Article(id=1236693345037251180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236693344525546092, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202310157, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1697472000000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772780270107, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1713974400000, pubDateStr=2024-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772780270107, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772780270107, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772780270107, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236693344525546092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='173', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772780269986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772780480647, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236694228160533130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236693344525546092, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236694228160533131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236693344525546092, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=73, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236693345335046765, articleId=1236693345037251180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Thermodynamic and economic analysis of co-firing dried sludge in coal-fired power plants, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The increasing volume of sewage sludge production in China has created an urgent need for its harmless and resourceful treatment. This paper aims to tackle this issue by adopting a novel strategy that integrates coal-fired power plants with a sewage sludge drying system, in this method, the sludge will be co-fired after being dried. By taking a typical supercritical 660 MW unit as the research object, the influences of moisture content (10%, 20%, 35%, 50%, and 65%) and blending ratio (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of the dried sludge on parameters such as flue gas temperature, boiler efficiency, net power generation efficiency, equivalent net efficiency of sewage sludge power generation and equivalent net efficiency of dried sludge power generation are investigated through thermodynamic calculation of the boiler and comprehensive thermodynamic and economic analysis of the entire system under THA condition. The results indicate that, when the moisture content of the dried sludge exceeds 50%, it leads to parameter deterioration, and this trend intensifies with an increase in the blending ratio. Considering all factors, it is recommended to maintain the moisture content of the dried sludge at 50% or below, and if it exceeds this value, the blending ratio should be limited to less than 4%. Blending sludge leads to a reduction in the exergy efficiency of the system, which is mainly due to the increasing exergy losses in the boiler and drying equipment. Moreover, the study reveals that the optimal economic performance is achieved when blending the sludge with moisture content of 20% and blending ratio of 10%, in this case the dynamic payback period is only 4.02 years.

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我国污泥产量逐年增加,如何对其进行无害化、资源化处理成为亟待解决的问题,拟将燃煤电站与污泥干燥系统耦合,湿污泥干燥后进行掺烧。以某典型超临界660 MW机组为研究对象,在THA工况下,通过对锅炉进行热力计算和对系统整体进行热力学分析及经济性分析,研究掺烧不同含水率(10%、20%、35%、50%、65%)不同掺烧量(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)的干化污泥对排烟温度、锅炉效率、净发电效率、湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率等参数的影响。结果表明:当干化污泥含水率超过50%时会导致参数恶化且随掺烧量的增加变化趋势加剧;干化污泥的含水率应控制在50%及以下,若超过此值,掺烧量应小于4%;掺烧污泥导致系统的㶲效率降低,主要原因是锅炉和干燥设备的㶲损失增加;当掺烧含水率为20%,掺烧量为10%的干化污泥时,系统经济性最好,动态回收周期仅为4.02年。

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张国强(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为能源动力集成及其优化,
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刘铭宇(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为能源动力系统节能与优化,

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Bethlehem, PA: Energy Research Center Lehigh University, 2006: 1., articleTitle=Use of coal drying to reduce water consumed in pulverized coal power plants, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236693356202488041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, awardId=U1910215, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1910215), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236693356496089328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, awardId=U1910215, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1910215), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236693348048761526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236693348061344439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, companyId=1236693348048761526, 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sludge blending on flue gas temperature, figureFileSmall=XOCzYT/8JR6W+UDDWbpG0w==, figureFileBig=u/9wE/yD7gMSg3me6QaDqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352356312008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图3, caption=污泥掺烧对排烟温度影响, figureFileSmall=XOCzYT/8JR6W+UDDWbpG0w==, figureFileBig=u/9wE/yD7gMSg3me6QaDqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352448586706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The effects of sludge blending on boiler efficiency, figureFileSmall=77PKb+szDdlUhrBUXbn30g==, figureFileBig=r4+fJu450KdYwqhBK89TsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352515695573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图4, caption=污泥掺烧对锅炉效率影响, figureFileSmall=77PKb+szDdlUhrBUXbn30g==, figureFileBig=r4+fJu450KdYwqhBK89TsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352675079138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The effects of sludge blending ratio on main steam flow, figureFileSmall=d3OsDaJJU7k9eQA8qQC19g==, figureFileBig=8hLbn8coLeS3zl5HGQBWUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352796713959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图5, caption=污泥掺烧对主蒸汽流量的影响, figureFileSmall=d3OsDaJJU7k9eQA8qQC19g==, figureFileBig=8hLbn8coLeS3zl5HGQBWUA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352872211444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Change of the steam mass flow of sludge dryer with the sludge blending ratio, figureFileSmall=twk6wDqrPsHS/kP/JTZ4JA==, figureFileBig=J7+ps4sAEpVH3dKVIW0VTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693352972874749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图6, caption=污泥干燥设备抽汽量随污泥掺烧量变化, figureFileSmall=twk6wDqrPsHS/kP/JTZ4JA==, figureFileBig=J7+ps4sAEpVH3dKVIW0VTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353069342724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The effects of sludge blending ratio on power generation, figureFileSmall=5p0xleLQd4havpk4Q9Uh0A==, figureFileBig=zlc0P7LHgaQGzo2mnePAKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353182588943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图7, caption=污泥掺烧量对机组发电量的影响, figureFileSmall=5p0xleLQd4havpk4Q9Uh0A==, figureFileBig=zlc0P7LHgaQGzo2mnePAKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353295835164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=The effects of sludge blending ratio on net power generation efficiency, figureFileSmall=uXthW0hzNrc4A80mjuphsg==, figureFileBig=G2BT7nlNsbnqLEh3UivXCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353404887072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图8, caption=污泥掺烧量对净发电效率的影响, figureFileSmall=uXthW0hzNrc4A80mjuphsg==, figureFileBig=G2BT7nlNsbnqLEh3UivXCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353518133292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The effects of sludge blending ratio on equivalent net efficiency of sewage sludge power generation, figureFileSmall=FacUThMHVcxiezL0uXBL2w==, figureFileBig=1r+5VGFhrzlSYQa7L6VGCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353694294075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图9, caption=污泥掺烧量对湿污泥发电折合净效率的影响, figureFileSmall=FacUThMHVcxiezL0uXBL2w==, figureFileBig=1r+5VGFhrzlSYQa7L6VGCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353803345982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=The effects of sludge blending ratio on equivalent net efficiency of dried sludge power generation, figureFileSmall=ugGrDpXbdZtitpurbcpS8g==, figureFileBig=XtJxo9tCs2AzGg+X3d9JkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693353950146637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图10, caption=污泥掺烧对干化污泥发电折合净效率的影响, figureFileSmall=ugGrDpXbdZtitpurbcpS8g==, figureFileBig=XtJxo9tCs2AzGg+X3d9JkQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354038227026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Change of dynamic investment payback period with moisture content and blending ratio of the sewage sludge, figureFileSmall=y9SMV5FX3jNc1lwiDv5mBA==, figureFileBig=HuBNcUls8zqEFE6M717w7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354122113111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图11, caption=动态回收周期随污泥含水率及掺烧量的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=y9SMV5FX3jNc1lwiDv5mBA==, figureFileBig=HuBNcUls8zqEFE6M717w7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354243747938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Variation of the dynamic payback period with total investment cost, figureFileSmall=BXeFeccQVwP1JFPY7JbhgA==, figureFileBig=9FMO6Nu7ldHk+ftcMV48Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354369577064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图12, caption=动态回收周期随总投资成本的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=BXeFeccQVwP1JFPY7JbhgA==, figureFileBig=9FMO6Nu7ldHk+ftcMV48Iw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354457657457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Variation of the dynamic payback period with tipping fee of disposing sewage sludge, figureFileSmall=SiJGq+HJcbpt+wVbRcC1FA==, figureFileBig=Ebd8Cw/L0q5U9KzLQ9fU9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354549932148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=图13, caption=动态回收周期随污泥处理补贴的变化曲线, figureFileSmall=SiJGq+HJcbpt+wVbRcC1FA==, figureFileBig=Ebd8Cw/L0q5U9KzLQ9fU9w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236693354625429626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main parameters of the reference coal-fired unit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
煤低位发热量/(MJ·kg–1)21.81
煤消耗量/(kg·s–1)67.09
锅炉输入热量/MW1 462.94
主蒸汽温度/℃566.0
压力/MPa24.20
流量/(kg·s–1)506.35
再热蒸汽温度/℃566.0
压力/MPa3.82
流量/(kg·s–1)432.31
汽轮机排汽压力/kPa5.00
锅炉排烟温度/℃118.7
锅炉效率/%94.07
发电量/MW660.00
厂用电量(发电量的6%)/MW39.60
供电量/MW620.40
供电效率/%42.41
), ArticleFig(id=1236693354755453058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

参考燃煤机组主要运行参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
煤低位发热量/(MJ·kg–1)21.81
煤消耗量/(kg·s–1)67.09
锅炉输入热量/MW1 462.94
主蒸汽温度/℃566.0
压力/MPa24.20
流量/(kg·s–1)506.35
再热蒸汽温度/℃566.0
压力/MPa3.82
流量/(kg·s–1)432.31
汽轮机排汽压力/kPa5.00
锅炉排烟温度/℃118.7
锅炉效率/%94.07
发电量/MW660.00
厂用电量(发电量的6%)/MW39.60
供电量/MW620.40
供电效率/%42.41
), ArticleFig(id=1236693354843533451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Thermodynamic parameters of sewage sludge drying process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
湿污泥低位发热量/(MJ·kg–1)1.00
进口污泥温度/℃25.00
含水率/%80.00
进口空气温度/℃25.00
进口空气相对湿度/%40.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236693354944196755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

污泥干燥过程的热力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
湿污泥低位发热量/(MJ·kg–1)1.00
进口污泥温度/℃25.00
含水率/%80.00
进口空气温度/℃25.00
进口空气相对湿度/%40.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355053248668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Parameters of the sewage sludge and coal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目湿污泥
工业分析war(M)/%80.0013.00
war(A)/%8.5712.00
元素分析war(C)/%7.0257.33
war(H)/%1.043.62
war(O)/%2.909.94
war(N)/%0.230.70
war(S)/%0.170.40
war(Cl)/%0.070.01
低位发热量Qar,net/(MJ·kg–1)1.0021.81
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355162300579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

污泥和煤的参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目湿污泥
工业分析war(M)/%80.0013.00
war(A)/%8.5712.00
元素分析war(C)/%7.0257.33
war(H)/%1.043.62
war(O)/%2.909.94
war(N)/%0.230.70
war(S)/%0.170.40
war(Cl)/%0.070.01
低位发热量Qar,net/(MJ·kg–1)1.0021.81
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355267158183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The detailed parameters of components in EBSILON

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组件模型设置及假设
锅炉按热力计算结果通过控制器组件对锅炉参数进行设置
汽轮机各级机械效率为99.80%,各级相对内效率由热平衡图计算得出
发电机发电机效率为98.80%
管道压损为3.0%~5.0%
回热加热器端差保持不变,无热损失
凝汽器上端差为5.0 ℃,入口循环冷却水温度和压力分别为20.0 ℃和0.1 MPa
等熵效率为80.00%,机械效率为99.80%
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355372015791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

EBSILON组件细节设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组件模型设置及假设
锅炉按热力计算结果通过控制器组件对锅炉参数进行设置
汽轮机各级机械效率为99.80%,各级相对内效率由热平衡图计算得出
发电机发电机效率为98.80%
管道压损为3.0%~5.0%
回热加热器端差保持不变,无热损失
凝汽器上端差为5.0 ℃,入口循环冷却水温度和压力分别为20.0 ℃和0.1 MPa
等熵效率为80.00%,机械效率为99.80%
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355451707573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Exergy analysis results of the unit co-firing dried sludge with 65% moisture content

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目参考工况掺烧量2%掺烧量4%掺烧量6%掺烧量8%掺烧量10%
单位MW%MW%MW%MW%MW%MW%
输入㶲湿污泥46.552.9193.085.77139.608.57186.1811.33232.7114.04
1 583.70100.001 552.0797.091 520.4494.231 488.8191.431 456.9488.671 425.3185.96
总输入的㶲1 583.70100.001 598.62100.001 613.52100.001 628.41100.001 643.12100.001 658.02100.00
湿污泥干燥后的㶲46.552.9193.085.77139.608.57186.1811.33232.7114.04
㶲损失锅炉828.4752.31845.4152.88862.6453.46880.5054.07898.5254.68919.0755.43
汽轮机43.582.7543.012.6942.512.6341.922.5741.262.5140.662.45
发电机8.010.517.940.507.870.497.790.487.700.477.590.46
凝汽器19.961.2619.821.2419.481.2119.131.1718.861.1518.311.10
回热器16.251.0316.171.0116.061.0015.960.9815.830.9615.650.94
给水泵7.440.477.420.467.390.467.370.457.330.457.280.44
干燥器0.000.004.900.319.800.6114.700.9019.601.1924.501.48
辅机39.602.5039.602.4839.602.4539.602.4339.602.4139.602.39
总计963.3060.83984.2961.571 005.3462.311 026.9663.071 048.7063.821 072.6664.70
㶲输出620.4039.17614.3338.43608.1737.69601.4536.93594.4236.18585.3635.30
㶲效率39.1738.4337.6936.9336.1835.30
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355627868352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

掺烧65%含水率的干化污泥时机组的㶲分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目参考工况掺烧量2%掺烧量4%掺烧量6%掺烧量8%掺烧量10%
单位MW%MW%MW%MW%MW%MW%
输入㶲湿污泥46.552.9193.085.77139.608.57186.1811.33232.7114.04
1 583.70100.001 552.0797.091 520.4494.231 488.8191.431 456.9488.671 425.3185.96
总输入的㶲1 583.70100.001 598.62100.001 613.52100.001 628.41100.001 643.12100.001 658.02100.00
湿污泥干燥后的㶲46.552.9193.085.77139.608.57186.1811.33232.7114.04
㶲损失锅炉828.4752.31845.4152.88862.6453.46880.5054.07898.5254.68919.0755.43
汽轮机43.582.7543.012.6942.512.6341.922.5741.262.5140.662.45
发电机8.010.517.940.507.870.497.790.487.700.477.590.46
凝汽器19.961.2619.821.2419.481.2119.131.1718.861.1518.311.10
回热器16.251.0316.171.0116.061.0015.960.9815.830.9615.650.94
给水泵7.440.477.420.467.390.467.370.457.330.457.280.44
干燥器0.000.004.900.319.800.6114.700.9019.601.1924.501.48
辅机39.602.5039.602.4839.602.4539.602.4339.602.4139.602.39
总计963.3060.83984.2961.571 005.3462.311 026.9663.071 048.7063.821 072.6664.70
㶲输出620.4039.17614.3338.43608.1737.69601.4536.93594.4236.18585.3635.30
㶲效率39.1738.4337.6936.9336.1835.30
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355741114568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Basic parameters for the economic analysis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
年运行时间N/h7 200.00
耦合机组生命周期n[23]/a30.00
上网电价ce[24]/(元·(kW·h)–1)0.40
污泥处理补贴csh[25]/(元·t–1)170.00
湿污泥储存费用cwh[22]/(万元·t–1)4.49
污泥干燥设备[22]/(万元·t–1)4.03
煤价pm[26]/(元·t–1)580.00
贴现率idis[24]/%8.00
年运行维护系数Ψ[27]/%4.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355833389264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

经济性分析基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
年运行时间N/h7 200.00
耦合机组生命周期n[23]/a30.00
上网电价ce[24]/(元·(kW·h)–1)0.40
污泥处理补贴csh[25]/(元·t–1)170.00
湿污泥储存费用cwh[22]/(万元·t–1)4.49
污泥干燥设备[22]/(万元·t–1)4.03
煤价pm[26]/(元·t–1)580.00
贴现率idis[24]/%8.00
年运行维护系数Ψ[27]/%4.00
), ArticleFig(id=1236693355959218391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

The techno-economic analysis results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目掺烧量2%掺烧量4%掺烧量6%掺烧量8%掺烧量10%
污泥质量流量/(kg·s–1)10.1820.3630.5240.7150.88
总投资成本/万元15 602.8931 205.7746 778.0062 396.2277 983.78
污泥处理补贴/万元4 485.718 971.4313 448.3317 938.4522 419.76
年净收益/万元4 640.659 341.7814 020.1918 729.0023 428.85
动态回收周期/a4.074.044.044.034.02
), ArticleFig(id=1236693356068270304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693345037251180, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

技术经济性分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目掺烧量2%掺烧量4%掺烧量6%掺烧量8%掺烧量10%
污泥质量流量/(kg·s–1)10.1820.3630.5240.7150.88
总投资成本/万元15 602.8931 205.7746 778.0062 396.2277 983.78
污泥处理补贴/万元4 485.718 971.4313 448.3317 938.4522 419.76
年净收益/万元4 640.659 341.7814 020.1918 729.0023 428.85
动态回收周期/a4.074.044.044.034.02
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燃煤电站掺烧污泥热力学与经济性分析
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刘铭宇 , 陈志董 , 张浩儒 , 余建豪 , 张国强 , 张锴 , 杨立军
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024,53(4): 73-83
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024, 53(4): 73-83
燃煤电站掺烧污泥热力学与经济性分析
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刘铭宇 , 陈志董, 张浩儒, 余建豪, 张国强 , 张锴, 杨立军
作者信息
  • 华北电力大学热电生产过程污染物监测与控制北京市重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 刘铭宇(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为能源动力系统节能与优化,

通讯作者:

张国强(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为能源动力集成及其优化,
Thermodynamic and economic analysis of co-firing dried sludge in coal-fired power plants
Mingyu LIU , Zhidong CHEN, Haoru ZHANG, Jianhao YU, Guoqiang ZHANG , Kai ZHANG, Lijun YANG
Affiliations
  • Beijing Key Lab of Emission Surveillance and Control for Thermal Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2024-04-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202310157
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我国污泥产量逐年增加,如何对其进行无害化、资源化处理成为亟待解决的问题,拟将燃煤电站与污泥干燥系统耦合,湿污泥干燥后进行掺烧。以某典型超临界660 MW机组为研究对象,在THA工况下,通过对锅炉进行热力计算和对系统整体进行热力学分析及经济性分析,研究掺烧不同含水率(10%、20%、35%、50%、65%)不同掺烧量(2%、4%、6%、8%、10%)的干化污泥对排烟温度、锅炉效率、净发电效率、湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率等参数的影响。结果表明:当干化污泥含水率超过50%时会导致参数恶化且随掺烧量的增加变化趋势加剧;干化污泥的含水率应控制在50%及以下,若超过此值,掺烧量应小于4%;掺烧污泥导致系统的㶲效率降低,主要原因是锅炉和干燥设备的㶲损失增加;当掺烧含水率为20%,掺烧量为10%的干化污泥时,系统经济性最好,动态回收周期仅为4.02年。

污泥干燥  /  含水率  /  掺烧量  /  燃煤电站  /  热力学分析  /  经济性分析

The increasing volume of sewage sludge production in China has created an urgent need for its harmless and resourceful treatment. This paper aims to tackle this issue by adopting a novel strategy that integrates coal-fired power plants with a sewage sludge drying system, in this method, the sludge will be co-fired after being dried. By taking a typical supercritical 660 MW unit as the research object, the influences of moisture content (10%, 20%, 35%, 50%, and 65%) and blending ratio (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) of the dried sludge on parameters such as flue gas temperature, boiler efficiency, net power generation efficiency, equivalent net efficiency of sewage sludge power generation and equivalent net efficiency of dried sludge power generation are investigated through thermodynamic calculation of the boiler and comprehensive thermodynamic and economic analysis of the entire system under THA condition. The results indicate that, when the moisture content of the dried sludge exceeds 50%, it leads to parameter deterioration, and this trend intensifies with an increase in the blending ratio. Considering all factors, it is recommended to maintain the moisture content of the dried sludge at 50% or below, and if it exceeds this value, the blending ratio should be limited to less than 4%. Blending sludge leads to a reduction in the exergy efficiency of the system, which is mainly due to the increasing exergy losses in the boiler and drying equipment. Moreover, the study reveals that the optimal economic performance is achieved when blending the sludge with moisture content of 20% and blending ratio of 10%, in this case the dynamic payback period is only 4.02 years.

sewage sludge drying  /  moisture content  /  blending amount  /  coal-fired power station  /  thermodynamic analysis  /  economic analysis
刘铭宇, 陈志董, 张浩儒, 余建豪, 张国强, 张锴, 杨立军. 燃煤电站掺烧污泥热力学与经济性分析. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (4) : 73 -83 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202310157
Mingyu LIU, Zhidong CHEN, Haoru ZHANG, Jianhao YU, Guoqiang ZHANG, Kai ZHANG, Lijun YANG. Thermodynamic and economic analysis of co-firing dried sludge in coal-fired power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (4) : 73 -83 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202310157
近年来,随着我国经济的不断发展和城镇化水平的不断提高,污泥处理问题也日益严峻。据统计,早在2019年,我国的污泥年产量已经超过6 000万t,并且每年平均以500万t的速度增长[1]。污泥中含有大量的有毒物质,但大部分的污泥并没有进行无害化处理,这将会对生态环境甚至是身体健康产生危害[2]。2021年6月,国家发展改革委住房城乡建设部印发的《“十四五”城镇污水处理及资源化利用发展规划》中指出,到2025年城市污泥无害化率达到95%以上[3],到2035年,全面实现污泥无害化处置。因此,面对日益增长的污泥产量,如何对其无害化、资源化处理成为现在面临的主要环境问题之一。
在我国,为实现污泥的减量化和稳定化,采取的主要技术手段为脱水、好氧发酵、厌氧消化、热解炭化等;为了实现污泥的无害化和资源化,一般采用肥料式土壤改良剂、焚烧、卫生填埋、建材利用等技术[4]。目前,国内应用最广泛且比较成熟的污泥处理处置方式是卫生填埋[5],但近些年我国利用卫生填埋法处理污泥的比例逐渐减少。此外,污泥焚烧是一种比较好的资源化处理方式,这种方法可以将污泥中的病菌、寄生虫等有害物质彻底消除[6],更重要的是将污泥干燥后进行焚烧可以最大限度的回收其能量,实现其资源利用的最大化。
污泥焚烧的方式可以分为单独焚烧和掺混焚烧。单独焚烧技术较为成熟[7],其缺点是建设费用和后期的维护运行费用均较高,整个系统的效率较低,无法实现大规模应用。掺混焚烧克服了以上缺点,利用火电机组规模大、参数高的特点,将煤与污泥掺烧,实现了污泥的无害化、资源化利用,减少了对化石能源的使用,提高了机组燃料灵活性[8],有助于尽早实现“双碳”目标。不断产生的污泥也可以视为一种可再生能源,传统燃煤机组掺烧污泥增加了可再生能源的比重,进一步优化了能源结构。此外,处理污泥还可以为电厂带来一定的市政收益,增加收益。
目前,很多学者已经对燃煤电站掺烧污泥进行了大量研究。陈志董等[9]建立了污泥干燥过程热力学模型,分析了干燥过程的热力特性,并将燃煤机组与污泥干燥系统耦合,对不同风泥比下系统性能进行研究。周凌宇等[10]研究了330 MW机组在不同负荷下掺烧不同含水率污泥时排烟温度、锅炉效率的变化特性。周虹光等[11]研究了纯燃煤和掺烧污泥2种工况条件下二噁英在采集样品中的浓度及同系物分布情况。李源等[12]研究了1 000 MW机组在不同的机组负荷、污泥含水率、掺烧比例下,锅炉效率、厂用电率、机组供电煤耗率的变化特性。王一坤等[13]分别研究了在不同的负荷下掺烧量变化时烟气抽取比例、锅炉热效率、燃煤量、烟气温度、减温水量及烟气量等参数的变化特性,以及蒸汽抽取位置对抽蒸汽干化污泥耦合发电燃煤机组运行参数的影响[14]。陈大元等[15]研究了耦合污泥发电对燃煤机组的影响,结果发现只要污泥掺烧比例小于10%,锅炉可稳定运行。马睿[16]通过热力计算详细分析了420 t/h的燃煤锅炉掺烧含水率为20%的干化污泥时,不同污泥掺烧比例对燃煤电站锅炉排烟温度、排烟热损失和锅炉热效率等参数的影响。
总体而言,目前针对燃煤电站掺烧污泥的研究多集中于污泥掺烧对锅炉运行的影响,而缺少对系统整体的热力学分析和经济性分析。鉴于此,本文针对660 MW燃煤机组,将其与污泥干燥系统耦合,通过对耦合系统详细的能量分析、㶲分析和经济性分析,得出THA工况下不同污泥含水率和掺烧量对锅炉排烟温度、锅炉效率、净发电效率等参数的影响,提出湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率评价指标,并通过㶲分析挖掘了耦合系统的能量损耗机理。最后从经济学的角度对耦合系统的性能进行评估,结果表明污泥掺烧具有良好的经济效益。
本文选取某典型超临界660 MW燃煤机组作为研究对象,该机组主要由超临界燃煤锅炉、凝汽式汽轮机(高压缸、中压缸和低压缸)、凝汽器、发电机和回热系统组成。其中,锅炉为超临界参数变压运行螺旋管圈直流炉,汽轮机为一次中间再热凝汽式汽轮机,过热器和再热器蒸汽出口温度均为566 ℃,常规热力系统汽水循环回热系统有8级回热抽汽,包括3级高压回热加热器、1级除氧器和4级低压回热加热器,参考燃煤机组的主要运行参数见表1
锅炉截面18 816 mm×17 696 mm,采用单炉膛、一次中间再热、四角切圆燃烧方式、平衡通风、全钢架悬吊结构、Π型布置、固态排渣,炉后尾部布置2台三分仓容克式空气预热器。
为研究燃煤发电机组掺烧污泥后的影响,将燃煤发电系统与污泥干燥系统进行耦合,具体流程如图1所示。在原燃煤发电机组的基础上增加污泥干燥设备,热源为汽轮机的高温抽汽,干燥后的污泥与煤掺混后输送至锅炉炉膛焚烧发电。高温抽汽释放热量后变为凝结水,然后进入回热系统的疏水管道继续参与机组的汽水循环,其中空气的主要作用是将污泥干燥出来的水蒸气带走。
耦合发电系统的污泥干燥设备采用5号抽汽作为干燥污泥的热源,将含水率为80%的湿污泥分别干燥至含水率为10%、20%、35%、50%和65%的干化污泥。在保持输入锅炉燃料总能量不变的前提下,湿污泥的处理量取决于干化污泥燃烧释放热量占总能量的百分比,干化污泥占比为2%、4%、6%、8%和10%,即为掺烧量。5号抽汽参数为253.11 ℃/0.39 MPa,5号低压回热加热器的进口疏水管道参数为100.00 ℃/1.02 MPa。污泥干燥过程的热力学参数见表2,污泥和煤的主要参数见表3。当污泥含水率为80%时热值只有1.00 MJ/kg,干燥后污泥的热值会随着含水率的降低会有不同程度的提升。
假设忽略污泥颗粒与水分子之间的混合能,则污泥干燥前后其收到基低位发热量的关系变化可表示为[17]
Qar0,net=(Qar1,net+2 500Mar1)1Mar01Mar12 500Mar0
式中:Qar0,netQar1,net为湿污泥和干化污泥的收到基低位发热量,kJ/kg;Mar0Mar1为湿污泥和干化污泥中水分,%。
由式(1)可知,若湿污泥收到基低位发热量Qar0,net和水分Mar0已知,则干化污泥低位发热量与水分成线性关系。假设干燥过程中污泥中除了水分外没有其他成分析出,可以得知干化污泥的其他成分与湿污泥中的关系为:
ωar1=ωar0(1Mar1)100Mar0
式中:ωar1为干化污泥中的C、H、O、N、S、Cl或A,%;ωar0为湿污泥中C、H、O、N、S、Cl或A,%。
本文使用EBSILON Professional 14.01软件对热力系统进行模拟。EBSILON是一款专业的一体化电厂模拟软件,被广泛用于电厂和其他热力系统的设计、评价以及优化。在使用EBSILON软件对耦合系统进行建模的过程中,软件中各主要组件设置见表4
为了计算耦合系统的热力学性能,给出下列基本假设:
1)参考机组与耦合系统中输入锅炉内的燃料总能量以及锅炉出口蒸汽参数保持不变;
2)热源(抽汽)的流量可以随干燥过程所需换热量的变化而变化;
3)在干燥过程中,湿污泥的温度也逐渐升高,并且湿污泥与接触到的空气温度始终一致(空气与接触到的污泥处于热平衡);
4)耦合系统各工况的厂用电量保持不变,且都为参考机组工况下发电量的6%;
5)环境温度为25 ℃、压力101.325 kPa,忽略其他环境因素的影响。
热力计算流程如图2所示。
首先,计算燃料燃烧和锅炉理论空气量得到烟气焓温表,在热平衡计算中通过给定的排烟温度对炉膛进行热力计算,求得燃料的消耗量;然后,假设热空气温度,并确认炉膛出口烟气温度及其所吸收的热量,在前屏热力计算中,设定分离器蒸汽温度和前屏进口汽温,并进行计算;随后,使用渐近法按照烟气流动的方向,对各受热面进行热力计算,同时逐步校正附加受热面的吸热量和减温水量;最后,进行锅炉整体热量平衡核算和误差计算。
锅炉效率ηgl为:
ηgl=100(q2+q3+q4+q5+q6)
式中:q2为排烟热损失,%;q3为可燃气体未完全燃烧热损失,%;q4为固体未完全燃烧热损失,%;q5为散热损失,%;q6为灰渣物理热损失,%。
锅炉机组吸热量应与燃料送入锅炉的热量相平衡,其误差为:
ΔQ=Qfηgl100(QR+Qst+Qsh+Qrh+Qch,d)(1q4100)
式中:QR为锅炉辐射吸热量,kJ/kg;QstQshQrhQch,d分别为悬吊管、过热器、再热器、省煤器的对流吸热量及转向室的辐射吸热量,kJ/kg;Qf为1 kg燃料输入锅炉机组的热量,kJ/kg。
污泥干燥设备在干燥过程所需能量分为3部分:一部分蒸发湿污泥中的水分;另一部分提高污泥温度;最后一部分是干燥设备热量损失。综上所述,污泥干燥设备所需要的热量为:
Qreq,dr=Δmw[r+csTs2,drT0]+cc(mcΔmw)(Tc2,drT0)+cama(Ta2,drT0)
式中:r为每千克的水分蒸发平均需要的热量,2 500.00 kJ/kg[18]mc为湿污泥的质量流量,kg/s;Ts2,dr为干燥设备排出的蒸汽温度;cs为蒸汽的平均恒压比热容,1.85 kJ/(kg·K)[19]Tc2,dr为干化污泥的温度,K;cs为水的比热容,4.19 kJ/(kg·K);cc为干化污泥的热容,1.00 kJ/(kg·K);ca为干燥空气的恒压比热容,1.004 kJ/(kg·K)[19]Ta2,dr为干燥设备出口的空气温度,K;T0为环境温度,K。
空气通入污泥干燥设备的作用是携带湿污泥被加热后蒸发出来的水分。空气的质量流量只取决于空气的吸收能力,可以表示为[19]
ma=Δmwdd0=Δmw0.622psppsd0
式中:d0为污泥干燥设备进口空气的湿度,kg/kg;d为污泥干燥设备出口污泥的湿度,kg/kg;∆mw为湿污泥加热出来的水蒸气的质量流量,kg/s;pps分别为大气压和污泥干燥设备出口空气温度下对应的饱和空气压力,kPa。
为了对耦合系统进行热力学分析,首先计算系统净发电效率ηcp
ηcp=PoutPchQin
式中:Pout为系统中发电机的输出功率,MW;Pch为系统中的厂用电量,MW;Qin为输入系统的总能量,取煤和湿污泥的低位热值计算,MW。
为直观描述掺烧污泥对系统的影响,提出湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率2个评价指标。其中,湿污泥发电折合净效率ηsh为:
ηsh=Poutmm×gmsh×Lsh
式中:mm为系统中输入的煤的质量流量,kg/s;g为参考机组中1 kg煤的发电量,MW/kg;msh为系统中湿污泥的质量流量,kg/s;Lsh为湿污泥的低位发热量,1 000.00 kJ/kg。
系统干化污泥发电折合净效率ηg为:
ηg=Poutmm×gmg×Lg
式中:mg为系统中经干燥后的干污泥质量流量,kg/s;Lg为湿污泥的低位发热量,kJ/kg。
流量变动会导致汽轮机各级压力发生改变,使用弗留格尔公式进行计算:
D1D0=p112p122p012p022T01T11
式中:D1D0分别为变工况和基准工况下的蒸汽流量,kg/s;p11p12分别为变工况级前、级后的压力;p01p02分别为基准工况级前、级后的压力,MPa;T01T11分别为基准工况和变工况级前蒸汽的热力学温度,K。
㶲分析可以确定系统中能量损失的位置、大小和来源,为优化系统提供方向[20]。为揭示耦合后系统发电效率减小的机理,并与基于热力学第一定律的能量分析进行互补,对原系统与新系统进行了㶲分析。煤和污泥的㶲根据化学组成表示为[21]
Ec=mc(Qar,net+rMar)β+941 7w(S)
β=0.188 2w(H)w(C)+0.061w(O)w(C)+0.040 4w(N)w(C)+1.043 7
式中:w(S)、w(H)、w(N)、w(C)、w(O)分别是煤和污泥中硫、氢、氮、碳、氧的质量分数,%。
由于系统中的设备或子系统始终处于稳态,其㶲平衡可以表示为:
EEX,in+Win=EEX,out+Wout+EEX,des
式中:ΣEEX,in为总输入㶲,MW;ΣWin为总输入功量,MW;ΣEEX,out为总输出㶲,MW;ΣWout为总输出功量,MW;ΣEEX,des为总㶲损失,MW。
系统㶲效率ηex可以定义为:
ηex=PoutEEX,w
式中:EEX,w为燃料的总㶲,MW。
图3图4分别展示了锅炉排烟温度和锅炉效率随干化污泥含水率及掺烧量的变化情况。
图3图4可见,锅炉排烟温度随着干化污泥含水率及掺烧量的增加而增加。这主要是因为含水率和掺烧量的增加意味着输入锅炉内燃料的含水率增加,使得炉膛内的理论燃烧温度降低,影响了锅炉内的热量传递,导致最终的排烟温度增加,排烟热损失增加,锅炉效率也随之减小。当干化污泥含水率小于65%时,排烟温度增加了0.3~7.3 ℃,锅炉效率降低了0.04%~0.72%。可见,在掺烧量低于10%,含水率小于65%时,掺烧污泥对锅炉的运行并无较大影响,但当污泥含水率为65%时,随着掺烧量的增加,锅炉排烟温度升高了2.2~24.3 K,锅炉效率降低了0.24%~2.03%,出现了较大的变化幅度,这不仅会影响锅炉正常运行甚至会威胁整个机组安全。因此,考虑锅炉安全稳定运行,干化污泥含水率应控制在50%及以下,当含水率超过此值时掺烧量应小于4%。
图5图7分别展示了主蒸汽流量、抽汽量以及发电量随污泥含水率及掺烧量的变化。
图5图7可以看出,由于输入锅炉的热量以及锅炉出口蒸汽参数保持不变,随着干化污泥的掺烧量和含水率增加,锅炉效率降低,机组主蒸汽流量随之下降,干燥系统的抽汽量增加,这导致汽轮机中用来做功的蒸汽量减少,影响了整个机组的热力学循环,致使机组发电量减小。该过程中汽轮机各级在蒸汽流量改变时其他参数的计算依据弗留格尔公式,并且由于抽汽量较少,不考虑汽轮机相对内效率的变化。
图7可见,当干化污泥含水率为50%时,随着掺烧量由2%、4%、6%、8%增加到10%,机组发电量分别减小了0.88%、1.75%、2.61%、3.48%、4.32%。为减少污泥掺烧量对机组发电量的影响,应将干化污泥的含水率控制在50%及以下。
掺烧污泥后机组净发电效率变化如图8所示。
图8可以看出,干化污泥的含水率越小对机组发电越有利,当干化污泥的含水率小于65%时,净发电效率随着含水率的减小和掺烧量的增加而增加。这主要是因为煤与湿污泥的总能量随着掺烧量的增加而减小,即使机组输出功率也在减小,但是功率减小的幅度小于煤与湿污泥总能量的减小幅度。当干化污泥含水率为65%时,净发电效率先增加后减小,极值出现在掺烧量为4%时,此时的净发电效率为42.45%;当掺烧量大于6%,掺烧污泥开始对净发电效率产生负面影响,且随着掺烧量的增加,净发电效率减小幅度也在增加。
掺烧污泥量对湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率影响如图9图10所示。湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率的变化直接反映了干化污泥掺烧对机组发电方面的贡献。
图9图10可见:当掺烧量保持一定时,干化污泥含水率越高,湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率越小,且变化趋势逐渐增加;当含水率小于65%时,湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率随着掺烧量的增加而增加;当含水率为65%时,湿污泥发电折合净效率和干化污泥发电折合净效率随着掺烧量的增加而减小,说明此时继续掺烧污泥对机组的贡献是负的,这也印证了机组净发电效率的变化趋势。
因此,综合来看,干化污泥的含水率应控制在50%及以下,当含水率超过此值时掺烧量应小于4%。
由于掺烧污泥使得煤和湿污泥的总能量的减小量大于机组输出功率的减小量,掺烧机组的净发电效率大于参考机组的净发电效率;由于污泥的发电量一定时,干化污泥总热值大于湿污泥总热值,湿污泥发电折合净效率高于干化污泥发电折合净效率;且煤的发电效率和系统的净发电效率处于两个折合净效率之间。
在掺烧65%含水率的污泥时,锅炉及整个机组效率明显下降,所以在此工况下的节能潜力也最大。㶲分析方法是寻找热力系统节能潜力的有效途径,为机组节能降耗指引方向,现对掺烧65%含水率污泥工况进行㶲效率分析。
表5展示了参考机组和其他5个掺烧工况的㶲分析结果。由表5可以得出以下结论。
1)在含水率不变的情况下,机组的㶲效率随掺烧量增加而减小,分别为39.17%、38.43%、37.69%、36.93%、36.18%、35.30%。这主要是由于锅炉及干燥器的㶲损失随掺烧量的增加不断增加。
2)在同一掺烧量下,污泥干燥前后的㶲保持不变。这是由于干燥后污泥中的水分降低,但㶲的决定性物质即污泥中的可燃物没有改变,污泥的㶲也不会改变。
3)与参考机组相比,随着掺烧量的增加,输入机组的总㶲分别增加了14.92、29.82、44.71、59.42、74.32 MW。这主要是由于在保持输入锅炉总能量不变的条件下,随着污泥掺烧量不断增加,掺入污泥的㶲大于因掺入污泥而节省的那部分煤的㶲。
4)在掺烧工况中,锅炉㶲损失所占比例最大,且随着掺烧比例的增大而增加,相比于参考机组分别增加了0.57、1.15、1.76、2.37、3.12百分点。这主要是由于污泥掺烧的质量不断增加,影响了锅炉炉膛内的正常燃烧,燃烧温度降低,传热效果下降,使得排烟㶲增加,锅炉的㶲损失也随之增加。
5)在掺烧工况中,干燥器的㶲损失变化较大,分别为4.90、9.80、14.70、19.60、24.50 MW。这是由于随掺烧量增加,湿污泥质量随之增加,作为热源的高温抽汽质量增加,而干燥设备的㶲损主要来自抽汽释放热量变为凝结水过程产生的㶲损,因此干燥设备的㶲损增加。
6)其他部件㶲损失随着掺烧量的增加没有明显变化。
耦合发电系统相比于原燃煤发电系统增加了污泥干燥设备与储存湿污泥的仓库费用,而且掺烧导致机组供电量减小,年售电收入降低,但污泥处理补贴以及节省燃煤带来收益。本文考虑到设备安装及系统改造,将总投资成本假设为污泥干燥设备费用和仓库费用的2.5倍[22],其他经济性分析基本参数见表6
年净收益Cin(万元)计算如下:
Cin=3.6mshNcsh×104+3.6ΔmmNpm×104+ΔPNce×104C0Ψ
式中:csh为处理污泥的补贴,元/吨;N为机组年平均运行时间,h;Δmm为所节省煤的质量流量,kg/s;∆P为因掺烧污泥而减少的发电量,kW·h;pm为煤的价格,元/t;ce为上网电价,元/(kW·h);Ψ为年运行维护系数,%。
通过动态回收周期DPP简略分析系统技术经济特性,定义如下:
y=1DPP(CinCout)(1+idis)y=0
式中:y为机组生命周期中的年份,年;Cout为在第y年的现金流出,万元;idis为贴现率,%。
图11给出了动态回收周期随污泥含水率和掺烧量的变化。从图11可见,当污泥含水率为20%时,动态回收周期最小,保持20%含水率不变,动态回收周期随掺烧量的增加而减小,在掺烧量10%时最小,为4.02年。
表7给出了干化污泥含水率20%时不同掺烧量下的系统经济性分析结果。从表7可以看出,总投资成本随掺烧量增加(2%~10%)分别增加15 602.89、31 205.77、46 778.00、62 396.22、77 983.78万元,但污泥处理补贴后的年净收益可以达到4 640.65、9 341.78、14 020.19、18 729.00、23 428.85万元,动态回收周期分别为4.07、4.04、4.04、4.03、4.02年。
系统技术经济性能会受到总投资成本、污泥处理补贴等因素的影响,总投资成本受物价水平影响,而污泥处理补贴则受当地政策的影响。图12图13给出了污泥含水率为20%、掺烧量为10%时,总投资成本和污泥处理补贴浮动对动态回收周期的影响。从图12图13可以看出:动态回收周期随总投资成本的增加而增加,总投资成本每提高10%,动态回收周期增加0.45~0.49年;污泥处理补贴占据了年净收益的大部分,对机组经济性影响较大,动态回收周期随着污泥处理补贴的增加而减小,补贴每增加10元/t,动态回收周期约减少0.20~0.46年。
1)保持进入锅炉的总能量不变,掺烧干化污泥会引起锅炉排烟温度升高和锅炉效率下降,其变化幅度均随着污泥掺烧量及含水率的增加而增大。随着掺烧量和含水率的增加,主蒸汽流量降低,干燥系统抽汽量增加,影响了机组正常的热力循环,最终导致机组发电量减小。
2)掺烧含水率小于65 %的干化污泥时,机组的净发电效率、湿污泥发电折合净效率和干污泥发电折合净效率随着掺烧量的增加而增加。掺烧含水率为65 %的污泥时,随着掺烧量的增加,这3个效率出现了较大幅度的减小。从锅炉和整个机组综合来看,干化污泥的含水率应控制在50%及以下,当含水率超过此值时掺烧量应小于4%。
3)污泥含水率保持不变时,机组㶲效率随掺烧量的增加而减小。主要原因是锅炉㶲损失和污泥干燥设备㶲损失的增加。
4)当参考机组与污泥干燥系统耦合后,经济性最优方案是将湿污泥干燥至含水率20%、掺烧量为10%时,总投资成本为77 983.78万元,年净收益达到了23 428.85万元,只需4.02年即可收回总投资成本。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1910215)
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2024年第53卷第4期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202310157
  • 接收时间:2023-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2024-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-17
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Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1910215)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1910215)
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    华北电力大学热电生产过程污染物监测与控制北京市重点实验室,北京 102206

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张国强(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为能源动力集成及其优化,
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