Article(id=1236697120296726934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236697118983909778, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1723132800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772781170200, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772781170200, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772781170200, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772781170200, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236697118983909778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='185', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772781169887, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772781423241, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236698181698900007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236697118983909778, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236698181698900008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236697118983909778, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=12, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236697120573551004, articleId=1236697120296726934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research progress on NOx formation characteristics of coal-fired power plant boilers with ammonia injection, columnId=1213131705389597040, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Technical and economic review, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The experimental data and simulation studies on ammonia co-combustion in coal-fired power plants in recent years are investigated, with a focus on the effect of ammonia fuel on NOx generation. Through experimental observation, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, the spatial distribution of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during combustion is directly observed using high-speed cameras, laser-induced ignition (LII) method, and laser-induced fluorescence (PAH-LIF) method. It finds out that, the generation of NOx during ammonia combustion is significantly higher than that of the conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Reasonable design of ammonia nozzles and selection of appropriate injection positions can significantly reduce the NOx generation. The ammonia blending combustion technology provides a promising approach for achieving low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power plants. Although there are still challenges in the industrial application of large-scale ammonia blending combustion technology, the application prospects of ammonia fuel in coal-fired power plants are broad through continuous experimentation and technological optimization. Future research should continue to focus on the generation and emission of other pollutants during the process of ammonia combustion, and explore in depth the transformation behavior of minerals in coal in the combustion environment, providing theoretical and practical support for the industrialization of ammonia combustion technology.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shuman TIAN, Yuhang LI, Puxuan ZHANG, Zhichao WANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE, Zhonghua JIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236697123870274023, articleId=1236697120296726934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=燃煤电站锅炉掺氨NOx生成特性研究进展, columnId=1213131706056491400, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=技术经济综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

分析了近年来关于燃煤电站掺氨燃烧的实验数据和模拟研究,重点关注氨燃料对NOx生成的影响。通过实验观察、数值模拟和理论分析,运用高速摄像机、激光诱导炽光法(LII)和激光诱导荧光法(PAH-LIF)对燃烧过程中的碳烟和多环芳烃的空间分布进行直接观测,发现氨燃烧过程中NOx的生成显著高于传统碳氢燃料,合理设计氨气喷嘴和选择适当的注入位置可显著降低NOx生成。掺氨燃烧技术为实现燃煤电站的低碳化转型提供了一条具有潜力的途径。尽管目前在大比例掺氨燃烧技术的工业化应用中仍面临挑战,但通过持续的实验和技术优化,氨燃料在燃煤电站中的应用前景广阔。未来的研究应继续关注掺氨燃烧过程中其他污染物的生成与排放,深入探讨煤中矿物质在燃烧环境中的转化行为,为实现氨燃烧技术的产业化提供理论和实践支持。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
车得福(1962),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Q92gChBLDet5zVx0ASU6Og==, magXml=eFKEm0C0gkgBCDafqm2Fiw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Os9hbP+denGt3wvSEFy6HQ==, pdfFileSize=1761355, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=JmygyK6Xf37pGSIsydqLcw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=zgVjl7yPYn/6rZFavqk6vw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

田舒嫚(2001),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,

, authorsList=田舒嫚, 李宇航, 张普选, 王志超, 邓磊, 车得福, 晋中华)}, authors=[Author(id=1236707893572072123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1042032972@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707893647569598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707893572072123, language=EN, stringName=Shuman TIAN, firstName=Shuman, middleName=null, lastName=TIAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707893744038596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707893572072123, language=CN, stringName=田舒嫚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio={"content":"

田舒嫚(2001),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

田舒嫚(2001),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893312025262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893349773999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893362356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1236707893832118989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707893957948117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707893832118989, language=EN, stringName=Yuhang LI, firstName=Yuhang, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894050222809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707893832118989, language=CN, stringName=李宇航, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893312025262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893349773999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893362356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236707893471408820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893483991733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893492380342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])]), Author(id=1236707894134108895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894209606374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894134108895, language=EN, stringName=Puxuan ZHANG, firstName=Puxuan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894268326633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894134108895, language=CN, stringName=张普选, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893312025262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893349773999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893362356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1236707894364795631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894461264631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894364795631, language=EN, stringName=Zhichao WANG, firstName=Zhichao, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894545150717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894364795631, language=CN, stringName=王志超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893471408820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893483991733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893492380342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])]), Author(id=1236707894633231106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894733894409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894633231106, language=EN, stringName=Lei DENG, firstName=Lei, middleName=null, lastName=DENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894809391883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894633231106, language=CN, stringName=邓磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893312025262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893349773999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893362356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1236707894889083663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dfche@mail.xjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707894964581140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894889083663, language=EN, stringName=Defu CHE, firstName=Defu, middleName=null, lastName=CHE, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895044272920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707894889083663, language=CN, stringName=车得福, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893312025262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893349773999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893362356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)])]), Author(id=1236707895136547614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895253988132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707895136547614, language=EN, stringName=Zhonghua JIN, firstName=Zhonghua, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236707895346262828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, authorId=1236707895136547614, language=CN, stringName=晋中华, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893471408820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893483991733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893492380342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236707895497257786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=ammonia fuel), Keyword(id=1236707895581143870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=coal-fired boiler), Keyword(id=1236707895694390087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=ammonia co-firing), Keyword(id=1236707895795053391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=NOx formation), Keyword(id=1236707895870550868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=carbon reduction), Keyword(id=1236707895967019867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=氨燃料), Keyword(id=1236707896042517346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=燃煤锅炉), Keyword(id=1236707897485357929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=掺氨燃烧), Keyword(id=1236707897619575663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=NOx生成), Keyword(id=1236707897732821878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=碳减排)], refs=[Reference(id=1236707900127768595, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=38, issue=17, pageStart=15861, pageEnd=15886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=WANG G, ZHAO J, ZHANG H, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG G, ZHAO J, ZHANG H, et al. Ammonia co-firing with coal: a review of the status and prospects[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2024, 38(17): 15861-15886., articleTitle=Ammonia co-firing with coal: a review of the status and prospects, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707900270374940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=113, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WANG Q, HU Z, SHAO W, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Q, HU Z, SHAO W, et al. The present situation, challenges, and prospects of the application of ammonia-coal co-firing technology in power plant boilers[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2024, 113: 101531., articleTitle=The present situation, challenges, and prospects of the application of ammonia-coal co-firing technology in power plant boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707900371038243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=109, pageEnd=133, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=KOBAYASHI H, HAYAKAWA A, SOMARATHNE K K A, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOBAYASHI H, HAYAKAWA A, SOMARATHNE K K A, et al. Science and technology of ammonia combustion[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37(1): 109-133., articleTitle=Science and technology of ammonia combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707900484284459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=69, issue=null, pageStart=63, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=VALERA-MEDINA A, XIAO H, OWEN-JONES M, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VALERA-MEDINA A, XIAO H, OWEN-JONES M, et al. Ammonia for power[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 69: 63-102., articleTitle=Ammonia for power, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707901952290872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2, issue=10, pageStart=1925, pageEnd=1949, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=SHIH C F, ZHANG T, LI J, journalName=Joule, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHIH C F, ZHANG T, LI J, et al. Powering the future with liquid sunshine[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(10): 1925-1949., articleTitle=Powering the future with liquid sunshine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902061342782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=361, issue=null, pageStart=120, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=SERVICE R F, journalName=Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SERVICE R F. Liquid sunshine[J]. Science, 2018, 361: 120-123., articleTitle=Liquid sunshine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902166200388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=6, pageStart=2876, pageEnd=2886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=司桐, 黄骞, 杨远平, journalName=煤炭学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=司桐, 黄骞, 杨远平, 等. 煤炭掺氨燃烧基础研究与技术应用研究进展[J]. 煤炭学报, 2024, 49(6): 2876-2886., articleTitle=煤炭掺氨燃烧基础研究与技术应用研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902346555469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=6, pageStart=2876, pageEnd=2886, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=SI Tong, HUANG Qian, YANG Yuanping, journalName=Journal of China Coal Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SI Tong, HUANG Qian, YANG Yuanping, et al. Advancements and future outlook in fundamental research and technological applications for ammonia co-firing with coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2024, 49(6): 2876-2886., articleTitle=Advancements and future outlook in fundamental research and technological applications for ammonia co-firing with coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902426247250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=10, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=ELBAZ A M, WANG S, GUIBERTI T F, journalName=Fuel Communications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ELBAZ A M, WANG S, GUIBERTI T F, et al. Review on the recent advances on ammonia combustion from the fundamentals to the applications[J]. Fuel Communications, 2022, 10: 100053., articleTitle=Review on the recent advances on ammonia combustion from the fundamentals to the applications, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902514327638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=5155, pageEnd=5162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=ZHU X, KHATEEB A A, GUIBERTI T F, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU X, KHATEEB A A, GUIBERTI T F, et al. NO and OH* emission characteristics of very-lean to stoichiometric ammonia-hydrogen-air swirl flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4): 5155-5162., articleTitle=NO and OH* emission characteristics of very-lean to stoichiometric ammonia-hydrogen-air swirl flames, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902623379547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=4, pageStart=5163, pageEnd=5170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=SOMARATHNE K D K A, OKAFOR E C, SUGAWARA D, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SOMARATHNE K D K A, OKAFOR E C, SUGAWARA D, et al. Effects of OH concentration and temperature on NO emission characteristics of turbulent non-premixed CH4/NH3/air flames in a two-stage gas turbine like combustor at high pressure[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4): 5163-5170., articleTitle=Effects of OH concentration and temperature on NO emission characteristics of turbulent non-premixed CH4/NH3/air flames in a two-stage gas turbine like combustor at high pressure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902703071331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=41, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=11, authorNames=王志超, 方亮, 贾子秀, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志超, 方亮, 贾子秀, 等. 不同比例氨与煤混燃试验研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(7): 41-47., articleTitle=不同比例氨与煤混燃试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902770180203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=41, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=WANG Zhichao, FANG Liang, JIA Zixiu, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhichao, FANG Liang, JIA Zixiu, et al. Experimental study on co-combustion of different ratios of ammonia with coal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 41-47., articleTitle=Experimental study on co-combustion of different ratios of ammonia with coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707902937952375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=107, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=13, authorNames=LEE E, KEEL S I, KIM M S, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE E, KEEL S I, KIM M S, et al. Behavior of nitrogen oxides in a lab-scale coal ammonia co-firing system[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023, 107: 101174., articleTitle=Behavior of nitrogen oxides in a lab-scale coal ammonia co-firing system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903034421377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ZHANG J, ISHII H, ITO T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, ISHII H, ITO T, et al. Numerical investigation on co-firing ammonia with pulverized coal in boiler[C]// 35th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2018: Clean Coal-Based Energy/Fuels and the Environment. Zuzhou, China, 15-18 October 2018., articleTitle=Numerical investigation on co-firing ammonia with pulverized coal in boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903139278987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=274, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=15, authorNames=ISHIHARA S, ZHANG J, ITO T, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISHIHARA S, ZHANG J, ITO T. Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry on ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: effect of ammonia co-firing ratio on NO emissions[J]. Fuel, 2020, 274: 117742., articleTitle=Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry on ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: effect of ammonia co-firing ratio on NO emissions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903227359377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=201, pageEnd=213, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=16, authorNames=马仑, 方庆艳, 张成, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马仑, 方庆艳, 张成, 等. 深度空气分级下煤粉耦合氨燃烧及NO生成特性[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(3): 201-213., articleTitle=深度空气分级下煤粉耦合氨燃烧及NO生成特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903311245466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=201, pageEnd=213, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=MA Lun, FANG Qingyan, ZHANG Cheng, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Lun, FANG Qingyan, ZHANG Cheng, et al. Combustion and NO formation characteristics of pulverized coal co-firingwith ammonia in a deep-air staging condition[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(3): 201-213., articleTitle=Combustion and NO formation characteristics of pulverized coal co-firingwith ammonia in a deep-air staging condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903399325857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=花田刚, 王铭忠, journalName=热力发电译丛, refType=null, unstructuredReference=花田刚, 王铭忠. 燃煤电厂的平式脱硫脱硝技术[J]. 热力发电译丛, 1991(1): 24-32., articleTitle=燃煤电厂的平式脱硫脱硝技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903474823336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=null, issue=1, pageStart=24, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=19, authorNames=HUA Tiangang, WANG Mingzhong, journalName=Thermal Power Generation Translation Bundle, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUA Tiangang, WANG Mingzhong. Flat desulphurization and denitration technology of coal-fired power plant[J]. Thermal Power Generation Translation Bundle, 1991(1): 24-32., articleTitle=Flat desulphurization and denitration technology of coal-fired power plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903575486642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=181, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=20, authorNames=谭厚章, 周上坤, 杨文俊, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谭厚章, 周上坤, 杨文俊, 等. 氨燃料经济性分析及煤氨混燃研究进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(1): 181-191., articleTitle=氨燃料经济性分析及煤氨混燃研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903692927159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=181, pageEnd=191, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=21, authorNames=TAN Houzhang, ZHOU Shangkun, YANG Wenjun, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN Houzhang, ZHOU Shangkun, YANG Wenjun, et al. Economic analysis of ammonia and research progress of coal-ammonia co-firing[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(1): 181-191., articleTitle=Economic analysis of ammonia and research progress of coal-ammonia co-firing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903797784765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=277, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=22, authorNames=TAMURA M, GOTOU T, ISHII H, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAMURA M, GOTOU T, ISHII H, et al. Experimental investigation of ammonia combustion in a bench scale 1.2 MW-thermal pulverised coal firing furnace[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 277: 115580., articleTitle=Experimental investigation of ammonia combustion in a bench scale 1.2 MW-thermal pulverised coal firing furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707903965556934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=86, issue=null, pageStart=58, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=23, authorNames=OYARZÚN A M, RADOVIC L R, KYOTANI T, journalName=Carbon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OYARZÚN A M, RADOVIC L R, KYOTANI T. An update on the mechanism of the graphene: NO reaction[J]. Carbon, 2015, 86: 58-68., articleTitle=An update on the mechanism of the graphene: NO reaction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904074608848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=84, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=朱江涛, 王勇, 陈灿, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱江涛, 王勇, 陈灿, 等. 高温条件下NH3还原NO实验研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2019, 34(5): 84-90., articleTitle=高温条件下NH3还原NO实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904200437975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=84, pageEnd=90, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHU Jiangtao, WANG Yong, CHEN Can, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Jiangtao, WANG Yong, CHEN Can, et al. Experimental studies on NO reduction by NH3 under high temperature conditions[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, 2019, 34(5): 84-90., articleTitle=Experimental studies on NO reduction by NH3 under high temperature conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904296906972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1999, volume=31, issue=11, pageStart=757, pageEnd=765, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=26, authorNames=MILLER J A, GLARBORG P, journalName=International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MILLER J A, GLARBORG P. Modeling the thermal de-NOx process: Closing in on a final solution[J]. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 1999, 31(11): 757-765., articleTitle=Modeling the thermal de-NOx process: Closing in on a final solution, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904405958882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=32, issue=8, pageStart=89, pageEnd=93, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=27, authorNames=BI D G, ZHANG Z X, ZHANG J, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BI D G, ZHANG Z X, ZHANG J. Experimental study on deep denitration by injecting ammonia into the primary combustion zone and combining with SNCR in PC-boiler[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2017, 32(8): 89-93., articleTitle=Experimental study on deep denitration by injecting ammonia into the primary combustion zone and combining with SNCR in PC-boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904598896875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=8, pageStart=25, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=28, authorNames=汪鑫, 陈钧, 范卫东, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪鑫, 陈钧, 范卫东. 燃煤电站锅炉掺氨燃烧与排放特性综述[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(8): 25-34., articleTitle=燃煤电站锅炉掺氨燃烧与排放特性综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904749891828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=8, pageStart=25, pageEnd=34, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=29, authorNames=WANG Xin, CHEN Jun, FAN Weidong, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xin, CHEN Jun, FAN Weidong. Review on combustion and emission characteristics of coal-fired utility boilers ammonia /coal co-firing[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(8): 25-34., articleTitle=Review on combustion and emission characteristics of coal-fired utility boilers ammonia /coal co-firing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904842166523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=47, issue=83, pageStart=35498, pageEnd=35514, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=30, authorNames=CHEN P, WANG Y, WANG P, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, WANG Y, WANG P, et al. Oxidation mechanism of ammonia-N/coal-N during ammonia-coal co-combustion[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(83): 35498-35514., articleTitle=Oxidation mechanism of ammonia-N/coal-N during ammonia-coal co-combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707904934441220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=237, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=31, authorNames=CHEN P, FANG Y, WANG P, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, FANG Y, WANG P, et al. The effect of ammonia co-firing on NO heterogeneous reduction in the high-temperature reduction zone of coal air-staging combustion: experimental and quantum chemistry study[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 237: 111857., articleTitle=The effect of ammonia co-firing on NO heterogeneous reduction in the high-temperature reduction zone of coal air-staging combustion: experimental and quantum chemistry study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906431807756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=69, issue=null, pageStart=317, pageEnd=330, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=32, authorNames=ZHANG X, GU X, YU J, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG X, GU X, YU J, et al. Combustion characteristics and nitrogen conversion mechanism in ammonia/coal co-firing process[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 69: 317-330., articleTitle=Combustion characteristics and nitrogen conversion mechanism in ammonia/coal co-firing process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906532471057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=336, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=33, authorNames=CHEN P, HUA C, JIANG B, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, HUA C, JIANG B, et al. Influence mechanism of ammonia mixing on NO formation characteristics of pulverized coal combustion and N oxidation in ammonia-N/coal-N[J]. Fuel, 2023, 336: 126813., articleTitle=Influence mechanism of ammonia mixing on NO formation characteristics of pulverized coal combustion and N oxidation in ammonia-N/coal-N, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906670883102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=10, pageStart=3912, pageEnd=3919, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=34, authorNames=陈萍, 蒋博宇, 花昌豪, journalName=煤炭学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈萍, 蒋博宇, 花昌豪, 等. 氧浓度对氨煤混燃高温还原区NH3/煤焦/NO异相还原的影响[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(10): 3912-3919., articleTitle=氧浓度对氨煤混燃高温还原区NH3/煤焦/NO异相还原的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906779935011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=10, pageStart=3912, pageEnd=3919, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=35, authorNames=CHEN Ping, JIANG Boyu, HUA Changhao, journalName=Journal of China Coal Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Ping, JIANG Boyu, HUA Changhao, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration on the heterogeneous reduction of NH3/Char/NO in the high temperature reduction zone during ammonia-coal co-combustion[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(10): 3912-3919., articleTitle=Effect of oxygen concentration on the heterogeneous reduction of NH3/Char/NO in the high temperature reduction zone during ammonia-coal co-combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707906901569833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=231, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=36, authorNames=CHEN P, WANG H, JIANG B, journalName=Fuel Processing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, WANG H, JIANG B, et al. An experimental and theoretical study of NO heterogeneous reduction in the reduction zone of ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: Influence of CO[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2022, 231: 107184., articleTitle=An experimental and theoretical study of NO heterogeneous reduction in the reduction zone of ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: Influence of CO, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907006427438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=220, issue=null, pageStart=107, pageEnd=118, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=37, authorNames=ZHANG H, JIANG X, LIU J, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG H, JIANG X, LIU J. Updated effect of carbon monoxide on the interaction between NO and char bound nitrogen: a combined thermodynamic and kinetic study[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2020, 220: 107-118., articleTitle=Updated effect of carbon monoxide on the interaction between NO and char bound nitrogen: a combined thermodynamic and kinetic study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907211948344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=173, issue=null, pageStart=109, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=38, authorNames=FAN W, WU X, GUO H, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN W, WU X, GUO H, et al. Experimental study on the impact of adding NH3 on NO production in coal combustion and the effects of char, coal ash, and additives on NH3 reducing NO under high temperature[J]. Energy, 2019, 173: 109-120., articleTitle=Experimental study on the impact of adding NH3 on NO production in coal combustion and the effects of char, coal ash, and additives on NH3 reducing NO under high temperature, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907375526208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=5, issue=36, pageStart=23247, pageEnd=23256, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=39, authorNames=CHEN P, WANG D, GU M, journalName=ACS Omega, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, WANG D, GU M, et al. The effect mechanism of fe on coal pyrolysis to NOx precursors: quantum chemical calculations and mass spectrometry experiments[J]. ACS Omega, 2020, 5(36): 23247-23256., articleTitle=The effect mechanism of fe on coal pyrolysis to NOx precursors: quantum chemical calculations and mass spectrometry experiments, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907522326857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=40, authorNames=马雪璐, 张子涵, 解强, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马雪璐, 张子涵, 解强. 量子化学计算在煤炭清洁高效转化微观机制的应用[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(2): 36-47., articleTitle=量子化学计算在煤炭清洁高效转化微观机制的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907652350289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=2, pageStart=36, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=41, authorNames=MA Xuelu, ZHANG Zihan, XIE Qiang, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Xuelu, ZHANG Zihan, XIE Qiang. Application of quantum chemical calculations to the mechanism of clean and efficient coal conversion[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(2): 36-47., articleTitle=Application of quantum chemical calculations to the mechanism of clean and efficient coal conversion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907744624984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=42, authorNames=陈萍, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈萍. 煤燃烧过程中NOx前驱物析出特性及焦炭-NO/N2O异相还原机理研究[D]. 马鞍山: 安徽工业大学, 2020: 1., articleTitle=煤燃烧过程中NOx前驱物析出特性及焦炭-NO/N2O异相还原机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907820122459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=43, authorNames=CHEN Ping, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Ping. Study on the precipitation characteristics of NOx precursor and the heterogeneous reduction mechanism of charn NO/N2O during coal combustion[D]. Maanshan: Anhui University of Technology, 2020: 1., articleTitle=Study on the precipitation characteristics of NOx precursor and the heterogeneous reduction mechanism of charn NO/N2O during coal combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707907966923108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=310, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=44, authorNames=CHEN P, JIANG B, WANG H, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, JIANG B, WANG H, et al. Experimental and theoretical calculations study on heterogeneous reduction of NO by char/NH3 in the reduction zone of ammonia co-firing with pulverized coal: influence of mineral Fe[J]. Fuel, 2022, 310: 122374., articleTitle=Experimental and theoretical calculations study on heterogeneous reduction of NO by char/NH3 in the reduction zone of ammonia co-firing with pulverized coal: influence of mineral Fe, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908067586408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=12, pageStart=4607, pageEnd=4616, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=45, authorNames=汪辉春, 陈萍, 顾明言, journalName=煤炭学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汪辉春, 陈萍, 顾明言, 等. 钙对氨煤混燃高温贫氧区NH协同煤焦还原NO影响机理[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(12): 4607-4616., articleTitle=钙对氨煤混燃高温贫氧区NH协同煤焦还原NO影响机理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908147278186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=12, pageStart=4607, pageEnd=4616, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=46, authorNames=WANG Huichun, CHEN Ping, GU Mingyan, journalName=Journal of China Coal Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Huichun, CHEN Ping, GU Mingyan, et al. Effect mechanism of calcium on NO reduction in high temperature oxygen-lean zone of ammonia-coal co-firing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(12): 4607-4616., articleTitle=Effect mechanism of calcium on NO reduction in high temperature oxygen-lean zone of ammonia-coal co-firing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908231164272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=477, pageEnd=491, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=47, authorNames=YAO Q, LI R, WANG Y, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO Q, LI R, WANG Y, et al. Feasibility analysis of coupling hydrogen-derived fuel on a coal-fired boiler for power generation[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2022, 37(1): 477-491., articleTitle=Feasibility analysis of coupling hydrogen-derived fuel on a coal-fired boiler for power generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908327633270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=370, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=48, authorNames=WANG Y, HE Y, WENG W, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, HE Y, WENG W, et al. Numerical simulation of ammonia combustion with coal in a 135 MW tangentially fired boiler[J]. Fuel, 2024, 370: 131831., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of ammonia combustion with coal in a 135 MW tangentially fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908457656701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=114, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=49, authorNames=WANG X, FAN W, CHEN J, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X, FAN W, CHEN J, et al. Experimental study and kinetic analysis of NO emission characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process with different ammonia injection methods[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2024, 114: 101609., articleTitle=Experimental study and kinetic analysis of NO emission characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process with different ammonia injection methods, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908558320002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=7, pageStart=55, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=50, authorNames=徐静颖, 朱鸿玮, 徐义书, journalName=华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐静颖, 朱鸿玮, 徐义书. 燃煤电站锅炉氨燃烧研究进展及展望[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(7): 55-65., articleTitle=燃煤电站锅炉氨燃烧研究进展及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908654789000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=7, pageStart=55, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=51, authorNames=XU Jingying, ZHU Hongwei, XU Yishu, journalName=Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Jingying, ZHU Hongwei, XU Yishu. Research progress and prospect of ammonia cofiring in utility coal-fired boiler[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(7): 55-65., articleTitle=Research progress and prospect of ammonia cofiring in utility coal-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908759646606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=52, authorNames=YAMAMOTO A, KIMOTO M, OZAWA Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAMAMOTO A, KIMOTO M, OZAWA Y, et al. Basic co-firing characteristics of ammonia with pulverized coal in a single burner test furnace[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 AIChE Annual Meeting, F, 2018: 1., articleTitle=Basic co-firing characteristics of ammonia with pulverized coal in a single burner test furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908860309905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=266, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=53, authorNames=ISHIHARA S, ZHANG J, ITO T, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISHIHARA S, ZHANG J, ITO T. Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry of effect of ammonia co-firing on NO emissions in a coal-fired boiler[J]. Fuel, 2020, 266: 116924., articleTitle=Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry of effect of ammonia co-firing on NO emissions in a coal-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707908960973206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=3217, pageEnd=3225, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=54, authorNames=TAN J, HE Y, ZHU R, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN J, HE Y, ZHU R, et al. Experimental study on co-firing characteristics of ammonia with pulverized coal in a staged combustion drop tube furnace[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2023, 39(3): 3217-3225., articleTitle=Experimental study on co-firing characteristics of ammonia with pulverized coal in a staged combustion drop tube furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909053247898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=244, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=55, authorNames=JIANG Y, LEE B H, OH D H, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Y, LEE B H, OH D H, et al. Influence of various air-staging on combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a tangentially fired boiler under the 50% load condition[J]. Energy, 2022, 244: 123167., articleTitle=Influence of various air-staging on combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a tangentially fired boiler under the 50% load condition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909158105505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=24, issue=3, pageStart=1573, pageEnd=1583, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=56, authorNames=FAN W, LIN Z, LI Y, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN W, LIN Z, LI Y, et al. Effect of temperature on NO release during the combustion of coals with different ranks[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(3): 1573-1583., articleTitle=Effect of temperature on NO release during the combustion of coals with different ranks, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707909271351716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=30, issue=3, pageStart=1675, pageEnd=1684, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=57, authorNames=LI Y, FAN W, WANG Y, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Y, FAN W, WANG Y, et al. Characteristics of char gasification in staged oxygen-enriched combustion in a down flame furnace[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(3): 1675-1684., articleTitle=Characteristics of char gasification in staged oxygen-enriched combustion in a down flame furnace, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912643572135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=111, pageEnd=120, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=58, authorNames=FAN W, LIN Z, LI Y, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN W, LIN Z, LI Y, et al. Effect of air-staging on anthracite combustion and NOx formation[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23(1): 111-120., articleTitle=Effect of air-staging on anthracite combustion and NOx formation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912731652520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=87, issue=6, pageStart=723, pageEnd=731, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=59, authorNames=LI S, XU T, SUN P, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S, XU T, SUN P, et al. NOx and SOx emissions of a high sulfur self-retention coal during air-staged combustion[J]. Fuel, 2008, 87(6): 723-731., articleTitle=NOx and SOx emissions of a high sulfur self-retention coal during air-staged combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912874258863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=179, issue=9, pageStart=1923, pageEnd=1935, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=60, authorNames=COSTA M, AZEVEDO J, journalName=Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=COSTA M, AZEVEDO J. Experimental characterization of an industrial pulverized coal-fired furnace under deep staging conditions[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2007, 179(9): 1923-1935., articleTitle=Experimental characterization of an industrial pulverized coal-fired furnace under deep staging conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707912970727862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=90, issue=1, pageStart=126, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=61, authorNames=MUNIR S, NIMMO W, GIBBS B, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MUNIR S, NIMMO W, GIBBS B. The effect of air staged, co-combustion of pulverised coal and biomass blends on NOx emissions and combustion efficiency[J]. Fuel, 2011, 90(1): 126-135., articleTitle=The effect of air staged, co-combustion of pulverised coal and biomass blends on NOx emissions and combustion efficiency, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913125917112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=91, issue=6, pageStart=625, pageEnd=634, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=62, authorNames=FAN W, LIN Z, KUANG J, journalName=Fuel Processing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FAN W, LIN Z, KUANG J, et al. Impact of air staging along furnace height on NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2010, 91(6): 625-634., articleTitle=Impact of air staging along furnace height on NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913234969021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=37, issue=1, pageStart=725, pageEnd=736, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=63, authorNames=WANG J, FAN W, LI Y, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J, FAN W, LI Y, et al. The effect of air staged combustion on NOx emissions in dried lignite combustion[J]. Energy, 2012, 37(1): 725-736., articleTitle=The effect of air staged combustion on NOx emissions in dried lignite combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913339826622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=3070, pageEnd=3077, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=64, authorNames=陈静怡, 杨卫娟, 史鹏聖, journalName=中国环境科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈静怡, 杨卫娟, 史鹏聖, 等. 氨再燃过程中NO还原及再生成机理[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3070-3077., articleTitle=氨再燃过程中NO还原及再生成机理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913503404485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=3070, pageEnd=3077, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=65, authorNames=CHEN Jingyi, YANG Weijuan, SHI Pengsheng, journalName=China Environmental Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Jingyi, YANG Weijuan, SHI Pengsheng, et al. Mechanism of NO reduction and regeneration in ammonia reburning process[J]. China Environmental Science, 2024, 44(6): 3070-3077., articleTitle=Mechanism of NO reduction and regeneration in ammonia reburning process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913629233612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=332, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=66, authorNames=WANG X, FAN W, CHEN J, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X, FAN W, CHEN J, et al. Experimental study on effects of air-staged strategy and NH3 co-firing ratios on NO formation characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process[J]. Fuel, 2023, 332: 126217., articleTitle=Experimental study on effects of air-staged strategy and NH3 co-firing ratios on NO formation characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913746674131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=139, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=67, authorNames=刘晓倩, 刘银河, 吕强, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘晓倩, 刘银河, 吕强. 准东煤在O2/H2O/CO2气氛下脱挥发分过程焦炭结构演化特性研究[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(1): 139-149., articleTitle=准东煤在O2/H2O/CO2气氛下脱挥发分过程焦炭结构演化特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707913851531735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=139, pageEnd=149, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=68, authorNames=LIU Xiaoqian, LIU Yinhe, LYU Qiang, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Xiaoqian, LIU Yinhe, LYU Qiang. Study on structure evolution characteristics of Zhundong coal char during devolatilization in O2/H2O/CO2 atmosphere[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(1): 139-149., articleTitle=Study on structure evolution characteristics of Zhundong coal char during devolatilization in O2/H2O/CO2 atmosphere, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915378258396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=69, authorNames=朱生刚, 姚鑫, 崔立明, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱生刚, 姚鑫, 崔立明, 等. 典型高碱煤灰对氨煤混燃中氨氧化反应特性的影响[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(5): 65-71., articleTitle=典型高碱煤灰对氨煤混燃中氨氧化反应特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915478921694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=70, authorNames=ZHU Shenggang, YAO Xin, CUI Liming, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Shenggang, YAO Xin, CUI Liming, et al. Effects of high-alkali coal ash on NOx formation characteristics during ammonia and coal co-firing process[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(5): 65-71., articleTitle=Effects of high-alkali coal ash on NOx formation characteristics during ammonia and coal co-firing process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915600556518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=45, pageStart=17293, pageEnd=17310, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=71, authorNames=LYU Q, WANG R, DU Y, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LYU Q, WANG R, DU Y, et al. Numerical study on coal/ammonia co-firing in a 600 MW utility boiler[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(45): 17293-17310., articleTitle=Numerical study on coal/ammonia co-firing in a 600 MW utility boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915701219816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=193, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=72, authorNames=牛涛, 张文振, 刘欣, journalName=洁净煤技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=牛涛, 张文振, 刘欣, 等. 燃煤锅炉氨煤混合燃烧工业尺度试验研究[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(3): 193-200., articleTitle=燃煤锅炉氨煤混合燃烧工业尺度试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915818660332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=28, issue=3, pageStart=193, pageEnd=200, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=73, authorNames=NIU Tao, ZHANG Wenzhen, LIU Xin, journalName=Clean Coal Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIU Tao, ZHANG Wenzhen, LIU Xin, et al. Industrial-scale experimental investigation of ammonia-coal cofiring in coal-fired boiler[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(3): 193-200., articleTitle=Industrial-scale experimental investigation of ammonia-coal cofiring in coal-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707915940295151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=581, pageEnd=589, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=74, authorNames=KIMOTO M, YAMAMOTO A, OZAWA Y, journalName=Applicability of ammonia co-firing technology in pulverized coal-fired boilers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KIMOTO M, YAMAMOTO A, OZAWA Y, et al. Applicability of ammonia co-firing technology in pulverized coal-fired boilers[M]. CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier: Japan’s Insights. Springer. 2022: 581-589., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916074512886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=75, authorNames=ISHII H, OHNO E, KOZAKI T, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ISHII H, OHNO E, KOZAKI T, et al. Co-firing method of pulverized coal and ammonia for suppressing the NOx generation[C]//Proceedings of the 23rd National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems, JSME, F, 2018., articleTitle=Co-firing method of pulverized coal and ammonia for suppressing the NOx generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236707916166787577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=267, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=76, authorNames=ZHANG J, ITO T, ISHII H, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, ITO T, ISHII H, et al. Numerical investigation on ammonia co-firing in a pulverized coal combustion facility: effect of ammonia co-firing ratio[J]. Fuel, 2020, 267: 117166., articleTitle=Numerical investigation on ammonia co-firing in a pulverized coal combustion facility: effect of ammonia co-firing ratio, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236707899775448057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, awardId=2023YFB4005704, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB4005704), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236707899884498946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, awardId=2023YFB4005704, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005704), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236707893312025262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893349773999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893362356912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893312025262, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236707893471408820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893483991733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236707893492380342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, companyId=1236707893471408820, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236707897997063045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structure of the ammonia oxidation-reduction reaction, figureFileSmall=8GFpZD6+2oKg3lBBcppUow==, figureFileBig=6zNPu3ICWbmYo+WLaLPcew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898097726347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图1, caption=氨氧化还原反应结构, figureFileSmall=8GFpZD6+2oKg3lBBcppUow==, figureFileBig=6zNPu3ICWbmYo+WLaLPcew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898219361172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Homogeneous oxidation pathways of NH3 and O2, figureFileSmall=BM6RZkJsMA/FhbKKfMdTKg==, figureFileBig=JGcOkRHjOhYzEBbmesa5Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898336801694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图2, caption=NH3和O2的均相氧化路径, figureFileSmall=BM6RZkJsMA/FhbKKfMdTKg==, figureFileBig=JGcOkRHjOhYzEBbmesa5Vg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898462630825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Non-homogeneous oxidation mechanism of NH3, char, and O2 (kJ/mol), figureFileSmall=DklPaXtOv8k55C3kpJSrOQ==, figureFileBig=ESy57V3om8SeYgz0ZORrEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898554905521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图3, caption=NH3/焦炭/O2非均相氧化机理(kJ/mol), figureFileSmall=DklPaXtOv8k55C3kpJSrOQ==, figureFileBig=ESy57V3om8SeYgz0ZORrEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898672346044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Non-homogeneous reduction of NO by desulfurization with NH3 in a high-temperature reducing atmosphere, figureFileSmall=M6OHqwlfUkCq+Ys6Z9ZMlA==, figureFileBig=LNToFJw3pFbz3Ns5c7PAiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898781397956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图4, caption=脱矿炭与NH3在高温还原气氛中非均相还原NO, figureFileSmall=M6OHqwlfUkCq+Ys6Z9ZMlA==, figureFileBig=LNToFJw3pFbz3Ns5c7PAiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898890449863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Mechanism of NO reduction without CO addition, figureFileSmall=nuIWVHu2bXyZzB2GLa1+Sg==, figureFileBig=ec8upxYDpFfXmzuiPwEeRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707898978530251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图5, caption=无添加CO的情况下NO还原机理, figureFileSmall=nuIWVHu2bXyZzB2GLa1+Sg==, figureFileBig=ec8upxYDpFfXmzuiPwEeRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899083387855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Schematic diagram of a nozzle, figureFileSmall=JE9+52Imzf64QAo4f/WoqA==, figureFileBig=APGbBXm/jMRXWi1r5eahQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899213411285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图6, caption=喷嘴示意, figureFileSmall=JE9+52Imzf64QAo4f/WoqA==, figureFileBig=APGbBXm/jMRXWi1r5eahQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899406349282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Typical variations of NO, CO2, CO, and H2S concentrationswith the axial distance in a burner, figureFileSmall=GJS+2hWvDooA5EGoFK0NQQ==, figureFileBig=X9ERIPTUWP1W9L8XZ2NpEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707899511206890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697120296726934, language=CN, label=图7, caption=NO、CO2、CO和H2S体积分数随燃烧器轴向距离的典型变化趋势, figureFileSmall=GJS+2hWvDooA5EGoFK0NQQ==, figureFileBig=X9ERIPTUWP1W9L8XZ2NpEw==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
燃煤电站锅炉掺氨NOx生成特性研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
田舒嫚 1 , 李宇航 1, 2 , 张普选 1 , 王志超 2 , 邓磊 1 , 车得福 1 , 晋中华 2
热力发电 | 技术经济综述 2025,54(4): 1-12
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 技术经济综述 2025, 54(4): 1-12
燃煤电站锅炉掺氨NOx生成特性研究进展
全屏
田舒嫚1 , 李宇航1, 2, 张普选1, 王志超2, 邓磊1, 车得福1 , 晋中华2
作者信息
  • 1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 田舒嫚(2001),女,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,

通讯作者:

车得福(1962),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,
Research progress on NOx formation characteristics of coal-fired power plant boilers with ammonia injection
Shuman TIAN1 , Yuhang LI1, 2, Puxuan ZHANG1, Zhichao WANG2, Lei DENG1, Defu CHE1 , Zhonghua JIN2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196
文章导航
收藏切换

分析了近年来关于燃煤电站掺氨燃烧的实验数据和模拟研究,重点关注氨燃料对NOx生成的影响。通过实验观察、数值模拟和理论分析,运用高速摄像机、激光诱导炽光法(LII)和激光诱导荧光法(PAH-LIF)对燃烧过程中的碳烟和多环芳烃的空间分布进行直接观测,发现氨燃烧过程中NOx的生成显著高于传统碳氢燃料,合理设计氨气喷嘴和选择适当的注入位置可显著降低NOx生成。掺氨燃烧技术为实现燃煤电站的低碳化转型提供了一条具有潜力的途径。尽管目前在大比例掺氨燃烧技术的工业化应用中仍面临挑战,但通过持续的实验和技术优化,氨燃料在燃煤电站中的应用前景广阔。未来的研究应继续关注掺氨燃烧过程中其他污染物的生成与排放,深入探讨煤中矿物质在燃烧环境中的转化行为,为实现氨燃烧技术的产业化提供理论和实践支持。

氨燃料  /  燃煤锅炉  /  掺氨燃烧  /  NOx生成  /  碳减排

The experimental data and simulation studies on ammonia co-combustion in coal-fired power plants in recent years are investigated, with a focus on the effect of ammonia fuel on NOx generation. Through experimental observation, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis, the spatial distribution of soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during combustion is directly observed using high-speed cameras, laser-induced ignition (LII) method, and laser-induced fluorescence (PAH-LIF) method. It finds out that, the generation of NOx during ammonia combustion is significantly higher than that of the conventional hydrocarbon fuels. Reasonable design of ammonia nozzles and selection of appropriate injection positions can significantly reduce the NOx generation. The ammonia blending combustion technology provides a promising approach for achieving low-carbon transformation of coal-fired power plants. Although there are still challenges in the industrial application of large-scale ammonia blending combustion technology, the application prospects of ammonia fuel in coal-fired power plants are broad through continuous experimentation and technological optimization. Future research should continue to focus on the generation and emission of other pollutants during the process of ammonia combustion, and explore in depth the transformation behavior of minerals in coal in the combustion environment, providing theoretical and practical support for the industrialization of ammonia combustion technology.

ammonia fuel  /  coal-fired boiler  /  ammonia co-firing  /  NOx formation  /  carbon reduction
田舒嫚, 李宇航, 张普选, 王志超, 邓磊, 车得福, 晋中华. 燃煤电站锅炉掺氨NOx生成特性研究进展. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (4) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196
Shuman TIAN, Yuhang LI, Puxuan ZHANG, Zhichao WANG, Lei DENG, Defu CHE, Zhonghua JIN. Research progress on NOx formation characteristics of coal-fired power plant boilers with ammonia injection[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (4) : 1 -12 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196
我国是世界上最大的碳排放国,在“双碳”目标的背景下,通过掺烧无碳燃料或氢衍生物替代燃料及碳捕集等处理,实现煤电低碳化燃烧,是我国构建清洁低碳安全高效新型能源体系的主要环节。在全球积极部署碳减排的背景下,将低碳或零碳替代燃料与煤混合燃烧从燃料侧实现低碳化燃烧是当前煤电机组改造中最优的一种方法[1-2]
目前,国内外正在积极部署并实施火电厂氨煤混燃发电的相关研究。日本《第六版能源基本计划》提出在发电领域推广普及氢能和氨能的利用,到2030年实现燃气发电30%混氢燃烧或纯氢燃烧、燃煤发电20%混氨燃烧。美国麻省理工大学的学者在中试规模台架中进行了氨和煤的掺烧试验和计算,研究了掺氨比例(质量比0~80%)对炉内温度场、传热过程、碳排放、NOx生成等的影响。国家能源集团烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司40 MW工业尺度实验锅炉中实现了35%比例的氨煤混烧;合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院和安徽省能源集团有限公司在国电铜陵发电有限公司300 MW四角切圆燃烧方式锅炉完成了掺氨燃烧技术工程应用示范,实现了100 MW负荷下掺氨比例35%(热量比)的锅炉安全平稳运行;西安热工研究院有限公司建设并完成4 MW煤掺氨燃烧中试示范平台,在国内首次成功实现兆瓦级全比例(掺氨比例0~100%)煤掺氨燃烧技术试验研究;神华广东国华粤电台山发电有限公司完成了600 MW四角切圆燃烧方式机组掺氨工程示范。本文综述了燃煤锅炉掺氨燃烧存在的问题,重点从污染侧出发,阐明了氨燃料的特殊性,燃煤电站掺氨燃烧NOx生成特性。为后续实现低NOx氨煤混燃提供思路。
氨作为1种无碳富氢化合物,能直接燃烧,是类似H2的新型零碳替代燃料[3-6]。氨作为燃料有以下优势。
1)属于无碳燃料,燃烧后不含有来自碳元素的CO、CO2以及可燃物CnHm
2)能量密度为18.8 MJ/kg,与化石燃料相当,氨比空气轻,可燃范围的下限值高于其他可燃气体。
3)氨在水中易溶解,其水溶液呈弱碱性,因此在一些设备清理中可以使用水吸收除去氨。
4)氨的液化压力较低便于运输,目前氨的储存和运输都较为成熟,每年约有1.8亿吨氨被生产和运输。
研究高效低氮的氨燃烧技术可为能源行业的发展提供新的方向。氨燃料在应用时面临的问题集中在安全方面、主要设备方面以及机组整体方面,其中安全方面指氨是有毒且具有可燃性的气体,常温常压下无色,带有刺激性气味,低浓度下可闻到气味,氨比空气轻,可燃范围的下限值高于其他可燃气体,一旦泄漏到空气中会向上方扩散[7];主要设备及机组整体的影响指现有火力发电厂使用氨时对氨接收、储存、供应、燃烧、环境设施等主要设备产生的影响以及相关问题、以及对机组热效率等给机组整体带来的影响及相关问题[3,8]
目前,氨燃料在不同条件下燃烧时反应机理,污染物生成机理,尚未明确,因此合理的组织燃烧方式仍需进一步探索。此外,氨与天然气或煤部分替代的混烧技术在安全、高效和低氮方面仍存在不足,导致氨燃料尚未达到实际应用的程度。
氨是由氢和氮构成的化合物,其燃烧过程会生成NOx。与传统燃料比较,氨的热值较低,其最佳空燃比条件下的绝热火焰温度比甲烷低约150 ℃,层流燃烧速度较慢,而可燃极限则较高。这些特性说明氨的燃烧性能不及传统燃料,且有学者指出氨的燃烧强度与NOx生成量之间呈正相关。这是因为氨燃烧所产生的NO与O/H自由基池有关,而活跃的O/H自由基池需要强烈的燃烧过程维持。研究结果还发现,氨火焰中NO与OH的分布呈现出高度的相关性[9-10],充分验证了NO生成与燃烧过程高度耦合的关系。目前针对氨气燃烧及其NOx排放特性的研究多集中在燃气轮机的应用上,且主要涉及气体燃料。因此,在如何保持氨较高反应性的同时控制NOx的生成量是实现氨煤混燃的难题之一。
目前,氨在火电站的用途主要停留在脱硝还原剂,尚未用作燃料,其作为脱硝剂时的消耗量要低于燃料。氨作为燃料使用时,最大的问题在于氨中的氮成分会在燃烧过程中生成NOx,从而导致NOx排放量增加[11]
对于氨煤混燃的低氮燃烧,Lee等人[12]建立了5 kW级的氨煤共燃系统,通过实验观察和测量了燃烧过程中的气体温度和各种气体组分的浓度。连续监测燃烧气体NO、CO、CO2、O2以及N2O的浓度,研究了燃烧气体的特性和环境性质。Zhang等人[13]采用计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟煤粉燃烧装置(10 MW),评价氨共燃烧对燃烧、传热和NOx排放特性的影响。
Ishihara等人[14]使用反应器网络模型来研究NH3共燃煤燃烧过程中的NOx排放特性。通过模拟NH3与燃烧空气或火焰区域的混合,以及NH3注入火焰区域的情况,研究了不同情况下NOx在燃烧过程中的生成和分布。结果表明,NH3共燃煤燃烧可以降低NOx排放,特别是在NH3注入火焰区域的情况下,可以显著降低NOx浓度。这是由于火焰区域的NH3浓度较高,导致NOx生成较少;同时,NH3的注入也降低了火焰区域的温度,减少了热力型NOx的生成。
对于氨煤混燃的低氮燃烧技术,一些学者研究了在深度空气分级条件下,煤粉耦合氨燃烧及NO生成的特性。马仑等[15]通过对某20 kW中试规模的沉降炉进行数值模拟,探究了不同参数条件下的燃烧特性和NO排放情况。
综上所述,在燃煤锅炉中氨煤混合燃烧能够减少NOx的排放,尤其是将NH3注入火焰区时,NOx浓度可得到显著降低。此外,NH3的注入降低了火焰区的温度,从而减少了热力型NOx的形成。通过合理控制掺氨比例,同样能够降低NOx排放量。因此,采用NH3共燃煤燃烧的方法,可以同时实现低CO2和低NOx排放的效果。
燃煤电厂已经在选择性催化还原(SCR)和选择性非催化还原(SNCR)技术中广泛使用NH3[16]。通过合理组织氨煤混燃可以用逃逸的NH3与烟气中的NOx发生化学反应,将其还原为N2和H2O,从而降低NOx的排放量。为燃煤电站大规模掺烧NH3控制污染物提供新思路。此外,在风光发电高峰期,经过深度调峰改造的燃煤电厂将处于低负荷运行状态,从而减少CO2排放;在风光发电低谷期,通过将NH3与煤炭混合燃烧,也能有效控制CO2的总排放量[17]
为了减少CO2排放。Tamura等人[18]设计了不同的NH3喷枪,并在1个容量为1.2 MW的燃煤锅炉上进行了实验。评估了不同喷枪的NH3共燃性能,包括烟气性质和火焰观察。通过测量氮氧化物和未燃碳的排放情况,发现使用特定的喷枪设计可以实现较低的NOx排放和未燃碳含量。此外,还进行了数值模拟,研究了NH3喷枪周围的流场情况,以进一步了解NH3注入的影响。发现通过合理设计的喷枪可以实现纯NH3燃烧,并且可以实现零CO2排放。但氨在消耗过程中,会与各种自由基发生反应。氨中的氮分子由1个氮原子和3个氢原子单键连接构成,与大气中广泛存在的氮分子相比反应性极强,因此在直接燃烧的过程中,一旦接触氧,就很容易产生NOx
Oyarzún等人[19]通过量子化学研究了NO单体或二聚体与1个或多个石墨烯的锯齿位点的相互作用,解决了石墨烯与NO反应机制的问题,为研究燃煤掺氨NO的还原机制提供了思路。燃煤过程中添加NH3对NO产生的影响以及煤炭燃烧中的焦炭、煤灰和添加剂对NH3还原NO的影响对指导实现电站锅炉大比例掺氨具有重大意义。过去很少有关于在炉内实现深度NO还原的先进空气分级燃烧(AASC)的研究。朱江涛等[20]针对高温条件下NH3还原NO的反应进行了实验研究和机理分析,发现在合适的高温条件下,NH3仍然能够有效地还原NO,突破了传统SNCR技术对O2浓度和温度条件的限制。在氧化性气氛下,脱硝效率随温度的升高呈现先增加后减小的趋势,温度约1 000 ℃时达到最大值。氧浓度的提高在温度较低时可以提高脱硝效率,但在温度较高时会降低脱硝效率。而在还原性气氛下,脱硝效率随温度的变化存在1个临界点,约为1 000 ℃。低于该临界温度时,NH3对NO几乎没有还原作用,而当温度超过临界温度后,脱硝效率迅速增加至最高值,之后变化不大。Miller等人[21]通过实验和模拟,探讨了热脱硝过程中关键反应的速率系数和分支比例,并与实验数据进行了比较,发现热脱硝过程中的关键反应包括NH2和NO的反应以及NNH的生成和分解反应。对于理解和优化热脱硝技术具有重要意义。为解决如何降低煤粉锅炉的NOx排放的问题,Bi等人[22]通过在煤粉锅炉的主燃区喷入氨还原剂,结合SNCR技术,实现对NOx深度减排。
通过认识NH3掺烧过程中的NOx生成与还原机理,可为在工业锅炉或大型电站锅炉中掺烧氨气提供实验室的基础理论研究。在燃烧过程中,氮的存在主要以煤中的化合物形式存在,这些化合物在燃烧过程中会释放出氮气和其他氮化物,具体如图1[23]所示。由图1可见,当氨被引入到燃烧系统中时,可通过多种路径参与到NO的生成过程中。
为了揭示氨煤共燃过程中NH3和煤氮的氧化机理,Chen等人[24]通过使用过渡态理论计算了温度为1 373~1 973 K的每个步骤的速率常数,研究发现,NH3和NO的反应过程可以分为均相反应(图2)和异相反应(图3)2个阶段。由图2图3可知:均相反应中,NH3首先与O/OH等自由基反应生成NH2或NH,然后再与NO发生还原反应;异相反应中,NH3和NO在炭黑表面发生还原反应。文献[25-26]通过波函数分析和过渡态理论发现在NH3和O2的均相氧化过程中,首先形成了NH2和NH 2种自由基;然后NH2和NH进一步与氧化自由基发生氧化反应。
为实现低氮燃烧,Chen等人[27]通过实验、表征测试和量子化学理论计算相结合的方法,进一步探索了氨煤共燃过程中氮氧化机制。通过高温炉实验、XPS测试和量子化学理论的计算,发现温度和氨混合比对NO生成有显著影响。当燃烧温度为1 200 ℃时,随着氨混合比从20%增加到40%再增加到60%,NO产量逐渐增加;当燃烧温度高于1 300 ℃时,随着氨混合比的增加,NO产量先增加后减少。
XPS测试表明,温度为1 200 ℃时,氨煤共燃产生的炭中含氮量高于纯煤燃烧产生的炭,说明氨中的氮原子可以被吸附或嵌入炭中。理论计算进一步揭示了氨煤共燃体系中氨基团可以通过不同途径被氧化生成NO、NO2和HNO。实验数据和理论计算都证实了NO是主要的氧化产物。此外,氨基团可以在不同吸附机制的影响下稳定存在于炭表面,与表征测试结果一致。这项研究为深入理解氨煤共燃中氮迁移和转化机制奠定了基础,为开发保证氨煤共燃低氮燃烧方法提供了理论支持。在异相反应中,高温还原气氛下,NH3与脱矿炭共同还原NO的效率(图4)随着NSR(NH3与NO的摩尔比)的增加而增加。由图4可见:NSR达到1.5时,进一步增加NSR对NO的还原效率没有显著影响;NSR大于1.5时,脱矿炭和NH3对NO的还原达到饱和状态[28]。温度和氧浓度对NH3/焦炭/NO异相还原反应也有显著影响。研究结果表明,焦炭能够促进NH3还原NO的效率,并且将最佳反应温度拓宽到更高温度范围。在煤燃烧锅炉还原区中,CO与氨在NO还原中具有协同效应。在焦炭/NH/CO/NO系统中,由于H原子产生的富氢环境削弱了N—C键的能量,从而促进了NO的异相还原。然而,CO占据了焦炭表面的活性位点,抑制了焦炭/NH/CO/NO系统中的NO异相还原。CO提高了NH3/焦炭/NO系统中的NO还原效率。
在高温炉实验和理论计算中,CO在焦炭表面上对NH的异相还原起着不同的作用。这是因为氨和CO在氨和煤共燃中对NO的均相还原速率大于CO协同焦炭的异相还原速率[29]。而在无添加CO的情况下,Zhang等人[30]对NO还原的机理以及可能的反应路径进行了详细的研究,具体如图5所示。通过热力学分析和动力学参数计算,得出了不同温度下各个反应步骤的能垒和速率常数。发现存在3个可能的反应通道,分别是路径1(黑色)、路径2(红色)和路径3(蓝色)。路径1中,NO首先与表面发生吸附反应,然后发生氧迁移和环结构形成,最后生成CO;路径2中,NO吸附后发生CO的脱附反应,生成CO2和N2;路径3中,NO吸附后发生氧迁移和表面结构变化,最终生成CO2和N2
研究煤炭热解过程中氮化合物的转化机制有助于理解NOx生成机制并控制NOx排放。煤炭中的矿物质对热解起催化作用,会影响NH3和HCN等小分子氮化合物的生成。
过去很少有关于在炉内实现深度NO还原的AASC的研究。Fan等人[31]使用固定床反应器来揭示在AASC过程的还原区注入氨气对NO还原的作用,使用了煤炭、焦炭和炉内煤灰作为样品,研究了在煤炭燃烧过程中注入NH3对NO生成的影响,注入NH3的NO还原特性,以及焦炭和煤灰或某些添加剂(Fe2O3、Fe3O4、CuO、Cu2O、MnO等)在还原气氛下的耦合效应。
研究表明,O2的存在对NH3还原NO不利。不同焦炭的异相还原NO效率高于纯气体中的NH3。NH3的添加可以进一步增强焦炭和NO的反应。煤灰明显增加了NH3还原NO的能力。不同煤灰的促进脱氮效果遵循Fe2O3、CaO和MgO含量的相同顺序。Fe2O3、Fe3O4和Cu2O对NH3还原NO具有一定的促进作用,而MnO和CuO则显示出负面效应。
Chen等人[32]通过密度泛函理论(DFT)和热重-质谱联用技术,深入分析了Fe对NH3和HCN生成的影响机制,一方面发现Fe增加了N5表面的Mulliken电荷密度,提高了NH3生成的速控步能垒值,从而抑制了NH3的生成[33];另一方面Fe显著增强了σN5—C6和πN5—C6之间的键合能,增加了从吡啶环中剥离N的活化能(比无Fe时高约69.14 kJ/mol),从而抑制了HCN的生成[34]。矿物质Fe对NH3和浸渍铁煤焦炭共同还原NO的效率也随着NSR的增加而增加[35]。当NSR达到1.5时,进一步增加NSR对NO的异相还原效率没有显著影响。温度在1 000~1 400 ℃,NO的还原效率随温度的增加而增加。然而,随着温度的进一步增加,NO的还原效率先下降后上升。这是因为矿物质Fe在高温下增强了NH或NN基团与焦炭表面的结合能,使焦炭和NH3共同还原NO需要更高的温度和活化能。此外,Ca和水分对NO的生成也有一定的影响。Ca因具有催化作用可促进氨煤混燃过程中煤灰表面气固氨氧化反应的进行,提高NH3的转化率可以削弱氨基和NO在煤焦表面的吸附性能,抑制NH协同煤焦对NO的还原[36]。由于NH3相较于煤中含有更多的H,因此掺烧氨后水的含量会增加,进而改变烟气的酸露点,引发机组安全性问题[37]
综上所述,虽然NOx的生成和还原机理较为明确,但都是基于简化的分子构型进行研究,可能与实际情况存在一定的差异。在对矿物质影响机制研究当中,煤炭中的其他矿物质对异相还原反应的影响没有进行深入研究,只关注了Fe的影响。在燃煤锅炉氨共燃还原区NO非均相还原的实验与理论研究当中,仅考虑了CO对NO还原反应的影响,其他因素的影响尚未全面考虑。
研究氨喷入方式和喷入位置对于燃煤锅炉中氨煤混燃技术的发展具有重要的意义。氨作为1种还原剂,通过选择适当的喷入方式和位置可以有效地与烟气中的NOx反应,从而降低其排放量[38-39]
NOx的生成量与NH3的注入位置有关[40]。Yamamoto等人[41]研究了氨的送入方法对烟气中NOx浓度的影响,发现当氨以20%的共燃率注入燃烧器中心时,未燃尽碳增加了约20%。在这种情况下,燃烧器附近的火焰温度比单煤燃烧较低,此时NOx生成浓度较煤单独燃烧时略有升高,而当NH3从距离燃烧器1.0 m处的侧壁注入时,NOx的排放浓度几乎与煤单独燃烧时相同或略低。Ishihara等人[14]通过0D数值模拟研究了NH3共燃对燃煤锅炉NOx排放的影响。研究发现,在NH3注入到火焰区域时,与纯燃煤相比,NOx排放量较低。这是因为当火焰区域的温度高于2 000 K时,焦炭氧化之前NH就会转化为NO。供应的NH3产生的NO更加丰富,剩余的炭也更多。与燃煤相比,得到了较低的NOx排放量。同时,将燃煤锅炉分为燃烧器区域、超火区域、下游区域1和下游区域24个部分,并使用详细化学反应机理进行零维计算。研究学者还发现当NH3注入到燃烧空气和超火区域时,NOx排放量分别是燃煤情况下的9倍和12倍;当NH3注入到火焰区域时,NOx排放量可以降低到燃煤情况下的0.7倍[42]。因此,通过选择适当的NH3注入位置,可以有效地抑制NOx排放。Tan等人[43]发现在预混模式下,氨的注入导致O2浓度下降、CO2和NO浓度显著增加。在分级燃烧模式下,NO浓度明显降低,O2浓度略有增加;当氨注入到下游时,NO浓度进一步降低,氧气消耗更多。由此可见,氨的注入可以有效减少NOx排放,通过选择合适的分级燃烧比例,可以使NO浓度低于纯煤燃烧的水平。
除了NH3喷入位置对NOx排放的影响外还与喷嘴设计有关。不同喷嘴设计会影响NH3与煤粉的混合程度和氧化反应过程,进而影响燃烧效果。Tamura等人[18]设计了1个1.2 MW热功率的燃煤锅炉实验装置,通过不同的NH3喷嘴(图6)设计,测量了烟气性质和火焰观察,并与纯燃煤情况进行对比。结果表明,在纯燃煤情况下,NOx排放质量分数为0.013%,未燃碳质量分数约为19%。与燃煤相比,使用B型喷嘴共燃情况下,未燃碳含量降低,同时保持了NOx排放水平;使用C型喷嘴时,NOx排放增加了20%,但未燃碳减少了一半;使用A型喷嘴时,NOx排放增加了30%,但未燃碳显著减少了80%。
AASC是燃煤电厂降低NOx排放的1种极为有效的技术,已被广泛采用[44-50]。这种技术分为燃烧器内部AASC和炉膛外部AASC 2种形式。炉膛外部AASC,作为煤粉锅炉中常见的燃烧技术,将炉膛划分为初燃区、还原区和燃尽区3个部分。Fan等人[51-52]将该技术称为整体空气分级技术,它能显著减少NOx的排放。AASC会改变炉内的O2分布,可能导致燃烧不稳定。部分区域O2不足,可能导致未完全燃烧,增加碳氧化物(如CO)的排放。
浙江大学王智化团队采用Chemkin软件对不同氛围下的氨再燃进行了动力学模拟,发现氧浓度对NO的生成有直接的影响,当氧体积分数为0时,NO变化极慢;当氧体积分数介于0.5%~1.0%时,出口NO浓度最低;当氧体积分数大于1.5%时,出口处NO呈现先降低再小幅度增加的效果。这是由于氧体积分数过高导致剩余的O2生成OH和H自由基进而生成NO。由此可知氧浓度直接影响NOx的生成,合理安排炉内O2分布有望控制污染物生成[53]
Wang等人[54]设计了1个一维炉温控制分级燃烧实验装置,并结合煤粉燃烧机理和相关的氮化学反应机理数值模拟方法,建立了化学动力学模型。研究了AASC和非分级燃烧条件下,氨共燃比对NO和CO2排放以及CO和H2S释放特性的影响(图7)。由图7可见:非分级燃烧条件下,氨煤共燃可以有效降低CO2排放,且NO浓度随着氨共燃比的增加而降低;AASC下,氨煤共燃可以有效控制NO排放。
为实现氨大比例掺烧下的稳定燃烧,并配合AASC实现NO低排放,西安交通大学刘银河课题组通过对拉曼光谱及红外光谱的分析得到反应过程中煤焦石墨化度及官能团的变化规律,揭示了复杂气氛下不同反应间相互作用对煤焦活性影响机理[55-56]。马仑等[15]采用在煤粉燃烧器下游布置氨燃烧器喷口,并在环形喷口上下布置NH3助燃喷口的方式,实现了煤粉与氨的混燃,通过数值模拟研究了深度空气分级下煤粉耦合氨燃烧及NO生成的特性。与纯煤粉燃烧相比,煤粉中掺混氨后,氨在贫氧燃烧中产生大量未燃尽气体与煤焦抢氧,降低了煤焦反应速率,使飞灰含碳量增加,且较少量煤粉产生更少NO,氨贫氧燃烧有效抑制来自氨燃烧NO的生成。Lyu等人[57]则是通过数值模拟研究了在600 MW实用锅炉中氨煤共燃的影响,发现深度空气分级技术可以改变燃烧区域的温度和O2浓度分布,从而影响燃烧特性和NOx排放。
还有一些学者研究了不同掺混比例下氨煤混燃的NOx排放特性。Ishihara等人[42]使用0D数值模拟方法,通过建立1个煤燃烧锅炉的反应器网络模型来研究NH3共燃对NOx排放特性的影响。研究中采用了详细的化学反应模型,包括气相化学反应和气固反应。通过模拟不同NH3注入位置下的排放物组成,研究了NH3共燃比例对NOx排放的影响。结果表明,在注入到火焰区域时,NH3共燃可以降低NOx排放量。而火焰区域的温度相对较高。供应的NH3产生的NO更多,剩余的炭也更多,与燃煤情况相比,生成的NO通过炭的还原作用减少,炭的还原作用对NO的减少效果更大。牛涛等[58]进行了工业尺度试验。通过在试验台上进行0~25%混氨比例的氨煤混合燃烧试验,发现在所有混氨比例下,锅炉都能实现良好的着火和稳燃。氨煤混合燃烧条件下煤粉的燃尽效果优于纯燃煤工况。通过采用AASC技术,在高混氨比例条件下,锅炉的NOx排放低于纯燃煤工况。Kimoto等人[59]通过在试验炉中进行NH3与煤炭的共燃实验,研究了不同共燃比例下的NOx排放特性。通过改变注入NH3的位置和方式,探讨了减少NOx排放的方法。结果表明,当NH3共燃比例增加到低位热值(LHV)的20%时,炉膛出口的NOx浓度没有显著增加。在单燃烧器试验炉中通过炉壁侧孔向煤粉燃烧火焰注入NH3,可在适当的位置降低NOx浓度。在多燃烧器试验炉中改变注入NH3的燃烧器级数,发现将NH3集中注入较低的燃烧器,而不是均匀注入所有燃烧器可降低NOx浓度。Ishii等人[60]通过混烧微粉炭和NH3的方法来探究燃煤锅炉中NOx生成的问题。在10 MW燃烧试验炉中进行20% NH3混烧的实验,评估了不同混烧比例对排气中CO2和NOx浓度的影响。发现,在适当的NH3供应方法下,NH3混烧时的NOx浓度与燃煤时的NOx浓度相当,同时能够降低CO2排放。Zhang等人[61]使用8.5 MW的燃烧设施进行实验,发现当NH3混燃比例超过40%时,燃烧火焰形状从正常的旋涡火焰变为长而细的火焰。这种火焰形状的改变导致热吸收从前墙转移到后墙,并对墙壁上的热通量分布产生明显影响。
综上所述,通过燃料分级、空气分级、控制氧量等手段可以有效控制氨煤混烧过程中NOx的生成。现有研究初步揭示了小掺混比下各因素的表观影响规律,而对深层次的影响机制仍认识不足。而在火电厂使用氨时对氨接收、储存、供应、燃烧、环境设施等主要设备产生的影响及对机组热效率等给机组整体带来的影响及相关问题尚未解决。
近年来,国内外已基本完成燃煤电站掺氨清洁低碳燃烧技术的开发,目前正从中试阶段向工业化验证过渡。尽管如此,未来在向产业化应用推进时,仍需克服一些挑战,特别是在大容量燃煤锅炉中实现氢/氨的稳定燃烧与低NOx排放控制技术及高容量、大比例掺氨燃烧器的研制方面。本文针对燃煤锅炉掺氨燃烧所产生的污染物总结了NOx排放的影响因素,综述了掺氨燃烧污染物生成与排放机理,以及其排放特性,得出如下结论:
1)氨在储存和运输方面具有一定的安全优势,但作为气体燃料,其点火和稳定燃烧的性能并不突出。尽管如此,在燃煤锅炉中实施掺氨燃烧可以达到较高的燃尽率。为进一步降低NOx的生成,可通过调整适当的燃尽风率和运行氧量,并结合AASC技术来实现控制。
2)掺氨燃烧技术是中国电力系统向低碳转型的关键技术路径之一,这不仅与我国能源结构相契合,也与煤电低碳化改造建设方案一致,然而目前国内外对燃煤锅炉大比例掺氨的研究仍处于初级阶段,在实际的煤粉锅炉设备上,氨停留时间、炉膛温度和温度分布均不同,NOx的生成轨迹会有差异。当温度高于900 ℃时,氨能发挥出无催化剂脱硝的效果。因此,掺氨后锅炉运行时的NOx生成量可能会低于实验室试验结果,所以开展中试规模和全尺寸锅炉的掺氨燃烧实验显得尤为重要。
3)在电站锅炉的运行过程中,污染物的生成、控制和排放是至关重要的考虑因素。在掺氨燃烧技术的应用中,虽然NOx的生成和排放是研究的核心,但对NH3、N2O等其他污染物的关注却相对较少。目前,氨与煤共燃过程中煤中的氮、硫、氯等元素的迁移与转化还未得到充分研究,这些都是未来研究的关键方向。此外,不同煤种的挥发分、水分、灰分和固定碳含量不同,燃烧特性也有所差异。掺氨燃烧过程中,可能会出现锅炉设备的磨损和腐蚀等问题,需要进一步深入探讨。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005704)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
WANG G, ZHAO J, ZHANG H, et al. Ammonia co-firing with coal: a review of the status and prospects[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2024, 38(17): 15861-15886.
[2]
WANG Q, HU Z, SHAO W, et al. The present situation, challenges, and prospects of the application of ammonia-coal co-firing technology in power plant boilers[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2024, 113: 101531.
[3]
KOBAYASHI H, HAYAKAWA A, SOMARATHNE K K A, et al. Science and technology of ammonia combustion[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37(1): 109-133.
[4]
VALERA-MEDINA A, XIAO H, OWEN-JONES M, et al. Ammonia for power[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 69: 63-102.
[5]
SHIH C F, ZHANG T, LI J, et al. Powering the future with liquid sunshine[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(10): 1925-1949.
[6]
SERVICE R F. Liquid sunshine[J]. Science, 2018, 361: 120-123.
[7]
司桐, 黄骞, 杨远平, 等. 煤炭掺氨燃烧基础研究与技术应用研究进展[J]. 煤炭学报, 2024, 49(6): 2876-2886.
SI Tong, HUANG Qian, YANG Yuanping, et al. Advancements and future outlook in fundamental research and technological applications for ammonia co-firing with coal[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2024, 49(6): 2876-2886.
[8]
ELBAZ A M, WANG S, GUIBERTI T F, et al. Review on the recent advances on ammonia combustion from the fundamentals to the applications[J]. Fuel Communications, 2022, 10: 100053.
[9]
ZHU X, KHATEEB A A, GUIBERTI T F, et al. NO and OH* emission characteristics of very-lean to stoichiometric ammonia-hydrogen-air swirl flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4): 5155-5162.
[10]
SOMARATHNE K D K A, OKAFOR E C, SUGAWARA D, et al. Effects of OH concentration and temperature on NO emission characteristics of turbulent non-premixed CH4/NH3/air flames in a two-stage gas turbine like combustor at high pressure[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(4): 5163-5170.
[11]
王志超, 方亮, 贾子秀, 等. 不同比例氨与煤混燃试验研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(7): 41-47.
WANG Zhichao, FANG Liang, JIA Zixiu, et al. Experimental study on co-combustion of different ratios of ammonia with coal[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 41-47.
[12]
LEE E, KEEL S I, KIM M S, et al. Behavior of nitrogen oxides in a lab-scale coal ammonia co-firing system[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023, 107: 101174.
[13]
ZHANG J, ISHII H, ITO T, et al. Numerical investigation on co-firing ammonia with pulverized coal in boiler[C]// 35th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference 2018: Clean Coal-Based Energy/Fuels and the Environment. Zuzhou, China, 15-18 October 2018.
[14]
ISHIHARA S, ZHANG J, ITO T. Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry on ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: effect of ammonia co-firing ratio on NO emissions[J]. Fuel, 2020, 274: 117742.
[15]
马仑, 方庆艳, 张成, 等. 深度空气分级下煤粉耦合氨燃烧及NO生成特性[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(3): 201-213.
MA Lun, FANG Qingyan, ZHANG Cheng, et al. Combustion and NO formation characteristics of pulverized coal co-firingwith ammonia in a deep-air staging condition[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(3): 201-213.
[16]
花田刚, 王铭忠. 燃煤电厂的平式脱硫脱硝技术[J]. 热力发电译丛, 1991(1): 24-32.
HUA Tiangang, WANG Mingzhong. Flat desulphurization and denitration technology of coal-fired power plant[J]. Thermal Power Generation Translation Bundle, 1991(1): 24-32.
[17]
谭厚章, 周上坤, 杨文俊, 等. 氨燃料经济性分析及煤氨混燃研究进展[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2023, 43(1): 181-191.
TAN Houzhang, ZHOU Shangkun, YANG Wenjun, et al. Economic analysis of ammonia and research progress of coal-ammonia co-firing[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2023, 43(1): 181-191.
[18]
TAMURA M, GOTOU T, ISHII H, et al. Experimental investigation of ammonia combustion in a bench scale 1.2 MW-thermal pulverised coal firing furnace[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 277: 115580.
[19]
OYARZÚN A M, RADOVIC L R, KYOTANI T. An update on the mechanism of the graphene: NO reaction[J]. Carbon, 2015, 86: 58-68.
[20]
朱江涛, 王勇, 陈灿, 等. 高温条件下NH3还原NO实验研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2019, 34(5): 84-90.
ZHU Jiangtao, WANG Yong, CHEN Can, et al. Experimental studies on NO reduction by NH3 under high temperature conditions[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy & Power, 2019, 34(5): 84-90.
[21]
MILLER J A, GLARBORG P. Modeling the thermal de-NOx process: Closing in on a final solution[J]. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 1999, 31(11): 757-765.
[22]
BI D G, ZHANG Z X, ZHANG J. Experimental study on deep denitration by injecting ammonia into the primary combustion zone and combining with SNCR in PC-boiler[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2017, 32(8): 89-93.
[23]
汪鑫, 陈钧, 范卫东. 燃煤电站锅炉掺氨燃烧与排放特性综述[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(8): 25-34.
WANG Xin, CHEN Jun, FAN Weidong. Review on combustion and emission characteristics of coal-fired utility boilers ammonia /coal co-firing[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(8): 25-34.
[24]
CHEN P, WANG Y, WANG P, et al. Oxidation mechanism of ammonia-N/coal-N during ammonia-coal co-combustion[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2022, 47(83): 35498-35514.
[25]
CHEN P, FANG Y, WANG P, et al. The effect of ammonia co-firing on NO heterogeneous reduction in the high-temperature reduction zone of coal air-staging combustion: experimental and quantum chemistry study[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 237: 111857.
[26]
ZHANG X, GU X, YU J, et al. Combustion characteristics and nitrogen conversion mechanism in ammonia/coal co-firing process[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 69: 317-330.
[27]
CHEN P, HUA C, JIANG B, et al. Influence mechanism of ammonia mixing on NO formation characteristics of pulverized coal combustion and N oxidation in ammonia-N/coal-N[J]. Fuel, 2023, 336: 126813.
[28]
陈萍, 蒋博宇, 花昌豪, 等. 氧浓度对氨煤混燃高温还原区NH3/煤焦/NO异相还原的影响[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(10): 3912-3919.
CHEN Ping, JIANG Boyu, HUA Changhao, et al. Effect of oxygen concentration on the heterogeneous reduction of NH3/Char/NO in the high temperature reduction zone during ammonia-coal co-combustion[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(10): 3912-3919.
[29]
CHEN P, WANG H, JIANG B, et al. An experimental and theoretical study of NO heterogeneous reduction in the reduction zone of ammonia co-firing in a coal-fired boiler: Influence of CO[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2022, 231: 107184.
[30]
ZHANG H, JIANG X, LIU J. Updated effect of carbon monoxide on the interaction between NO and char bound nitrogen: a combined thermodynamic and kinetic study[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2020, 220: 107-118.
[31]
FAN W, WU X, GUO H, et al. Experimental study on the impact of adding NH3 on NO production in coal combustion and the effects of char, coal ash, and additives on NH3 reducing NO under high temperature[J]. Energy, 2019, 173: 109-120.
[32]
CHEN P, WANG D, GU M, et al. The effect mechanism of fe on coal pyrolysis to NOx precursors: quantum chemical calculations and mass spectrometry experiments[J]. ACS Omega, 2020, 5(36): 23247-23256.
[33]
马雪璐, 张子涵, 解强. 量子化学计算在煤炭清洁高效转化微观机制的应用[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(2): 36-47.
MA Xuelu, ZHANG Zihan, XIE Qiang. Application of quantum chemical calculations to the mechanism of clean and efficient coal conversion[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(2): 36-47.
[34]
陈萍. 煤燃烧过程中NOx前驱物析出特性及焦炭-NO/N2O异相还原机理研究[D]. 马鞍山: 安徽工业大学, 2020: 1.
CHEN Ping. Study on the precipitation characteristics of NOx precursor and the heterogeneous reduction mechanism of charn NO/N2O during coal combustion[D]. Maanshan: Anhui University of Technology, 2020: 1.
[35]
CHEN P, JIANG B, WANG H, et al. Experimental and theoretical calculations study on heterogeneous reduction of NO by char/NH3 in the reduction zone of ammonia co-firing with pulverized coal: influence of mineral Fe[J]. Fuel, 2022, 310: 122374.
[36]
汪辉春, 陈萍, 顾明言, 等. 钙对氨煤混燃高温贫氧区NH协同煤焦还原NO影响机理[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(12): 4607-4616.
WANG Huichun, CHEN Ping, GU Mingyan, et al. Effect mechanism of calcium on NO reduction in high temperature oxygen-lean zone of ammonia-coal co-firing[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(12): 4607-4616.
[37]
YAO Q, LI R, WANG Y, et al. Feasibility analysis of coupling hydrogen-derived fuel on a coal-fired boiler for power generation[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2022, 37(1): 477-491.
[38]
WANG Y, HE Y, WENG W, et al. Numerical simulation of ammonia combustion with coal in a 135 MW tangentially fired boiler[J]. Fuel, 2024, 370: 131831.
[39]
WANG X, FAN W, CHEN J, et al. Experimental study and kinetic analysis of NO emission characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process with different ammonia injection methods[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2024, 114: 101609.
[40]
徐静颖, 朱鸿玮, 徐义书. 燃煤电站锅炉氨燃烧研究进展及展望[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(7): 55-65.
XU Jingying, ZHU Hongwei, XU Yishu. Research progress and prospect of ammonia cofiring in utility coal-fired boiler[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(7): 55-65.
[41]
YAMAMOTO A, KIMOTO M, OZAWA Y, et al. Basic co-firing characteristics of ammonia with pulverized coal in a single burner test furnace[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 AIChE Annual Meeting, F, 2018: 1.
[42]
ISHIHARA S, ZHANG J, ITO T. Numerical calculation with detailed chemistry of effect of ammonia co-firing on NO emissions in a coal-fired boiler[J]. Fuel, 2020, 266: 116924.
[43]
TAN J, HE Y, ZHU R, et al. Experimental study on co-firing characteristics of ammonia with pulverized coal in a staged combustion drop tube furnace[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2023, 39(3): 3217-3225.
[44]
JIANG Y, LEE B H, OH D H, et al. Influence of various air-staging on combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a tangentially fired boiler under the 50% load condition[J]. Energy, 2022, 244: 123167.
[45]
FAN W, LIN Z, LI Y, et al. Effect of temperature on NO release during the combustion of coals with different ranks[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2010, 24(3): 1573-1583.
[46]
LI Y, FAN W, WANG Y, et al. Characteristics of char gasification in staged oxygen-enriched combustion in a down flame furnace[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2016, 30(3): 1675-1684.
[47]
FAN W, LIN Z, LI Y, et al. Effect of air-staging on anthracite combustion and NOx formation[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2009, 23(1): 111-120.
[48]
LI S, XU T, SUN P, et al. NOx and SOx emissions of a high sulfur self-retention coal during air-staged combustion[J]. Fuel, 2008, 87(6): 723-731.
[49]
COSTA M, AZEVEDO J. Experimental characterization of an industrial pulverized coal-fired furnace under deep staging conditions[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2007, 179(9): 1923-1935.
[50]
MUNIR S, NIMMO W, GIBBS B. The effect of air staged, co-combustion of pulverised coal and biomass blends on NOx emissions and combustion efficiency[J]. Fuel, 2011, 90(1): 126-135.
[51]
FAN W, LIN Z, KUANG J, et al. Impact of air staging along furnace height on NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2010, 91(6): 625-634.
[52]
WANG J, FAN W, LI Y, et al. The effect of air staged combustion on NOx emissions in dried lignite combustion[J]. Energy, 2012, 37(1): 725-736.
[53]
陈静怡, 杨卫娟, 史鹏聖, 等. 氨再燃过程中NO还原及再生成机理[J]. 中国环境科学, 2024, 44(6): 3070-3077.
CHEN Jingyi, YANG Weijuan, SHI Pengsheng, et al. Mechanism of NO reduction and regeneration in ammonia reburning process[J]. China Environmental Science, 2024, 44(6): 3070-3077.
[54]
WANG X, FAN W, CHEN J, et al. Experimental study on effects of air-staged strategy and NH3 co-firing ratios on NO formation characteristics in ammonia/coal co-firing process[J]. Fuel, 2023, 332: 126217.
[55]
刘晓倩, 刘银河, 吕强. 准东煤在O2/H2O/CO2气氛下脱挥发分过程焦炭结构演化特性研究[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(1): 139-149.
LIU Xiaoqian, LIU Yinhe, LYU Qiang. Study on structure evolution characteristics of Zhundong coal char during devolatilization in O2/H2O/CO2 atmosphere[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(1): 139-149.
[56]
朱生刚, 姚鑫, 崔立明, 等. 典型高碱煤灰对氨煤混燃中氨氧化反应特性的影响[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2024, 30(5): 65-71.
ZHU Shenggang, YAO Xin, CUI Liming, et al. Effects of high-alkali coal ash on NOx formation characteristics during ammonia and coal co-firing process[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2024, 30(5): 65-71.
[57]
LYU Q, WANG R, DU Y, et al. Numerical study on coal/ammonia co-firing in a 600 MW utility boiler[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(45): 17293-17310.
[58]
牛涛, 张文振, 刘欣, 等. 燃煤锅炉氨煤混合燃烧工业尺度试验研究[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(3): 193-200.
NIU Tao, ZHANG Wenzhen, LIU Xin, et al. Industrial-scale experimental investigation of ammonia-coal cofiring in coal-fired boiler[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(3): 193-200.
[59]
KIMOTO M, YAMAMOTO A, OZAWA Y, et al. Applicability of ammonia co-firing technology in pulverized coal-fired boilers[M]. CO2 Free Ammonia as an Energy Carrier: Japan’s Insights. Springer. 2022: 581-589.
[60]
ISHII H, OHNO E, KOZAKI T, et al. Co-firing method of pulverized coal and ammonia for suppressing the NOx generation[C]//Proceedings of the 23rd National Symposium on Power and Energy Systems, JSME, F, 2018.
[61]
ZHANG J, ITO T, ISHII H, et al. Numerical investigation on ammonia co-firing in a pulverized coal combustion facility: effect of ammonia co-firing ratio[J]. Fuel, 2020, 267: 117166.
2025年第54卷第4期
PDF下载
124
56
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196
  • 接收时间:2024-08-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB4005704)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4005704)
作者信息
    1.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054

通讯作者:

车得福(1962),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为低碳燃烧技术,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202408196
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏