Article(id=1236699943545664146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236699937195479441, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202405108, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716307200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772781843315, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1727193600000, pubDateStr=2024-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772781843315, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772781843315, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772781843315, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236699937195479441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='154', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772781841801, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772781841801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null}, startPage=118, endPage=125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236699943868625568, articleId=1236699943545664146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation of hydrogen storage by adsorption on metal-organic framework Cu-BTC at low temperature, columnId=1236699938319552915, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Hydrogen storage technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hydrogen storage by physical adsorption offers significant advantages, including high safety, high hydrogen storage density, and fast hydrogen charging and discharging rates, making it a highly promising method for hydrogen storage. Among the various materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal hydrogen storage materials due to their highly ordered porous structures and tunable characteristics. To investigate the influence of thermal effects during the hydrogen adsorption process on storage performance, a numerical model of hydrogen storage by adsorption is established and validated. Subsequently, the hydrogen storage properties of Cu-BTC and activated carbon AX-21 tanks are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage capacity of Cu-BTC tank at different temperatures is explored. The results indicate that, compared with AX-21, the hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature increases by 12.8% when using Cu-BTC as adsorbent. When the storage temperature is reduced to 77 K, the maximum pressure in the Cu-BTC tank decreases to 0.97 MPa, and the hydrogen storage capacity increases by 174% compared with room temperature (300 K). These findings provide valuable insights for further research on the hydrogen storage capabilities of Cu-BTC materials.

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物理吸附储氢具有安全性能高、储氢密度大及充放氢速率快的优势,是一种极具应用潜力的储氢方式,其中金属有机架构物(MOFs)材料凭借其高度有序的孔隙结构和可调控特性已成为理想的吸氢材料。为探究吸附储氢过程热效应对储氢性能的影响,首先建立了吸附储氢数值模型并进行验证,随后对比分析了Cu-BTC与活性炭AX-21的储氢特性,并探究不同温度下Cu-BTC的储氢能力。计算结果表明:相较于AX-21,采用Cu-BTC作为吸附剂材料,常温下储氢量提升了12.8%;将储氢温度降至77 K时,Cu-BTC储罐的最高压力降至0.97 MPa,储氢质量相较于常温300 K提升了174%。以上结论可为Cu-BTC材料储氢研究提供参考。

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席肖桐(1995),女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为低温吸附传热传质特性,

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席肖桐(1995),女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为低温吸附传热传质特性,

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席肖桐(1995),女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为低温吸附传热传质特性,

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figureFileSmall=mgLrwDdF+2ivuH+4OMTScg==, figureFileBig=Kq9SbAmB+pbVRvmhaQ4Ocg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236699957789520037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同储氢温度下Cu-BTC储罐净吸附量, figureFileSmall=mgLrwDdF+2ivuH+4OMTScg==, figureFileBig=Kq9SbAmB+pbVRvmhaQ4Ocg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236699957877600424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Physical property parameters of the tank

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项目数值
储罐质量(仅罐壁)mw/kg3.714
外表面积A/m20.127 7
不锈钢密度ρw/(kg·m–3)7 830
不锈钢比热容cw/(J·(kg·K–1)–1)式(10)
), ArticleFig(id=1236699957961486509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

储罐物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
储罐质量(仅罐壁)mw/kg3.714
外表面积A/m20.127 7
不锈钢密度ρw/(kg·m–3)7 830
不锈钢比热容cw/(J·(kg·K–1)–1)式(10)
), ArticleFig(id=1236699958045372591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

D-A model parameters

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吸附剂材料nmax/
(mol·kg–1)
p0/
MPa
α/
(J·mol–1)
β/
(J·mol–1)
AX-2171.61 4703 08018.9
Cu-BTC34.71 2904 43014.1
), ArticleFig(id=1236699959500796080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

D-A模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
吸附剂材料nmax/
(mol·kg–1)
p0/
MPa
α/
(J·mol–1)
β/
(J·mol–1)
AX-2171.61 4703 08018.9
Cu-BTC34.71 2904 43014.1
), ArticleFig(id=1236699959584682164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Material properties of adsorbents

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项目AX-21Cu-BTC
堆积密度/(kg·m–3)269460
比热容/(J·(kg·K–1)–1)825式(11)
填充质量/kg0.6711.148
空隙率0.4900.298
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吸附剂材料的物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目AX-21Cu-BTC
堆积密度/(kg·m–3)269460
比热容/(J·(kg·K–1)–1)825式(11)
填充质量/kg0.6711.148
空隙率0.4900.298
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Mass flow rate of hydrogen

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时间/s质量流量/(kg·s–1)
0~9532.048e–5
953~3 8220
3 822~4 694-2.186e–5
4 694~6 0000
), ArticleFig(id=1236699959853117628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

氢气质量流量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/s质量流量/(kg·s–1)
0~9532.048e–5
953~3 8220
3 822~4 694-2.186e–5
4 694~6 0000
), ArticleFig(id=1236699959928615106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236699943545664146, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Hydrogen storage performance of Cu-BTC and AX-21 at different storage temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储氢温度/KCu-BTCAX-21
ma/kgpmax/MPama/kgpmax/MPa
3000.012 5212.400.011 118.97
2730.013 0910.100.011 467.57
1200.021 951.640.017 971.64
770.036 050.970.027 230.69
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不同储氢温度下Cu-BTC与AX-21储氢性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储氢温度/KCu-BTCAX-21
ma/kgpmax/MPama/kgpmax/MPa
3000.012 5212.400.011 118.97
2730.013 0910.100.011 467.57
1200.021 951.640.017 971.64
770.036 050.970.027 230.69
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金属有机架构物Cu-BTC低温吸附储氢数值模拟研究
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席肖桐 1 , 田绅 1 , 郭璐娜 1 , 陈六彪 2, 3 , 许成杨 1 , 徐伟宸 1 , 孙志利 1
热力发电 | 储氢技术 2024,53(9): 118-125
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热力发电 | 储氢技术 2024, 53(9): 118-125
金属有机架构物Cu-BTC低温吸附储氢数值模拟研究
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席肖桐1 , 田绅1, 郭璐娜1, 陈六彪2, 3, 许成杨1, 徐伟宸1, 孙志利1
作者信息
  • 1.天津市制冷技术重点实验室天津商业大学,天津 300134
  • 2.中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术重点实验室,北京 100190
  • 3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 席肖桐(1995),女,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为低温吸附传热传质特性,

Numerical simulation of hydrogen storage by adsorption on metal-organic framework Cu-BTC at low temperature
Xiaotong XI1 , Shen TIAN1, Luna GUO1, Liubiao CHEN2, 3, Chengyang XU1, Weichen XU1, Zhili SUN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Refrigeration Technology, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Cryogenic Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
出版时间: 2024-09-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405108
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物理吸附储氢具有安全性能高、储氢密度大及充放氢速率快的优势,是一种极具应用潜力的储氢方式,其中金属有机架构物(MOFs)材料凭借其高度有序的孔隙结构和可调控特性已成为理想的吸氢材料。为探究吸附储氢过程热效应对储氢性能的影响,首先建立了吸附储氢数值模型并进行验证,随后对比分析了Cu-BTC与活性炭AX-21的储氢特性,并探究不同温度下Cu-BTC的储氢能力。计算结果表明:相较于AX-21,采用Cu-BTC作为吸附剂材料,常温下储氢量提升了12.8%;将储氢温度降至77 K时,Cu-BTC储罐的最高压力降至0.97 MPa,储氢质量相较于常温300 K提升了174%。以上结论可为Cu-BTC材料储氢研究提供参考。

储氢  /  吸附储氢  /  金属有机架构物  /  Cu-BTC  /  低温吸附

Hydrogen storage by physical adsorption offers significant advantages, including high safety, high hydrogen storage density, and fast hydrogen charging and discharging rates, making it a highly promising method for hydrogen storage. Among the various materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as ideal hydrogen storage materials due to their highly ordered porous structures and tunable characteristics. To investigate the influence of thermal effects during the hydrogen adsorption process on storage performance, a numerical model of hydrogen storage by adsorption is established and validated. Subsequently, the hydrogen storage properties of Cu-BTC and activated carbon AX-21 tanks are analyzed and compared. Furthermore, the hydrogen storage capacity of Cu-BTC tank at different temperatures is explored. The results indicate that, compared with AX-21, the hydrogen storage capacity at room temperature increases by 12.8% when using Cu-BTC as adsorbent. When the storage temperature is reduced to 77 K, the maximum pressure in the Cu-BTC tank decreases to 0.97 MPa, and the hydrogen storage capacity increases by 174% compared with room temperature (300 K). These findings provide valuable insights for further research on the hydrogen storage capabilities of Cu-BTC materials.

hydrogen storage  /  hydrogen adsorption storage  /  metal-organic frameworks  /  Cu-BTC  /  low-temperature adsorption
席肖桐, 田绅, 郭璐娜, 陈六彪, 许成杨, 徐伟宸, 孙志利. 金属有机架构物Cu-BTC低温吸附储氢数值模拟研究. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (9) : 118 -125 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405108
Xiaotong XI, Shen TIAN, Luna GUO, Liubiao CHEN, Chengyang XU, Weichen XU, Zhili SUN. Numerical simulation of hydrogen storage by adsorption on metal-organic framework Cu-BTC at low temperature[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (9) : 118 -125 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405108
随着全球能源危机和环境污染问题的日益严重,高效、环保的绿色能源成为社会可持续发展的关键。氢作为一种清洁能源,具有高能量密度和零碳排放的优势[1-3]。然而,氢的高效储存与运输是阻碍氢能广泛应用的主要瓶颈[4-5]
常见的储氢方法有高压气态储氢[6-8]、液态储氢[9-11]、固态储氢(包括金属氢化物、化学氢化物和物理吸附材料等)。相较于高压气态储氢与液态储氢方式,物理吸附储氢具有安全性能高(储氢压力低)、储能密度大(大比表面积吸附剂)、可逆性强及运输便捷等优势[12-15]。吸附剂材料对吸附储氢性能有着直接影响。近年来,具有超高的比表面积、可调节的孔径和丰富的化学功能性的金属有机架构物(metal organic frameworks,MOFs),在低温条件下的氢气吸附储存性能已成为当前固体储氢研究的热点[16-20]。苯-1,3,5-三甲酸铜[Cu3(TMA)2-(H2O)3]n,也称Cu-BTC或HKUST-1,是一种典型的MOF材料。该类材料具有良好的亲水性能、多孔性和高孔容的“孔笼-孔道”骨架结构[21-22],在吸附储氢领域具有一定的应用潜力。
Letwaba等人[23]综述了MOFs的合成方法及其结构特性对氢气吸附性能的影响,结果表明在相同孔体积下,笼型MOF的孔占有率高于通道型MOF,总吸附量和孔隙体积呈正相关。Paz等人[24]以吸附势理论为基础,考虑了吸附相的部分微孔容积填充量与吸附势的函数关系,开发出一种改进的零维模型,并依据3个实验案例完成对模型的验证。结果表明,与其他常规储氢模式相比,在储氢系统中储存等量氢气的情况下,低温吸附工艺运行所需的能量与液化储氢工艺所需的能量相当。Peng等人[25]研究了翅片管吸附床的储氢性能,讨论了无量纲翅片几何配置(如无量纲翅片数、高度、宽度和长度)对吸附床层温度、氢组分和储氢量的影响;并利用机器学习构建了翅片几何参数与吸附储氢量间的关系,通过遗传算法,进一步确定了取决于吸附持续时间的最佳翅片配置,为吸附床的设计与优化提供有效参考。Yang等人[26]利用COMSOL Multiphysics软件建立了吸附储氢罐内部的传热、传质模型,对比分析了空罐和吸附罐的充氢过程,计算结果表明,在初始温度为281 K,存储压力为50 MPa条件下,吸附罐在充氢过程中具有良好的稳定性,并且储氢量比空罐提高了12.6%。此外,通过对多孔材料孔隙结构与吸附特性研究,证实提高孔隙率可有效提高存储容量,吸附材料的吸附性能对储氢能力和温度分布有显著影响。
受限于严格的实验条件要求,当前吸附储氢的研究多集中在仿真计算,通过建立动态模型,分析吸附储氢系统充放气过程的温度、压力变化,探究系统储能特性。由于不同MOF材料对氢气的吸附特性各不相同,为探究特定MOF储氢罐的热质传递参数规律,本文基于Cu-BTC材料构建相关吸附储氢模型,并对模型进行验证,随后探究Cu-BTC材料吸附特性及吸附储氢温度对储氢性能的影响,以期为吸附储氢系统吸附剂的选择提供参考。
为探究金属有机架构物Cu-BTC的吸附能力及其吸附热效应对氢气存储性能的影响规律,本文基于质量平衡、能量平衡、气体状态方程及吸附方程利用MATLAB/Simulink软件建立了吸附储罐的集中参数模型[27]
吸附储罐内氢的质量变化为:
dmtdt=m˙im˙o
式中:mt为储罐内氢的总质量;m˙im˙o分别为流入与流出储罐的质量流率。
储罐内部填充吸附剂材料,一部分氢以气态的形式存在于吸附剂颗粒的空隙间,另一部分氢则被吸附在吸附剂的孔隙内。二者的数量关系为:
mt=ma+mg
式中:ma为被吸附的氢质量;mg为空隙内的氢气质量。
在忽略氢气动能与势能的前提下,吸附储罐的能量为:
dUdt=m˙ihim˙ohoQ˙W˙+dmadtΔHMH2
U=(mtcv+mscs+mwcw)T
式中:U为整个系统的内能,包括氢、吸附剂材料和不锈钢罐体的内能;hiho为储罐进出口气体的比焓;Q˙为系统与外界交换的热量;W˙为功量;ΔH为吸附剂吸附氢气释放的等量吸附热;MH2为氢的摩尔质量;假设氢气和被吸附的氢的比热值相同,cvcscw分别为氢、吸附剂材料和不锈钢罐壁的比热容;msmw分别为吸附剂材料和不锈钢罐壁的质量。
储氢系统在充氢、放氢过程中,与外界的功量交换W˙为0,通过罐壁与外界的热量交换可由下式计算:
Q˙=hwA(TTf)
式中:为hw罐壁和外界的传热系数;A为吸附储氢罐外表面积;Tf为外界冷却介质温度。
氢气的吸附主要发生在微孔结构中。本文采用修正的Dubinin-Astakhov(D-A)模型描述Cu-BTC材料对氢气的吸附量特性:
na=nmaxexp[(RTα+βT)mlnm(p0p)]
式中:na为绝对吸附量;nmax为极限吸附量;R为理想气体常数;T为温度;α为焓因子;β为熵因子;p0为吸附温度下饱和蒸汽压;p为压力;m为与吸附剂表面特性有关的经验参数。
吸/脱附过程伴随着放热与吸热效应,吸附单位物质所释放的热量被认为是微分吸附热,也就是等量吸附热,可根据Clausius-Clapeyron方程计算获得:
ΔH=R[lnp(1/T)]na
将D-A方程式(6)带入式(7),通过数学变换可得:
ΔH=a(lnnmaxna)1m
在忽略气体体积与相互作用力的前提下,理想气体的状态方程为:
pV=nRT
压缩因子常被用来描述实际气体与理想气体的偏差。图1显示了77~300 K、0.01~20.00 MPa范围内氢气的压缩因子。从图1可见,在15 MPa以下,压缩因子处于0.95~1.12。综合考虑计算模型的简易性与准确性,本文选用理想气体状态方程描述储罐内氢气状态。
本文采用加拿大三河城魁北大学氢能研究院吸附储氢实验研究中使用的储罐尺寸。吸附储氢罐结构如图2所示。
储罐体积为2.5 L,内径和外径分别为46.9 mm和50.8 mm,罐长材质为不锈钢。具体参数见表1[28]
低温下不锈钢比热变化显著,为提高计算结果的准确性,根据NIST数据库,采用下式获得不锈钢的比热容[28]
cw=2.245 671.715 91×T+0.112 68×T20.001 06×T3+4.413 2×106×T48.741 17×109×T5+6.694 55×1012×T6
表2为吸附剂材料D-A模型参数[29],其物性参数详见表3[28]
为提高计算模型在低温区的准确性,使用下式获得Cu-BTC的比热容值[30]
cs,Cu-BTC=0.426+1.239×102×T7.279 6×105×  T2+2.427×107×T33.105×1010×T4
为验证吸附储氢模型的准确性,基于魁北大学氢能研究院开展的吸附储氢实验[28](实验20)设置储罐初始压力为0.032 08 MPa,初始温度302 K,吸附储罐外侧与常温水进行换热,换热系数为36 W/(m2·K),进出口的质量流率与实验条件保持一致,氢气质量流量见表4。氢气焓值及比热通过NIST数据库获得。本文基于以上实验参数及吸附剂材料开展模型验,进一步对Cu-BTC低温吸附储氢特性进行数值计算研究。
实验中储罐内填充0.671 kg的AX-21活性炭。图3为充/放气过程中吸附储罐内部压力变化的实验测试值与计算值。由图3可见,充气结束后压力最高可达到9 MPa。可见,模型计算结果与实验测试值具有较好的一致性。
受实验条件限制,实验中储罐内部除了压力测点外,仅布置了8个温度测点。为探究质量分布情况,肖金生等利用COMSOL建立了相关分布参数模型并进行模型验证[28]图4对比了以上分布参数模型计算的储罐内部积分平均温度与本文模型平均温度计算结果。图5为整个储罐内部氢质量分布情况。
图3图5可见,本文模型计算的压力、平均温度与氢质量参数与实验测试值和已有模型的计算值具有较好的吻合度,证实了本文集中参数模型的可靠性。
在初始温度302 K,初始压力0.032 08 MPa,储罐尺寸结构及边界条件不变的条件下,对比分析填充相同体积的AX-21活性炭与Cu-BTC材料后储氢罐内部参数的变化情况。AX-21与Cu-BTC吸附储罐压力如图6所示。由图6可见:储氢罐中的压力随着充气过程的进行显著上升,并在充气结束时达到最高值;在相同充气条件下,AX-21储氢罐内最高压力为8.97 MPa,而Cu-BTC储氢罐内最高压力为12.40 MPa,升高了约38%。其主要原因在于,相较于Cu-BTC,AX-21填充的空隙率越大,氢气占据的体积就越大,稳定压力就较小。从D-A吸附方程可知,压力升高有利于提高多孔材料对氢的吸附能力,但同时也对储罐的承压设计提出了更高的要求。
图7为2种吸附剂材料充放气过程中吸附热的变化曲线。由图7可以看出,随着吸/脱附过程的进行,吸附热的变化显著,在休眠阶段,Cu-BTC与氢气间的吸附热约为6 000 kJ/mol,而AX-21与氢气间的吸附热约为4 500 kJ/mol。相较于AX-21,Cu-BTC与氢气间的吸附热更大,表明Cu-BTC与氢分子的相互作用力越强。
图8对比了2种储氢罐内部的温度变化情况。由图8可见,相较于AX-21储氢罐,填充了Cu-BTC材料的储氢罐内温度波动幅度更大。在充气吸附过程中,Cu-BTC最高温度为313.8 K,AX-21储氢罐的最高温度为311.3 K,二者相差2.5 K。在放气脱附过程中,Cu-BTC储氢罐的最低温度比AX-21储氢罐的最低温度低3.2 K。其原因除了上述提到的吸附热效应显著外,Cu-BTC材料的比热容也小于AX-21。
吸附过程温度较高或脱附过程温度较低不利于氢的存储与释放。因此,针对Cu-BTC材料,要提高系统的传热性能,需及时将吸附热移出,保证储罐的储氢与释氢效率。
图9为相同体积下AX-21与Cu-BTC储罐内部的总储氢量,即储罐内被吸附的氢质量。
图9可见,在相同进气量下,相同体积Cu-BTC储罐内吸附的氢气更多,充气结束后的最大吸附量为0.012 52 kg,相较于AX-21储罐(吸附氢气质量为0.011 10 kg),储氢质量提升了12.8%。
通过以上分析可知,使用Cu-BTC材料作为吸附剂储氢质量的优势显著,但储罐内部压力升高,内部温度波动也较大,影响储氢速率。降低储氢温度不仅可进一步增大储氢质量,也是解决上述问题的主要手段。
基于常用换热介质冰水、液化天然气(LNG)与液氮温度,探究在存储温度273、120、77 K下Cu-BTC储氢罐的性能。图10对比了不同的低温存储条件下,Cu-BTC储氢罐内的压力变化。由图10可见,当储氢温度从300 K降低至77 K,储罐内部最大的压力从12.40 MPa降至0.97 MPa,温度120 K下的压力也仅1.60 MPa。相同氢气质量下,降低温度可减少储罐内氢气的压力,并且低温有利于提高Cu-BTC对氢气的吸附量,减少储罐空隙内的氢气质量,因此降低存储温度可显著降低存储压力,提高储氢罐的安全性。
图11为不同储氢温度下,Cu-BTC与氢气间的吸附热变化情况。整体来看,相较于冰点温度与常温,储氢温度120 K及77 K下吸附储氢释放的吸附热较少,原因在于低温下,二者间相互作用力变弱。
图12为不同储氢温度下,充气阶段储罐内温度波动的最大值。由图12可见,随着存储温度的升高,Cu-BTC储罐内温度波动幅值无明显规律。在储氢温度273 K下,最大温升最低,约为8 K,而在储氢温度77 K下,最大温升高达13 K。其主要原因在于,虽然吸附热随着储氢温度的降低而降低,但是吸附热源项中还需考虑吸附速率(图13中低温下的吸附速率大于冰温和常温),并且Cu-BTC、氢气以及储罐的比热容均随着温度的下降而减小。
图13为不同储氢温度下Cu-BTC储罐内净吸附氢质量(总吸附量与初始吸附量之差)的变化曲线。由图13可见,在120 K及77 K储氢温度下,储罐吸附氢质量变化速率提高,整个吸附储罐可以吸附更多的氢气,并且二者相差不大,其净吸附量约为300 K条件下的1.5倍。
表5为不同储氢温度下,Cu-BTC与AX-21储氢罐的储氢量与压力数值。由表5可见:相较于常温吸附存储,Cu-BTC储罐在77 K下储氢量增加了174%,储罐压力降低了92.1%,AX-21储罐的储氢量提升了145%,压力降低了92.3%,储氢性能得到明显提升;并且相同条件下,Cu-BTC储氢罐的储氢量较大,而AX-21储氢罐在低压存储方面具有一定优势。
为探究Cu-BTC低温吸附储氢特性,构建吸附储罐的集中参数模型,计算分析Cu-BTC材料与活性炭AX-21的储氢特性,并探究不同温度下Cu-BTC的储氢能力,研究结果如下。
1)在相同常温吸附条件下,Cu-BTC储氢罐内部的最高压力为12.4 MPa,相较于AX-21储罐提高了38%。Cu-BTC储氢罐在吸附量方面具有优势,常温下的氢气吸附量比AX-21储罐提高了12.8%。
2)相同条件下,降低吸附储氢温度可显著降低储罐内部压力,提高总储氢量。当Cu-BTC储罐的储氢温度从300 K降至77 K时,储罐内部压力从12.40 MPa降至0.97 MPa,整个储罐的储氢量从0.012 52 kg增至0.036 05 kg。当AX-21储罐的温度从300 K降至77 K,内部压力从8.97 MPa降低至0.69 MPa,储罐的储氢量从0.011 11 kg增至0.027 23 kg。
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405108
  • 接收时间:2024-05-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2024-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-22
基金
Science and Technology Assistance and Promotion Major Project of Tianjin Science and Technology Bureau(22ZYCGSN00030)
天津市科学技术局科技帮扶提升重大工程项目(22ZYCGSN00030)
作者信息
    1.天津市制冷技术重点实验室天津商业大学,天津 300134
    2.中国科学院理化技术研究所低温科学与技术重点实验室,北京 100190
    3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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