Article(id=1236693164719919817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236693158340383361, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716912000000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772780227116, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772780227116, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772780227116, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772780227116, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236693158340383361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='170', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772780225595, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772780311062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236693516861100679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236693158340383361, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236693516861100680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236693158340383361, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=55, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236693167400080186, articleId=1236693164719919817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Load distribution optimization for combined heat and power units based on synergy of heat load and heat source, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The conventional heating method in thermal power plants has low energy utilization efficiency. To deeply explore the energy-saving potential of cogeneration units, a source load coordination load optimization allocation model for cogeneration units is proposed, which comprehensively considers the heat load side and heat source side. A modified outdoor temperature-heat load prediction model is established considering meteorological disturbances on the load side, and an energy efficiency variation model for cogeneration units is established on the heat source side. An optimal scheduling model considering source-load coordination is constructed with the goal of minimizing the coal consumption rate of all heating units. Finally, simulation experiment is carried out based on the heat network composed of six units and two heaters. The results show that, the load optimization distribution method considering source-load coordination based on the predicted value of heat load can effectively reduce the total coal consumption of the units during the heating period. Compared with the conventional distribution method, the coal consumption of the thermal power plant can be reduced by 214.56 tons in one day during the typical peak heating period, which is helpful to improve the operation economy of the thermal power plant. This load optimization distribution method has certain practical application value.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Jie LI, Yong HU, Yushan ZHANG, Dan DENG, Lu LIANG, Deliang ZENG, Jizhen LIU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236693171321754613, articleId=1236693164719919817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于源荷协同的热电联产机组负荷优化分配, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

热电厂传统供热方式能源利用效率低,为深度挖掘热电联产机组节能潜力,提出一种综合考虑热负荷侧和热源侧的热电联产机组源荷协同负荷优化分配模型。在负荷侧考虑气象扰动建立了修正的室外温度-热负荷预测模型,热源侧建立了热电联产机组能效变工况模型;以全部供热机组发电煤耗率最低为目标构建源-荷协同的多机组优化调度模型;最后在由6台热电联产机组和2组加热器组成的热网供热场景开展仿真验证。仿真结果表明,基于热负荷预测值的源荷协同热电联产机组负荷优化分配方法可以有效降低供热期内机组总煤耗量,相比传统分配方法,典型尖峰供暖期1天内热电厂煤耗量可以减少214.56 t。所提负荷优化分配方法有助于提高热电厂运行经济性,具有一定实际应用价值。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
胡勇(1986),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为火电机组智能发电、控制系统建模与优化,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=5dyYmzRTjehH+xYDtCbWGw==, magXml=WMChKQ+i9iyjk3jJ+hozug==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=XGIhKNJ50gCmfOHHsE+RKA==, pdfFileSize=1566428, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=2GYaGm9Pi/HIbOy+33vOxA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=+SE38lEwRpnNKSWitr3/4Q==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

李杰(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为热电联产机组负荷优化分配,

, authorsList=李杰, 胡勇, 张语珊, 邓丹, 梁璐, 曾德良, 刘吉臻)}, authors=[Author(id=1236701820576387914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lijie925@ncepu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701820664468303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701820576387914, language=EN, stringName=Jie LI, firstName=Jie, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701820723188561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701820576387914, language=CN, stringName=李杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio={"content":"

李杰(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为热电联产机组负荷优化分配,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李杰(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为热电联产机组负荷优化分配,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820412810046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820417004352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820425392960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])]), Author(id=1236701820781908821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=52702474@ncepu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701820861600600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701820781908821, language=EN, stringName=Yong HU, firstName=Yong, middleName=null, lastName=HU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701820945486682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701820781908821, language=CN, stringName=胡勇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])]), Author(id=1236701821000012639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821083898720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821000012639, language=EN, stringName=Yushan ZHANG, firstName=Yushan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821155201889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821000012639, language=CN, stringName=张语珊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])]), Author(id=1236701821264253795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821335556968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821264253795, language=EN, stringName=Dan DENG, firstName=Dan, middleName=null, lastName=DENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821398471530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821264253795, language=CN, stringName=邓丹, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])]), Author(id=1236701821465580396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821566243697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821465580396, language=EN, stringName=Lu LIANG, firstName=Lu, middleName=null, lastName=LIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821637546867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821465580396, language=CN, stringName=梁璐, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])]), Author(id=1236701821717238646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701821813707644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821717238646, language=EN, stringName=Deliang ZENG, firstName=Deliang, middleName=null, lastName=ZENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701823256548222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701821717238646, language=CN, stringName=曾德良, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820412810046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820417004352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820425392960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])]), Author(id=1236701823319462785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236701823432708999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701823319462785, language=EN, stringName=Jizhen LIU, firstName=Jizhen, middleName=null, lastName=LIU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236701823512400777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, authorId=1236701823319462785, language=CN, stringName=刘吉臻, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820412810046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820417004352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820425392960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236701823642424203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=combined heat and power), Keyword(id=1236701823717921677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=heat load forecasting), Keyword(id=1236701823768253327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=synergy of heat load and heat source), Keyword(id=1236701823839556497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=slime mould algorithm), Keyword(id=1236701823902471059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=load distribution optimization), Keyword(id=1236701823961191317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=热电联产), Keyword(id=1236701824024105879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=热负荷预测), Keyword(id=1236701824091214745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=源荷协同), Keyword(id=1236701824166712219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=黏菌算法), Keyword(id=1236701824238015388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=负荷优化分配)], refs=[Reference(id=1236701827689927632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=黄大为, 史博铭, 于娜, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄大为, 史博铭, 于娜, 等. 热电联产机组利用热网动态特性提升实时灵活性的自调度策略[J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报: 1-13. (2024-04-30)[2024-05-20]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240168., articleTitle=热电联产机组利用热网动态特性提升实时灵活性的自调度策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701827765425106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=HUANG Dawei, SHI Boming, YU Na, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Dawei, SHI Boming, YU Na, et al. Self-scheduling strategy to improve the real-time flexibility of CHP unit by utilizing heat network dynamic characteristics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE: 1-13. (2024-04-30)[2024-05-20]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240168., articleTitle=Self-scheduling strategy to improve the real-time flexibility of CHP unit by utilizing heat network dynamic characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701827824145364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=359, pageEnd=364, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=薛小军, 侯智华, 张红昌, journalName=动力工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛小军, 侯智华, 张红昌, 等. 碳中和背景下燃气热电联产与地源热泵耦合替代燃气锅炉供热研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 359-364., articleTitle=碳中和背景下燃气热电联产与地源热泵耦合替代燃气锅炉供热研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701827878671318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=359, pageEnd=364, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=XUE Xiaojun, HOU Zhihua, ZHANG Hongchang, journalName=Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUE Xiaojun, HOU Zhihua, ZHANG Hongchang, et al. Study on replacing gas-fired boiler by gas-fired cogeneration coupled with ground source heat pump for heating under carbon neutral background[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(4): 359-364., articleTitle=Study on replacing gas-fired boiler by gas-fired cogeneration coupled with ground source heat pump for heating under carbon neutral background, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701827933197272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=任晨星, 任清洁, 高翔, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=任晨星, 任清洁, 高翔. “双碳”背景下我国低碳电力发展研究[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(2): 1-7., articleTitle=“双碳”背景下我国低碳电力发展研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828000306138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=7, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=REN Chenxing, REN Qingjie, GAO Xiang, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=REN Chenxing, REN Qingjie, GAO Xiang. Research on low-carbon electric power development in China under “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” background[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(2): 1-7., articleTitle=Research on low-carbon electric power development in China under “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” background, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828059026396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=951, pageEnd=958, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=李蔚, 杨存辉, 吴国林, journalName=动力工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李蔚, 杨存辉, 吴国林, 等. 热电联产机组耦合吸收式热泵运行特性的研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2023, 43(7): 951-958., articleTitle=热电联产机组耦合吸收式热泵运行特性的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828121940958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=951, pageEnd=958, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=LI Wei, YANG Cunhui, WU Guolin, journalName=Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Wei, YANG Cunhui, WU Guolin, et al. Research on operating characteristics of coupled absorption heat pump for cogeneration units[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2023, 43(7): 951-958., articleTitle=Research on operating characteristics of coupled absorption heat pump for cogeneration units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828210021344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=380, pageEnd=386, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=卫治廷, 张敏, 周兴野, journalName=动力工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卫治廷, 张敏, 周兴野, 等. 基于黏菌算法的热电联产机组负荷优化分配[J]. 动力工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 380-386., articleTitle=基于黏菌算法的热电联产机组负荷优化分配, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828289713122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=4, pageStart=380, pageEnd=386, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=WEI Zhiting, ZHANG Min, ZHOU Xingye, journalName=Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Zhiting, ZHANG Min, ZHOU Xingye, et al. Optimal load distribution of cogeneration units based on slime mould algorithm[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(4): 380-386., articleTitle=Optimal load distribution of cogeneration units based on slime mould algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828381987812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=8, issue=null, pageStart=208281, pageEnd=208295, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=SHAHEEN A M, GINIDI A R, EL-SEHIEMY R A, journalName=IEEE Access, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAHEEN A M, GINIDI A R, EL-SEHIEMY R A, et al. Economic power and heat dispatch in cogeneration energy systems using manta ray foraging optimizer[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 208281-208295., articleTitle=Economic power and heat dispatch in cogeneration energy systems using manta ray foraging optimizer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828482651110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=11, authorNames=梁宁, 张霖, journalName=自动化与仪器仪表, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梁宁, 张霖. 基于改进灰狼算法在多锅炉负荷优化分配中的应用[J]. 自动化与仪器仪表, 2023(5): 13-17., articleTitle=基于改进灰狼算法在多锅炉负荷优化分配中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828532982760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=13, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=LIANG Ning, ZHANG Lin, journalName=Automation and Instrumentation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIANG Ning, ZHANG Lin. Application of improved grey wolf algorithm in multi-boiler load optimization[J]. Automation and Instrumentation, 2023(5): 13-17., articleTitle=Application of improved grey wolf algorithm in multi-boiler load optimization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828595897322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=26, pageStart=103, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=司风琪, 顾慧, 叶亚兰, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=司风琪, 顾慧, 叶亚兰, 等. 基于混沌粒子群算法的火电厂厂级负荷在线优化分配[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(26): 103- 109., articleTitle=基于混沌粒子群算法的火电厂厂级负荷在线优化分配, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828667200492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=31, issue=26, pageStart=103, pageEnd=109, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=SI Fengqi, GU Hui, YE Yalan, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SI Fengqi, GU Hui, YE Yalan, et al. Online unit load economic dispatch based on chaotic-particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(26): 103-109., articleTitle=Online unit load economic dispatch based on chaotic-particle swarm optimization algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828730115054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=12, pageStart=106, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=王印松, 姜灵斌, 王莺歌, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王印松, 姜灵斌, 王莺歌. 基于数字孪生技术的热电联产机组建模研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(12): 106-114., articleTitle=基于数字孪生技术的热电联产机组建模研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828793029616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=12, pageStart=106, pageEnd=114, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=WANG Yinsong, JIANG Lingbin, WANG Yingge, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yinsong, JIANG Lingbin, WANG Yingge. Research on modeling of cogeneration units based on digital twin technology[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(12): 106-114., articleTitle=Research on modeling of cogeneration units based on digital twin technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828855944178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=33, issue=9, pageStart=481, pageEnd=486, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=胡勇, 刘吉臻, 曾德良, journalName=动力工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡勇, 刘吉臻, 曾德良, 等. 定负荷下火电机组最优运行初压的确定[J]. 动力工程学报, 2013, 33(9): 481-486., articleTitle=定负荷下火电机组最优运行初压的确定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828906275828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=33, issue=9, pageStart=481, pageEnd=486, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=HU Yong, LIU Jizhen, ZENG Deliang, journalName=Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU Yong, LIU Jizhen, ZENG Deliang, et al. Determination of optimal initial operation pressure of a thermal power unit under given load[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2013, 33(9): 481-486., articleTitle=Determination of optimal initial operation pressure of a thermal power unit under given load, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701828998550517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=88, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=祁海波, 邹洋, 李钊, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=祁海波, 邹洋, 李钊, 等. 热电联产机组供热能耗影响因素研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(6): 88-95., articleTitle=热电联产机组供热能耗影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829065659383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=88, pageEnd=95, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=QI Haibo, ZOU Yang, LI Zhao, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QI Haibo, ZOU Yang, LI Zhao, et al. Study on factors affecting heating energy consumption of cogeneration unit[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(6): 88-95., articleTitle=Study on factors affecting heating energy consumption of cogeneration unit, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829183099897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=9, pageStart=158, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=高佳圣, 徐浩东, 王万权, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=高佳圣, 徐浩东, 王万权, 等. 集成太阳能辅助供热的600 MW高背压热电联产机组的运行及优化[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(9): 158-165., articleTitle=集成太阳能辅助供热的600 MW高背压热电联产机组的运行及优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829292151803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=9, pageStart=158, pageEnd=165, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=GAO Jiasheng, XU Haodong, WANG Wanquan, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GAO Jiasheng, XU Haodong, WANG Wanquan, et al. Operation and optimization of 600 MW high back pressure cogeneration unit with integrated solar assisted heating[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(9): 158-165., articleTitle=Operation and optimization of 600 MW high back pressure cogeneration unit with integrated solar assisted heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829350872061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=343, pageEnd=351, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=MILAN P, SHAHABODDIN S, DAIBOR P, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MILAN P, SHAHABODDIN S, DAIBOR P, et al. Forecasting of consumers heat load in district heating systems using the support vector machine with a discrete wavelet transform algorithm[J]. Energy, 2015, 87: 343-351., articleTitle=Forecasting of consumers heat load in district heating systems using the support vector machine with a discrete wavelet transform algorithm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829430563839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=289, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=HUA P, WANG H, XIE Z, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUA P, WANG H, XIE Z, et al. District heating load patterns and short-term forecasting for buildings and city level[J]. Energy, 2024, 289: 129866., articleTitle=District heating load patterns and short-term forecasting for buildings and city level, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829535420416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=91, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=刘立巍, 周建新, 刘培栋, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘立巍, 周建新, 刘培栋, 等. 基于KNN-LSTM的区域热负荷短期预测及在机组热电可行域的应用研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(3): 91-97., articleTitle=基于KNN-LSTM的区域热负荷短期预测及在机组热电可行域的应用研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829606723586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=38, issue=3, pageStart=91, pageEnd=97, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=LIU Liwei, ZHOU Jianxin, LIU Peidong, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Liwei, ZHOU Jianxin, LIU Peidong, et al. Short-term regional heat load prediction using KNN-LSTM and its application in CHP feasible operation region[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(3): 91-97., articleTitle=Short-term regional heat load prediction using KNN-LSTM and its application in CHP feasible operation region, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829686415363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=114, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=康敬德, 黄嘉驷, 乔磊, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=康敬德, 黄嘉驷, 乔磊, 等. 基于弹性网络回归的实际采暖热指标估算方法[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(2): 114-123., articleTitle=基于弹性网络回归的实际采暖热指标估算方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829770301445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=2, pageStart=114, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=KANG Jingde, HUANG Jiasi, QIAO Lei, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KANG Jingde, HUANG Jiasi, QIAO Lei, et al. Estimation method of actual heating heat index based on elastic network regression model[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(2): 114-123., articleTitle=Estimation method of actual heating heat index based on elastic network regression model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829833216007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=李沛峰, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李沛峰. 基于绿色供热的热电联产低温直供模式研究[D]. 保定: 华北电力大学, 2015: 1., articleTitle=基于绿色供热的热电联产低温直供模式研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829908713481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=30, authorNames=LI Peifeng, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Peifeng. Research on low temperature district heating of combined heat and power based on green heating[D]. Baoding: North China Electric Power University, 2015: 1., articleTitle=Research on low temperature district heating of combined heat and power based on green heating, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701829984210955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=430, pageEnd=439, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=31, authorNames=徐大海, 朱蓉, journalName=应用气象学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=徐大海, 朱蓉. 人对温度, 湿度, 风速的感觉与着衣指数的分析研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 2000, 11(4): 430-439., articleTitle=人对温度, 湿度, 风速的感觉与着衣指数的分析研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830055514125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=11, issue=4, pageStart=430, pageEnd=439, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=32, authorNames=XU Dahai, ZHU Rong, journalName=Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Dahai, ZHU Rong. The sensation of human to temperature humility wind speed and the clothing[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2000, 11(4): 430-439., articleTitle=The sensation of human to temperature humility wind speed and the clothing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830135205903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=27, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=33, authorNames=蔡麒, journalName=区域供热, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蔡麒. 气象因素与供热负荷的关系研究[J]. 区域供热, 2016(4): 27-32., articleTitle=气象因素与供热负荷的关系研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830227480593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=null, issue=4, pageStart=27, pageEnd=32, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=34, authorNames=CAI Qi, journalName=District Heating, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAI Qi. Study on the relationship between meteorological factors and heating load[J]. District Heating, 2016(4): 27-32., articleTitle=Study on the relationship between meteorological factors and heating load, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830319755283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=123, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=35, authorNames=石慧, 王洋, 马汀山, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石慧, 王洋, 马汀山, 等. 多机组、多模式的热电联产厂级供热优化[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(1): 123-129., articleTitle=多机组、多模式的热电联产厂级供热优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830391058453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=123, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=SHI Hui, WANG Yang, MA Tingshan, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI Hui, WANG Yang, MA Tingshan, et al. Plant-level heating optimization for multi-unit and multi-mode cogeneration[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(1): 123-129., articleTitle=Plant-level heating optimization for multi-unit and multi-mode cogeneration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830554636311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=132, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=37, authorNames=曹丽华, 周云龙, 李勇, journalName=汽轮机技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹丽华, 周云龙, 李勇. 汽轮机通流部分故障诊断基准值的研究[J]. 汽轮机技术, 2009, 51(2): 132-134., articleTitle=汽轮机通流部分故障诊断基准值的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830667882521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=51, issue=2, pageStart=132, pageEnd=134, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=38, authorNames=CAO Lihua, ZHOU Yunlong, LI Yong, journalName=Turbine Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO Lihua, ZHOU Yunlong, LI Yong. Study on the norm for fault diagnosis of steam turbine flow passage[J]. Turbine Technology, 2009, 51(2): 132-134., articleTitle=Study on the norm for fault diagnosis of steam turbine flow passage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701830730797083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=158, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=39, authorNames=李勇, 金国华, 曹祖庆, journalName=汽轮机技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李勇, 金国华, 曹祖庆. 弗留格尔公式的证明及应用[J]. 汽轮机技术, 1995, 37(3): 158-162., articleTitle=弗留格尔公式的证明及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701832165249053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1995, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=158, pageEnd=162, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=40, authorNames=LI Yong, JIN Guohua, CAO Zuqing, journalName=Turbine Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Yong, JIN Guohua, CAO Zuqing. Proving of Flǜgel formula and its application[J]. Turbine Technology, 1995, 37(3): 158-162., articleTitle=Proving of Flǜgel formula and its application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701832253329439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=318, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=41, authorNames=刘吉臻, 刘彧昕, 王玮, journalName=动力工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘吉臻, 刘彧昕, 王玮. 基于汽水分布方程的热力发电机组凝结水节流静态负荷响应特性[J]. 动力工程学报, 2015, 35(4): 318-324., articleTitle=基于汽水分布方程的热力发电机组凝结水节流静态负荷响应特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701832349798434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=4, pageStart=318, pageEnd=324, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=42, authorNames=LIU Jizhen, LIU Yuxin, WANG Wei, journalName=Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Jizhen, LIU Yuxin, WANG Wei. Study on Static load response of thermal power units caused by condensate throttling based on steam-water distribution equation[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2015, 35(4): 318-324., articleTitle=Study on Static load response of thermal power units caused by condensate throttling based on steam-water distribution equation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701832475627556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=111, issue=null, pageStart=300, pageEnd=323, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LI S M, CHEN H L, WANG M J, journalName=Future Generation Computer Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI S M, CHEN H L, WANG M J, et al. Slime mould algorithm: a new method for stochastic optimization[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2020, 111: 300-323., articleTitle=Slime mould algorithm: a new method for stochastic optimization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701832555319334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=5, pageStart=67, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=44, authorNames=肖卓楠, 张荣, 刘英琦, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=肖卓楠, 张荣, 刘英琦, 等. 太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(5): 67-74., articleTitle=太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236701832655982631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=5, pageStart=67, pageEnd=74, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=45, authorNames=XIAO Zhuonan, ZHANG Rong, LIU Yingqi, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO Zhuonan, ZHANG Rong, LIU Yingqi, et al. Analysis of heating, power generation and peak shaving performance of solar assisted cogeneration units[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(5): 67-74., articleTitle=Analysis of heating, power generation and peak shaving performance of solar assisted cogeneration units, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236701820412810046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820417004352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820425392960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820412810046, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236701820492501829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820500890437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236701820509279047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, companyId=1236701820492501829, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236701824418370463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The fitting relationship between actual outdoor temperature and heat load, figureFileSmall=yrLbutUzwjnALeLI5TB4Rw==, figureFileBig=klo72ivBmtRR0u83OEeC/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824477090721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图1, caption=实际室外温度与热负荷拟合关系, figureFileSmall=yrLbutUzwjnALeLI5TB4Rw==, figureFileBig=klo72ivBmtRR0u83OEeC/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824560976803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The fitting relationship between corrective outdoor temperature and heat load, figureFileSmall=oZCPabRyUzInQ412M9tHWw==, figureFileBig=T0r0iPXhUlmNvjHCZ3qE6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824632279973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图2, caption=经过修正后的室外温度与热负荷拟合关系, figureFileSmall=oZCPabRyUzInQ412M9tHWw==, figureFileBig=T0r0iPXhUlmNvjHCZ3qE6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824711971751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Structure of the heating network, figureFileSmall=YKvTjbQy0SZ7/u3dN+WIhA==, figureFileBig=HqRGw9Ai/iMjn8lVC6hlCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824770692009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图3, caption=热网结构, figureFileSmall=YKvTjbQy0SZ7/u3dN+WIhA==, figureFileBig=HqRGw9Ai/iMjn8lVC6hlCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824829412267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Flow chart of calculation under variable condition, figureFileSmall=3IELIFvO07P5wWi0z/7ESA==, figureFileBig=Gk1BWAYWrQtRwarlf6ITzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824896521133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图4, caption=变工况计算流程, figureFileSmall=3IELIFvO07P5wWi0z/7ESA==, figureFileBig=Gk1BWAYWrQtRwarlf6ITzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701824976212911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Optimal dispatching flow chart, figureFileSmall=MvESgrffsAKcL4bpOO2/bQ==, figureFileBig=j50Sc/9SLKh8n5eV64fo3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825064293297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图5, caption=优化调度流程, figureFileSmall=MvESgrffsAKcL4bpOO2/bQ==, figureFileBig=j50Sc/9SLKh8n5eV64fo3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825123013555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The electric coal consumption rates of six operation modes, figureFileSmall=+nvw3is+yG/J9QjuJXll2w==, figureFileBig=EEWwUnZIWmKFZHC4kXCEKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825190122421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图6, caption=6种运行方式煤耗率对比, figureFileSmall=+nvw3is+yG/J9QjuJXll2w==, figureFileBig=EEWwUnZIWmKFZHC4kXCEKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825278202807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The electric coal consumption rates with different distributions in mode 6, figureFileSmall=+tMetisHBt26f/gtrDJ7tg==, figureFileBig=i7Ks5hFk3R+q4qPk6tiRAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825345311673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图7, caption=方式6下不同分配方式煤耗率对比, figureFileSmall=+tMetisHBt26f/gtrDJ7tg==, figureFileBig=i7Ks5hFk3R+q4qPk6tiRAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825429197755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of electric coal consumption and unit’s output in the middle of heating within one day, figureFileSmall=6RU3c9eQpfvFjfZjpuzY0w==, figureFileBig=C+Iha0xWm4pFo5NlPme9Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825500500925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图8, caption=供热中期1天内煤耗量对比与机组出力, figureFileSmall=6RU3c9eQpfvFjfZjpuzY0w==, figureFileBig=C+Iha0xWm4pFo5NlPme9Yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825563415485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of electric coal consumption and unit’s output in peaking-heating within one day, figureFileSmall=Trz8ppYfuULYJTpv2/VPCg==, figureFileBig=KmlFiMsY1aK2UNccJAKJ0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825630524351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=图9, caption=供热尖峰期1天内煤耗量对比与机组出力, figureFileSmall=Trz8ppYfuULYJTpv2/VPCg==, figureFileBig=KmlFiMsY1aK2UNccJAKJ0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236701825689244609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic parameters of the units of phase III

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目一期机组二期机组三期机组
发电功率/MW406.5503.5577.1
主蒸汽压力/MPa23.5416.7024.20
主蒸汽温度/℃540538566
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)1 5911 7811 665
中压缸排汽压力/MPa0.2510.8161.034
中压缸排汽温度/℃195.6336.6365.1
抽汽流量/(t·h–1)873380120
最大换热负荷/MW622.3299.896.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236701825764742082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

三期机组基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目一期机组二期机组三期机组
发电功率/MW406.5503.5577.1
主蒸汽压力/MPa23.5416.7024.20
主蒸汽温度/℃540538566
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)1 5911 7811 665
中压缸排汽压力/MPa0.2510.8161.034
中压缸排汽温度/℃195.6336.6365.1
抽汽流量/(t·h–1)873380120
最大换热负荷/MW622.3299.896.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236701825831850948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Verification of CHP under variable condition

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机组类型发电功率/ MW供热功率/ MW主蒸汽流量/ (t·h–1)主蒸汽流量误差/%发电煤耗率/ (g·(kW·h)–1)发电煤耗率误差/%
一期机组425.5653.11 683.3–0.90183.0–0.3
406.5622.31 591.00182.90.1
309.8464.71 153.12.80186.11.9
二期机组527.7354.81 932.21.80264.3–0.2
503.5299.81 780.90.02267.80.1
373.6225.61 281.30.90272.11.1
三期机组600.0120.61 765.51.10281.60.8
600.096.51 734.20.20277.50.2
600.064.71 693.7–0.90267.71.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236701825907348422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

能效变工况模型验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机组类型发电功率/ MW供热功率/ MW主蒸汽流量/ (t·h–1)主蒸汽流量误差/%发电煤耗率/ (g·(kW·h)–1)发电煤耗率误差/%
一期机组425.5653.11 683.3–0.90183.0–0.3
406.5622.31 591.00182.90.1
309.8464.71 153.12.80186.11.9
二期机组527.7354.81 932.21.80264.3–0.2
503.5299.81 780.90.02267.80.1
373.6225.61 281.30.90272.11.1
三期机组600.0120.61 765.51.10281.60.8
600.096.51 734.20.20277.50.2
600.064.71 693.7–0.90267.71.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236701825970262984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Parameters of six operating modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供热期运行方式运行机组最大供热量/MW
供热初末期运行方式11号622.3
运行方式23号、4号599.6
供热中期运行方式31号、3号922.1
运行方式41号、5号、6号815.3
供热尖峰期运行方式51号、3号、4号1 221.9
运行方式61号、2号、3号、4号、5号、6号2 037.2
), ArticleFig(id=1236701826033177545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

6种运行方式参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供热期运行方式运行机组最大供热量/MW
供热初末期运行方式11号622.3
运行方式23号、4号599.6
供热中期运行方式31号、3号922.1
运行方式41号、5号、6号815.3
供热尖峰期运行方式51号、3号、4号1 221.9
运行方式61号、2号、3号、4号、5号、6号2 037.2
), ArticleFig(id=1236701826117063627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of optimization results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供热期热负荷/ MW发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1)
平均负荷分配PSOSMA
供热初末期300288.42287.41287.24
400282.37279.73279.57
供热中期700252.01245.00243.48
800241.48239.04238.89
供热尖峰期1 100250.65249.05248.88
1 200243.93243.73243.61
1 500261.29256.61253.77
1 600258.22253.96252.66
), ArticleFig(id=1236701826179978189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236693164719919817, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

优化结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
供热期热负荷/ MW发电煤耗率/(g·(kW·h)–1)
平均负荷分配PSOSMA
供热初末期300288.42287.41287.24
400282.37279.73279.57
供热中期700252.01245.00243.48
800241.48239.04238.89
供热尖峰期1 100250.65249.05248.88
1 200243.93243.73243.61
1 500261.29256.61253.77
1 600258.22253.96252.66
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于源荷协同的热电联产机组负荷优化分配
收藏切换
PDF下载
李杰 1, 2 , 胡勇 2 , 张语珊 2 , 邓丹 2 , 梁璐 2 , 曾德良 1, 2 , 刘吉臻 1, 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025,54(1): 46-55
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025, 54(1): 46-55
基于源荷协同的热电联产机组负荷优化分配
全屏
李杰1, 2 , 胡勇2 , 张语珊2, 邓丹2, 梁璐2, 曾德良1, 2, 刘吉臻1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206
  • 李杰(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为热电联产机组负荷优化分配,

通讯作者:

胡勇(1986),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为火电机组智能发电、控制系统建模与优化,
Load distribution optimization for combined heat and power units based on synergy of heat load and heat source
Jie LI1, 2 , Yong HU2 , Yushan ZHANG2, Dan DENG2, Lu LIANG2, Deliang ZENG1, 2, Jizhen LIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2.School of Control and Computer Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136
文章导航
收藏切换

热电厂传统供热方式能源利用效率低,为深度挖掘热电联产机组节能潜力,提出一种综合考虑热负荷侧和热源侧的热电联产机组源荷协同负荷优化分配模型。在负荷侧考虑气象扰动建立了修正的室外温度-热负荷预测模型,热源侧建立了热电联产机组能效变工况模型;以全部供热机组发电煤耗率最低为目标构建源-荷协同的多机组优化调度模型;最后在由6台热电联产机组和2组加热器组成的热网供热场景开展仿真验证。仿真结果表明,基于热负荷预测值的源荷协同热电联产机组负荷优化分配方法可以有效降低供热期内机组总煤耗量,相比传统分配方法,典型尖峰供暖期1天内热电厂煤耗量可以减少214.56 t。所提负荷优化分配方法有助于提高热电厂运行经济性,具有一定实际应用价值。

热电联产  /  热负荷预测  /  源荷协同  /  黏菌算法  /  负荷优化分配

The conventional heating method in thermal power plants has low energy utilization efficiency. To deeply explore the energy-saving potential of cogeneration units, a source load coordination load optimization allocation model for cogeneration units is proposed, which comprehensively considers the heat load side and heat source side. A modified outdoor temperature-heat load prediction model is established considering meteorological disturbances on the load side, and an energy efficiency variation model for cogeneration units is established on the heat source side. An optimal scheduling model considering source-load coordination is constructed with the goal of minimizing the coal consumption rate of all heating units. Finally, simulation experiment is carried out based on the heat network composed of six units and two heaters. The results show that, the load optimization distribution method considering source-load coordination based on the predicted value of heat load can effectively reduce the total coal consumption of the units during the heating period. Compared with the conventional distribution method, the coal consumption of the thermal power plant can be reduced by 214.56 tons in one day during the typical peak heating period, which is helpful to improve the operation economy of the thermal power plant. This load optimization distribution method has certain practical application value.

combined heat and power  /  heat load forecasting  /  synergy of heat load and heat source  /  slime mould algorithm  /  load distribution optimization
李杰, 胡勇, 张语珊, 邓丹, 梁璐, 曾德良, 刘吉臻. 基于源荷协同的热电联产机组负荷优化分配. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (1) : 46 -55 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136
Jie LI, Yong HU, Yushan ZHANG, Dan DENG, Lu LIANG, Deliang ZENG, Jizhen LIU. Load distribution optimization for combined heat and power units based on synergy of heat load and heat source[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (1) : 46 -55 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136
为增强冬季供热能力,供热系统不断扩大,区域供热系统进一步成环互联。但热源侧、热负荷侧复杂多变,极大限制供热系统调度能力。热电联产机组(combined heat and power,CHP)作为供热系统的主要热源,实现了能量的梯级利用,有效提高了能源利用效率[1]。随着我国“双碳”目标的提出,挖掘热电联产机组的节能潜力、降低碳排放具有重大意义[2-3]
提高热电联产机组经济性的措施主要包括改造机组实现热电解耦并扩大机组运行区间和对机组负荷进行优化分配2种[4]。由于对机组进行负荷优化分配不需要改造机组,只需要调整不同机组间的出力负荷就能提高机组经济性,成本低且效果显著。
纯凝机组的变工况特性与负荷优化分配方法已经相对成熟,热电联产机组相对普通火电机组多了供热环节,更加复杂。很多学者对热电联产机组优化调度模型进行了研究。对于负荷优化分配算法:卫治廷等[5]采用黏菌算法(slime mould algorithm,SMA)对母管制热电联产机组以先汽轮机侧、后锅炉侧的顺序进行负荷优化分配,在满足供热的基础上,降低了汽轮机侧汽耗率和锅炉侧煤耗率;Shaheen等人[6]以最小化热电联产机组燃料成本为优化目标,创新性地提出蝠鲼觅食优化算法,对比实数编码遗传算法(real-coded genetic algorithm,RCGA)和粒子群算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO),该算法能找到更优解;梁宁等[7]采用随机分配调整和概率扰动策略改进灰狼算法对多锅炉集群负荷进行分配优化,相较于标准灰狼算法,改进的灰狼算法收敛速度更快,收敛精度更高;司风琪等[8]提出一种自适应约束边界和自适应调整惯性权重法,基于混沌粒子群算法对实时负荷优化分配进行求解,显著提高计算效率。
对于热电联产机组变工况特性,也有很多学者进行研究。王印松等[9]通过数字孪生技术对热电联产机组进行建模,该模型可以满足精确性要求,并能通过灵活改变建模参数进一步优化模型精度。胡勇等[10]通过级间效率拟合对汽轮机通流部分进行汽轮机变工况计算,保证模型精度的同时降低了模型复杂度。祁海波等[11]利用汽轮机变工况模型研究了热网循环水泵、供热蝶阀、给水泵对供热煤耗率的影响。高佳圣等[12]利用Ebsilon软件对600 MW高背压热电联产机组进行建模,机组仿真参数与设计参数误差在2%以内,满足计算精度要求。
准确预测热负荷值是机组进行负荷优化分配的基础。由于影响因素多、惯性大,导致较难准确预测热负荷值,众多学者对此进行了研究。文献[13]基于支持向量机和离散小波变换对区域热负荷进行预测。文献[14]采用多元线性回归和聚类方法相结合对城市热负荷进行短期预测。文献[15]基于最邻节点模型和长短期记忆神经网络对热负荷进行15 min尺度上短期预测。
以上文献都只考虑热源侧或者热负荷侧,综合考虑热负荷侧和热源侧文章较少。单一考虑热源侧会导致热电厂被动地接受热负荷指令然后进行机组负荷分配,易造成供需热负荷不匹配。本文综合考虑供热系统中热源侧和热负荷侧,建立了热负荷预测模型、热电联产机组能效变工况模型和优化调度模型,在由6台热电联产机组和2组加热器组成的热网供热场景开展仿真实验。首先考虑风速和太阳辐射对热负荷的影响对室外温度进行修正,建立修正的室外温度-热负荷预测模型;然后利用主蒸汽流量分别与机组发电功率、供热功率和煤耗量相关性高的特点,以主蒸汽流量为中间变量建立发电功率、供热功率与煤耗量的热电联产机组能效变工况模型,同时以能效变工况模型为基础建立黏菌算法求解优化调度模型;最后通过该模型针对实际场景中不同供热期对应的供热方式进行精简,将热负荷预测模型与优化调度模型结合,实现源荷协同,并选取供热中期和供热尖峰期典型日作为优化对象,验证了所提出模型对热电厂节能的有效性。
常规热网模型参数少,预测热负荷值仅与室外温度有关,但其他气象因素也会影响热负荷值,单独采用热网模型预测热负荷值精确度不高。本文提出一种修正室外温度的热网机理模型[16],基于太阳辐射和风速对室外温度进行修正,将修正后的室外温度作为热管网模型的室外温度参数进行热负荷预测。
热负荷预测模型中,供热需求为热用户建筑向环境的散热量为[17]
Qh=qvV(tntw)106
式中:Qh为热用户建筑向环境的散热量,MW;qv为建筑物体积热指标,与建筑物的用途有关,W/(m3·℃);V为建筑物体积,m3tn为室内温度,℃;tw为室外温度,℃。
将供热指标视为常数时,得到相对热负荷为式(2)。由式(2)可知,在设计热负荷、设计室外温度和室内温度已知的情况下,实际热负荷与实际室外温度为线性关系。实际热负荷为式(3)。
Q¯=QhQh'=tntwtntw'
Qh=tntntw'Qh'twtntw'Qh'
式中:QhQh′分别为实际热负荷和设计热负荷,MW;tw′为设计室外温度,表示该地区供热期间普遍室外温度,℃。供热期间tn取定值,表示通过供热达到的期望温度。
由式(3)可知,通过室外温度和设计热网参数可得实际热负荷,设计热网参数是定值,室外温度是计算实际热负荷的唯一变量。但实际上热负荷影响因素很多,本文考虑风速和太阳辐射的影响对室外温度进行修正。
考虑风速影响的等效降温温度为[18]
ΔTwind=awind(lg(dwindWwind))3bwind(lg(dwindWwind))2+cwindlg(dwindWwind)
式中:ΔTwind为风速降温等效温度,℃;Wwind为外界风速值,m/s;awindbwindcwinddwind为风速等效降温特性系数。
考虑太阳辐射影响的等效升温温度为[19]
ΔTsolar=Ssolar/Sk
式中:ΔTsolar为太阳辐射升温等效温度,℃;Ssolar为外界光照值,W/m2Sk为光照折算系数,W/(m2·℃)。
采用下文的黏菌算法以拟合精度最高为优化目标对awindbwindcwinddwindSk进行求解。同时考虑室外风速与太阳辐射影响对室外温度进行修正,修正后的室外温度Tw,s为:
Tw,s=Tw+ΔTsolarΔTwind
本文中风速和太阳辐射数据由当地气象站采集,将实际室外温度与修正后的室外温度分别与热负荷进行拟合,结果如图1图2所示。
实际室外温度与热负荷拟合预测精度R2为94.8 %。经过修正的室外温度与热负荷拟合预测精度R2为96.2 %。将实际室外温度经过风速与太阳辐射修正后,热负荷预测模型更加准确。下文计算将实际室外温度TwTw,s代替。对比图1图2可知,对室外温度进行修正后预测的热负荷值小于实际室外温度预测的热负荷值,这是因为该地区太阳辐射对热负荷的影响要大于风速对热负荷的影响。
本文以某热电厂三期6台机组作为热源对2台加热器进行梯级加热。一期机组包括1号机组和2号机组,为低压缸零出力机组;二期机组包括3号机组和4号机组,经过连通管打孔抽汽改造对外供热;三期机组包括5号机组和6号机组,利用中排抽汽对外供热。6台机组最大供热能力(THA进汽工况)下机组发电、供热参数和主蒸汽参数见表1
热网中加热器分为基本加热器和尖峰加热器,采用串联的方式进行连接。一期2台热电联产机组抽汽对基本加热器进行加热,二期和三期共4台机组抽汽对尖峰加热器进行加热。热网采用质调节的方式供热。热网设计如图3所示。
考虑到锅炉侧主蒸汽流量与煤耗量相关性高,汽轮机侧主蒸汽流量与电功率和热功率相关性也高的特性,本文将主蒸汽流量作为中间变量建立煤耗量与发电功率和供热功率的能效变工况计算模型。
将6台机组煤耗量与主蒸汽流量进行拟合,拟合形式采用一元二次函数形式,得到锅炉变工况煤耗量为:
Bi=ai+biD0,i+ciD0,i2
式中:Bi为第i台机组的煤耗量,t/h;aibici为第i台机组的煤耗特性参数;D0,i为第i台机组的主蒸汽流量,t/h。
利用主蒸汽流量与发电功率和供热功率相关性高的特点,建立主蒸汽流量与发电功率和供热功率的汽轮机变工况模型。汽轮机变工况模型包括抽汽压力与焓值计算模型[20]和回热系统热平衡计算模型。
汽轮机变工况后,首先初始化主蒸汽流量,通过级间相对内效率拟合方式求得此时抽汽焓值,通过弗留格尔公式[21-22]求得此时抽汽压力;然后根据汽水分布方程[23]使回热系统达到热平衡,计算出该主蒸汽流量下的发电功率。若所求发电功率不在误差范围内,则重新迭代主蒸汽流量,直至所求发电功率与电负荷需求在一定误差δ,此时计算出的主蒸汽流量即为变工况下的主蒸汽流量。变工况计算流程如图4所示。
当供热抽汽流量或者电负荷需求发生改变时,机组发电功率会发生改变,此时为了保证机组发电功率保持不变,需要改变机组主蒸汽流量。当机组主蒸汽流量发生变化后,抽汽口压力、温度以及机组的煤耗特性都将发生变化。此时需要对机组主蒸汽流量、抽汽口压力、抽汽口温度重新进行核算。采用变工况模型对主蒸汽流量进行初始化时,为了减少迭代次数,利用机组供热抽汽量保持不变的情况下,机组发电功率与主蒸汽流量线性度高的特性,对主蒸汽流量进行初始化。供热抽汽流量变化对机组发电功率的影响为:
ΔP=ΔGgr(hgrhc)/3600
式中:ΔP为机组发电功率变化量,MW;ΔGgr为供热抽汽流量变化量,t/h;hgr为供热抽汽焓值,kJ/kg;hc为低压缸排汽焓,kJ/kg。
在机组供热抽汽量保持不变化的情况下,机组功率与主蒸汽流量线性度高,供热抽汽流量变化后,主蒸汽流量应达值为:
D0=PD0PΔP
式中:D0′和D0分别为主蒸汽流量应达值和原主蒸汽流量,t/h;P′和P分别为机组变化之后和变化之前的发电功率,MW。仅机组发电功率变化时,直接利用式(9)计算变化后的主蒸汽流量。
变工况后主蒸汽流量确定后,此时机组的供热负荷为:
Q=(Ggr+ΔGgr)[hgr(pgr,Tgr)hd]/3600
式中:Ggr为原供热抽汽流量,t/h;pgr′为变化后供热抽汽压力,MPa;Tgr′为供热抽汽温度,℃;hgrhd分别为供热抽汽焓值和回水焓值,kJ/kg。
通过汽轮机变工况模型,可得主蒸汽流量与发电功率和供热功率之间函数关系式为:
D0,i=f(Pi,Qi)
由锅炉变工况模型和汽轮机变工况模型,可得机组煤耗量与电负荷和热负荷之间函数关系式为:
Bi=g(Pi,Qi)
式中:Bi为第i台机组的煤耗量,t/h。
一、二、三期机组锅炉与汽轮机变工况模型验证见表2,所建模型发电煤耗率最大误差为1.1%,最小误差为0.1%,满足建模精度。
黏菌优化算法由Li等人[24]提出。该模型通过自适应权值实现正负反馈过程,在保证快速收敛的同时保持一定的扰动率,避免陷入局部最优解。
将黏菌的逼近食物行为模拟为数学方程,其位置更新方程如下(取最小值为最优解):
X(t+1)={Xb(t)+vb(WXA(t)XB(t)),r<pvcX(t),rp}
p=tanh|S(i)FD|
a=arctanh((ttmax)+1)
式中:X为黏菌当前位置;Xb为当前最小的适应度函数值;XAXB分别为从群体中随机选取的2个个体的位置;vb为系数,其值在[-a,a]之间随机振荡;vc为系数,其值在[0,1]之间,最终趋于0;r为[0,1]内的随机值;S(i)为黏菌X的适应度;FD为所有迭代中的最小适应度值;t为当前迭代次数;tmax为最大迭代次数。
黏菌自适应权值W的表达式为:
W(SI(i))={1+rlg(FbS(i)FbFw+1),C1rlg(FbS(i)FbFw+1),
式中:S(i)中排名前50%的种群;FbFW分别为在当前迭代过程获得的最佳适应度和最差适应度;SI(i)为适应度递增序列。
热电厂输出的能量形式包括热能和电能,热负荷和电负荷相互耦合,难以分辨热负荷和电负荷所消耗的能量。发电煤耗率是表征发电机组能耗特性的参数,在热电联产机组中,将优化目标选取为发电煤耗率最小,不仅可以表示热电联产机组梯级利用能量的特性,相同负荷需求下机组发电煤耗率的大小也可以作为判断不同机组经济性优异的评价指标。计算发电煤耗率时,需先计算机组热耗,减去供热量即为发电的热耗量。机组热耗率和机组发电煤耗率计算式为:
qcp,i=(Q0,iQi)ηb,iηp,iPi
bi=qcp,iQnet
式中:qcp,i为第i台机组发电的热耗率,kJ/(kW·h);Q0,i为第i台机组的热耗;Qi为第i台机组的供热量,kJ;ηb,i为第i台机组的锅炉效率;ηp,i为第i台机组的管道热效率;Pi为第i台机组的发电功率,MW;bi为第i台机组的发电煤耗率,g/(kW·h)。Qnet为标准煤的低位发热量,取292 70 kJ/kg。
优化目标函数为出力机组发电煤耗率最小,即
minb=min(iNbiPiPL)
式中:N为机组出力台数;PL为机组总出力。
热电厂内多台热电联产机组的总发电量PL等于外界的电负荷需求。
PL=i=1nPi
式中:Pi为第i台机组的发电量,MW。
热电厂内多台热电联产机组的总热负荷等于居民的热负荷需求。
QL=i=1nQi
式中:N为运行机组的总数量;QL为外界的热负荷,MW;Qi为第i台机组的热负荷,MW。
每台热电联产机组的供热量存在最大值,即
0QiQi,max
式中:Qi,max为第i台机组最大供热量,MW。
热电联产机组以热定电特性[25]导致机组在一定热负荷条件下存在发电量最大值与最小值。机组最大发电量为锅炉最大蒸发量下的发电量,即最大主蒸汽流量下的发电量Pi,max(MW)。锅炉最小蒸发量与汽轮机最小排汽量共同决定热电联产机组最小出力电负荷Pi,min(MW)。
热电联产机组的发电约束为:
Pi,minPiPi,max
优化调度模型包括前文提到的锅炉变工况模型和汽轮机变工况模型,以供热机组发电煤耗率最低为优化目标,约束条件为3.3节,求解算法为黏菌算法,最终求解得到供热机组供热功率最佳分配方式与最低发电煤耗率。求解流程如图5所示。首先设置当地风速、太阳辐射强度和室外温度等热负荷预测初始参数,通过热负荷预测模型预测未来供热负荷需求,根据供热负荷需求选择机组运行方式。锅炉变工况模型和汽轮机变工况模型嵌套在求解算法中,黏菌算法中粒子的维数为供热机组的数量,变量为供热机组的供热功率,每台机组的发电功率设置为定值,粒子数量设置为100,寻优代数设置为1 000,已知粒子的供热功率和发电功率,通过锅炉变工况模型和汽轮机变工况模型求得各台供热机组的煤耗量,最终计算得到粒子的适应度函数。经过不断迭代寻优,最终求得机组最优分配方式和最小发电煤耗率。本文仿真软件为MATLAB2023a,CPU为12代i5,运行内存为32 GB。
在实际供热中,针对不同的供热需求热源侧有不同的运行方式。本文取典型的6种供热运行方式:运行方式1与运行方式2针对供热初末期供热需求较小时供热,运行方式3与运行方式4针对供热中期供热需求较大时供热,运行方式5与运行方式6针对供热尖峰期供热需求最大时供热。6种运行方式覆盖整个供热期,对整个供热期进行优化,充分挖掘热电厂节能潜力。根据奥卡姆剃刀理论,将每台机组发电功率设置为定值。表3为不同运行方式对应的运行机组和最大供热量,6种运行方式参数为某电厂实际运行方式参数。
每种供热期有2种运行方式,通过对比各热负荷需求下不同运行方式的煤耗特性,可以精简供热形式,提高热电厂经济效益。表4为各热负荷下平均负荷分配、基于粒子群算法进行负荷分配(PSO)与基于黏菌算法进行负荷分配(SMA)3种分配模式发电煤耗率的对比。由表4可以看出,通过粒子群算法负荷分配的发电煤耗率要小于平均负荷分配的发电煤耗率,通过黏菌算法负荷分配的发电煤耗率要小于前两者,黏菌算法得到的结果最优。下面采用黏菌算法作为本文优化调度模型的求解方法对机组进行负荷优化分配。
对运行方式2—方式6在各个供热负荷下采用黏菌算法进行负荷优化分配计算最低发电煤耗率,各运行方式发电煤耗率曲线如图6所示。由图6可以看出,在同一供热期间热负荷较高时,机组数量少对应的运行方式发电煤耗率更低。如在供热初末期,运行方式1为单台机组独立运行供热,运行方式2为2台机组同时运行供热,在供热负荷大于154 MW时运行方式1的发电煤耗率低于运行方式2,其他运行方式类似。在实际运行过程中,采用运行机组少的运行方式,调节灵活,此时发电煤耗率也低,最大供热负荷大,可调供热范围广。
运行方式6为三期6台机组共同运行供热,供热区间范围大,为深度挖掘热电厂6台机组供热潜力,采用黏菌算法对6台机组全供热工况进行负荷优化分配,结果如图7黑线所示。由图7可知,发电煤耗率随热负荷在高负荷区有两段增长较缓区间,其他热负荷区随热负荷基本呈线性变化。
考虑到机组供热负荷出力上下限,对6台机组采用黏菌算法进行负荷优化分配,发电煤耗率随热负荷曲线变化如图7棕线所示。由图7可知,发电煤耗率随热负荷基本呈线性变化。可以看到,考虑机组上下限出力约束6台机组热负荷与发电煤耗率特性线性度更高。考虑机组上下限出力约束相比未考虑机组上下限出力约束,发电煤耗率提高,在低负荷区和高负荷区发电煤耗率相差较小,在中负荷区发电煤耗率相差较大。这是因为在中负荷区机组组合方式较多,优化调度空间较大。
传统分配方式发电煤耗率随热负荷变化曲线如图7中的红线所示。由图7可知,平均分配机组发电煤耗率高于考虑机组上下限时的发电煤耗率,发电煤耗率在高负荷和低负荷区相差较小,中负荷区发电煤耗率相差较大,这是因为在中负荷区机组组合方式多,调度空间较大。可以看出,采用黏菌算法对机组进行负荷优化分配,降低了机组发电煤耗率,最高可降低5.4 g/(kW·h),节能潜力巨大。
由于热网具有大惯性,通过预测热负荷热电厂提前调整机组出力。热负荷的预测精度极大影响到热电联产机组节能潜力,采用第1节热负荷预测模型对一天内热负荷进行预测,并将预测结果作为供热值进行负荷分配。对于供热初末期,运行方式1更节能,但运行方式1为1期1台机组独立运行供热,没有优化的空间,不做考虑。以下针对供热中期和供热尖峰期1天内优化分配与传统分配方式的煤耗量进行对比。
供热中期采用运行方式3运行,针对典型供热中期1天供热需求,采用本文的优化分配方法与传统分配方法进行比较,煤耗量对比与运行方式3下1号、3号机组出力如图8所示。
结果显示,经过黏菌算法对运行方式3下2台机组进行负荷优化分配,分配结果比传统分配方式每个时间段煤耗量都更低。每小时煤耗量最少可以降低5.80 t,最高可降低6.90 t,1天减少煤耗量157.95 t。在供热中期,不同于传统分配方式将供热负荷平均分配,经过黏菌算法得到的分配方式为,1号机组作为主力机组供热,3号机组作为备用机组应对1号机组供热不足的情况进行供热。经过热负荷预测,可以提前制定供热计划,满足居民负荷需求的同时提高机组经济性,节约能源。
供热尖峰期供热需求大,此时室外温度低,居民对供暖质量要求更高,考虑到运行方式6供暖需求大,可以满足极端情况的热负荷需求,将运行方式6作为供热尖峰期的运行方式。优化分配与传统分配方式煤耗量对比结果与运行方式6各台机组出力如图9所示。
运行方式6中,由于1号机组和2号机组经济性最高,1号机组和2号机组作为主力机组,其余4台机组作为备用机组进行供热。经过热负荷预测,可以更好的制定供热计划。对于供热尖峰期,将1号、2号作为主力机组进行供热,由于1号、2号机组最大供热量大,可调节供热量大,在满足供热需求的同时也提高了经济性。结果显示,经过黏菌算法对运行方式6下6台机组进行负荷优化分配,分配结果比传统分配方式每个时间段煤耗量都更低。相比供热中期,供热尖峰期优化效果更好。经过优化分配后,热电厂每小时煤耗量最少可降低8.57 t,最高降低9.18 t,1天减少煤耗量214.56 t。
本文基于源荷协同对热电联产机组进行负荷优化分配,得到以下结论。
1)建立考虑风速和太阳辐射修正的室外温度热负荷预测模型,热负荷预测精度得到提高,满足了热负荷预测精度。
2)以主蒸汽流量为中间变量,建立煤耗量与热负荷、电负荷热电联产机组能效变工况模型,以能效变工况模型为基础,采用黏菌算法建立负荷优化分配模型,对比粒子群算法得到的分配结果,黏菌算法更容易找到全局最优解。
3)采用负荷优化分配模型,对比不同供热期间的2种运行方式,结果表明在不同供热期间,采用运行机组少的运行方式,供热区间大,调整灵活,经济性高。运行方式6覆盖供热全期,考虑机组负荷上下限约束的负荷优化分配方式与传统分配方式相比,发电煤耗率最高可降低5.4 g/(kW·h),节能潜力巨大。
4)通过热负荷预测对热电厂进行负荷优化分配,实现了热源侧和热负荷侧协同优化,热网具有大惯性,对热负荷进行预测可以提前调整热源侧以满足居民供热需求。在供热尖峰期,基于热负荷预测进行负荷优化分配,优化后煤耗量相较于传统分配方式1天内煤耗量可以减少214.56 t,提高了热电厂经济性。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
黄大为, 史博铭, 于娜, 等. 热电联产机组利用热网动态特性提升实时灵活性的自调度策略[J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报: 1-13. (2024-04-30)[2024-05-20]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240168.
HUANG Dawei, SHI Boming, YU Na, et al. Self-scheduling strategy to improve the real-time flexibility of CHP unit by utilizing heat network dynamic characteristics[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE: 1-13. (2024-04-30)[2024-05-20]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.pcsee.240168.
[2]
薛小军, 侯智华, 张红昌, 等. 碳中和背景下燃气热电联产与地源热泵耦合替代燃气锅炉供热研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 359-364.
XUE Xiaojun, HOU Zhihua, ZHANG Hongchang, et al. Study on replacing gas-fired boiler by gas-fired cogeneration coupled with ground source heat pump for heating under carbon neutral background[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(4): 359-364.
[3]
任晨星, 任清洁, 高翔. “双碳”背景下我国低碳电力发展研究[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(2): 1-7.
REN Chenxing, REN Qingjie, GAO Xiang. Research on low-carbon electric power development in China under “carbon neutralization and carbon peak” background[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(2): 1-7.
[4]
李蔚, 杨存辉, 吴国林, 等. 热电联产机组耦合吸收式热泵运行特性的研究[J]. 动力工程学报, 2023, 43(7): 951-958.
LI Wei, YANG Cunhui, WU Guolin, et al. Research on operating characteristics of coupled absorption heat pump for cogeneration units[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2023, 43(7): 951-958.
[5]
卫治廷, 张敏, 周兴野, 等. 基于黏菌算法的热电联产机组负荷优化分配[J]. 动力工程学报, 2022, 42(4): 380-386.
WEI Zhiting, ZHANG Min, ZHOU Xingye, et al. Optimal load distribution of cogeneration units based on slime mould algorithm[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2022, 42(4): 380-386.
[6]
SHAHEEN A M, GINIDI A R, EL-SEHIEMY R A, et al. Economic power and heat dispatch in cogeneration energy systems using manta ray foraging optimizer[J]. IEEE Access, 2020, 8: 208281-208295.
[7]
梁宁, 张霖. 基于改进灰狼算法在多锅炉负荷优化分配中的应用[J]. 自动化与仪器仪表, 2023(5): 13-17.
LIANG Ning, ZHANG Lin. Application of improved grey wolf algorithm in multi-boiler load optimization[J]. Automation and Instrumentation, 2023(5): 13-17.
[8]
司风琪, 顾慧, 叶亚兰, 等. 基于混沌粒子群算法的火电厂厂级负荷在线优化分配[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2011, 31(26): 103- 109.
SI Fengqi, GU Hui, YE Yalan, et al. Online unit load economic dispatch based on chaotic-particle swarm optimization algorithm[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2011, 31(26): 103-109.
[9]
王印松, 姜灵斌, 王莺歌. 基于数字孪生技术的热电联产机组建模研究[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(12): 106-114.
WANG Yinsong, JIANG Lingbin, WANG Yingge. Research on modeling of cogeneration units based on digital twin technology[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(12): 106-114.
[10]
胡勇, 刘吉臻, 曾德良, 等. 定负荷下火电机组最优运行初压的确定[J]. 动力工程学报, 2013, 33(9): 481-486.
HU Yong, LIU Jizhen, ZENG Deliang, et al. Determination of optimal initial operation pressure of a thermal power unit under given load[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2013, 33(9): 481-486.
[11]
祁海波, 邹洋, 李钊, 等. 热电联产机组供热能耗影响因素研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(6): 88-95.
QI Haibo, ZOU Yang, LI Zhao, et al. Study on factors affecting heating energy consumption of cogeneration unit[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(6): 88-95.
[12]
高佳圣, 徐浩东, 王万权, 等. 集成太阳能辅助供热的600 MW高背压热电联产机组的运行及优化[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(9): 158-165.
GAO Jiasheng, XU Haodong, WANG Wanquan, et al. Operation and optimization of 600 MW high back pressure cogeneration unit with integrated solar assisted heating[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(9): 158-165.
[13]
MILAN P, SHAHABODDIN S, DAIBOR P, et al. Forecasting of consumers heat load in district heating systems using the support vector machine with a discrete wavelet transform algorithm[J]. Energy, 2015, 87: 343-351.
[14]
HUA P, WANG H, XIE Z, et al. District heating load patterns and short-term forecasting for buildings and city level[J]. Energy, 2024, 289: 129866.
[15]
刘立巍, 周建新, 刘培栋, 等. 基于KNN-LSTM的区域热负荷短期预测及在机组热电可行域的应用研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2023, 38(3): 91-97.
LIU Liwei, ZHOU Jianxin, LIU Peidong, et al. Short-term regional heat load prediction using KNN-LSTM and its application in CHP feasible operation region[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2023, 38(3): 91-97.
[16]
康敬德, 黄嘉驷, 乔磊, 等. 基于弹性网络回归的实际采暖热指标估算方法[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(2): 114-123.
KANG Jingde, HUANG Jiasi, QIAO Lei, et al. Estimation method of actual heating heat index based on elastic network regression model[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(2): 114-123.
[17]
李沛峰. 基于绿色供热的热电联产低温直供模式研究[D]. 保定: 华北电力大学, 2015: 1.
LI Peifeng. Research on low temperature district heating of combined heat and power based on green heating[D]. Baoding: North China Electric Power University, 2015: 1.
[18]
徐大海, 朱蓉. 人对温度, 湿度, 风速的感觉与着衣指数的分析研究[J]. 应用气象学报, 2000, 11(4): 430-439.
XU Dahai, ZHU Rong. The sensation of human to temperature humility wind speed and the clothing[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology, 2000, 11(4): 430-439.
[19]
蔡麒. 气象因素与供热负荷的关系研究[J]. 区域供热, 2016(4): 27-32.
CAI Qi. Study on the relationship between meteorological factors and heating load[J]. District Heating, 2016(4): 27-32.
[20]
石慧, 王洋, 马汀山, 等. 多机组、多模式的热电联产厂级供热优化[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(1): 123-129.
SHI Hui, WANG Yang, MA Tingshan, et al. Plant-level heating optimization for multi-unit and multi-mode cogeneration[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(1): 123-129.
[21]
曹丽华, 周云龙, 李勇. 汽轮机通流部分故障诊断基准值的研究[J]. 汽轮机技术, 2009, 51(2): 132-134.
CAO Lihua, ZHOU Yunlong, LI Yong. Study on the norm for fault diagnosis of steam turbine flow passage[J]. Turbine Technology, 2009, 51(2): 132-134.
[22]
李勇, 金国华, 曹祖庆. 弗留格尔公式的证明及应用[J]. 汽轮机技术, 1995, 37(3): 158-162.
LI Yong, JIN Guohua, CAO Zuqing. Proving of Flǜgel formula and its application[J]. Turbine Technology, 1995, 37(3): 158-162.
[23]
刘吉臻, 刘彧昕, 王玮. 基于汽水分布方程的热力发电机组凝结水节流静态负荷响应特性[J]. 动力工程学报, 2015, 35(4): 318-324.
LIU Jizhen, LIU Yuxin, WANG Wei. Study on Static load response of thermal power units caused by condensate throttling based on steam-water distribution equation[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2015, 35(4): 318-324.
[24]
LI S M, CHEN H L, WANG M J, et al. Slime mould algorithm: a new method for stochastic optimization[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2020, 111: 300-323.
[25]
肖卓楠, 张荣, 刘英琦, 等. 太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(5): 67-74.
XIAO Zhuonan, ZHANG Rong, LIU Yingqi, et al. Analysis of heating, power generation and peak shaving performance of solar assisted cogeneration units[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(5): 67-74.
2025年第54卷第1期
PDF下载
123
54
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136
  • 接收时间:2024-05-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29
基金
作者信息
    1.华北电力大学新能源电力系统全国重点实验室,北京 102206
    2.华北电力大学控制与计算机工程学院,北京 102206

通讯作者:

胡勇(1986),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为火电机组智能发电、控制系统建模与优化,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202405136
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏