Article(id=1236697120707768735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236697118983909778, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1722700800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772781170298, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772781170298, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772781170298, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772781170298, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236697118983909778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='185', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772781169887, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772781423241, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236698181698900007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236697118983909778, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236698181698900008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236697118983909778, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236697120959426981, articleId=1236697120707768735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Analysis on evaluation indicators of slagging in boilers co-firing coal with biomass, columnId=1213164439017276071, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on new energy power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The power generation by co-firing of coal and biomass is the most economical and efficient technology for existing coal-fired power plants to achieve CO2 emission reduction and large-scale efficient utilization of biomass. However, due to the significant alkali metal content in biomass, serious issues such as ash deposits, slagging, and corrosion arise during co-firing of coal and biomass, posing substantial threats to safe and economically viable operation of boiler equipment. Comparative analysis on slagging characteristics of heating surfaces in coal-fired boilers, biomass-fired boilers, and co-firing boilers of coal and biomass are conducted, with their influencing factors investigated. The slagging characteristic evaluating indicators for boilers firing different fuels and co-firing boilers are comprehensively discussed and evaluated. Furthermore, the applicability of these slagging evaluation indicators in specific boiler equipment is assessed. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the ash components in the fuel determine the physical and chemical properties of ash residues. The ash fusion characteristics reflect the tendency and temperature of solid-liquid transformation of ash residues, whereas ash viscosity relates to ash flowability and its propensity to deposit as slag on heating surfaces. A comprehensive consideration of these aspects enables a more accurate evaluation of boiler heating surface slagging characteristics.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bo LIANG, Yongzheng WANG, Yanjie LIANG, Jisen LIU, Shengli NIU, Kuihua HAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236697123710890465, articleId=1236697120707768735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣评价指标分析, columnId=1213164439180853930, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=新能源发电技术专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

煤与生物质混燃发电是现有燃煤电厂实现CO2减排及生物质大规模高效利用的最经济最有效的技术。但由于生物质中含有大量的碱金属成分,在煤与生物质混燃过程中会产生严重的积灰、结渣、腐蚀问题,严重威胁锅炉设备的安全经济运行。分别针对燃煤锅炉、燃用生物质锅炉及煤与生物质混燃锅炉的受热面结渣特性及其影响因素进行了对比分析,对燃用不同燃料锅炉及混燃锅炉结渣特性评价指标进行了综合论述,并进一步评估了这些结渣评价指标在具体锅炉设备中的适用性。综合分析表明:燃料中的灰成分决定了灰渣的物理化学性质,灰熔融特性反映了灰渣的固液转变倾向和温度,而灰黏度则关系到灰的流动性和能否在受热面沉积结渣,从这3个方面综合考虑可以更准确地评价锅炉受热面结渣特性。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王永征(1967),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=vDR8+9DoaMDF9XDSzUVLyg==, magXml=AZJRP9JmyXjY4Q5YXhkaEQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=KLkhycz7CJUibFZhEcGAZQ==, pdfFileSize=1364970, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=0egftd89L+hQ5rLUZ9s9eA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=vFYN5EA0GUgvqzawdcHGnw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

梁波(2001),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,

, authorsList=梁波, 王永征, 梁艳杰, 刘济森, 牛胜利, 韩奎华)}, authors=[Author(id=1236707894524179193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=liang2019bo@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894637425413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707894524179193, language=EN, stringName=Bo LIANG, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894725505800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707894524179193, language=CN, stringName=梁波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061, bio={"content":"

梁波(2001),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

梁波(2001),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])]), Author(id=1236707894809391884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=sddxwyz@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894926832403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707894809391884, language=EN, stringName=Yongzheng WANG, firstName=Yongzheng, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895019107096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707894809391884, language=CN, stringName=王永征, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])]), Author(id=1236707895119770395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895224628004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707895119770395, language=EN, stringName=Yanjie LIANG, firstName=Yanjie, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895304319787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707895119770395, language=CN, stringName=梁艳杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])]), Author(id=1236707895396594482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895497257785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707895396594482, language=EN, stringName=Jisen LIU, firstName=Jisen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895593726784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707895396594482, language=CN, stringName=刘济森, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])]), Author(id=1236707895711167306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895824413522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707895711167306, language=EN, stringName=Shengli NIU, firstName=Shengli, middleName=null, lastName=NIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895937659738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707895711167306, language=CN, stringName=牛胜利, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])]), Author(id=1236707896042517345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707897481163624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707896042517345, language=EN, stringName=Kuihua HAN, firstName=Kuihua, middleName=null, lastName=HAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707897619575662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, authorId=1236707896042517345, language=CN, stringName=韩奎华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236707897871233916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=biomass), Keyword(id=1236707898001257350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=alkali metal), Keyword(id=1236707898131280782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=slagging evaluating indicator), Keyword(id=1236707898236138390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=ash fusion characteristics), Keyword(id=1236707898336801693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=viscosity), Keyword(id=1236707898454242214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=生物质), Keyword(id=1236707898559099826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=碱金属), Keyword(id=1236707898655568827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=结渣评价指标), Keyword(id=1236707898781397957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=灰熔融特性), Keyword(id=1236707898898838474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=黏度)], refs=[Reference(id=1236707902887620723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=59, issue=15, pageStart=7033, pageEnd=7045, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=GABRIELLI P, GAZZANI M, MAZZOTTI M, journalName=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GABRIELLI P, GAZZANI M, MAZZOTTI M. The role of carbon capture and utilization, carbon capture and storage, and biomass to enable a Net-Zero-CO2 emissions chemical industry[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2020, 59(15): 7033-7045., articleTitle=The role of carbon capture and utilization, carbon capture and storage, and biomass to enable a Net-Zero-CO2 emissions chemical industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902988284026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=中商情报网, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中商情报网. 2023年度中国生物质发电市场现状及结构占比情况分析[EB/OL]. (2024-05-08) [2024-08-28]. https://m.askci.com/news/chanye/20240508/095134271513309372464488.shtml., articleTitle=2023年度中国生物质发电市场现状及结构占比情况分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903072170115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=ASKCI Consulting Co., Ltd., journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ASKCI Consulting Co., Ltd. Analysis of the status quo and structural proportions of the Chinese biomass power generation market in 2023[EB/OL]. (2024-05-08) [2024-08-28]. https://m.askci.com/news/chanye/20240508/095134271513309372464488.shtml., articleTitle=Analysis of the status quo and structural proportions of the Chinese biomass power generation market in 2023, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903156056204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=158, issue=null, pageStart=330, pageEnd=350, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=VASSILEV S V, VASSILEVA C G, VASSILEV V S, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VASSILEV S V, VASSILEVA C G, VASSILEV V S. Advantages and disadvantages of composition and properties of biomass in comparison with coal: an overview[J]. Fuel, 2015, 158: 330-350., articleTitle=Advantages and disadvantages of composition and properties of biomass in comparison with coal: an overview, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903248330902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=5, pageStart=44, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=蒋奕锋, 王锋, 薛文华, journalName=能源科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋奕锋, 王锋, 薛文华, 等. 生物质与煤混燃特性研究[J]. 能源科技, 2022, 20(5): 44-48., articleTitle=生物质与煤混燃特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903357382813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=20, issue=5, pageStart=44, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=5, authorNames=JIANG Yifeng, WANG Feng, XUE Wenhua, journalName=Shenhua Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Yifeng, WANG Feng, XUE Wenhua, et al. Study on co-combustion characteristics of biomass and coal[J]. Shenhua Science and Technology, 2022, 20(5): 44-48., articleTitle=Study on co-combustion characteristics of biomass and coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903466434727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=279, pageEnd=287, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=周巍, 王浩帆, 熊晟熙, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周巍, 王浩帆, 熊晟熙, 等. 煤与生物质耦合燃烧的协同效应[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(2): 279-287., articleTitle=煤与生物质耦合燃烧的协同效应, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903600652467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=279, pageEnd=287, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHOU Wei, WANG Haofan, XIONG Shengxi, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Wei, WANG Haofan, XIONG Shengxi, et al. Synergistic effects of co-combustion of coal and biomass[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(2): 279-287., articleTitle=Synergistic effects of co-combustion of coal and biomass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903701315769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=87, issue=10, pageStart=927, pageEnd=934, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=8, authorNames=HUANG Y, MCILVEEN-WRIGHT D, REZVANI S, journalName=Fuel Processing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Y, MCILVEEN-WRIGHT D, REZVANI S, et al. Biomass co-firing in a pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power plant: A techno-environmental assessment based on computational simulations[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2006, 87(10): 927-934., articleTitle=Biomass co-firing in a pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power plant: A techno-environmental assessment based on computational simulations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903835533504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=13, issue=3, pageStart=357, pageEnd=357, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=JOZEF V, HANA O, MAREK V, journalName=Minerals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JOZEF V, HANA O, MAREK V, et al. The corrosion effect of fly ash from biomass combustion on and alusite refractory materials[J]. Minerals, 2023, 13(3): 357-357., articleTitle=The corrosion effect of fly ash from biomass combustion on and alusite refractory materials, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903973945543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王越明, 刘慧敏, 仇兴雷, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王越明, 刘慧敏, 仇兴雷, 等. 富氧燃烧颗粒物生成和灰沉积特性研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2021, 27(2): 17-30., articleTitle=富氧燃烧颗粒物生成和灰沉积特性研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904108163283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=2, pageStart=17, pageEnd=30, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=WANG Yueming, LIU Huimin, QIU Xinglei, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yueming, LIU Huimin, QIU Xinglei, et al. Research progress on the characteristic of particulate matter formation and ash deposition in oxy-fuel combustion[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2021, 27(2): 17-30., articleTitle=Research progress on the characteristic of particulate matter formation and ash deposition in oxy-fuel combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904204632279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=135, pageEnd=137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=王行铎, 凌勇, journalName=中国战略新兴产业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王行铎, 凌勇. 燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术分析[J]. 中国战略新兴产业, 2024(14): 135-137., articleTitle=燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904305295581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=null, issue=14, pageStart=135, pageEnd=137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=WANG Xingduo, LING Yong, journalName=China Strategic Emerging Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xingduo, LING Yong. Analysis of biomass power generation technology coupled with coal-fired power units [J]. China Strategic Emerging Industry, 2024 (14): 135-137., articleTitle=Analysis of biomass power generation technology coupled with coal-fired power units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904414347493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=8, pageStart=1007, pageEnd=1012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=杨卧龙, 倪煜, 曹泷, journalName=可再生能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨卧龙, 倪煜, 曹泷. 生物质直接混烧技术在燃煤电站的应用研究进展[J]. 可再生能源, 2021, 39(8): 1007-1012., articleTitle=生物质直接混烧技术在燃煤电站的应用研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904624062703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=8, pageStart=1007, pageEnd=1012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=YANG Wolong, NI Yu, CAO Long, journalName=Renewable Energy Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Wolong, NI Yu, CAO Long. Progress of biomass direct co-firing for coal-fired boilers[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2021, 39(8): 1007-1012., articleTitle=Progress of biomass direct co-firing for coal-fired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904787640569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=501, pageEnd=506, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=高金锴, 佟瑶, 王树才, journalName=可再生能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高金锴, 佟瑶, 王树才, 等. 生物质燃煤耦合发电技术应用现状及未来趋势[J]. 可再生能源, 2019, 37(4): 501-506., articleTitle=生物质燃煤耦合发电技术应用现状及未来趋势, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904879915262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=501, pageEnd=506, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=GAO Jinkai, TONG Yao, WANG Shucai, journalName=Renewable Energy Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Jinkai, TONG Yao, WANG Shucai, et al. The current situation and future development tendency of biomass-coal coupling power generation system[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2019, 37(4): 501-506., articleTitle=The current situation and future development tendency of biomass-coal coupling power generation system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906415030537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=426, issue=10, pageStart=139119.1, pageEnd=139119.14, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=MO W Y, DU K, SUN Y, journalName=Journal of Cleaner Production, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MO W Y, DU K, SUN Y, et al. Technical-economic-environmental analysis of biomass direct and indirect co-firing in pulverized coal boiler in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 426(10): 139119.1-139119.14., articleTitle=Technical-economic-environmental analysis of biomass direct and indirect co-firing in pulverized coal boiler in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906507305232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=1388, pageEnd=1395, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=姚锡文, 刘清华, 齐鹏远, journalName=安全与环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚锡文, 刘清华, 齐鹏远, 等. 碱金属迁移转化对生物质灰沾污结渣的影响研究进展[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2024, 24(4): 1388-1395., articleTitle=碱金属迁移转化对生物质灰沾污结渣的影响研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906628940054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=4, pageStart=1388, pageEnd=1395, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=YAO Xiwen, LIU Qinghua, QI Pengyuan, journalName=Journal of Safety and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO Xiwen, LIU Qinghua, QI Pengyuan, et al. Research progress of the influence of alkali metal migration and transformation on biomass ash fouling and slagging[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2024, 24(4): 1388-1395., articleTitle=Research progress of the influence of alkali metal migration and transformation on biomass ash fouling and slagging, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906721214751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=333, pageEnd=336, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=李琦芬, 任建兴, 潘卫国, journalName=上海电力学院学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李琦芬, 任建兴, 潘卫国, 等. 秸秆类生物质燃烧结渣与沉积倾向分析[J]. 上海电力学院学报, 2007(4): 333-336., articleTitle=秸秆类生物质燃烧结渣与沉积倾向分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906817683750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=333, pageEnd=336, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LI Qifen, REN Jianxing, PAN Weiguo, journalName=Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Qifen, REN Jianxing, PAN Weiguo, et al. Tendency of straw biomass burning slags and deposits[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2007(4): 333-336., articleTitle=Tendency of straw biomass burning slags and deposits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906922541357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=54, issue=3, pageStart=10, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=王赫, 赵斌, 王琪霖, journalName=锅炉技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王赫, 赵斌, 王琪霖, 等. 超临界煤粉锅炉炉膛出口受热面结渣特性分析[J]. 锅炉技术, 2023, 54(3): 10-15., articleTitle=超临界煤粉锅炉炉膛出口受热面结渣特性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907048370485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=54, issue=3, pageStart=10, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=24, authorNames=WANG He, ZHAO Bin, WANG Qilin, journalName=Boiler Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG He, ZHAO Bin, WANG Qilin, et al. Analysis on slagging characteristic of heating surfaces at furnace outlet of supercritical pulverized coal-fired boiler[J]. Boiler Technology, 2023, 54(3): 10-15., articleTitle=Analysis on slagging characteristic of heating surfaces at furnace outlet of supercritical pulverized coal-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907316805946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=91, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=符慧林, 蔡正春, 周育才, journalName=电力科学与技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=符慧林, 蔡正春, 周育才, 等. 四角切圆煤粉锅炉结渣原因分析及预防[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2012, 27(4): 91-96., articleTitle=四角切圆煤粉锅炉结渣原因分析及预防, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907430052161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=91, pageEnd=96, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=26, authorNames=FU Huilin, CAI Zhengchun, ZHOU Yucai, journalName=Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FU Huilin, CAI Zhengchun, ZHOU Yucai, et al. Analysis and prevention of tangentially pulverized coal fired boiler slagging reason[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2012, 27(4): 91-96., articleTitle=Analysis and prevention of tangentially pulverized coal fired boiler slagging reason, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907534909771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=132, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=白杨, 赵勇纲, 徐会军, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=白杨, 赵勇纲, 徐会军, 等. 准东煤及其混煤燃烧与结渣特性[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2019, 25(6): 132-138., articleTitle=准东煤及其混煤燃烧与结渣特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907660738899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=25, issue=6, pageStart=132, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=28, authorNames=BAI Yang, ZHAO Yonggang, XU Huijun, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAI Yang, ZHAO Yonggang, XU Huijun, et al. Combustion and slagging characteristics of Zhundong coal and blended coals[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2019, 25(6): 132-138., articleTitle=Combustion and slagging characteristics of Zhundong coal and blended coals, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907761402200, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=27, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=伍其威, 胡世豪, 刘婧雯, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=伍其威, 胡世豪, 刘婧雯, 等. 准东煤在液态排渣锅炉中的结渣特性和元素迁移规律[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(6): 27-35., articleTitle=准东煤在液态排渣锅炉中的结渣特性和元素迁移规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907841093982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=27, pageEnd=35, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=WU Qiwei, HU Shihao, LIU Jingwen, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Qiwei, HU Shihao, LIU Jingwen, et al. Slagging and element migration characteristics of Zhundong coal in horizontal liquid slag cyclone furnace[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(6): 27-35., articleTitle=Slagging and element migration characteristics of Zhundong coal in horizontal liquid slag cyclone furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907958534500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=86, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=王天龙, 刘志强, 李路江, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王天龙, 刘志强, 李路江, 等. 恒温下准东煤粉燃烧特性研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2022, 37(4): 86-93., articleTitle=恒温下准东煤粉燃烧特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908063392102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=86, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=WANG Tianlong, LIU Zhiqiang, LI Lujiang, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Tianlong, LIU Zhiqiang, LI Lujiang, et al. Study on combustion characteristics of Zhundong coal under constant temperature[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2022, 37(4): 86-93., articleTitle=Study on combustion characteristics of Zhundong coal under constant temperature, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908143083882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=287, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=WU H B, LIU Z H, CHEN W, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU H B, LIU Z H, CHEN W, et al. Research on the slagging behaviors of Shenhua coal in different combustion atmospheres[J]. Fuel, 2020, 287(1): 118537., articleTitle=Research on the slagging behaviors of Shenhua coal in different combustion atmospheres, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908226969969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=龚彬, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=龚彬. 生物质锅炉受热面沉积机理与腐蚀特性研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2015: 1., articleTitle=生物质锅炉受热面沉积机理与腐蚀特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908298273139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=GONG Bin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Bin. Mechanism study on deposit build-up and corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015: 1., articleTitle=Mechanism study on deposit build-up and corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908369576312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=363, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=CHANPIRAK A, WU H, MARSHALL P, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHANPIRAK A, WU H, MARSHALL P, et al. An experimental, theoretical, and kinetic modeling study of gas-phase sulfation of KCl[J]. Fuel, 2024, 363: 130974., articleTitle=An experimental, theoretical, and kinetic modeling study of gas-phase sulfation of KCl, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908499599741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=刘宏宇, 张守玉, 宋晓冰, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘宏宇, 张守玉, 宋晓冰, 等. 抗结渣生物质燃料研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2020, 26(1): 22-31., articleTitle=抗结渣生物质燃料研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908575097219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=22, pageEnd=31, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Shouyu, SONG Xiaobing, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Shouyu, SONG Xiaobing, et al. Advance in the research on slag: resistant biomass briquette preparation[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2020, 26(1): 22-31., articleTitle=Advance in the research on slag: resistant biomass briquette preparation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908671566217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=52, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=NIU Y, TAN H, HUI S, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU Y, TAN H, HUI S. Ash-related issues during biomass combustion: alkali-induced slagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration, corrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures [J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2016, 52: 1-61., articleTitle=Ash-related issues during biomass combustion: alkali-induced slagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration, corrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908780618127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=51, issue=39, pageStart=12984, pageEnd=12992, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=40, authorNames=WANG X, LIU Y, TAN H, journalName=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X, LIU Y, TAN H, et al. Mechanism research on the development of ash deposits on the heating surface of biomass furnaces[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(39): 12984-12992., articleTitle=Mechanism research on the development of ash deposits on the heating surface of biomass furnaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908877087123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=80, issue=2, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=41, authorNames=FORSBERG C, BROSTRÖM M, BACKMAN R, journalName=The Review of Scientific Instruments, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FORSBERG C, BROSTRÖM M, BACKMAN R, et al. Principle, calibration, and application of the in situ alkali chloride monitor[J]. The Review of Scientific Instruments, 2009, 80(2): 023104., articleTitle=Principle, calibration, and application of the in situ alkali chloride monitor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908965167513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=9, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=42, authorNames=肖军, 段菁春, 王华, journalName=能源工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖军, 段菁春, 王华, 等. 低温热解生物质与煤共燃的结渣、积灰和磨损特性分析[J]. 能源工程, 2003(3): 9-13., articleTitle=低温热解生物质与煤共燃的结渣、积灰和磨损特性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909049053593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=9, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=43, authorNames=XIAO Jun, DUAN Jingchun, WANG Hua, journalName=Energy Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO Jun, DUAN Jingchun, WANG Hua, et al. Research on co-firing of biomass with coal (part three): analysis of slagging fouling and abrasiveness performances[J]. Energy Engineering, 2003(3): 9-13., articleTitle=Research on co-firing of biomass with coal (part three): analysis of slagging fouling and abrasiveness performances, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909137133981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=26, issue=1, pageStart=85, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=44, authorNames=BOSTRÖM D, SKOGLUND N, GRIMM A, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOSTRÖM D, SKOGLUND N, GRIMM A, et al. Ash transformation chemistry during combustion of biomass[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 26(1): 85-93., articleTitle=Ash transformation chemistry during combustion of biomass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909200048545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=364, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=45, authorNames=LV Y, LEI Y, HUI S, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LV Y, LEI Y, HUI S, et al. Co-firing biomass with coal on ash deposition behavior at various temperatures in a Down-Fired furnace[J]. Fuel, 2024, 364: 131049., articleTitle=Co-firing biomass with coal on ash deposition behavior at various temperatures in a Down-Fired furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909275546021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=126, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=46, authorNames=黄奎霖, 韩奎华, 齐建荟, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄奎霖, 韩奎华, 齐建荟. 煤灰和生物质灰组成及灰熔融温度预测[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2023, 29(2): 126-138., articleTitle=煤灰和生物质灰组成及灰熔融温度预测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912647766440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=126, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=47, authorNames=HUANG Kuilin, HAN Kuihua, QI Jianhui, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Kuilin, HAN Kuihua, QI Jianhui. Composition and ash melting point prediction of coal ash and biomass ash[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2023, 29(2): 126-138., articleTitle=Composition and ash melting point prediction of coal ash and biomass ash, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912735846826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=48, authorNames=陈汉平, 李至, 司耀辉, journalName=电站系统工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈汉平, 李至, 司耀辉, 等. 煤与生物质混燃灰渣特性分析[J]. 电站系统工程, 2015, 31(3): 1-4., articleTitle=煤与生物质混燃灰渣特性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912886841777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=31, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=49, authorNames=CHEN Hanping, LI Zhi, SI Yaohui, journalName=Power System Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Hanping, LI Zhi, SI Yaohui, et al. Characterization of ash from co-combustion of biomass and coal[J]. Power System Engineering, 2015, 31(3): 1-4., articleTitle=Characterization of ash from co-combustion of biomass and coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912995893685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=45, issue=11, pageStart=1317, pageEnd=1322, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=50, authorNames=任俊斌, 李俊国, 张永奇, journalName=燃料化学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任俊斌, 李俊国, 张永奇, 等. 生物质与烟煤混合灰熔融特性影响因素的研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2017, 45(11): 1317-1322., articleTitle=生物质与烟煤混合灰熔融特性影响因素的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913134305721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=45, issue=11, pageStart=1317, pageEnd=1322, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=51, authorNames=REN Junbin, LI Junguo, ZHANG Yongqi, journalName=Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Junbin, LI Junguo, ZHANG Yongqi, et al. Influence factors for fusion characteristics of mixed ash between biomass and bituminous coal[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2017, 45(11): 1317-1322., articleTitle=Influence factors for fusion characteristics of mixed ash between biomass and bituminous coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913234969022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=52, authorNames=周骏, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周骏. 生物质混煤燃烧过程中K元素的迁移转化规律[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2021: 1., articleTitle=生物质混煤燃烧过程中K元素的迁移转化规律, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913390158276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=53, authorNames=ZHOU Jun, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Jun. Migration and transformation of K element in the process of biomass blended coal combustion[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021: 1., articleTitle=Migration and transformation of K element in the process of biomass blended coal combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913528570314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=51, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=54, authorNames=孙强, 麻栋, 陈晓东, journalName=煤炭转化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙强, 麻栋, 陈晓东, 等. 晋城无烟煤气化特性及煤灰流动性调控研究[J]. 煤炭转化, 2021, 44(1): 51-58., articleTitle=晋城无烟煤气化特性及煤灰流动性调控研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913633427920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=51, pageEnd=58, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=55, authorNames=SUN Qiang, MA Dong, CHEN Xiaodong, journalName=Coal Conversion, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Qiang, MA Dong, CHEN Xiaodong, et al. Research on gasification characteristics and coal ash fluidity regulation of Jincheng anthracite[J]. Coal Conversion, 2021, 44(1): 51-58., articleTitle=Research on gasification characteristics and coal ash fluidity regulation of Jincheng anthracite, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913742479826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=143, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=56, authorNames=穆林, 李通, 王震, journalName=可再生能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=穆林, 李通, 王震, 等. 藻类和木质生物质与烟煤掺混燃烧结渣特性[J]. 可再生能源, 2022, 40(2): 143-151., articleTitle=藻类和木质生物质与烟煤掺混燃烧结渣特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913817977300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=40, issue=2, pageStart=143, pageEnd=151, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=57, authorNames=MU Lin, LI Tong, WANG Zhen, journalName=Renewable Energy Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MU Lin, LI Tong, WANG Zhen, et al. Slag formation characteristics of co-combustion of bituminous coal with algae and woody biomass[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2022, 40(2): 143-151., articleTitle=Slag formation characteristics of co-combustion of bituminous coal with algae and woody biomass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915231457752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=58, authorNames=陈立军, 文孝强, 王恭, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈立军, 文孝强, 王恭, 等. 燃煤锅炉结渣特性预测方法综述[J]. 热力发电, 2006, 35(6): 1-5., articleTitle=燃煤锅炉结渣特性预测方法综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915374064091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=1, pageEnd=5, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=59, authorNames=CHEN Lijun, WEN Xiaoqiang, WANG Gong, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Lijun, WEN Xiaoqiang, WANG Gong, et al. An overview of prediction methods for slagging characteristics of coal-fired boilers[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2006, 35(6): 1-5., articleTitle=An overview of prediction methods for slagging characteristics of coal-fired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915495698912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=60, authorNames=岑可法, journalName=锅炉和热交换器的积灰、结渣、磨损和腐蚀的防止原理与计算, refType=null, unstructuredReference=岑可法. 锅炉和热交换器的积灰、结渣、磨损和腐蚀的防止原理与计算[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994: 15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915592167908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=61, authorNames=CEN Kefa, journalName=Principles and calculations for preventing ash, slag, wear, and corrosion in boilers and heat exchangers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CEN Kefa. Principles and calculations for preventing ash, slag, wear, and corrosion in boilers and heat exchangers[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994: 15., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915701219818, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=38, issue=10, pageStart=5, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=62, authorNames=刘文胜, 赵虹, 杨建国, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文胜, 赵虹, 杨建国, 等. 三元相图在配煤结渣特性研究中的应用[J]. 热力发电, 2009, 38(10): 5-10., articleTitle=三元相图在配煤结渣特性研究中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915827048941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=38, issue=10, pageStart=5, pageEnd=10, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=63, authorNames=LIU Wensheng, ZHAO Hong, YANG Jianguo, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Wensheng, ZHAO Hong, YANG Jianguo, et al. Application of three-element phase diagram in study on slagging behavior of blended coal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2009, 38(10): 5-10., articleTitle=Application of three-element phase diagram in study on slagging behavior of blended coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915944489456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=197, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=64, authorNames=陈力哲, 吴少华, 孙绍增, journalName=哈尔滨工业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈力哲, 吴少华, 孙绍增, 等. 煤燃烧结渣特性判定法及测量设备的研究[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2001(2): 197-199., articleTitle=煤燃烧结渣特性判定法及测量设备的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916066124279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2001, volume=null, issue=2, pageStart=197, pageEnd=199, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=65, authorNames=CHEN Lizhe, WU Shaohua, SUN Shaozeng, journalName=Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Lizhe, WU Shaohua, SUN Shaozeng, et al. Method of evaluating and equipment used for measuring slagging characteristics of coal during combustion[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2001 (2): 197-199., articleTitle=Method of evaluating and equipment used for measuring slagging characteristics of coal during combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916162593272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=9, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=66, authorNames=邵梅娟, 何惠娟, journalName=锅炉技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵梅娟, 何惠娟. 用比重分级法来评价煤灰结渣和沾污特性[J]. 锅炉技术, 1991(5): 9-16., articleTitle=用比重分级法来评价煤灰结渣和沾污特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916368114171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=9, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=67, authorNames=SHAO Meijuan, HE Huijuan, journalName=Boiler Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO Meijuan, HE Huijuan. Evaluation of ash fouling and slagging characteristics by specific gravity classification method[J]. Boiler Technology, 1991(5): 9-16., articleTitle=Evaluation of ash fouling and slagging characteristics by specific gravity classification method, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916464583169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=4, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=68, authorNames=聂明, 张艺漫, 张博, journalName=锅炉制造, refType=null, unstructuredReference=聂明, 张艺漫, 张博. 气氛条件对典型煤种结渣特性影响的实验研究[J]. 锅炉制造, 2013(3): 4-8., articleTitle=气氛条件对典型煤种结渣特性影响的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916619772422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=3, pageStart=4, pageEnd=8, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=69, authorNames=NIE Ming, ZHANG Yiman, ZHANG Bo, journalName=Boiler Manufacturing, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIE Ming, ZHANG Yiman, ZHANG Bo. Experimental study on the influence of the atmosphere conditions on the typical coal slagging characteristics[J]. Boiler Manufacturing, 2013(3): 4-8., articleTitle=Experimental study on the influence of the atmosphere conditions on the typical coal slagging characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916724630025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=368, pageEnd=372, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=70, authorNames=谢方静, 陈丽霞, journalName=节能技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢方静, 陈丽霞. 配风方式对某电厂锅炉燃烧及结渣特性的影响[J]. 节能技术, 2014, 32(4): 368-372., articleTitle=配风方式对某电厂锅炉燃烧及结渣特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916812710414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=368, pageEnd=372, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=71, authorNames=XIE Fangjing, CHEN Lixia, journalName=Energy Conservation Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Fangjing, CHEN Lixia. The impact on combustion and slagging with different air distribution methods[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2014, 32(4): 368-372., articleTitle=The impact on combustion and slagging with different air distribution methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916904985107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=5, pageStart=37, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=72, authorNames=熊辉, 宗涛, 吴元元, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=熊辉, 宗涛, 吴元元, 等. 超临界650 MW机组对冲燃烧锅炉结焦防控研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(5): 37-47., articleTitle=超临界650 MW机组对冲燃烧锅炉结焦防控研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916980482584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=5, pageStart=37, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=73, authorNames=XIONG Hui, ZONG Tao, WU Yuanyuan, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIONG Hui, ZONG Tao, WU Yuanyuan, et al. Study on coking prevention of supercritical 650 MW opposed firing boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(5): 37-47., articleTitle=Study on coking prevention of supercritical 650 MW opposed firing boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917064368670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=14, issue=1, pageStart=169, pageEnd=178, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=74, authorNames=ÖHMAN M, NORDIN A, SRIFVARS B J, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ÖHMAN M, NORDIN A, SRIFVARS B J, et al. Bed agglomeration characteristics during fluidized bed combustion of biomass fuels[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2000, 14(1): 169-178., articleTitle=Bed agglomeration characteristics during fluidized bed combustion of biomass fuels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917165031969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=127, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=75, authorNames=石炎, 薛聪, 邱宇平, journalName=农业资源与环境学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石炎, 薛聪, 邱宇平. 农林生物质直燃电厂灰渣资源化技术分析与展望[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2019, 36(2): 127-139., articleTitle=农林生物质直燃电厂灰渣资源化技术分析与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917261500966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=36, issue=2, pageStart=127, pageEnd=139, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=76, authorNames=SHI Yan, XUE Cong, QIU Yuping, journalName=Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI Yan, XUE Cong, QIU Yuping. Analysis and prospect of resource utilization of ash and slag from agroforestry biomass-fired power plants in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2019, 36(2): 127-139., articleTitle=Analysis and prospect of resource utilization of ash and slag from agroforestry biomass-fired power plants in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917353775657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=49, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=77, authorNames=阎维平, 陈吟颖, journalName=华北电力大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=阎维平, 陈吟颖. TK6生物质燃料结渣特性分析与判别[J]. 华北电力大学学报(自然科学版), 2007(1): 49-54., articleTitle=TK6生物质燃料结渣特性分析与判别, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917450244654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=49, pageEnd=54, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=78, authorNames=YAN Weiping, CHEN Yinying, journalName=Journal of North China Electric Power University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAN Weiping, CHEN Yinying. Study on slagging characteristics of biomass fuels[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University (Natural Science Edition), 2007(1): 49-54., articleTitle=Study on slagging characteristics of biomass fuels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917550907953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=89, issue=5, pageStart=913, pageEnd=933, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=79, authorNames=VASSILEV S V, BAXTER D, ANDERSEN L K, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VASSILEV S V, BAXTER D, ANDERSEN L K, et al. An overview of the chemical composition of biomass[J]. Fuel, 2010, 89(5): 913-933., articleTitle=An overview of the chemical composition of biomass, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917651571253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=1955, pageEnd=1963, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=80, authorNames=张佳凯, 聂立, 岑可法, journalName=浙江大学学报(工学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=张佳凯, 聂立, 岑可法, 等. 生物质秸秆与神府烟煤掺烧结渣特性的在线监测[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(10): 1955-1963., articleTitle=生物质秸秆与神府烟煤掺烧结渣特性的在线监测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917764817466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=54, issue=10, pageStart=1955, pageEnd=1963, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=81, authorNames=ZHANG Jiakai, NIE Li, CEN Kefa, journalName=Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Jiakai, NIE Li, CEN Kefa, et al. Experimental study on slagging characteristics during coal and biomass co-combustion with on-line measurement technique[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(10): 1955-1963., articleTitle=Experimental study on slagging characteristics during coal and biomass co-combustion with on-line measurement technique, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917886452286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=82, authorNames=陈博文, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈博文. 生物质与烟煤混燃成渣特性及影响因素研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2019: 15., articleTitle=生物质与烟煤混燃成渣特性及影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707917982921281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=15, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=83, authorNames=CHEN Bowen, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Bowen. Study on the slagging characteristics and influence of co-firing biomass and bituminous coal[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2019: 15., articleTitle=Study on the slagging characteristics and influence of co-firing biomass and bituminous coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707918104556102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=69, issue=null, pageStart=562, pageEnd=570, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=84, authorNames=LUAN C, YOU C F, ZHANG D K, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUAN C, YOU C F, ZHANG D K. Composition and sintering characteristics of ashes from co-firing of coal and biomass in a laboratory-scale drop tube furnace[J]. Energy, 2014, 69: 562-570., articleTitle=Composition and sintering characteristics of ashes from co-firing of coal and biomass in a laboratory-scale drop tube furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707918234579530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=101, issue=23, pageStart=9373, pageEnd=9381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=85, authorNames=NIU Y, TAN H, WANG X, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU Y, TAN H, WANG X, et al. Study on fusion characteristics of biomass ash[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(23): 9373-9381., articleTitle=Study on fusion characteristics of biomass ash, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707919719363149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=129, issue=null, pageStart=642, pageEnd=645, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=86, authorNames=NIU Y, DU W, TAN H, journalName=Bioresource Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU Y, DU W, TAN H, et al. Further study on biomass ash characteristics at elevated ashing temperatures: The evolution of K, Cl, S and the ash fusion characteristics[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 129: 642-645., articleTitle=Further study on biomass ash characteristics at elevated ashing temperatures: The evolution of K, Cl, S and the ash fusion characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707919853580881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=87, authorNames=穆林, 褚福星, 翟镇德, journalName=可再生能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=穆林, 褚福星, 翟镇德, 等. 生物质与烟煤灰的理化特性及混合灰熔融特性研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2021, 39(1): 1-7., articleTitle=生物质与烟煤灰的理化特性及混合灰熔融特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707919966827092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=39, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=88, authorNames=MU Lin, CHU Fuxing, ZHAI Zhende, journalName=Renewable Energy Resources, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MU Lin, CHU Fuxing, ZHAI Zhende, et al. Study on physicochemical characteristics of biomass and bituminous coal ash and melting characteristics of mixed ash[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2021, 39(1): 1-7., articleTitle=Study on physicochemical characteristics of biomass and bituminous coal ash and melting characteristics of mixed ash, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920042324567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=39, issue=null, pageStart=192, pageEnd=203, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=89, authorNames=TEIXEIRA P, LOPES H, GULYURTLU I, journalName=Biomass and Bioenergy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TEIXEIRA P, LOPES H, GULYURTLU I, et al. Evaluation of slagging and fouling tendency during biomass co-firing with coal in a fluidized bed[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 39: 192-203., articleTitle=Evaluation of slagging and fouling tendency during biomass co-firing with coal in a fluidized bed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920126210652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=2319, pageEnd=2326, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=90, authorNames=OKUIZUMI T, HORIGUCHI G, KAMIYA H, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKUIZUMI T, HORIGUCHI G, KAMIYA H, et al. Role of Al-based additives in controlling ash adhesion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2024, 38(3): 2319-2326., articleTitle=Role of Al-based additives in controlling ash adhesion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920281399906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=233, issue=null, pageStart=299, pageEnd=308, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=91, authorNames=DAI B, WU X, ZHANG L, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI B, WU X, ZHANG L. Establishing a novel and yet simple methodology based on the use of modified inclined plane (M-IP) for high-temperature slag viscosity measurement[J]. Fuel, 2018, 233: 299-308., articleTitle=Establishing a novel and yet simple methodology based on the use of modified inclined plane (M-IP) for high-temperature slag viscosity measurement, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920377868904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=46, issue=3, pageStart=359, pageEnd=367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=92, authorNames=KONDRATIEV A, HAYES P C, JAK E, journalName=ISIJ International, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KONDRATIEV A, HAYES P C, JAK E. Development of a quasi-chemical viscosity model for fully liquid slags in the Al2O3-CaO-’FeO’-MgO-SiO2 system.: Part 1.: Description of the model and its application to the MgO, MgO-SiO2, Al2O3-MgO and CaO-MgO sub-systems[J]. ISIJ International, 2006, 46(3): 359-367., articleTitle=Development of a quasi-chemical viscosity model for fully liquid slags in the Al2O3-CaO-’FeO’-MgO-SiO2 system.: Part 1.: Description of the model and its application to the MgO, MgO-SiO2, Al2O3-MgO and CaO-MgO sub-systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920465949288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=46, pageEnd=67, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=93, authorNames=ALAM M T, DAI B, WU X, journalName=Frontiers in Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALAM M T, DAI B, WU X, et al. A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags[J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2021, 15(1): 46-67., articleTitle=A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920579195500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=193, issue=null, pageStart=244, pageEnd=262, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=94, authorNames=SEFIDARI H, WIINIKKA H, LINDBLOM B, journalName=Fuel Processing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEFIDARI H, WIINIKKA H, LINDBLOM B, et al. Comparison of high-rank coals with respect to slagging/deposition tendency at the transfer-chute of iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants: a pilot-scale experimental study accompanied by thermochemical equilibrium modeling and viscosity estimations[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2019, 193: 244-262., articleTitle=Comparison of high-rank coals with respect to slagging/deposition tendency at the transfer-chute of iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants: a pilot-scale experimental study accompanied by thermochemical equilibrium modeling and viscosity estimations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707920675664497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=199, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=95, authorNames=SEFIDARI H, MA C, FREDRIKSSON C, journalName=Fuel Processing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEFIDARI H, MA C, FREDRIKSSON C, et al. The effect of co-firing coal and woody biomass upon the slagging/deposition tendency in iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2020, 199: 106254., articleTitle=The effect of co-firing coal and woody biomass upon the slagging/deposition tendency in iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236707902556270681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, awardId=2022YFB4202002, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB4202002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236707902644351072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, awardId=2022YFB4202002, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4202002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707894410932977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894419321586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707894427710196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, companyId=1236707894410932977, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236707899293103065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Biomass power generation output in China from 2017 to 2023, figureFileSmall=/Ci+BuRZkIZ9An2/jk/sKw==, figureFileBig=UnM2P47sCkTkNHpsFUcu1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899372794847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2017—2023年全国生物质发电量, figureFileSmall=/Ci+BuRZkIZ9An2/jk/sKw==, figureFileBig=UnM2P47sCkTkNHpsFUcu1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899465069541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The coal and biomass co-firing technology routes, figureFileSmall=bsRs4vUGiVP/HPAoaECyew==, figureFileBig=B2oU/4/XTJaKM53EUQkZHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899557344238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=图2, caption=煤与生物质混燃技术路线, figureFileSmall=bsRs4vUGiVP/HPAoaECyew==, figureFileBig=B2oU/4/XTJaKM53EUQkZHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899678979061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Slagging on boiler heating surfaces, figureFileSmall=qfweHRB4IODhuv9CbHC8pg==, figureFileBig=cC9wVoJ4XO94y06T6N+F+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899800613883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=图3, caption=锅炉受热面结渣, figureFileSmall=qfweHRB4IODhuv9CbHC8pg==, figureFileBig=cC9wVoJ4XO94y06T6N+F+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899897081859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Slagging indicators of the coal-fired boiler, figureFileSmall=g+cA07GDXIOAUHRrLBCHog==, figureFileBig=rw+R11oo+VZFb85mMjUUIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707900006133772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=图4, caption=燃煤锅炉结渣指标, figureFileSmall=g+cA07GDXIOAUHRrLBCHog==, figureFileBig=rw+R11oo+VZFb85mMjUUIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707900119379985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=K2O-SiO2-CaO three-phase diagram of woody biomass, figureFileSmall=FoHDmWbT27hvvg47xyM35g==, figureFileBig=BLeCQRxqlF0swgi1itWRqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707900249403418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=图5, caption=木质生物质K2O-SiO2-CaO三相图, figureFileSmall=FoHDmWbT27hvvg47xyM35g==, figureFileBig=BLeCQRxqlF0swgi1itWRqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707900366843937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Effect of biomass composition elements on slagging

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生物质组成元素对结渣的影响
K、Na降低灰熔点,加重结渣
Ca、Mg提高灰熔点,减轻结渣
Fe、Mn氧化物几乎不与其他物质相互作用
Al来自外部矿物,减轻结渣
Si影响复杂
), ArticleFig(id=1236707900438147114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

生物质组成元素对结渣的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
生物质组成元素对结渣的影响
K、Na降低灰熔点,加重结渣
Ca、Mg提高灰熔点,减轻结渣
Fe、Mn氧化物几乎不与其他物质相互作用
Al来自外部矿物,减轻结渣
Si影响复杂
), ArticleFig(id=1236707900526227507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Industrial analysis and elemental analysis of coal and biomass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品工业分析/%元素分析/%
MAFCVCHONS
11.2420.7170.767.2972.022.501.580.592.34
25.836.5655.1132.5076.744.2810.591.080.34
35.9417.0345.9431.0960.874.577.791.102.71
46.8211.3913.6268.1739.484.9436.221.050.10
54.269.1714.0072.5742.136.2936.721.270.15
66.981.639.5181.8846.637.0345.160.860.32
), ArticleFig(id=1236707901952290870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

煤与生物质的工业分析和元素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品工业分析/%元素分析/%
MAFCVCHONS
11.2420.7170.767.2972.022.501.580.592.34
25.836.5655.1132.5076.744.2810.591.080.34
35.9417.0345.9431.0960.874.577.791.102.71
46.8211.3913.6268.1739.484.9436.221.050.10
54.269.1714.0072.5742.136.2936.721.270.15
66.981.639.5181.8846.637.0345.160.860.32
), ArticleFig(id=1236707902057148476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Ash composition of coal and biomass

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品质量分数w/%
SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOP2O5K2ONa2O
149.8629.649.462.470.441.951.040.34
244.3617.669.6313.921.540.260.980.79
328.7212.5727.719.701.860.080.050.23
443.584.110.342.542.131.5829.442.93
531.485.340.354.021.468.3531.010.41
61.190.280.9153.563.7811.0226.730.01
), ArticleFig(id=1236707902132645953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

煤与生物质的灰成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品质量分数w/%
SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOP2O5K2ONa2O
149.8629.649.462.470.441.951.040.34
244.3617.669.6313.921.540.260.980.79
328.7212.5727.719.701.860.080.050.23
443.584.110.342.542.131.5829.442.93
531.485.340.354.021.468.3531.010.41
61.190.280.9153.563.7811.0226.730.01
), ArticleFig(id=1236707902271057993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Evaluation indicators of slagging in coal-fired boiler

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结渣指标轻度结渣中度结渣高度结渣
ST>1 3901 260~1 390<1 260
B/A<0.2060.206~0.400>0.400
S/A<1.8701.870~2.650>2.650
F/C<0.3000.300~3.000>3.000
), ArticleFig(id=1236707902380109903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120707768735, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

燃煤锅炉结渣评价指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结渣指标轻度结渣中度结渣高度结渣
ST>1 3901 260~1 390<1 260
B/A<0.2060.206~0.400>0.400
S/A<1.8701.870~2.650>2.650
F/C<0.3000.300~3.000>3.000
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣评价指标分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
梁波 , 王永征 , 梁艳杰 , 刘济森 , 牛胜利 , 韩奎华
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2025,54(4): 51-60
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2025, 54(4): 51-60
煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣评价指标分析
全屏
梁波 , 王永征 , 梁艳杰, 刘济森, 牛胜利, 韩奎华
作者信息
  • 山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061
  • 梁波(2001),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,

通讯作者:

王永征(1967),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,
Analysis on evaluation indicators of slagging in boilers co-firing coal with biomass
Bo LIANG , Yongzheng WANG , Yanjie LIANG, Jisen LIU, Shengli NIU, Kuihua HAN
Affiliations
  • School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183
文章导航
收藏切换

煤与生物质混燃发电是现有燃煤电厂实现CO2减排及生物质大规模高效利用的最经济最有效的技术。但由于生物质中含有大量的碱金属成分,在煤与生物质混燃过程中会产生严重的积灰、结渣、腐蚀问题,严重威胁锅炉设备的安全经济运行。分别针对燃煤锅炉、燃用生物质锅炉及煤与生物质混燃锅炉的受热面结渣特性及其影响因素进行了对比分析,对燃用不同燃料锅炉及混燃锅炉结渣特性评价指标进行了综合论述,并进一步评估了这些结渣评价指标在具体锅炉设备中的适用性。综合分析表明:燃料中的灰成分决定了灰渣的物理化学性质,灰熔融特性反映了灰渣的固液转变倾向和温度,而灰黏度则关系到灰的流动性和能否在受热面沉积结渣,从这3个方面综合考虑可以更准确地评价锅炉受热面结渣特性。

生物质  /  碱金属  /  结渣评价指标  /  灰熔融特性  /  黏度

The power generation by co-firing of coal and biomass is the most economical and efficient technology for existing coal-fired power plants to achieve CO2 emission reduction and large-scale efficient utilization of biomass. However, due to the significant alkali metal content in biomass, serious issues such as ash deposits, slagging, and corrosion arise during co-firing of coal and biomass, posing substantial threats to safe and economically viable operation of boiler equipment. Comparative analysis on slagging characteristics of heating surfaces in coal-fired boilers, biomass-fired boilers, and co-firing boilers of coal and biomass are conducted, with their influencing factors investigated. The slagging characteristic evaluating indicators for boilers firing different fuels and co-firing boilers are comprehensively discussed and evaluated. Furthermore, the applicability of these slagging evaluation indicators in specific boiler equipment is assessed. A comprehensive analysis reveals that the ash components in the fuel determine the physical and chemical properties of ash residues. The ash fusion characteristics reflect the tendency and temperature of solid-liquid transformation of ash residues, whereas ash viscosity relates to ash flowability and its propensity to deposit as slag on heating surfaces. A comprehensive consideration of these aspects enables a more accurate evaluation of boiler heating surface slagging characteristics.

biomass  /  alkali metal  /  slagging evaluating indicator  /  ash fusion characteristics  /  viscosity
梁波, 王永征, 梁艳杰, 刘济森, 牛胜利, 韩奎华. 煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣评价指标分析. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (4) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183
Bo LIANG, Yongzheng WANG, Yanjie LIANG, Jisen LIU, Shengli NIU, Kuihua HAN. Analysis on evaluation indicators of slagging in boilers co-firing coal with biomass[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (4) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183
生物质指包括所有的动植物和微生物在内的通过光合作用形成的有机体。在整个生命周期内,生物质的碳排放和吸收可以达到平衡,因此生物质可被视为一种整体碳排放为零的能源[1]。近年来我国生物发电技术发展迅速,2017—2023年全国生物质发电量如图1所示[2]。生物质主要包括农林废弃物、污泥、动物粪便、生活垃圾和废弃油脂等,其中常用于和煤混燃的主要是农林废弃物,尤其是农作物秸秆如玉米秸秆、稻秆等。
煤与生物质混燃发电有助于实现碳减排,具有很多优势。生物质含碳量低、热值低,但挥发分含量高、反应活性高[3];煤具有高含碳量和高热值,但挥发分含量低。因此,煤与生物质混燃可以降低着火温度,促进燃料着火。蒋奕锋等[4]将1 000 MW燃煤锅炉实际运行煤与生物质原料混燃,发现加入生物质可以有效改善原煤的着火性能,并优化燃烧特性,在一定范围内生物质的掺烧比例越高,燃烧效果的改善程度也越显著。周巍等[5]研究了神府烟煤与板栗壳混燃的着火和燃烧特性,证明了煤与生物质混燃时存在协同效应,混燃的着火延迟时间低于理论值,生物质在混燃中起到了促进着火的作用,其次,传统生物质锅炉效率低于燃煤锅炉效率,煤与生物质混燃可以利用先进的燃煤火电机组和燃煤锅炉的高效率,有效提高生物质的利用效率。煤与生物质混燃也可以降低锅炉部分污染物排放,生物质中的大量碱金属化合物可以发生硫化反应捕获SO2,生物质中的高挥发分烃能与NOx反应减少NOx排放[6]。不过煤与生物质混燃会导致其他问题,如锅炉腐蚀[7]和颗粒物排放[8]等。
煤与生物质混燃方式主要分为:直接混燃、间接混燃、并联混燃[9]。煤与生物质混燃技术路线如图2所示,其中直接混燃技术分为4类[10]:①共用磨煤机;②不同磨煤机,共用输粉管和燃烧器;③不同磨煤机和输粉管,共用燃烧器;④不同磨煤机和输粉管且用独立燃烧器。直接混燃技术投资成本最低,经济高效,发展最为迅速[11-12]
煤与生物质直接混燃技术作为一种具有很大潜力的清洁能源技术,在发展的过程中也面临着一些技术问题和挑战。生物质中富含的碱金属会造成锅炉受热面严重结渣问题[13],锅炉受热面结渣会弱化受热面传热能力、增大热阻、导致高温腐蚀、甚至发生爆管事故。当煤与秸秆类生物质混燃时,结渣问题尤为明显。研究煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣评价指标,有助于控制混燃过程的结渣问题,延长设备使用寿命,确保火电机组运行的经济性和安全性。
结渣主要是熔化或者半熔化的灰颗粒在炉内受热面等处凝结、生长、积聚。过热管和对流管屏之间的连接处、管子之间的架桥、管道交错的对流受热面通常是锅炉中最容易结渣的位置[14]。锅炉受热面结渣现象如图3所示[15]
燃煤锅炉结渣层可分为初始沉积层、中间层和外层[16]。初始沉积层由灰中挥发性物质冷凝和热迁移形成,中间层由低熔点物质惯性碰撞形成,外层由灰渣惯性沉积形成。燃煤锅炉的结渣问题主要受到煤质、锅炉设计参数和运行参数的影响,煤质是首要影响因素。例如准东煤虽然具有低灰、低硫、低磷、易着火、易燃尽等优点,但是含有较高的碱金属所以也会产生结渣问题[17]。煤质特性主要受含硫量和粉煤灰成分的影响[16]。煤中的硫铁矿先撞击炉膛壁面富集,在炉内选择性沉积会造成锅炉结渣,硫铁矿的含量越高越容易结渣。
燃煤锅炉中导致结渣的主要矿物成分包括SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3等。这些矿物成分在高温下会形成硅酸盐共晶体如Al2SiO5、CaSiO3,粘附在受热面上造成结渣。煤中灰成分会影响到灰熔融特性和流变特性,灰中的碱性氧化物会起到助熔剂的作用,降低灰熔点,导致锅炉结渣。伍其威等[18]研究了准东煤在20 MW卧式液态排渣锅炉的结渣特性,发现Al2O3、Fe2O3、SiO2等氧化物在高温区域灰渣中富集,而CaO、MgO、Na2O、SO3则主要出现在低温区域的沉积物中,换热面的初始沉积层主要和碱金属和硫酸盐的冷凝相关。王天龙等[19]研究发现由于准东煤灰成分中K2O、Na2O和CaO碱性氧化物含量较高,导致准东煤灰熔点偏低,容易结渣。Haibo等人[20]研究发现,神华煤在富氧燃烧条件下结渣趋势明显高于在空气中燃烧。这主要是因为在富氧燃烧条件下,未分解的CaCO3会促进生成低灰熔点的钙黄长石和钙长石,同时增加灰黏度,导致锅炉受热面结渣。为了减少燃煤锅炉的结渣问题,需要采用符合锅炉设计的煤种、优化炉膛设计、合理配风等措施。
生物质中主要元素包含Si、Ca、Mg、K、Na、P、Cl、Al、Fe和Mn等。与煤相比,生物质特别是秸秆类生物质的K、Na等元素含量更高。不同生物质中各元素含量不同,不同元素的转化迁移机制也不同。生物质锅炉结渣特性主要和碱金属与氯元素有关,各组成元素对结渣的影响见表1。生物质中的碱金属元素K是锅炉结渣最关键的元素,K主要引起烟道结渣和炉底结渣[21]。硫酸钾和硅酸钾分别是烟道结渣和炉底结渣的关键物质。锅炉烟气中存在KCl和SO2,SO2先被氧化成SO3,然后与KCl反应生成K2SO4和KHSO4。反应过程中SO2转变成SO3的效率较低,这是硫酸盐沉积的主要限制因素[22]。生物质中含有较高的Si元素,在生物质燃烧过程中形成硅酸钾。低熔点的硅酸钾在炉底聚集,作为结渣初始核引起炉底结渣[23]。Na元素对锅炉结渣特性的影响和K相似,但通常生物质中Na含量远低于K。
Ca和Mg的存在会提高灰熔点,减轻结渣现象。这是因为碱土金属氧化物CaO和MgO会与硅酸盐反应生成硅酸钙(CaSiO3)、三硅酸钙(Ca3Si2O7)和镁氧硅酸钙(MgO·Ca3O3Si2O4)等高熔点化合物,提高了生物质灰熔点,减轻锅炉结渣。对于Ca和Mg含量较高的木质生物质,锅炉的炉膛出口温度可以适当提高,对于K和Si元素含量较高的农作物,锅炉的炉膛出口温度应控制在850 ℃及更低。Fe和Mn的氧化物几乎不与灰中其他物质相互作用[24]。生物质中的Al被认为来自于外部矿物如长石和黏土,可以提高共晶体硅酸盐的熔点、减少低熔点化合物形成、降低结渣倾向。
Wang等人[25]通过滴管炉实验,指出生物质灰的形成主要受到硫化反应的影响,大部分的碱氯化物在受热面沉积前转化成碱硫酸盐,碱硫酸盐在灰沉积过程中占据主导地位。
混燃锅炉结渣的主要诱因是碱金属元素K,碱硫酸盐是木质生物质释放出的主要碱金属种类,碱氯化物是草本生物质释放出的主要碱金属种类。Cl和S对结渣有着重要影响。硫酸盐容易在受热面处冷凝,烟气中的灰颗粒被黏性的硫酸盐捕获,造成受热面结渣[26]。K2SO4易在高温区域加热表面上聚集,KCl易在低温区域加热表面上聚集,低温时KCl会在K2SO4核上凝结。在混燃过程中,S与K会发生硫化反应生成K2SO4,KCl生成减少,在一定程度上减少了结渣,但实际上K2SO4容易分解出SO2,在Fe、Si、Al的促进下,Ca会优先和SO2反应生成CaSO4,增加灰的黏结性。当过量空气系数提高时,会促进上述硫化反应,但是不会减少结渣[27]。Bostrom等人[28]指出,灰分转化反应可能受到温度、停留时间、送风、烟气速度等因素的影响。Lv等人[29]研究发现烟气温度升高会促进细颗粒的热电泳、碱金属蒸汽和SO2的凝结、沉积初始层颗粒的熔化,最终导致烧结团聚。
灰熔点的高低直接影响锅炉结渣倾向与程度,灰中的低熔点物质在锅炉高温环境下熔化,导致锅炉结渣。灰熔点和灰中的氧化物成分直接相关[30]。灰中的氧化物成分可分为酸性氧化物、中性氧化物和碱性氧化物。SiO2、TiO2等酸性氧化物会提高灰熔点,K2O和Na2O等碱性氧化物则会降低灰熔点。白榴石(KAlSi2O6)是灰熔点降低的关键物质。在1 220 ℃时,钾长石(KAlSi3O8)会分解为石英和白榴石,见式(1)[31]。白榴石在高温下易与SiO2形成黏稠的低温共熔体,增加了灰的整体黏度,促进颗粒团聚。任俊斌等[32]研究生物质灰和煤灰混合比对灰熔融特性的影响时发现,随着松木屑灰含量增加,灰中生成了更多的低温共熔体如白榴石、钙镁长石等,降低了灰熔融温度。
KAlSi3O8KAlSi2O6+SiO2
3种煤(1-晋城凤凰山无烟煤;2-神木烟煤;3-山西大同褐煤)和3种常用生物质(4-稻秆;5-玉米秸秆;6-桃木)的工业元素分析和灰成分见表2表3[33-35]。由表2可见,煤中的C、H含量和高于生物质,而O含量低于生物质,这使得生物质的发热量低于煤。生物质的挥发分含量显著高于煤,这意味着在加热过程中,生物质更容易释放大量挥发性物质,这些物质在燃烧时会与灰中矿物质反应,形成低熔点化合物,增加了结渣的可能性。由表3可见,3种生物质灰中的K2O、Na2O含量和均远高于煤灰,也说明了生物质比煤更容易结渣。桃木灰相比于稻秆灰和玉米秸秆灰含有更多的CaO,因此木质生物质的结渣倾向相比其他生物质更低。
燃煤锅炉结渣特性评价指标可分为单一指标评价方法和多指标综合评价方法(图4[36]。其中,单一指标评价方法主要包括煤质结渣特性和锅炉结渣特性2类。
燃煤锅炉常规结渣评价指标包括软化温度(ST)、碱酸比(B/A)、硅铝比(S/A)、铁钙比(F/C)等,见式(2)—式(4)[37]。这些评价指标对各种类型的煤均有一定的适用度,在燃煤电厂中被广泛应用,具体标准见表4[37]
BA=w(Fe2O3)+w(CaO)+w(MgO)+w(Na2O)+w(K2Ow(Al2O3)+w(SiO2)+w(TiO2)
S/A=w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3)
F/C=w(Fe2O3)/w(CaO)
煤灰沾污指数Fy是衡量煤灰对锅炉受热面污染倾向的指标,它反映了煤灰中碱性氧化物(Na2O+K2O)的含量以及在锅炉受热面的沾污能力,见公式(5)[37]
Fy=w(Fe2O3)+w(CaO)+w(MgO)+w(Na2O)+w(K2O)w(Al2O3)+w(SiO2)+w(TiO2)×w(Na2O)
Fy<0.2时,沾污倾向低;当0.2<Fy<0.5时,沾污倾向中等;当0.5<Fy<1.0时,沾污倾向高;当Fy>1.0时,严重沾污[37]
单一指标评价方法在评价结渣问题时存在局限性,往往无法全面反映锅炉结渣的复杂性[36]。矿物质在研磨时可能会发生偏折,导致燃料在燃烧过程中的物理化学性质产生差异,可见单一指标评价方法不够准确。综合判别指数可以更准确地评价燃煤锅炉结渣特性(式(6))[37],是单一指标算术加权平均后得到统一评分判别方法。它综合考虑了煤灰软化温度、硅铝比、硅比(G)、碱酸比,对不同的锅炉容量和煤质具有更高的适用度。硅比公式见式(7)[37],式中Fe2O3(当量)=Fe2O3+1.11FeO+1.43Fe。
R=1.237B/A+0.282 S/A0.002 3 ST0.018 9 G+5.415
G=w(SiO2)×100w(SiO2)+w(CaO)+w(MgO)+w(Fe2O3)
刘文胜等[38]利用SiO2-Al2O3-CaO三元相图分析榆林煤和平朔煤掺配对锅炉结渣倾向的影响,相图分析结果通过沉降炉试验得以验证,说明相图分析可以用于评价锅炉结渣特性。还有部分学者采用热显微镜[39]、重力筛分[40]等非常规指标,研究煤质特性对锅炉结渣特性的影响。
炉膛容积热强度qv、炉膛断面热强度qF、配风方式、炉膛设计参数等因素也可以辅助判别燃煤锅炉结渣特性。炉膛容积热强度qv、炉膛断面热强度qF见式(8)和式(9)。锅炉在还原性气氛下更容易结渣,这是因为还原性气体会把灰分中高熔点的Fe2O3还原成低熔点的FeO[41]。氧化性气氛下Fe2O3含量更高,灰熔点更高,锅炉更不容易结渣。谢方静等[42]通过模拟对比宝塔配风、双曲配风和均匀配风3种配风方式对锅炉结渣特性的影响,发现在宝塔配风方式下飞灰含碳量低、出口烟温高、炉膛中心含氧量低,在燃烧器及以下区域氧含量高呈氧化性区域,不易结渣。熊辉等[43]研究发现,将某超临界650 MW机组的燃烧器扩锥角从45°改为30°,可以降低水冷壁区域的热负荷,有效抑制燃烧器附近区域的结渣现象。
qv=B×Qar,netV
qF=B×Qar,netF
式中:B为燃料消耗量,kg/s;Qar, net为燃料收到基低位发热量,kJ/kg;V为炉膛容积,m3F为炉膛横截面面积,m2
由于生物质种类多成分复杂,与煤粉成分有很大差异,煤粉的结渣评价指标不能完全适用于生物质。当煤的软化温度(ST)小于1 260 ℃时,可认为煤的结渣倾向高,但是绝大部分的生物质ST都低于1 260 ℃[44],木质类生物质ST一般是950~1 000 ℃,秸秆类生物质ST在1 000 ℃左右,草本生物质ST约为730 ℃,部分海藻类生物质的ST更低不超过800 ℃,因此不能简单地用ST判断生物质结渣特性。碱酸比(B/A)描述了煤灰中碱性氧化物与酸性氧化物的比值。碱酸比的评价受生物质种类影响较大,不同生物质的碱性氧化物含量差异很大,稻草麦秆等富含纤维素的生物质含有更多的碱性氧化物,木材树皮等富含木质素的生物质含有更多的酸性氧化物[45],两者的碱酸比标准不同。硅铝比(S/A)描述SiO2与Al2O3的比值,没有体现碱金属对结渣特性的影响,因此不适合用于生物质结渣分析。阎维平等[46]研究发现,硅铝比适用于燃用农作物的锅炉结渣特性分析,但是对燃用木质生物质的锅炉不太适合,需要进行修正。
生物质锅炉结渣问题主要和灰中的碱金属氧化物、硅酸盐有关,生物质灰的结渣倾向可以通过适当的相图来评价。Bostrom等人[28]提出,对木质生物质中采用K2O-Na2O-CaO-MgO-SiO2的多组分相图,对农作物采用K2O-Na2O-CaO-MgO-P2O5的多组分相图,分析特定组分对结渣的影响。其中,Na和K影响机理相似,但Na含量远低于K;Mg和Ca影响机理相似,但Mg含量远低于Ca,因此可以把多组分相图简化成K2O-CaO-SiO2和K2O-CaO-P2O5。木质生物质K2O-CaO-SiO2三相图如图5所示,其中木质生物质数据来自文献[47]。具有高(K2O+Na2O+ CaO+MgO)/SiO2比的混合物形成硅酸盐基结渣的倾向较低。在木质生物质的K2O-CaO-SiO2三相图左上角,说明CaO含量高、K2O含量低,结渣倾向较低。
煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣特性主要受灰成分影响,从灰成分、灰熔融特性和灰黏度3个方面综合考虑可以全面准确地评价煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣特性。燃烧条件(燃烧温度、过热空气系数)、生物质掺烧比例等对锅炉结渣特性影响较大,也可以作为辅助结渣指标。
碱金属成分以及Cl、S元素的含量是影响煤与生物质结渣最关键因素。Niu等人[24]提出了通过Cl比(ζCl)和S比(ζS)来评价锅炉结渣特性,见式(10)和式(11),Svolatile为挥发性硫。当ζCl≥2.4且ζS≥1.9时,严重结渣;当ζCl≤1.0且ζS≤0.5时,轻度结渣。ζCl比和ζS比的评价指标综合考虑了碱转化和诱导结渣过程中的大部分元素,在小型锅炉得到验证,对评价生物质锅炉结渣具有指导意义。
ζCl=w(Cl)+w(K2O)+w(Na2O)w(SiO2)+w(Al2O3)
ζS=w(Svolatile)+w(K2O)+w(Na2O)w(SiO2)+w(Al2O3)
张佳凯等[48]在研究2种生物质秸秆(玉米秸秆、花生秸秆)与神府烟煤掺烧的结渣特性时,使用4种结渣指数(硅比、硅铝比、碱酸比、铁钙比)预测,发现碱酸比预测最为准确,铁钙比预测效果最差,硅比和硅铝比无法区分各工况的差异性。
碱性氧化物指数AI(式(12))指燃料中每1 GJ燃料热量含有碱性氧化物(K2O+Na2O)的质量。AI体现了混燃灰中的碱金属K和Na含量对结渣的影响,对混燃锅炉结渣特性的评价具有一定的精确度。AI值越大,锅炉结渣概率越高。当AI<0.17时,轻微结渣;AI在0.17~0.34时,中等结渣;AI>0.34时,严重结渣[37]。在包括谷壳、花生壳、甘蔗秆等11种生物质中,仅紫花苜蓿1种生物质使用AI判别时与结果不吻合[46]
AI=w(K2O)+w(Na2O)Qar,grwad(A)
陈博文等[49]对沉降炉结渣特性数据进行多元函数拟合,建立了结渣指标Y(式(13)),λ为生物质掺烧比例,t为实际燃烧温度(℃)。该指标综合考虑了碱金属、Cl、S、掺烧比例以及燃烧温度等多种影响因素对锅炉结渣的影响。当Y<1.0时,不易结渣;当1.0<Y<1.5时,轻微结渣;当1.5<Y<2.5时,轻度结渣;当2.5<Y<3.5时,中度结渣;当3.5<Y<4.5时,重度结渣;当Y>4.5时,严重结渣。该指标基本符合实验结果,但仍需要更多的实验数据检验适用性。
Y=10w(K)+w(Na)w(Si)+w(Al)+w(Ca)+2.9w(Cl)+w(S)w(Si)+w(Al)+(λ+t1 500
评价混燃灰灰熔融特性最直接的方法是测量灰熔融温度。灰熔融温度通常通过灰熔融试验测量,而DT(流动温度)、ST(软化温度)、FT(流动温度)容易受到样品制备、气氛控制和加热速率等测试条件的影响。
灰化温度会影响到生物质中某些成分如碱金属的挥发性,不同种类、不同产地生物质的灰化温度不尽相同,并没有统一的生物质灰化温度。我国生物质灰化温度目前还是按照煤质分析标准(GB/T 212—2001)规定:灰化温度为(815±10) ℃,保温时间40 min。Luan等人[50]在生物质(秸秆、锯末)与煤混燃实验中发现,烧结温度随着燃料碱酸比的降低而升高,提出可将烧结温度作为评价煤和生物质混燃过程结渣倾向的指标。
Niu等人[51]在研究不同温度下制备的辣椒秸秆、棉秆等生物质灰的灰熔融温度时发现,IDT(初始变形温度)更易受K2O、MgO、CaO等氧化物含量的影响,相比ST、HT(半球温度)、FT更适合评价生物质的灰熔融特性。灰熔融温度主要依赖于由石英、氧化铁钾、硅酸盐构成的灰熔融体[52]。穆林等[53]研究烟煤分别与海草、梨木、榛子壳、稻秆混燃后发现,当烟煤分别与水生生物质(海草)、草本生物质(稻秆)混燃时灰熔融温度降低,烟煤分别与2种木质生物质混燃时灰熔融温度增加,灰熔融温度随着Na2O的含量增加而降低,随着CaO的含量增加而增加。矿物成分会影响灰的IDT,当MgO、CaO、Fe2O3、Al2O3含量高时IDT会增加,当K2O含量高时IDT会降低。当耐火矿物如石英、次高岭石、莫来石含量高时IDT会增加,当助熔矿物如硬石膏增加时IDT会减少。
Paula等人[54]认为灰熔融度指数(AFI)更能反映煤灰的熔融状态(式(14))。当AFI>1 343 ℃时,轻微结渣;当1 149 ℃<AFI<1 232 ℃时,中等结渣;当AFI<1 149 ℃时,重度结渣。
AFI=4IDT+HT5
也可以用混燃灰黏度评价锅炉结渣特性。灰黏度决定了灰的流动性,灰黏度越低,灰在高温下流动性越好,分布均匀,沉积在受热面上容易被吹走,减少结渣;灰黏度越高,灰在高温下流动性越差,分布不均匀,容易结渣。影响灰黏度的主要成分是SiO2和Al2O3,SiO2含量越高,越容易在高温下形成黏稠的玻璃状物质,黏度越高。Al2O3使煤灰内部结构更加稳定,会增加灰黏度。Al(NO3)3、Al(OH3)和Al2(SO4)3等铝盐随着温度升高会产生气体,降低颗粒之间的黏附性,结渣减轻[55]
现有的黏度预测模型如Dai模型[56]、Mills模型[57]等可以很好地预测高质煤的黏度,但是预测低质煤和生物质灰的效果不理想[58]。Sefidari等人[59]提出一种灰黏性相关的定性结渣指标QSI(见式(15)),QSI值与结渣趋势之间呈正相关,评价木质生物质与煤混燃锅炉的结渣特性效果良好[60]
QSI=ln1μ
式中:μ为灰熔融部分的黏度,Pa·s。
碱性氧化物(Fe2O3、CaO、MgO)会减小灰黏度,酸性氧化物(SiO2、Al2O3)则会增大灰黏度。煤灰的硅比G表示煤灰中SiO2的比例,硅比越高,灰熔点和灰黏度越高。当G>72时,不易结渣;当G<65时,严重结渣。煤灰硅比不适用于混燃锅炉的黏度结渣预测,因为它没考虑煤中Al2O3和生物质灰中K2O、Na2O对黏度的影响。
本文主要分析了煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣特性,并考察了主要影响因素对锅炉结渣特性的影响,探讨了传统燃煤锅炉、生物质锅炉、以及煤与生物质混燃锅炉的结渣指标,从灰成分、灰熔融特性和灰黏度3个方面评估了各评价指标的适用性,得出以下结论。
1)由于生物质和煤在化学成分上的不同以及不同种类生物质特性差异较大,传统的燃煤锅炉结渣评价指标如ST、B/AS/A等并不完全适用于煤和生物质混燃锅炉,需要经过改进以及大量的实验验证才能得到更加合适的标准。
2)煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣问题最主要的诱因就是碱金属氧化物。碱性氧化物指数AI衡量了燃料中的碱性氧化物(K2O+Na2O)含量对结渣倾向的影响,对锅炉结渣特性评价有一定的适用度。
3)灰熔融特性是评价锅炉结渣的重要指标,在表示灰熔融特性的几个状态温度中,初始变形温度比变形温度、软化温度、流动温度更适合作为煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣的评价指标。灰熔融指数AFI更能反映煤灰熔融状态,也可作为煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣评价指标。
4)灰黏度也是煤与生物质混燃锅炉结渣的1个重要影响因素。灰黏度和混燃灰中的氧化物含量密切相关,混燃灰中的SiO2和Al2O3会显著提高灰黏度。黏度对锅炉结渣的影响机理较为复杂,需要更深入的研究。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4202002)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
GABRIELLI P, GAZZANI M, MAZZOTTI M. The role of carbon capture and utilization, carbon capture and storage, and biomass to enable a Net-Zero-CO2 emissions chemical industry[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2020, 59(15): 7033-7045.
[2]
中商情报网. 2023年度中国生物质发电市场现状及结构占比情况分析[EB/OL]. (2024-05-08) [2024-08-28]. https://m.askci.com/news/chanye/20240508/095134271513309372464488.shtml.
ASKCI Consulting Co., Ltd. Analysis of the status quo and structural proportions of the Chinese biomass power generation market in 2023[EB/OL]. (2024-05-08) [2024-08-28]. https://m.askci.com/news/chanye/20240508/095134271513309372464488.shtml.
[3]
VASSILEV S V, VASSILEVA C G, VASSILEV V S. Advantages and disadvantages of composition and properties of biomass in comparison with coal: an overview[J]. Fuel, 2015, 158: 330-350.
[4]
蒋奕锋, 王锋, 薛文华, 等. 生物质与煤混燃特性研究[J]. 能源科技, 2022, 20(5): 44-48.
JIANG Yifeng, WANG Feng, XUE Wenhua, et al. Study on co-combustion characteristics of biomass and coal[J]. Shenhua Science and Technology, 2022, 20(5): 44-48.
[5]
周巍, 王浩帆, 熊晟熙, 等. 煤与生物质耦合燃烧的协同效应[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(2): 279-287.
ZHOU Wei, WANG Haofan, XIONG Shengxi, et al. Synergistic effects of co-combustion of coal and biomass[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(2): 279-287.
[6]
HUANG Y, MCILVEEN-WRIGHT D, REZVANI S, et al. Biomass co-firing in a pressurized fluidized bed combustion (PFBC) combined cycle power plant: A techno-environmental assessment based on computational simulations[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2006, 87(10): 927-934.
[7]
JOZEF V, HANA O, MAREK V, et al. The corrosion effect of fly ash from biomass combustion on and alusite refractory materials[J]. Minerals, 2023, 13(3): 357-357.
[8]
王越明, 刘慧敏, 仇兴雷, 等. 富氧燃烧颗粒物生成和灰沉积特性研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2021, 27(2): 17-30.
WANG Yueming, LIU Huimin, QIU Xinglei, et al. Research progress on the characteristic of particulate matter formation and ash deposition in oxy-fuel combustion[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2021, 27(2): 17-30.
[9]
王行铎, 凌勇. 燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术分析[J]. 中国战略新兴产业, 2024(14): 135-137.
WANG Xingduo, LING Yong. Analysis of biomass power generation technology coupled with coal-fired power units [J]. China Strategic Emerging Industry, 2024 (14): 135-137.
[10]
杨卧龙, 倪煜, 曹泷. 生物质直接混烧技术在燃煤电站的应用研究进展[J]. 可再生能源, 2021, 39(8): 1007-1012.
YANG Wolong, NI Yu, CAO Long. Progress of biomass direct co-firing for coal-fired boilers[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2021, 39(8): 1007-1012.
[11]
高金锴, 佟瑶, 王树才, 等. 生物质燃煤耦合发电技术应用现状及未来趋势[J]. 可再生能源, 2019, 37(4): 501-506.
GAO Jinkai, TONG Yao, WANG Shucai, et al. The current situation and future development tendency of biomass-coal coupling power generation system[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2019, 37(4): 501-506.
[12]
MO W Y, DU K, SUN Y, et al. Technical-economic-environmental analysis of biomass direct and indirect co-firing in pulverized coal boiler in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 426(10): 139119.1-139119.14.
[13]
姚锡文, 刘清华, 齐鹏远, 等. 碱金属迁移转化对生物质灰沾污结渣的影响研究进展[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2024, 24(4): 1388-1395.
YAO Xiwen, LIU Qinghua, QI Pengyuan, et al. Research progress of the influence of alkali metal migration and transformation on biomass ash fouling and slagging[J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2024, 24(4): 1388-1395.
[14]
李琦芬, 任建兴, 潘卫国, 等. 秸秆类生物质燃烧结渣与沉积倾向分析[J]. 上海电力学院学报, 2007(4): 333-336.
LI Qifen, REN Jianxing, PAN Weiguo, et al. Tendency of straw biomass burning slags and deposits[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power, 2007(4): 333-336.
[15]
王赫, 赵斌, 王琪霖, 等. 超临界煤粉锅炉炉膛出口受热面结渣特性分析[J]. 锅炉技术, 2023, 54(3): 10-15.
WANG He, ZHAO Bin, WANG Qilin, et al. Analysis on slagging characteristic of heating surfaces at furnace outlet of supercritical pulverized coal-fired boiler[J]. Boiler Technology, 2023, 54(3): 10-15.
[16]
符慧林, 蔡正春, 周育才, 等. 四角切圆煤粉锅炉结渣原因分析及预防[J]. 电力科学与技术学报, 2012, 27(4): 91-96.
FU Huilin, CAI Zhengchun, ZHOU Yucai, et al. Analysis and prevention of tangentially pulverized coal fired boiler slagging reason[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology, 2012, 27(4): 91-96.
[17]
白杨, 赵勇纲, 徐会军, 等. 准东煤及其混煤燃烧与结渣特性[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2019, 25(6): 132-138.
BAI Yang, ZHAO Yonggang, XU Huijun, et al. Combustion and slagging characteristics of Zhundong coal and blended coals[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2019, 25(6): 132-138.
[18]
伍其威, 胡世豪, 刘婧雯, 等. 准东煤在液态排渣锅炉中的结渣特性和元素迁移规律[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(6): 27-35.
WU Qiwei, HU Shihao, LIU Jingwen, et al. Slagging and element migration characteristics of Zhundong coal in horizontal liquid slag cyclone furnace[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(6): 27-35.
[19]
王天龙, 刘志强, 李路江, 等. 恒温下准东煤粉燃烧特性研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2022, 37(4): 86-93.
WANG Tianlong, LIU Zhiqiang, LI Lujiang, et al. Study on combustion characteristics of Zhundong coal under constant temperature[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2022, 37(4): 86-93.
[20]
WU H B, LIU Z H, CHEN W, et al. Research on the slagging behaviors of Shenhua coal in different combustion atmospheres[J]. Fuel, 2020, 287(1): 118537.
[21]
龚彬. 生物质锅炉受热面沉积机理与腐蚀特性研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2015: 1.
GONG Bin. Mechanism study on deposit build-up and corrosion of heating surfaces in biomass-fired boiler[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2015: 1.
[22]
CHANPIRAK A, WU H, MARSHALL P, et al. An experimental, theoretical, and kinetic modeling study of gas-phase sulfation of KCl[J]. Fuel, 2024, 363: 130974.
[23]
刘宏宇, 张守玉, 宋晓冰, 等. 抗结渣生物质燃料研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2020, 26(1): 22-31.
LIU Hongyu, ZHANG Shouyu, SONG Xiaobing, et al. Advance in the research on slag: resistant biomass briquette preparation[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2020, 26(1): 22-31.
[24]
NIU Y, TAN H, HUI S. Ash-related issues during biomass combustion: alkali-induced slagging, silicate melt-induced slagging (ash fusion), agglomeration, corrosion, ash utilization, and related countermeasures [J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2016, 52: 1-61.
[25]
WANG X, LIU Y, TAN H, et al. Mechanism research on the development of ash deposits on the heating surface of biomass furnaces[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2012, 51(39): 12984-12992.
[26]
FORSBERG C, BROSTRÖM M, BACKMAN R, et al. Principle, calibration, and application of the in situ alkali chloride monitor[J]. The Review of Scientific Instruments, 2009, 80(2): 023104.
[27]
肖军, 段菁春, 王华, 等. 低温热解生物质与煤共燃的结渣、积灰和磨损特性分析[J]. 能源工程, 2003(3): 9-13.
XIAO Jun, DUAN Jingchun, WANG Hua, et al. Research on co-firing of biomass with coal (part three): analysis of slagging fouling and abrasiveness performances[J]. Energy Engineering, 2003(3): 9-13.
[28]
BOSTRÖM D, SKOGLUND N, GRIMM A, et al. Ash transformation chemistry during combustion of biomass[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2012, 26(1): 85-93.
[29]
LV Y, LEI Y, HUI S, et al. Co-firing biomass with coal on ash deposition behavior at various temperatures in a Down-Fired furnace[J]. Fuel, 2024, 364: 131049.
[30]
黄奎霖, 韩奎华, 齐建荟. 煤灰和生物质灰组成及灰熔融温度预测[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2023, 29(2): 126-138.
HUANG Kuilin, HAN Kuihua, QI Jianhui. Composition and ash melting point prediction of coal ash and biomass ash[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2023, 29(2): 126-138.
[31]
陈汉平, 李至, 司耀辉, 等. 煤与生物质混燃灰渣特性分析[J]. 电站系统工程, 2015, 31(3): 1-4.
CHEN Hanping, LI Zhi, SI Yaohui, et al. Characterization of ash from co-combustion of biomass and coal[J]. Power System Engineering, 2015, 31(3): 1-4.
[32]
任俊斌, 李俊国, 张永奇, 等. 生物质与烟煤混合灰熔融特性影响因素的研究[J]. 燃料化学学报, 2017, 45(11): 1317-1322.
REN Junbin, LI Junguo, ZHANG Yongqi, et al. Influence factors for fusion characteristics of mixed ash between biomass and bituminous coal[J]. Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology, 2017, 45(11): 1317-1322.
[33]
周骏. 生物质混煤燃烧过程中K元素的迁移转化规律[D]. 南京: 东南大学, 2021: 1.
ZHOU Jun. Migration and transformation of K element in the process of biomass blended coal combustion[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2021: 1.
[34]
孙强, 麻栋, 陈晓东, 等. 晋城无烟煤气化特性及煤灰流动性调控研究[J]. 煤炭转化, 2021, 44(1): 51-58.
SUN Qiang, MA Dong, CHEN Xiaodong, et al. Research on gasification characteristics and coal ash fluidity regulation of Jincheng anthracite[J]. Coal Conversion, 2021, 44(1): 51-58.
[35]
穆林, 李通, 王震, 等. 藻类和木质生物质与烟煤掺混燃烧结渣特性[J]. 可再生能源, 2022, 40(2): 143-151.
MU Lin, LI Tong, WANG Zhen, et al. Slag formation characteristics of co-combustion of bituminous coal with algae and woody biomass[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2022, 40(2): 143-151.
[36]
陈立军, 文孝强, 王恭, 等. 燃煤锅炉结渣特性预测方法综述[J]. 热力发电, 2006, 35(6): 1-5.
CHEN Lijun, WEN Xiaoqiang, WANG Gong, et al. An overview of prediction methods for slagging characteristics of coal-fired boilers[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2006, 35(6): 1-5.
[37]
岑可法. 锅炉和热交换器的积灰、结渣、磨损和腐蚀的防止原理与计算[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1994: 15.
CEN Kefa. Principles and calculations for preventing ash, slag, wear, and corrosion in boilers and heat exchangers[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 1994: 15.
[38]
刘文胜, 赵虹, 杨建国, 等. 三元相图在配煤结渣特性研究中的应用[J]. 热力发电, 2009, 38(10): 5-10.
LIU Wensheng, ZHAO Hong, YANG Jianguo, et al. Application of three-element phase diagram in study on slagging behavior of blended coal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2009, 38(10): 5-10.
[39]
陈力哲, 吴少华, 孙绍增, 等. 煤燃烧结渣特性判定法及测量设备的研究[J]. 哈尔滨工业大学学报, 2001(2): 197-199.
CHEN Lizhe, WU Shaohua, SUN Shaozeng, et al. Method of evaluating and equipment used for measuring slagging characteristics of coal during combustion[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology, 2001 (2): 197-199.
[40]
邵梅娟, 何惠娟. 用比重分级法来评价煤灰结渣和沾污特性[J]. 锅炉技术, 1991(5): 9-16.
SHAO Meijuan, HE Huijuan. Evaluation of ash fouling and slagging characteristics by specific gravity classification method[J]. Boiler Technology, 1991(5): 9-16.
[41]
聂明, 张艺漫, 张博. 气氛条件对典型煤种结渣特性影响的实验研究[J]. 锅炉制造, 2013(3): 4-8.
NIE Ming, ZHANG Yiman, ZHANG Bo. Experimental study on the influence of the atmosphere conditions on the typical coal slagging characteristics[J]. Boiler Manufacturing, 2013(3): 4-8.
[42]
谢方静, 陈丽霞. 配风方式对某电厂锅炉燃烧及结渣特性的影响[J]. 节能技术, 2014, 32(4): 368-372.
XIE Fangjing, CHEN Lixia. The impact on combustion and slagging with different air distribution methods[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2014, 32(4): 368-372.
[43]
熊辉, 宗涛, 吴元元, 等. 超临界650 MW机组对冲燃烧锅炉结焦防控研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(5): 37-47.
XIONG Hui, ZONG Tao, WU Yuanyuan, et al. Study on coking prevention of supercritical 650 MW opposed firing boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(5): 37-47.
[44]
ÖHMAN M, NORDIN A, SRIFVARS B J, et al. Bed agglomeration characteristics during fluidized bed combustion of biomass fuels[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2000, 14(1): 169-178.
[45]
石炎, 薛聪, 邱宇平. 农林生物质直燃电厂灰渣资源化技术分析与展望[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2019, 36(2): 127-139.
SHI Yan, XUE Cong, QIU Yuping. Analysis and prospect of resource utilization of ash and slag from agroforestry biomass-fired power plants in China[J]. Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, 2019, 36(2): 127-139.
[46]
阎维平, 陈吟颖. TK6生物质燃料结渣特性分析与判别[J]. 华北电力大学学报(自然科学版), 2007(1): 49-54.
YAN Weiping, CHEN Yinying. Study on slagging characteristics of biomass fuels[J]. Journal of North China Electric Power University (Natural Science Edition), 2007(1): 49-54.
[47]
VASSILEV S V, BAXTER D, ANDERSEN L K, et al. An overview of the chemical composition of biomass[J]. Fuel, 2010, 89(5): 913-933.
[48]
张佳凯, 聂立, 岑可法, 等. 生物质秸秆与神府烟煤掺烧结渣特性的在线监测[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2020, 54(10): 1955-1963.
ZHANG Jiakai, NIE Li, CEN Kefa, et al. Experimental study on slagging characteristics during coal and biomass co-combustion with on-line measurement technique[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Engineering Science), 2020, 54(10): 1955-1963.
[49]
陈博文. 生物质与烟煤混燃成渣特性及影响因素研究[D]. 大连: 大连理工大学, 2019: 15.
CHEN Bowen. Study on the slagging characteristics and influence of co-firing biomass and bituminous coal[D]. Dalian: Dalian University of Technology, 2019: 15.
[50]
LUAN C, YOU C F, ZHANG D K. Composition and sintering characteristics of ashes from co-firing of coal and biomass in a laboratory-scale drop tube furnace[J]. Energy, 2014, 69: 562-570.
[51]
NIU Y, TAN H, WANG X, et al. Study on fusion characteristics of biomass ash[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2010, 101(23): 9373-9381.
[52]
NIU Y, DU W, TAN H, et al. Further study on biomass ash characteristics at elevated ashing temperatures: The evolution of K, Cl, S and the ash fusion characteristics[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2013, 129: 642-645.
[53]
穆林, 褚福星, 翟镇德, 等. 生物质与烟煤灰的理化特性及混合灰熔融特性研究[J]. 可再生能源, 2021, 39(1): 1-7.
MU Lin, CHU Fuxing, ZHAI Zhende, et al. Study on physicochemical characteristics of biomass and bituminous coal ash and melting characteristics of mixed ash[J]. Renewable Energy Resources, 2021, 39(1): 1-7.
[54]
TEIXEIRA P, LOPES H, GULYURTLU I, et al. Evaluation of slagging and fouling tendency during biomass co-firing with coal in a fluidized bed[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2012, 39: 192-203.
[55]
OKUIZUMI T, HORIGUCHI G, KAMIYA H, et al. Role of Al-based additives in controlling ash adhesion[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2024, 38(3): 2319-2326.
[56]
DAI B, WU X, ZHANG L. Establishing a novel and yet simple methodology based on the use of modified inclined plane (M-IP) for high-temperature slag viscosity measurement[J]. Fuel, 2018, 233: 299-308.
[57]
KONDRATIEV A, HAYES P C, JAK E. Development of a quasi-chemical viscosity model for fully liquid slags in the Al2O3-CaO-’FeO’-MgO-SiO2 system.: Part 1.: Description of the model and its application to the MgO, MgO-SiO2, Al2O3-MgO and CaO-MgO sub-systems[J]. ISIJ International, 2006, 46(3): 359-367.
[58]
ALAM M T, DAI B, WU X, et al. A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags[J]. Frontiers in Energy, 2021, 15(1): 46-67.
[59]
SEFIDARI H, WIINIKKA H, LINDBLOM B, et al. Comparison of high-rank coals with respect to slagging/deposition tendency at the transfer-chute of iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants: a pilot-scale experimental study accompanied by thermochemical equilibrium modeling and viscosity estimations[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2019, 193: 244-262.
[60]
SEFIDARI H, MA C, FREDRIKSSON C, et al. The effect of co-firing coal and woody biomass upon the slagging/deposition tendency in iron-ore pelletizing grate-kiln plants[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2020, 199: 106254.
2025年第54卷第4期
PDF下载
111
45
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183
  • 接收时间:2024-08-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-04
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2022YFB4202002)
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4202002)
作者信息
    山东大学能源与动力工程学院,山东 济南 250061

通讯作者:

王永征(1967),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为洁净燃烧与新能源利用,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408183
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏