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With the growth of installed capacity of renewable energy power generation, coal-fired units need to undertake more peaking tasks. In order to improve the operational flexibility of coal-fired units, a 1 000 MW unit is taken as the research object, and six heat storage configurations and four heat release configurations of molten salt coupling are proposed based on the Ebsilon software, and the thermo-economic indexes of different heat storage and heat release coupling configurations are analyzed comparatively. The results show that, the peak shifting capacity of the system in the heat storage stage is positively correlated with the pressure loss of the heat transfer steam, and the thermal economy of heating the deaerator outlet feedwater in the heat release stage is the best. The heat storage of the electrically heated molten salt has the highest thermal and exergy efficiency, and configuration D-a has the strongest peak shifting capacity, with a peak shifting depth of up to 23.61%, but it has the largest coal consumption rate and exergy loss. Configuration F-d has the best thermal economy, with peak shifting depth, thermal efficiency, fuel efficiency and coal consumption rate of 23.42%, 39.61%, 38.40% and 310.2 g/(kW·h), respectively.

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随着可再生能源发电装机容量的增长,燃煤机组需要承担更多调峰任务。为提升燃煤机组运行灵活性,以某1 000 MW机组为研究对象,基于Ebsilon软件,提出了熔盐耦合的6种储热构型和4种释热构型,对不同储热、释热耦合构型的热经济性指标进行对比分析。结果表明:储热阶段系统调峰能力与换热蒸汽压力损失正相关,释热阶段加热除氧器出口给水的热经济性最佳;电加热熔盐储热的热效率和㶲效率最高,构型D-a调峰能力最强,调峰深度可达23.61%,但其煤耗率和㶲损也最大;构型F-d具有最佳热经济性,调峰深度、热效率、㶲效率和煤耗率分别为23.42%、39.61%、38.40%和310.2 g/(kW·h)。

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陈珣(1983),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤机组能效分析与优化,

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陈珣(1983),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤机组能效分析与优化,

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陈珣(1983),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤机组能效分析与优化,

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journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图4, caption=系统储热过程的熔盐流量, figureFileSmall=Xr5OE1J74a0g19z7RxaNcg==, figureFileBig=xpJxfq4hl76gmmj3KK6akA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707902426247249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Heat exchanger pressure drop and peak shaving capacity of the system, figureFileSmall=P+K9Fw7MVZwTYgiZk59nyQ==, figureFileBig=lAqWwADEhIV87YVO0qhm/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707902514327637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图5, caption=换热器压降与系统调峰容量, figureFileSmall=P+K9Fw7MVZwTYgiZk59nyQ==, figureFileBig=lAqWwADEhIV87YVO0qhm/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707902631768157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Peaking capacity of the system heat release process, figureFileSmall=kKjEu3WEr7oQo15KGxawCw==, figureFileBig=rT2jmN81KmkjbIq6UgXrlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707902749208679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图6, caption=系统释热过程调峰能力, figureFileSmall=kKjEu3WEr7oQo15KGxawCw==, figureFileBig=rT2jmN81KmkjbIq6UgXrlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707902841483373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Molten salt flow rate of the system during heat release, figureFileSmall=zjeTJRKp6cKAB1VcIaVMtw==, figureFileBig=WTvTCAiQWuwCenL50SAuQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707902954729592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图7, caption=系统释热过程熔盐流量, figureFileSmall=zjeTJRKp6cKAB1VcIaVMtw==, figureFileBig=WTvTCAiQWuwCenL50SAuQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903026032768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Peaking capacity of the whole process of heat storage and release of the system with different configurations, figureFileSmall=HcouqKMoKaIA2zet1/38ZQ==, figureFileBig=ssaYDMEfvy9/p7BBKwI/cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903143473291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同构型储热-释热全过程调峰能力比较, figureFileSmall=HcouqKMoKaIA2zet1/38ZQ==, figureFileBig=ssaYDMEfvy9/p7BBKwI/cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903231553682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Thermal efficiencies of the whole process of heat storage and release in the system with different configurations, figureFileSmall=rA4A0eqEa9xP4C8B0inp3Q==, figureFileBig=UuYJ3aUJPGvfDYK1uhzuQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903357382812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同构型储热-释热全过程的热效率比较, figureFileSmall=rA4A0eqEa9xP4C8B0inp3Q==, figureFileBig=UuYJ3aUJPGvfDYK1uhzuQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903479017641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The exergy efficiencies of the whole process of heat storage and release in the system with different configurations, figureFileSmall=usQRcEfo818ET70gTjKe5Q==, figureFileBig=WoR+xN3aX9MlDV1ObdzXtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903575486641, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同构型储热-释热全过程的㶲效率比较, figureFileSmall=usQRcEfo818ET70gTjKe5Q==, figureFileBig=WoR+xN3aX9MlDV1ObdzXtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903692927160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Coal consumption rates of the whole process of heat storage and heat release of the system, figureFileSmall=c9VhA9sD5Zu73DS4LYRYdw==, figureFileBig=PKnknaZYbdDGrhT7s/yUHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903797784766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图11, caption=系统储热-释热全过程的煤耗率, figureFileSmall=c9VhA9sD5Zu73DS4LYRYdw==, figureFileBig=PKnknaZYbdDGrhT7s/yUHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707903961362630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=The molten salt consumptions of the whole process of heat storage and heat release of the system, figureFileSmall=0dRTQvtUQXgRc6uEMhEQcw==, figureFileBig=GsXod0h/pfceF4o1bXMZbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707904024277195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=图12, caption=系统储热-释热全过程的熔盐消耗量, figureFileSmall=0dRTQvtUQXgRc6uEMhEQcw==, figureFileBig=GsXod0h/pfceF4o1bXMZbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236707904120746196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Design parameters for a 1 000 MW unit at rated operating conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
额定功率/MW1 046
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)2 829.97
主蒸汽温度/℃600.0
主蒸汽压力/MPa26.727
再热蒸汽温度/℃620.0
再热蒸汽压力/MPa5.303
机组背压/kPa4.8
最终给水温度/℃302.0
预节流压力损失/%3
机组热耗率/(kJ·(kW·h)–1)7 200.2
机组汽耗率/(kg·(kW·h)–1)2.705
), ArticleFig(id=1236707904217215196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

某1 000 MW机组额定工况设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
额定功率/MW1 046
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)2 829.97
主蒸汽温度/℃600.0
主蒸汽压力/MPa26.727
再热蒸汽温度/℃620.0
再热蒸汽压力/MPa5.303
机组背压/kPa4.8
最终给水温度/℃302.0
预节流压力损失/%3
机组热耗率/(kJ·(kW·h)–1)7 200.2
机组汽耗率/(kg·(kW·h)–1)2.705
), ArticleFig(id=1236707904317878495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of unit design value and simulated value under typical working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目100%THA75%THA50%THA
设计值模拟值误差/%设计值模拟值误差/%设计值模拟值误差/%
主蒸汽温度/℃600600060060006006000
主蒸汽压力/MPa27.50427.504020.6320.750.5813.6313.690.46
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)2 913.822 910.00–0.032 144.722 138.4–0.301 385.731 380.70–0.36
再热蒸汽温度/℃620620062062006206200
再热蒸汽压力/MPa5.2465.24603.9043.9310.702.6352.62–0.57
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)2 264.602 271.900.321 686.081 701.400.901 133.751 137.800.36
热耗率/(kJ·(kW·h)–1)7 184.607 162.80–0.307 337.707 311.25–0.367 594.307 562.80–0.41
0号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)116.52116.700.15113.20113.330.1157.6657.23–0.75
1号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)184.85185.10–0.13117.16118.100.8063.1062.70–0.63
2号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)299.17299.650.16191.51191.630.06107.38106.59–0.74
3号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)125.87125.71–0.1397.1996.50–0.7160.8260.900.13
5号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)75.5276.130.8052.1552.240.1731.7231.66–0.19
6号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)70.8771.100.3249.0049.430.8830.4230.30–0.40
7号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)70.7670.29–0.6052.7952.52–0.5133.7233.850.39
8号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)102.59101.80–0.7772.4672.20–0.3645.1245.430.69
9号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)74.7674.20–0.7543.4443.11–0.7618.5518.50–0.27
给水温度/℃314.90314.900302.30302.300275.90275.900
发电功率/MW1 046.001 045.50–0.05784.50784.15–0.05523.00524.300.25
), ArticleFig(id=1236707904431124710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

典型工况下机组设计值与模拟值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目100%THA75%THA50%THA
设计值模拟值误差/%设计值模拟值误差/%设计值模拟值误差/%
主蒸汽温度/℃600600060060006006000
主蒸汽压力/MPa27.50427.504020.6320.750.5813.6313.690.46
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)2 913.822 910.00–0.032 144.722 138.4–0.301 385.731 380.70–0.36
再热蒸汽温度/℃620620062062006206200
再热蒸汽压力/MPa5.2465.24603.9043.9310.702.6352.62–0.57
再热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)2 264.602 271.900.321 686.081 701.400.901 133.751 137.800.36
热耗率/(kJ·(kW·h)–1)7 184.607 162.80–0.307 337.707 311.25–0.367 594.307 562.80–0.41
0号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)116.52116.700.15113.20113.330.1157.6657.23–0.75
1号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)184.85185.10–0.13117.16118.100.8063.1062.70–0.63
2号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)299.17299.650.16191.51191.630.06107.38106.59–0.74
3号高加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)125.87125.71–0.1397.1996.50–0.7160.8260.900.13
5号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)75.5276.130.8052.1552.240.1731.7231.66–0.19
6号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)70.8771.100.3249.0049.430.8830.4230.30–0.40
7号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)70.7670.29–0.6052.7952.52–0.5133.7233.850.39
8号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)102.59101.80–0.7772.4672.20–0.3645.1245.430.69
9号低加抽汽流量/(t·h–1)74.7674.20–0.7543.4443.11–0.7618.5518.50–0.27
给水温度/℃314.90314.900302.30302.300275.90275.900
发电功率/MW1 046.001 045.50–0.05784.50784.15–0.05523.00524.300.25
), ArticleFig(id=1236707904603091180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Thermophysical parameters of molten salts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目太阳盐碳酸盐
熔点/℃223397
工作温度/℃240~565400~800
密度/(g·cm–3)1.82.3
导热系数/(W·(m·K)–1)0.51.2
比热容/(kJ·(kg·K)–1)1.51.9
), ArticleFig(id=1236707904745697523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

熔盐热物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目太阳盐碳酸盐
熔点/℃223397
工作温度/℃240~565400~800
密度/(g·cm–3)1.82.3
导热系数/(W·(m·K)–1)0.51.2
比热容/(kJ·(kg·K)–1)1.51.9
), ArticleFig(id=1236707904854749435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The coupled system configuration for heat storage and heat release

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目内容
储热构型A:电加热熔盐
B:抽取部分主蒸汽后耦合电锅炉,换热后进入锅炉冷再
C:抽取部分再热蒸汽后耦合电锅炉,换热后进入凝汽器
D:同时抽取部分主蒸汽和再热蒸汽,换热后进入凝汽器/供给热用户
E:同时抽取部分主蒸汽和再热蒸汽后耦合电锅炉,换热后
进入除氧器
F:抽取部分主蒸汽后耦合电锅炉、抽取部分再热蒸汽,换
热后进入凝汽器
释热构型a:抽取部分除氧器给水,换热后进入1号高加出口
b:抽取部分除氧器给水,换热后进入锅炉给水
c:抽取部分3号高加出口给水,换热后进入锅炉给水
d:抽取部分除氧器给水,一级换热成为蒸汽,二级换热后
汇入主蒸汽到高压缸做功
), ArticleFig(id=1236707906385670406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

储热-释热耦合系统构型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目内容
储热构型A:电加热熔盐
B:抽取部分主蒸汽后耦合电锅炉,换热后进入锅炉冷再
C:抽取部分再热蒸汽后耦合电锅炉,换热后进入凝汽器
D:同时抽取部分主蒸汽和再热蒸汽,换热后进入凝汽器/供给热用户
E:同时抽取部分主蒸汽和再热蒸汽后耦合电锅炉,换热后
进入除氧器
F:抽取部分主蒸汽后耦合电锅炉、抽取部分再热蒸汽,换
热后进入凝汽器
释热构型a:抽取部分除氧器给水,换热后进入1号高加出口
b:抽取部分除氧器给水,换热后进入锅炉给水
c:抽取部分3号高加出口给水,换热后进入锅炉给水
d:抽取部分除氧器给水,一级换热成为蒸汽,二级换热后
汇入主蒸汽到高压缸做功
), ArticleFig(id=1236707906469556494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The operating temperatures of the molten salt tank during exothermic process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
释热构型热罐温度/℃冷罐温度/℃熔盐类型
a530250太阳盐
b530250太阳盐
c530250太阳盐
d一级换热500250太阳盐
d二级换热660450碳酸盐
), ArticleFig(id=1236707906549248277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

释热过程熔盐罐运行温度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
释热构型热罐温度/℃冷罐温度/℃熔盐类型
a530250太阳盐
b530250太阳盐
c530250太阳盐
d一级换热500250太阳盐
d二级换热660450碳酸盐
), ArticleFig(id=1236707906658300188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Design coal quality parameters of a 1 000 MW unit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Qnet/(MJ·kg–1)war(C)/%war(H)/%war(O)/%war(N)/%
22.5659.483.728.760.65
), ArticleFig(id=1236707906775740707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

某1 000 MW机组设计煤质参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Qnet/(MJ·kg–1)war(C)/%war(H)/%war(O)/%war(N)/%
22.5659.483.728.760.65
), ArticleFig(id=1236707906905764137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Extracted steam flow rate of B—F configuration at 25 MW heat storage load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储热构型主蒸汽抽汽量/(t·h–1)再热蒸汽抽汽量/(t·h–1)主蒸汽-储热负荷/MW再热蒸汽-储热负荷/MW
B86025.00
C080025.0
D485112.512.5
E37409.09.0
F37249.06.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236707907019010351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236697119608861074, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

储热负荷25 MW时B—F构型抽汽流量

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储热构型主蒸汽抽汽量/(t·h–1)再热蒸汽抽汽量/(t·h–1)主蒸汽-储热负荷/MW再热蒸汽-储热负荷/MW
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1 000 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热系统构型分析
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陈珣 1, 2, 3 , 陈正器 4 , 周科 5 , 盛锴 1 , 朱光明 2 , 刘明 3
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2025,54(4): 33-41
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热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2025, 54(4): 33-41
1 000 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热系统构型分析
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陈珣1, 2, 3 , 陈正器4, 周科5, 盛锴1, 朱光明2, 刘明3
作者信息
  • 1.湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410208
  • 2.国网湖南省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,湖南 长沙 410208
  • 3.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
  • 4.华北电力大学动力工程系,河北 保定 071003
  • 5.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 陈珣(1983),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤机组能效分析与优化,

Configuration analysis of coupled molten salt heat storage system for 1 000 MW coal-fired unit
Xun CHEN1, 2, 3 , Zhengqi CHEN4, Ke ZHOU5, Kai SHENG1, Guangming ZHU2, Ming LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Hunan Xiangdian Test & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Changsha 410208, China
  • 2.State Grid Hunan Electric Power Co., Ltd. Research Institute, Changsha 410208, China
  • 3.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 4.Department of Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
  • 5.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co.,Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406199
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随着可再生能源发电装机容量的增长,燃煤机组需要承担更多调峰任务。为提升燃煤机组运行灵活性,以某1 000 MW机组为研究对象,基于Ebsilon软件,提出了熔盐耦合的6种储热构型和4种释热构型,对不同储热、释热耦合构型的热经济性指标进行对比分析。结果表明:储热阶段系统调峰能力与换热蒸汽压力损失正相关,释热阶段加热除氧器出口给水的热经济性最佳;电加热熔盐储热的热效率和㶲效率最高,构型D-a调峰能力最强,调峰深度可达23.61%,但其煤耗率和㶲损也最大;构型F-d具有最佳热经济性,调峰深度、热效率、㶲效率和煤耗率分别为23.42%、39.61%、38.40%和310.2 g/(kW·h)。

燃煤机组  /  熔盐储热  /  热经济性  /  调峰能力

With the growth of installed capacity of renewable energy power generation, coal-fired units need to undertake more peaking tasks. In order to improve the operational flexibility of coal-fired units, a 1 000 MW unit is taken as the research object, and six heat storage configurations and four heat release configurations of molten salt coupling are proposed based on the Ebsilon software, and the thermo-economic indexes of different heat storage and heat release coupling configurations are analyzed comparatively. The results show that, the peak shifting capacity of the system in the heat storage stage is positively correlated with the pressure loss of the heat transfer steam, and the thermal economy of heating the deaerator outlet feedwater in the heat release stage is the best. The heat storage of the electrically heated molten salt has the highest thermal and exergy efficiency, and configuration D-a has the strongest peak shifting capacity, with a peak shifting depth of up to 23.61%, but it has the largest coal consumption rate and exergy loss. Configuration F-d has the best thermal economy, with peak shifting depth, thermal efficiency, fuel efficiency and coal consumption rate of 23.42%, 39.61%, 38.40% and 310.2 g/(kW·h), respectively.

coal-fired units  /  molten salt heat storage  /  thermal economy  /  peak shaving capability
陈珣, 陈正器, 周科, 盛锴, 朱光明, 刘明. 1 000 MW燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热系统构型分析. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (4) : 33 -41 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406199
Xun CHEN, Zhengqi CHEN, Ke ZHOU, Kai SHENG, Guangming ZHU, Ming LIU. Configuration analysis of coupled molten salt heat storage system for 1 000 MW coal-fired unit[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (4) : 33 -41 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406199
在节能减排和“双碳”目标大背景下,着力推进电力供应由传统化石能源向可再生能源转变成为建设重点。截至2023年,可再生能源发电装机容量突破14亿kW,占比接近50%[1-3]。传统燃煤机组存在调峰性能差、负荷响应迟滞等问题[4],要充分发挥煤电的“压舱石”作用,必须提升燃煤机组运行灵活性。熔盐储热耦合燃煤机组能有效提升运行灵活性,保障电网安全稳定运行[3-4],减轻可再生能源发电因自身缺陷[5-6]和局限性[7]导致的不能稳定持续输出电能[8]和弃光、弃风现象[9]
熔盐储热技术已在光热发电领域得到广泛应用,在燃煤发电领域尚处于技术开发和示范应用阶段。张显荣等[10]设计了600 MW机组与熔盐储热、混凝土储热和亚临界水储热的耦合系统方案,对比分析各耦合系统热力性能和调峰性能。Li等人[11]将燃煤机组与级联式相变储热装置耦合,抽取再热蒸汽储热,加热除氧器出口给水产生的蒸汽进入低压缸释热增加机组出力。
在不同储热-释热构型探索方面,邹小刚等[12]针对火电机组耦合熔盐储热深度调峰系统研究了多种耦合方案,表明电加热熔盐储热具有较高热效率和调峰能力。刘金恺等[13]提出了8种熔盐储热辅助调峰系统设计方案,其中,释热方案采用加热旁路给水可获得最大调峰容量和最高系统效率及经济性。冀帅宇等[14]提出一种抽取再热蒸汽和主蒸汽联合加热二次热风的灵活调峰运行方式,抽主蒸汽和抽再热蒸汽相结合,可以拓宽机组的调峰空间,提高消纳可再生能源的能力。魏海姣等[15-17]提出抽取主蒸汽和再热蒸汽储热实现机组灵活性运行,分析了系统中部件的㶲损失,指出抽汽储热后系统的循环㶲效率有所降低。
在燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热运行控制策略方面,白晨曦[18]针对燃煤发电机组配置熔盐储热的运行策略展开研究,多角度考虑并选择不同的运行策略提升系统经济性。李浩宇[19]对基于蓄能系统燃煤机组灵活性的提升方法,提出了一种新型协调控制系统。Wang等人[20-21]通过机组供热来实现快速变负荷和持续供热稳定运行,同时优化二次再热锅炉再热蒸汽温度控制,解决了稳定蒸汽温度的难题。
上述研究针对传统燃煤机组在负荷响应和调峰能力的不足,提出了多种耦合熔盐储热方案。当前研究主要针对600 MW及以下机组,1 000 MW级机组鲜有报道。1 000 MW级机组调峰潜力巨大,但其部分排汽温度较低,抽汽位置有限,调峰容量与抽汽量的匹配要求更高。
本文以某超超临界1 000 MW燃煤机组为研究对象,采用EBSILON软件搭建热力系统模型,构建抽取主蒸汽、再热蒸汽并与电加热耦合的储热系统,探究储热过程加热熔盐方式、换热后工质流向、释热过程加热介质抽取和释热节点对机组运行灵活性和热经济性的影响,获得燃煤机组与熔盐储热最优耦合方式,以指导工程应用。
某超超临界1 000 MW机组汽轮机型号为N1050-28.0/600/620,采用一次中间再热、单轴、四缸四排汽、纯凝汽式,设置4级高压加热器(高加)、除氧器、5级低压加热器(低加)。机组主要设计参数见表1
采用Ebsilon软件搭建系统模型,比较100%、75%、50%THA工况下模拟得到的参数值与设计值,误差结果见表2。由表2可见,不同工况下,机组设计值与模拟值的最大误差不超过2%,表明模型搭建和仿真结果可靠。
为简化系统模型,进行以下假设:
1)系统始终为热力学稳态;
2)储热过程机组维持50%THA工况[22]
3)释热过程给水流量维持在75%THA工况。
熔盐作为一种较为理想的储热介质,其理化性质稳定,工作温度区间一般在200~600 ℃,可利用谷电或难以消纳的风电、光电加热,使用寿命长、成本低[21]。目前,针对熔盐的研究主要以硝酸盐、碳酸盐为主,其稳定极限温度均在550、650 ℃以上[23-24]
由于机组主蒸汽和再热蒸汽温度分别为600、620 ℃,除氧器出口凝结水温度约为160 ℃,太阳盐(40%KNO3-60%NaNO3)工作温度为223~565 ℃,碳酸盐(35%K2CO3-32%Li2CO2-33%Na2CO3)工作温度为400~800 ℃;既有足够的换热温差,也不会因为换热温差过大造成过多的能量损失。本文以太阳盐和碳酸盐[25]作为储热介质,其热物性参数见表3
燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热技术,在低电价时利用机组过剩电力或抽取高温蒸汽加热熔盐进入高温熔盐罐储存备用,换热后的蒸汽一部分进入汽轮机级内继续膨胀做功,另一部分排入凝汽器或供给热用户。峰电价时,高温熔盐放热加热给水,或将给水加热为高温蒸汽后进入汽轮机内做功,提升机组出力并节煤,换热后的熔盐进入低温罐储存备用。
以50%额定负荷储热,75%额定负荷释热,构建了6种储热构型和4种释热构型,储热-释热耦合系统构型见表4。系统储热流程构型示意如图1所示,释热流程构型示意如图2所示。释热过程各构型高、低温熔盐罐的运行温度参数见表5
以调峰容量、调峰深度、热效率、㶲效率、煤耗率、熔盐流量作为燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热系统的性能评价指标。
储热过程、释热过程和储热-释热全过程中,系统调峰容量和调峰深度定义如下:
ΔPc,t=PcPc,t
ξc,t=ΔPc,tPe×100
ΔPs,t=Ps,tPs
ξs,t=ΔPs,tPe×100
ΔPcs,t=ΔPc,t+ΔPs,t
ξcs,t=ξc,t+ξs,t
式中:∆Pc,t、∆Ps,t、∆Pcs,t分别为t时刻储热过程、释热过程和储热-释热全过程的调峰容量,MW;PcPsPe分别为50%、75%和100%额定工况机组电负荷,MW;Pc,tPs,t分别为t时刻储热过程和释热过程的发电功率,MW;ξc,tξs,tξcs,t分别为t时刻储热过程、释热过程和储热-释热全过程的调峰深度,%。
储热过程、释热过程和储热-释热全过程中,系统热效率定义如下:
ηRc,t=t1t2(Pc,t+qc,t)dtt1t2Qbc,tηb,tdt×100
ηRs,t=t3t4Ps,tdtt3t4(Qbs,tηb,t+qs,t)dt×100
ηR=t1t2Pc,tdt+t3t4Ps,tdtt1t2Qbc,tηb,tdt+t34Qbs,tηb,tdt×100
式中:ηRc,tηRs,tηR分别为t时刻储热过程、释热过程和储热-释热全过程的系统热效率,%;t1t2分别为储热起、止时刻;t3t4分别为释热起、止时刻,s;qc,tqs,t分别为t时刻的储热负荷和释热负荷,MW;Qbc,tQbs,t分别为t时刻的储热过程和释热过程的锅炉热负荷,MW;ηb,tt时刻的锅炉效率,%。
储热-释热全过程中煤耗率的计算式为:
B=t1t2(Qbc,tQnetηb,t)dt+t3t4(Qbs,tQnetηb,t)dtt1t2Pc,tdt+t3t4Ps,tdt×3.6×105
式中:B为储热-释热全过程的煤耗率,g/(kW·h);Qnet为燃料低位发热量,kJ/kg。
本文设计与计算煤种为该机组设计煤,其部分参数见表6
燃料㶲[26]及燃料比㶲[27]的计算公式为:
E=B×ef
ef=Qnet(1.0064+0.1519w(H)w(C)+0.0616w(O)w(C)+0.0429w(N)w(C))
式中:ef为燃料比㶲,kJ/kg;w(H)、w(O)、w(N)、w(C)分别为燃料中氢、氧、氮、碳元素的质量分数,%。
储热-释热全过程中系统㶲效率计算式为:
ηex=t1t2Pc,tdt+t3t4Ps,tdtt1t2Ec,tdt+t3t4Es,tdt×103×100
式中:ηex为储热-释热全过程的㶲效率,%;Ec.tEs.t分别为t时刻储热过程和释热过程的燃料㶲,MW。
根据储热量以及熔盐比热容可以确定所需熔盐流量,计算公式为:
m˙cq=Q1Q2cp(ThTl)
m˙eb=Q3cp(ThTl)
式中:m˙cqm˙eb分别为使用抽汽、电锅炉加热熔盐所需熔盐质量流量,kg/s;Q1Q2Q3分别为抽汽热流量、排汽热流量和电锅炉功率,kW;cp为熔盐定压比热容,kJ/(kg·K);ThT1分别为高温熔盐温度和低温熔盐温度,℃。
不同储热构型和储热负荷下调峰能力、熔盐流量如图3图4所示。为避免再热器超温,抽汽流量占主蒸汽流量份额不高于20%,考虑汽轮机轴向推力与末级叶片应力改变,抽汽流量占再热蒸汽流量份额不超过30%[28]。储热负荷25 MW时,各构型主蒸汽与再热蒸汽抽汽流量见表7
构型A为电加热熔盐,可通过控制取电量灵活调节调峰容量,储热负荷100 MW时调峰深度为9.56%;构型B储热过程抽取蒸汽的焓降较小,调峰能力偏弱;构型C抽取再热蒸汽耦合电锅炉,调峰能力有所提高。
构型D同时抽取主蒸汽、再热蒸汽,释热后进入凝汽器,调峰深度最大(18.93%);构型E在构型D的基础上耦合电锅炉,调峰能力略降低,但煤耗率有较大改善,构型E-a相比构型D-a的煤耗率降低约7.6 g/(kW·h),调峰深度仅减少1.90%,且构型E-a的系统热效率、㶲效率均高于构型D-a;构型F对应不同温区将熔盐分为两路,调峰能力介于构型D和构型E之间。由图4可知,构型F熔盐流量最低,储热负荷为100 MW时,碳酸盐流量1 000 t/h,太阳盐流量1 112 t/h,约为其他构型的1/2。
储热负荷25 MW时,储热构型B、储热构型C蒸汽-熔盐换热器压降与系统调峰容量关系如图5所示。由图5可知,储热过程系统获得的调峰容量与换热蒸汽压降呈正相关。构型B主蒸汽压降每增加2.5 MPa,调峰容量增加约2 MW;构型C再热蒸汽压降每增加0.5 MPa,调峰容量增加约0.8 MW。
不同释热构型和释热负荷下的调峰能力、熔盐流量如图6图7所示。由图6图7可见:构型d调峰深度最高为5.65%,主要由于2组高温熔盐分级加热给水后汇入主蒸汽进入高压缸膨胀做功,直接提升了主蒸汽温度;构型a、b、c的调峰能力依次递减,这是由于蒸汽的做功能力随级膨胀逐渐减弱,且靠近锅炉侧的凝结水温度更高,抽取低参数凝结水能减少汽轮机高压缸抽汽,对机组出力提升作用更大;受释热抽水节点限制,构型c并未使中压缸回热抽汽降低,熔盐释热使锅炉负荷由1 600 MW降至1 507 MW,而机组出力增副较小。
图7可知:构型a、b、c的熔盐流量相近,释热负荷100 MW时约为3 300 t/h;构型d熔盐流量仅为1 400 t/h。这是由于构型d中二级换热熔盐温度更高,传热系数和比热容更大,相同的熔盐流量下能储存的热量更多,更容易达到所需释热负荷;且释热负荷100 MW时构型d煤耗率为245 g/(kW·h),构型a煤耗率为250 g/(kW·h),构型d为最优释热构型。
本节选取综合性能较优的释热构型a、释热构型d,与储热构型进行组合,分析储热-释热全过程性能。设定储热时长6 h,释热时长4 h。不同储热-释热构型和储热-释热设计负荷下,系统调峰能力比较如图8所示。由图8可见:相同构型下,系统调峰能力随储热-释热负荷增加而增大;不同构型间,构型D-a和F-d调峰能力最强(100 MW调峰容量下,分别为23.61%和23.42%);构型A-c调峰能力最低(10.33%)。储热过程和释热过程系统构型对全过程调峰能力影响显著。
图9图10为不同构型储热-释热全过程的热效率和㶲效率。
图9图10可见:A类构型为电加热熔盐,热效率和㶲效率较高,调峰能力略低;构型D-a调峰能力强,但储热-释热过程㶲损高,热效率和㶲效率偏低(38.51%和37.34%);构型B-a、C-a、E-a、F-d耦合电锅炉,抽汽量减少,热效率和㶲效率相较于构型D-a有一定提升,其中,构型F-d热效率和㶲效率分别为39.61%和38.40%,对比构型D-a提升超过1百分点。
图11为储热-释热全过程的煤耗率比较。由图11可见:储热过程抽取蒸汽及电能加热熔盐,所有构型的煤耗率均高于未配置储热装置的水平;释热过程熔盐放热降低的煤耗率,不足以抵消煤耗率的增加,8种构型的全过程煤耗率均大于未配置储热装置的水平。构型D-a负荷调节能力最强,煤耗率最高319.1 g/(kW·h);构型E-a煤耗率仅次于构型D-a;A类构型调峰能力弱,但相应煤耗率也最低,构型A-c煤耗率仅282.76 g/(kW·h);构型B-a、C-a在A类构型上耦合抽汽后,调峰能力和煤耗率略高于A类构型;构型F-d煤耗率为310.2 g/(kW·h),相较于构型D-a降低了约9 g/(kW·h),而调峰深度仅降低0.19百分点。
图12为系统储热-释热10 h的熔盐消耗总量。调峰能力为100 MW时,构型F-d熔盐消耗量最低为18 304 t,构型C-a熔盐消耗量约为37 000 t,其余构型的熔盐流量相差不大,约为41 000 t。
本文针对1 000 MW级燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热,比较了6种储热构型和4种释热构型的耦合方式。通过模拟计算,分析得到各构型的热力性能参数,主要结论如下。
1)燃煤机组耦合熔盐储热可有效提升机组运行灵活性,拓宽机组运行区间,对于大型燃煤发电机组采用抽汽加热与电锅炉加热耦合的构型,可大幅提高调峰能力和出力。
2)储热阶段采用电锅炉加热熔盐,系统热效率和㶲效率高,调峰性能优异,可以灵活调整取电量,工艺简单。释热阶段抽取除氧器给水加热至新汽温度后汇入主蒸汽构型最优,系统煤耗率最低,出力增加最多。
3)构型F-d调峰深度为23.42%,热效率、㶲效率、煤耗率分别为39.61%、38.40%、310.2 g/(kW·h)。综合考虑储热阶段调峰能力、释热阶段出力增加和机组能效降低、储-释热全过程熔盐消耗量后,推荐F-d耦合构型方式。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52276016)
  • 湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司科技项目(XDKY-2022-03)
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2025年第54卷第4期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406199
  • 接收时间:2024-06-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-30
基金
National Natural Science Fundation of China(52276016)
国家自然科学基金项目(52276016)
Research Fund of Hunan Xiangdian Test & Research Institute Co., Ltd.(XDKY-2022-03)
湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司科技项目(XDKY-2022-03)
作者信息
    1.湖南省湘电试验研究院有限公司,湖南 长沙 410208
    2.国网湖南省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,湖南 长沙 410208
    3.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
    4.华北电力大学动力工程系,河北 保定 071003
    5.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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