI Xufeng. Research on stability of key equipment in AC/DC distribution network based on impedance analysis method[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021: 1.
[20]
任自盼, 鲁宝春, 赵亚龙, 等. 光伏虚拟同步发电机建模与仿真研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47(13): 92-99.
REN Zipan, LU Baochun, ZHAO Yalong, et al. Research on modeling and simulation of photovoltaic virtual synchronous generator[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47(13): 92-99.
[21]
程子霞, 于洋, 柴旭峥. 基于协同自适应控制的光储VSG运行控制研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2020, 48(24): 79-85.
CHENG Zixia, YU Yang, CHAI Xuzheng. Research on operation control of a photovoltaic system with storage VSG based on cooperative adaptive contro[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2020, 48(24): 79-85.
[22]
刘洋, 邵广惠, 张弘鹏, 等. 新能源参与系统一次调频分析及参数设置[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44(2): 683-689.
LIU Yang, SHAO Guanghui, ZHANG Hongpeng, et al. Analysis of renewable energy participation in primary frequency regulation and parameter setting scheme of power grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44(2): 683-689.
[23]
赵大伟, 马进, 钱敏慧, 等. 光伏电站参与大电网一次调频的控制增益研究[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(2): 425-435.
ZHAO Dawei, MA Jin, QIAN Minhui, et al. Research on control gain for photovoltaic power plants participating in primary frequency regulation of large power grid[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(2): 425-435.
[24]
李吉祥, 赵晋斌, 屈克庆, 等. 考虑SOC特性的微电网VSG运行参数边界分析[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42(5): 1451-1457.
LI Jixiang, ZHAO Jinbin, QU Keqing, et al. Boundary analysis of operation parameters of microgrid VSG considering SOC characteristics[J]. Power System Technology, 2018, 42(5): 1451-1457.
[25]
王亚军, 杨立波, 马斌, 等. 虚拟同步机惯量及阻尼系数协调优化方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2022, 50(19): 88-98.
WANG Yajun, YANG Libo, MA Bin, et al. Coordinated and optimization strategy of virtual inertia and damping coefficient of a virtual synchronous generator[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2022, 50(19): 88-98.
[26]
王雪, 刘林, 刘文迪, 等. 基于纵横交叉算法的新型电力系统惯量延迟优化控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(7): 12-20.
WANG Xue, LIU Lin, LIU Wendi, et al. A novel inertia delay optimal control strategy for new power systems based on crisscross optimization[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(7): 12-20.
[27]
朱作滨, 孙树敏, 丁月明, 等. 基于储能协调自适应VSG控制策略研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2023, 44(12): 410-419.
ZHU Zuobin, SUN Shumin, DING Yueming, et al. Research on adaptive VSG control strategy based on energy storage coordination[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2023, 44(12): 410-419.
[28]
程爽, 李强, 李先允, 等. 构网型变流器参与因子分析及参数优化[J]. 机械与电子, 2024, 42(7): 20-25.
CHENG Shuang, LI Qiang, LI Xianyun, et al. Virtual synchro multi-machine system participation analysis and parameter optimization[J]. Machinery and Electronics, 2024, 42(7): 20-25.
2025年第54卷第3期
PDF下载
134
60
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
  • 接收时间:2024-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-19
基金
Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2022-ZJ-935Q)
青海省基础研究计划项目(2022-ZJ-935Q)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52167022)
国家自然科学基金项目(52167022)
作者信息
    1.青海大学能源与电气工程学院新能源电力系统智慧运行教育部重点实验室,青海 西宁 810016
    2.清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,北京 100084
    3.国网青海省电力公司电力科学研究院,青海 西宁 810001

通讯作者:

苏小玲(1986),女,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为新能源发电并网稳定性分析及控制,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406169
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏