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In order to study the effects of different drying conditions on crushing rate and pulverization rate of Baoqing lignite after drying, as well as the effects of different drying moistures on spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of the coal samples, several experiments were conducted, like the drying of raw coal, and the spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of coal samples with different moisture contents. The results show that, a drying furnace temperature above 300 ℃ and a higher heating terminal temperature can achieve a higher coal sample dehydration rate. Coal particles with smaller particle sizes tend to achieve higher dehydration rates and lower crushing rates. The pulverization rate of 6~13 mm coal particles is the highest under different drying conditions. Baoqing raw coal is a type of coal that is prone to spontaneous combustion. As the moisture content of the dried coal sample decreases, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the raw coal weakens and becomes a type of coal with moderate spontaneous combustion tendency. As the moisture content of the coal sample increases, the explosion tendency of the test coal sample decreases. As the fineness of coal powder R90 increases, the explosion tendency of coal powder decreases. Therefore, in the engineering application process of Baoqing lignite drying technology, the proportion of 6~13 mm coal particles should be reduced to lower the pulverization rate during the drying process. The air temperature during coal powder transportation should be appropriately reduced, or the fineness of coal powder should be appropriately increased to reduce the tendency for explosion.

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为研究不同干燥条件对宝清褐煤干燥后破碎率和粉化率的影响,以及不同干燥水分对煤样自燃和爆炸特性的影响,开展了原煤烘干试验、不同水分煤样的自燃特性及爆炸特性试验。结果表明:烘干炉炉温300 ℃以上及较高的加热终端温度,可以获得较高的煤样脱水率;粒径较小的煤粒易获得较高的脱水率及较低的破碎率;粒径6~13 mm煤粒的粉化率在不同干燥条件下都是最大的;宝清原煤为易自燃煤种,随着干燥后煤样水分的降低,原煤的自燃倾向减弱,变为中等自燃倾向煤种;试验煤样随着煤样水分的升高,爆炸倾向减弱;随着煤粉细度R90的增大,煤粉的爆炸倾向降低。因此在宝清褐煤干燥技术的工程应用过程中,应减少粒径6~13 mm煤粒的占比,以降低干燥过程中的粉化率;应适当降低煤粉输送过程中的风温,或适当增大煤粉细度,以降低爆炸倾向。

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郭前鑫(1970),男,高级工程师,从事电力技术开发和管理工作,

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郭前鑫(1970),男,高级工程师,从事电力技术开发和管理工作,

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郭前鑫(1970),男,高级工程师,从事电力技术开发和管理工作,

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figureFileSmall=qnkqwc86a8w+x2MWb3hu7A==, figureFileBig=CcVmpRSTO7tkrbfvWGYQ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707913520181705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=CN, label=图10, caption=煤粉爆炸下限热量浓度随煤样水分的变化, figureFileSmall=qnkqwc86a8w+x2MWb3hu7A==, figureFileBig=CcVmpRSTO7tkrbfvWGYQ3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707913629233613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Classification of spontaneous combustion tendency

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自燃倾向判别等级耗氧速率δ/(%·min–1)
<0.5
0.5~1.5
>1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236707913746674129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

自燃倾向判别等级

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
自燃倾向判别等级耗氧速率δ/(%·min–1)
<0.5
0.5~1.5
>1.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236707913851531733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main coal quality parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
全水分wt(M)/%32.8
空气干燥基水分wad(M)/%11.74
收到基灰分war(A)/%19.06
干燥基挥发分wd(V)/%41.22
收到基碳war(C)/%34.70
收到基氢war(H)/%2.76
收到基氮war(N)/%0.43
全硫wt,ar(S)/%0.28
收到基高位发热量Qgr,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)13.98
收到基低位发热量Qnet,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)12.67
), ArticleFig(id=1236707915382452700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

煤样主要煤质参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
全水分wt(M)/%32.8
空气干燥基水分wad(M)/%11.74
收到基灰分war(A)/%19.06
干燥基挥发分wd(V)/%41.22
收到基碳war(C)/%34.70
收到基氢war(H)/%2.76
收到基氮war(N)/%0.43
全硫wt,ar(S)/%0.28
收到基高位发热量Qgr,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)13.98
收到基低位发热量Qnet,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)12.67
), ArticleFig(id=1236707915504087522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Summary of spontaneous combustion test results

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煤样t1φO2(t1)t2φO2(t2)δ自燃倾向判别
水分33%11619.21244.51.84
水分26%10619.01191.61.34
水分20%8719.81042.11.04
水分13%7119.2794.51.06
), ArticleFig(id=1236707915600556519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验煤样自燃试验结果汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤样t1φO2(t1)t2φO2(t2)δ自燃倾向判别
水分33%11619.21244.51.84
水分26%10619.01191.61.34
水分20%8719.81042.11.04
水分13%7119.2794.51.06
), ArticleFig(id=1236707915701219817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Summary of explosion test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤样名称煤粉及爆炸罐温度/℃煤粉细度R90/%煤粉
质量/g
爆炸罐
初始压力/kPa
储气罐
压力/kPa
爆炸后
压力/kPa
爆炸后
温度/℃
煤粉爆炸下限
热量浓度/(MJ·m-3)
煤粉爆炸下限
质量浓度/(kg·m-3)
水分13%5025501801802003.960.25
602540180501333.170.20
7025401801762123.170.20
8025301801152022.380.15
水分20%502550180501503.640.25
6025501801301603.640.25
6015501801802233.640.25
6035601802052204.370.30
702540180271312.910.20
8025301801351952.180.15
水分26%5025601801902004.090.30
6025601801902004.090.30
7025401801421802.720.20
802530180941602.040.15
水分33%5025601801802203.800.30
6015601801602003.800.30
602550180601603.170.25
6035501801601803.170.25
7025401801501702.530.20
802530180831511.900.15
), ArticleFig(id=1236707915818660333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697123345985993, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验煤样的爆炸试验结果汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤样名称煤粉及爆炸罐温度/℃煤粉细度R90/%煤粉
质量/g
爆炸罐
初始压力/kPa
储气罐
压力/kPa
爆炸后
压力/kPa
爆炸后
温度/℃
煤粉爆炸下限
热量浓度/(MJ·m-3)
煤粉爆炸下限
质量浓度/(kg·m-3)
水分13%5025501801802003.960.25
602540180501333.170.20
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干燥对褐煤破碎自燃爆炸等特性的影响研究
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郭前鑫 1 , 杜佳军 1 , 罗晟 2 , 曹忠友 1 , 魏明波 2 , 刘润民 3 , 白杨 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025,54(4): 172-178
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025, 54(4): 172-178
干燥对褐煤破碎自燃爆炸等特性的影响研究
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郭前鑫1 , 杜佳军1, 罗晟2, 曹忠友1, 魏明波2, 刘润民3, 白杨2
作者信息
  • 1.神华神东电力有限责任公司,陕西 西安 710076
  • 2.国能宝清煤电有限公司,黑龙江 双鸭山 155600
  • 3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 郭前鑫(1970),男,高级工程师,从事电力技术开发和管理工作,

Effects of drying on crushing, spontaneous combustion, and explosion characteristics of lignite
Qianxin GUO1 , Jiajun DU1, Sheng LUO2, Zhongyou CAO1, Mingbo WEI2, Runmin LIU3, Yang BAI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shenhua Shendong Electric Power Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710076, China
  • 2.Guoneng Baoqing Coal and Electric Chemical Co., Ltd., Shuangyashan 155600, China
  • 3.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202410215
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为研究不同干燥条件对宝清褐煤干燥后破碎率和粉化率的影响,以及不同干燥水分对煤样自燃和爆炸特性的影响,开展了原煤烘干试验、不同水分煤样的自燃特性及爆炸特性试验。结果表明:烘干炉炉温300 ℃以上及较高的加热终端温度,可以获得较高的煤样脱水率;粒径较小的煤粒易获得较高的脱水率及较低的破碎率;粒径6~13 mm煤粒的粉化率在不同干燥条件下都是最大的;宝清原煤为易自燃煤种,随着干燥后煤样水分的降低,原煤的自燃倾向减弱,变为中等自燃倾向煤种;试验煤样随着煤样水分的升高,爆炸倾向减弱;随着煤粉细度R90的增大,煤粉的爆炸倾向降低。因此在宝清褐煤干燥技术的工程应用过程中,应减少粒径6~13 mm煤粒的占比,以降低干燥过程中的粉化率;应适当降低煤粉输送过程中的风温,或适当增大煤粉细度,以降低爆炸倾向。

褐煤  /  干燥  /  破碎粉化  /  自燃倾向  /  爆炸倾向

In order to study the effects of different drying conditions on crushing rate and pulverization rate of Baoqing lignite after drying, as well as the effects of different drying moistures on spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of the coal samples, several experiments were conducted, like the drying of raw coal, and the spontaneous combustion and explosion characteristics of coal samples with different moisture contents. The results show that, a drying furnace temperature above 300 ℃ and a higher heating terminal temperature can achieve a higher coal sample dehydration rate. Coal particles with smaller particle sizes tend to achieve higher dehydration rates and lower crushing rates. The pulverization rate of 6~13 mm coal particles is the highest under different drying conditions. Baoqing raw coal is a type of coal that is prone to spontaneous combustion. As the moisture content of the dried coal sample decreases, the spontaneous combustion tendency of the raw coal weakens and becomes a type of coal with moderate spontaneous combustion tendency. As the moisture content of the coal sample increases, the explosion tendency of the test coal sample decreases. As the fineness of coal powder R90 increases, the explosion tendency of coal powder decreases. Therefore, in the engineering application process of Baoqing lignite drying technology, the proportion of 6~13 mm coal particles should be reduced to lower the pulverization rate during the drying process. The air temperature during coal powder transportation should be appropriately reduced, or the fineness of coal powder should be appropriately increased to reduce the tendency for explosion.

lignite  /  dry  /  crushing and pulverization  /  spontaneous combustion tendency  /  explosive tendency
郭前鑫, 杜佳军, 罗晟, 曹忠友, 魏明波, 刘润民, 白杨. 干燥对褐煤破碎自燃爆炸等特性的影响研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (4) : 172 -178 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202410215
Qianxin GUO, Jiajun DU, Sheng LUO, Zhongyou CAO, Mingbo WEI, Runmin LIU, Yang BAI. Effects of drying on crushing, spontaneous combustion, and explosion characteristics of lignite[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (4) : 172 -178 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202410215
我国褐煤资源丰富[1]。但由于褐煤水分高、热值低等原因,褐煤锅炉效率低、运行成本高、可靠性差。褐煤干燥提质技术通过对入炉煤进行预干燥,降低入炉煤水分、提高热值。有助于解决褐煤锅炉机组存在的燃烧、结渣等一系列问题,提高锅炉效率[2-6]。另外褐煤干燥提质后,还可以降低外运成本,提高经济效益。
褐煤干燥提质技术在德国、美国、澳大利亚等褐煤丰富的国家有多年的理论研究和应用实践[7]。我国的褐煤干燥系统、干燥褐煤高效发电系统设计和工程化应用尚处于起步阶段,需开展更深层次的研究[8-20]。近年来,张博等[8]总结了高含水低品质煤干燥脱水提质技术进展。秦谊等[11]对褐煤干燥利用中的煤干燥特性进行了研究。Liu等人[15]对伊敏褐煤在不同温度下的干燥特性及过程动力学进行了分析。Song等人[16]对褐煤粗颗粒在固定床中的干燥动力学进行了研究。董琨等[20]研究了低温烘焙提质对褐煤着火燃烧特性的影响。
褐煤干燥后,原煤粒度、自燃特性、爆炸趋势等都较干燥前有所不同[21-25]。本文对宝清褐煤干燥前后的破碎、自燃以及爆炸特性进行试验对比,结论可为现役设备改烧宝清干燥褐煤可行性评估提供依据。
为探究褐煤干燥后破碎及粉化的影响因素,制作了简易干燥装置,具体如图1所示。
干燥盒对角线上布置3只热电偶监控煤层温度。将煤样筛分后,取1~3 mm、3~6 mm、6~13 mm、13~25 mm 4个粒度等级。每次取一个粒度等级的等量煤样,放置于干燥盒内,在马弗炉中等温加热到不同干燥终温,取出并筛分,得到破碎率和粉化率。
试验设置不同的加热炉温度(200、300、400 ℃),分析升温速率对破碎率和粉化率的影响,分别设置煤层干燥终端温度(终温)为70、80、90、100、110 ℃,研究干燥终温对破碎率和粉化率的影响。破碎率为干燥后破碎产物(粒径小于原煤最小粒径)占总产物的百分比;粉化率为干燥后粒径小于1 mm的产物占总产物的百分比。
图2为原煤自燃试验装置示意。该装置通过模拟原煤堆积状态下,煤堆温度逐渐升高,达到临界点时,原煤的耗氧量迅速上升,确定原煤的自燃温度。
定义自燃倾向指数:
δ=(φO2(t1)φO2(t2))/(t2t1)
式中:φO2(t1)为氧量降低速率超过0.1%/min,并持续降低时的氧量,%;φO2(t2)为最终稳定氧量,%;t1为氧量开始迅速降低时刻;t2为氧量最终稳定时刻。
自燃倾向判别等级见表1
图3为煤粉/空气混合物爆炸试验台示意。通过调节煤粉/空气混合物温度、质量浓度、氧体积分数、煤粉细度等,模拟不同制粉系统出口风粉混合物的状态。点火能量在5~30 J内可调,试验可测试温度、压力的瞬时变化,确定爆炸强度。
用一定体积和压力的压缩空气将一定质量的煤粉样品送入20 L的爆炸罐中,同时点火源放电打火。通过改变进入爆炸罐煤粉的质量,可以测出点燃爆炸的最低煤粉质量浓度,即煤粉爆炸下限质量浓度。
试验煤样的原煤煤质检测数据见表2。试验首先用马弗炉在不同炉温和加热终端温度条件下对原煤进行烘干,获得煤样不同烘干条件下的失水率、破碎率及粉化率。对33%(原煤)、26%、20%、13% 4种水分的煤样进行自燃和爆炸试验,获得水分、细度等因素对自燃和爆炸的影响规律。
图4为炉温200 ℃时各种粒径煤粒的失水率。由图4可知:随着干燥终端温度的升高,各粒径煤粒的失水率逐渐增大;在较高的干燥终端温度下,粒径对失水率的影响显著,大颗粒由于比表面积小,失水率低。炉温300、400 ℃时,由于加热强度增加,粒径对失水率的影响并不明显。
图5为粒径6~13 mm、13~25 mm的大粒径煤粒在不同炉温下的失水率。由图5可知:在较低的干燥终端温度下,失水率随炉温的变化不明显;在较高的干燥终温条件下,失水率随炉温的变化差异大;炉温400 ℃相比炉温300 ℃,升温速度更快,加热到达干燥终端温度的时间更短,大颗粒内部的水分来不及蒸发,因此失水率反而低于炉温300 ℃时的失水率。
图6为炉温300、400 ℃时不同粒径煤粒的破碎率。由图6可知:随着干燥终温的升高,破碎率逐渐增加;在较高的干燥终温下,破碎率随粒径的增大而显著增大。
图7为炉温200、400 ℃时不同粒径煤粒的粉化率。由图7可知,随着干燥终温的升高,粉化率逐渐增加。粒径对粉化率的影响除了与升温速率、加热终温等外在因素有关,还与颗粒本身的物理属性有关。较小粒径的煤颗粒,温度较易传导至颗粒核心,颗粒整体的温度均匀性好,热应力小,粉化率较小;随着颗粒粒径的增大,颗粒外层温度与颗粒核心的温度差也越来越大,颗粒的热应力及粉化率增大。但颗粒粒径过大时,颗粒核心区域存在受外界传热影响小的低温内核,继续增加粒径,低温内核的区域也逐渐增加。低温内核区域热应力及粉化率小,随着粒径的增加,颗粒的整体粉化率降低。对于宝清褐煤而言,粒径6~13 mm的煤粒在2种炉温下粉化率都是最大的。因此原煤烘干时,应减少6~13 mm煤粒的占比,以降低粉化率。
图8为4种不同水分试验煤样的自燃特性试验曲线。表3为根据图8计算得出的试验煤样的耗氧速率以及对自燃等级的判别。可见随着干燥后煤样水分的降低,原煤的自燃倾向减弱。原因是:煤中一定量的水分促使煤中的各种反应进行,如硫分的酸化等,产生的热量又加快了氧化反应过程,因此加剧了煤的自燃。
爆炸试验条件为:煤样为空干基状态,温度为50、60、70、80 ℃,储气罐压力为180 kPa,点火能量18 J,煤粉细度R90=15%、25%、35%。表4列出了宝清褐煤煤样的爆炸试验结果。
图9为试验煤样在R90=25%时,不同温度下的煤粉爆炸下限质量浓度的比较。由图9可知,随着温度的升高,煤粉爆炸下限质量浓度降低,煤粉爆炸倾向增强。
图10为试验煤样在R90=25%时,不同水分下的煤粉爆炸下限热量浓度的比较。由图10可知,随着煤样水分的升高,煤粉爆炸下限热量浓度升高,煤粉爆炸倾向减弱。
随着煤粉细度R90的增大,煤粉比表面积减小,煤粉的爆炸倾向降低。
炉温300 ℃及较高的加热终端温度,可以获得较高的宝清褐煤脱水率;粒径较小的煤粒易获得较高的脱水率及较低的破碎率;原煤烘干时,应减少粒径6~13 mm煤粒的占比,以降低粉化率。
宝清褐煤原煤为易自燃煤种,干燥后煤样水分降低,原煤的自燃倾向减弱,变为中等自燃倾向煤种。这主要是因为煤中一定量的水分促使煤中发生各种反应,产生的热量又加快了氧化反应过程,因此加剧了煤的自燃。
随着试验煤样水分的升高,其爆炸倾向减弱;随着风粉温度的升高,其爆炸倾向增强;随着煤粉细度R90的增大,煤粉的爆炸倾向降低。宝清褐煤原煤干燥后,由于水分降低,爆炸倾向增加。可适当降低煤粉输送过程中的风温,或适当增大煤粉细度,以降低爆炸倾向。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005704)
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202410215
  • 接收时间:2024-10-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-15
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National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB4005704)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005704)
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    1.神华神东电力有限责任公司,陕西 西安 710076
    2.国能宝清煤电有限公司,黑龙江 双鸭山 155600
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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