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The influence of main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower at different ambient wind speeds and with different directions on flow heat transfer characteristics of the unit under normal working conditions in summer is investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that, as the ambient wind speed increases from 4 m/s to 16 m/s, the pressure in windward fan section of the main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower will increase, while the pressure on both sides of the fan section will decrease. The pressure on the inner side of the back fan section will increase and high-temperature zones which will decrease in quantity when the wind speed exceeds 8 m/s will form. The pressure on the outer side will decrease, and the pressure change in the upwind and backwind sections will be greater than that on both sides of the fan section. The total heat transfer in the main fan section will continue to decrease, while the auxiliary fan section will continue to increase slowly and be less affected by environmental wind. In different environmental wind directions, when the wind direction angle is 0° or 180°, the heat transfer of the blocked tower will increase significantly. When the wind direction angle is 45° or 135°, some fan sections between the two towers will be blocked, and the heat transfer of the blocked tower will decrease slightly. The maximum heat transfer of the main fan section occurs in the direction where the environmental wind is completely blocked, and the maximum heat transfer of the auxiliary fan section occurs at a 90° environmental wind direction angle, which is directly facing the auxiliary fan section.

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通过数值模拟研究主辅机共塔间接空冷塔系统在夏季常规工况下不同环境风向、风速对机组流动换热特性的影响。结果表明:环境风速从4 m/s增至16 m/s,迎风扇段压力增加,两侧扇段则压力降低,背风扇段内侧压力升高形成高温区,并在风速大于8 m/s时高温区会减少,外侧压力降低,迎风背风段的压力变化大于两侧扇段,主机扇段总换热量降低,辅机扇段缓慢增加且受环境风影响较小;在不同环境风向下,当风向角为0°和180°时被遮挡的塔换热量会大幅升高,风向角为45°和135°时,两塔之间的部分扇段被阻挡,被遮挡的塔换热量会相对小幅降低,主机扇段的换热量最大值出现在环境风被完全遮挡的方位,辅机扇段换热量最大值出现在环境风向角90°处,即正对辅机扇段的方位。

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师进文(1981),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为太阳能制氢、碳捕集与利用、空气取水及能质传递与转化,
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李高潮(1981),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电机组汽轮机热力系统以及辅机系统的节能优化改进技术,

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李高潮(1981),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电机组汽轮机热力系统以及辅机系统的节能优化改进技术,

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李高潮(1981),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电机组汽轮机热力系统以及辅机系统的节能优化改进技术,

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Geometric parameters of the “main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower”

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项目数值项目数值
散热器外缘直径176.0空冷塔高度202.0
X形柱0 m直径167.0出口直径108.5
喉部直径103.5入口直径148.4
喉部高度151.5入口高度32.0
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主辅机共塔间接空冷塔的几何参数

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项目数值项目数值
散热器外缘直径176.0空冷塔高度202.0
X形柱0 m直径167.0出口直径108.5
喉部直径103.5入口直径148.4
喉部高度151.5入口高度32.0
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Design and calculation parameters for summer operating conditions

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项目设计值模拟值误差/%
出口水温/℃59.9059.630.45
机组排热量/MW1 168.401 165.200.27
塔内气温/℃30.5230.650.42
出口流速/(m·s–1)6.105.932.79
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夏季工况设计与计算参数

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项目设计值模拟值误差/%
出口水温/℃59.9059.630.45
机组排热量/MW1 168.401 165.200.27
塔内气温/℃30.5230.650.42
出口流速/(m·s–1)6.105.932.79
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环境风作用下主辅机共塔型空冷系统的数值模拟研究
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李高潮 1, 2 , 赵强强 3 , 万超 1 , 范烨 3 , 杨凯旋 1 , 荆涛 4 , 姚兆林 5 , 崔元永 3 , 肖文博 3 , 师进文 3
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2025,54(2): 135-144
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热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2025, 54(2): 135-144
环境风作用下主辅机共塔型空冷系统的数值模拟研究
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李高潮1, 2 , 赵强强3, 万超1, 范烨3, 杨凯旋1, 荆涛4, 姚兆林5, 崔元永3, 肖文博3, 师进文3
作者信息
  • 1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2.高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室,北京 102209
  • 3.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
  • 4.西安西热节能技术有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 5.国家电投集团新疆能源化工有限责任公司塔城分公司,新疆 塔城 834799
  • 李高潮(1981),男,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电机组汽轮机热力系统以及辅机系统的节能优化改进技术,

通讯作者:

师进文(1981),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为太阳能制氢、碳捕集与利用、空气取水及能质传递与转化,
Numerical simulation on main-auxiliary combined air-cooling system under the influence of ambient wind fields
Gaochao LI1, 2 , Qiangqiang ZHAO3, Chao WAN1, Ye FAN3, Kaixuan YANG1, Tao JING4, Zhaolin YAO5, Yuanyong CUI3, Wenbo XIAO3, Jinwen SHI3
Affiliations
  • 1.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.National Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Flexible Coal Power Generation and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Beijing 102209, China
  • 3.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 4.Xi’an TPRI Energy Conservation Technology Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 5.SPIC Xinjiang Energy and Chemical Co., Ltd., Tacheng 834799, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407137
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通过数值模拟研究主辅机共塔间接空冷塔系统在夏季常规工况下不同环境风向、风速对机组流动换热特性的影响。结果表明:环境风速从4 m/s增至16 m/s,迎风扇段压力增加,两侧扇段则压力降低,背风扇段内侧压力升高形成高温区,并在风速大于8 m/s时高温区会减少,外侧压力降低,迎风背风段的压力变化大于两侧扇段,主机扇段总换热量降低,辅机扇段缓慢增加且受环境风影响较小;在不同环境风向下,当风向角为0°和180°时被遮挡的塔换热量会大幅升高,风向角为45°和135°时,两塔之间的部分扇段被阻挡,被遮挡的塔换热量会相对小幅降低,主机扇段的换热量最大值出现在环境风被完全遮挡的方位,辅机扇段换热量最大值出现在环境风向角90°处,即正对辅机扇段的方位。

空冷系统  /  主辅机共塔  /  环境风速  /  环境风向  /  数值模拟

The influence of main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower at different ambient wind speeds and with different directions on flow heat transfer characteristics of the unit under normal working conditions in summer is investigated via numerical simulation. The results show that, as the ambient wind speed increases from 4 m/s to 16 m/s, the pressure in windward fan section of the main-auxiliary combined indirect air-cooling tower will increase, while the pressure on both sides of the fan section will decrease. The pressure on the inner side of the back fan section will increase and high-temperature zones which will decrease in quantity when the wind speed exceeds 8 m/s will form. The pressure on the outer side will decrease, and the pressure change in the upwind and backwind sections will be greater than that on both sides of the fan section. The total heat transfer in the main fan section will continue to decrease, while the auxiliary fan section will continue to increase slowly and be less affected by environmental wind. In different environmental wind directions, when the wind direction angle is 0° or 180°, the heat transfer of the blocked tower will increase significantly. When the wind direction angle is 45° or 135°, some fan sections between the two towers will be blocked, and the heat transfer of the blocked tower will decrease slightly. The maximum heat transfer of the main fan section occurs in the direction where the environmental wind is completely blocked, and the maximum heat transfer of the auxiliary fan section occurs at a 90° environmental wind direction angle, which is directly facing the auxiliary fan section.

air-cooling system  /  main-auxiliary combined tower  /  ambient wind speed  /  ambient wind direction  /  numerical simulation
李高潮, 赵强强, 万超, 范烨, 杨凯旋, 荆涛, 姚兆林, 崔元永, 肖文博, 师进文. 环境风作用下主辅机共塔型空冷系统的数值模拟研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (2) : 135 -144 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407137
Gaochao LI, Qiangqiang ZHAO, Chao WAN, Ye FAN, Kaixuan YANG, Tao JING, Zhaolin YAO, Yuanyong CUI, Wenbo XIAO, Jinwen SHI. Numerical simulation on main-auxiliary combined air-cooling system under the influence of ambient wind fields[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (2) : 135 -144 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407137
我国东北、西北、华北地区的水资源较为紧缺[1],近年来随着空冷技术的发展,间接空冷系统由于节约水资源、维护量低、噪音小等优点被广泛应用[2]。间接空冷系统的核心装置是间接空冷塔,间接空冷塔的安全稳定运行是发电机组的工作效率和经济性的重要保障。主辅机共塔是一种空冷优化技术,主机采用间接空冷系统,辅机冷却水并入主机的间接空冷塔,即主机和辅机共用1个冷却塔的设计方案[3-4]。然而,间接空冷系统使用空气作为冷却介质,环境风等因素会对间冷塔的换热性能产生较大影响,还可能对辅机扇段的换热性质造成更多影响[5-7]。因此,研究环境风对于间接空冷塔换热特性的影响对于怎样改善间接空冷塔的换热效率甚至整个间接空冷机组运行效率有着重要的作用。
近年来,许多学者对于环境风对间接空冷塔换热特性的影响进行了研究,尤其是在环境风速因素方面的研究已经较为成熟。Su等人[8]同步进行了实验和模拟进行对照,研究了环境风导致空冷塔换热能力下降的原因。Yang等人[9]通过CFD仿真研究了在不同风速下间接空冷塔的流动换热特性,研究发现低风速下随着风速的增加间接空冷系统换热性能会变差,当风速增加到一定程度时,由于热空气通过空冷换热器的部件渗透特性,换热性能会得到改善。段耀辉等[10]通过比较在环境风速为5 m/s和10 m/s的情况下空冷塔的速度场和温度场,发现风速升高导致回流会影响换热量。Goodariz等人[11]通过实验和数值模拟发现,环境风会造成间接空冷塔的抽吸力大幅降低,环境侧风会使间接空冷塔换热量减少35%~40%。王海涛等[12]研究团队对核电机组中的间接空冷塔进行了深入探讨,研究结果表明,当环境风速从4 m/s增加至8 m/s时,散热量和通风量均出现了10%以上的下降。张利等[13]探究了冬季严寒大风条件下的间接空冷塔流动换热特性,并且提出改变百叶窗开度措施来抵抗环境风对塔换热特性的影响。
对于主辅机共塔间接空冷系统,部分学者也进行了研究。张宗阳[14]探究了不同主辅机布置方式的情况下,主副机合建式间接空冷机组的流动换热特性,研究结果表明,布置方式对辅机冷却系统的影响远高于主机冷却系统,并且流动性能相对于换热性能更容易受到影响。李满等[4,15]建立了主辅机共塔间接空冷塔的三维数值模型,分析了环境风向对主机、辅机水温降幅的变化规律,得出风向正对辅机扇段会循环冷却水温度降幅最大的结论,探究了环境风和环境气温对间接空冷塔换热特性影响,研究结果表明,当辅机占用1个扇区时,环境风向对辅机出水温度影响较大。
上述学者已经充分研究环境因素传统式间接空冷塔换热特性影响,且有学者进一步推进环境因素对主辅机共塔间接空冷塔的影响的研究。但是对于其流动换热特性的影响因素的研究仅仅局限于主辅机相对位置的布置结构等,并没有全面地考虑环境风对间接空冷塔换热特性的影响,同时并未针对主机和辅机扇段分别所受环境风的影响以及辅机扇段对整体间接空冷塔流场的影响进行讨论。因此,本文选取主辅机共塔间接空冷系统在夏季工况运行进行了模拟,研究在不同环境风速、环境风向下间接空冷塔的流动换热特性,并综合分析环境风对于主机扇段和辅机扇段换热性能的影响。
为了更加直观简便地在Fluent软件中对间接空冷塔模型换热特性进行研究,在建立模型前,对优化型间接空冷塔提出了简化:1)将翅片管束用Fluent中的散热器模型来等效;2)将X形柱和百叶窗等效为具有阻力特性的平面;3)将塔身母线采用二阶光滑曲线进行拟合。
其余的结构做到等比例还原,简化后的模型可以通过SCDM软件建立。
本文研究的目标电厂为火电厂,其火电机组为超超临界2×1 000 MW,同样配置了2座自然通风间接空冷塔并采用l机l塔形式布置。间接空冷塔的参数见表1
根据表1的参数建立模型,对模型中的散热器、百叶窗、冷却三角进行简化。简化后的塔身模型和双塔模型的俯视图布置方位及扇段分布如图1所示。每座间接空冷塔有15个主机扇段、1个辅机扇段和1个辅机备用扇段。
本文使用软件Fluent进行数值模拟计算。将塔外空气流场视为稳态进行计算,介质空气视为不可压缩流体,并且需要满足控制方程[16-18]
连续性方程:
ρt+(ρv)=0
动量守恒方程:
{(ρu)t+(ρUφ)=(μgradu)+Su(ρv)t+(ρUφ)=(μgradv)+Sv(ρw)t+(ρUφ)=(μgradw)+Sw
能量守恒方程:
(ρT)t+(ρvT)=(λcpgradT)+ST
式中:ρ为空气密度,kg/m3t为时间,s;uvw为空气流速,m/s;T为空气温度,K;λ为导热系数,W/(m·K);cp为定压比热容,J/(kg·K);μ为动力黏度,Pa·s;φ为流体运动矢量,m/s;SuSvSwST分别为动量守恒方程和能量守恒方程的动量源项和能量源项[19]
对于塔外部空气湍流流动,使用Realizable湍流模型来描述。Realizable模型相对于标准的模型增加了控制方程,对于层流速度脉动描述的更加细致,并且其能够比较精准地预测平面和圆形射流的扩散作用[20-21]。对于一些控制方程,使用二阶迎风差分格式对动量方程、能量方程、湍流动能方程与湍流动能耗散方程进行离散,各个控制方程的求解用Simple压力速度耦合算法。目前Simple算法作为一种压力修正法,在工程设计中被广泛采用,尤其在流场计算方面得到了广泛应用,是最具代表性、最稳定的压力修正算法[22]。在计算过程中,能量方程的残差精度设置为10–6,其余参数残差精度设置为10–3[23-24]
1)入口边界 对于计算域设置边界条件时,将计算域的1个入口侧面定义为速度入口边界条件,入口速度边界环境风速采用幂指数形式的标准风速廓线描述。
V=V10(z10)p
式中:V为高度z处的风速,m/s;V10为距塔底10 m处的风速;z为距塔底的竖直高度,m;p为地面粗糙指数,取值为0.16[25]
2)出口边界 定义入口边界时,已选1个入口侧面为速度入口条件,将底面定义为壁面条件,其余几个面定义为压力出口条件,出口压力设置为间接空冷塔出口高度202 m处的大气压力[26]
3)散热器边界 利用Fluent软件计算时对于间接空冷塔的散热管束采用散热器(Radiator)模型,并且间接空冷塔的散热器是由大量重复翅片构成的,即可以选择最小的重复单元进行研究。模型采用集总参数法,将流动传热过程用阻力系数和传热系数来描述。传热系数可以通过模拟换热量进行换算,通过传热系数式(5)进行处理:
h=ϕSΔT
式中:ϕ表示翅片换换热量,W;S为翅片管换热面积,m2;ΔT为翅片管与空气平均传热温差,K。
阻力系数可以对最小重复单元进行数值计算,通过模拟压力损失来表示:
kL=2Δpρv2
式中:kL为阻力系数;Δp为压力损失,Pa。
为了更加直观清晰地表述传热系数和阻力系数与流速之间的关系,对2个系数进行实验拟合。风洞实验取10组流速数据从1~10 m/s,每个数据点的换热量和压差进行实验和模拟计算,最后模拟出换热系数和阻力系数的幂指数形式曲线,结果如图2图3所示。
图2中绿色曲线表示实验换热系数,蓝色曲线是通过模拟拟合出的幂函数曲线,可以看出拟合效果较好。拟合后的换热系数关系式为:
h=44.804v0.394
图3可见,蓝色曲线表示实验数据压降,绿色曲线表示模拟压降,2条曲线基本吻合,拟合效果较好。红色曲线则是将压降数据带入式(6)后拟合的阻力系数幂函数曲线。拟合后的压降和阻力系数关系式见式(8)、式(9):
ΔP=22.761v1.624 8
kL=38.808v0.375 2
间接空冷塔的计算模型选取计算域的尺寸为1 500 m×1 500 m×800 m(长×宽×高),由于双塔距离外侧边界较远,可以削弱湍流对于计算造成的影响。使用Fluent软件对计算域和模型进行非结构化网格划分,网格类型采用非均匀的多面体网格,越靠近间接空冷塔网格密度越高,在保证计算精度的同时减少模型的网格数目,节省计算资源。多面体网格模型具体如图4所示。不同网格数量下间接空冷塔内空气流量如图5所示。
图5可见:网格数量与间接空冷塔内部的空气流量呈现一定的关联,在网格数量在150万至300万之间时,空气流量变化较为显著;但当网格数超过381万空气流量基本趋于稳定。因此可以推断当网格总数超过381万时,增加网格数量对数值模拟结果的影响不大。基于对计算精度和工程量的平衡,决定采用网格数为381万的方案。
为了确定后续模拟计算数据的可靠性和正确性,需要对模型的准确性进行验证,根据气象资料,电厂所处位置的主导风向是西风,所以选择西风风向,风速4 m/s,风温29 ℃作为验证环境风,将设计文件中给出的夏季工况参数设为边界条件,对间接空冷塔在此工况下的运行情况展开模拟。为了进一步定量校核模型,本文以间接空冷塔出口水温为对比指标,结果见表2
表2可以看出,出口水温、机组排热量等参数设计值和模拟值的相对误差均远远小于5%,说明了该模型的精度较高。
图6为在夏季环境风风向为西风时,风速从4 m/s逐步增至16 m/s,空冷塔在15 m高处水平截面的流场和压力分布云图。从图6可以看出,随着风速的增加,间接空冷塔的迎风扇段的高压区面积越来越大,压力值越来越高,其原因是环境风会撞击迎风扇面导致其速度降低,损失的动能会转化为压力能,致使迎风扇面的压力升高,且随着风速的增加,转化的压能越来越多。风速为4 m/s时,背风扇段外侧压力相对较高;风速为6 m/s时,背风扇段外侧会形成低压区域并且随着风速增大,低压区面积也随之增加;风速为16 m/s时,低压区完全覆盖背风扇段外侧,从图中流线可以看出风速较大会在塔背风扇段形成湍流和旋涡从而引起扇段外侧压力降低,风速越大涡流现象越明显,压力降低也越多。对于背风扇段内侧,可以发现压力随风速增大而升高,风速越大穿透风引起的压力升高也越明显。由于主辅机共塔型间接空冷塔拥有2个辅机扇段,会导致间接空冷塔内部的流场对称性遭到破坏,塔出口会出现倒吸现象,导致间接空冷塔背风段压力进一步降低。
图6中还可以看出,双塔迎风面两侧靠外侧扇段随风速的增大附近压力也会逐渐降低,这是因为空气绕流,空气流速会增加,根据式(10),在高度相同的情况下势能项保持一定,速度v增加造成动能增加,压能减少,即两侧扇段外侧会形成低压区。双塔迎风面靠中间的扇段由于空气流动截面突然变小,在空气流量不变的情况下,两塔间空气流速会显著增加,由式(10)可知压力也会减小,并且随着环境风速的继续增加,两塔中间的低压区会连在一起。
p1+ρv122+ρgh1=p2+ρv222+ρgh2
图7为西风风速从4 m/s增至16 m/s时,两座间接空冷塔(两塔)各扇段的换热量。换热量的变化主要受换热介质的质量流量和换热温差影响,见式(11):
Q=cqmΔt
式中:Q为环境空气和冷却水换热的总换热量,W;c为换热介质的比热容,J/(kg·K);qm为换热介质的质量流量,kg/s;Δt为换热温差,K。
图7中可以看出:随着风速的增加,扇段1、13、14、15(迎风扇段)换热量不断增加,环境风速从4 m/s增至16 m/s,换热量增加了约55%,这是由于风速的增加使迎风扇段内外压差变大,迫使空气进塔质量流量qm-air增加,从而引起换热量增加;扇段4、5、6、7、8(背风扇段)换热量不断降低,环境风风速从5 m/s增至16 m/s换热量减少约80%,这是因为当风速进一步增强时,背风面扇段会出现穿堂风,间接空冷塔背风扇段塔内热空气向外膨胀挤压塔外冷空气,导致外部进风量qm-air减小,换热性能减弱;扇段2、3、9、10(迎风段两侧扇段)随风速的增加换热量也大幅降低,约减少85%,从图6来看,风速增强会引起空气绕流,于是在空冷塔的两侧形成低压区,间接削弱了间接空冷塔的抽吸力,进入塔内的空气质量流量qm-air减小。在空气穿过两塔中间时,流动截面积变小压强会进一步降低,这就又会导致两塔中间通道的两侧扇区冷却水出口温度升高。也会导致塔两侧扇段附近空气温度升高,且侧风在空冷塔内形成的涡流加剧了两侧扇段热空气的聚集,从而导致空气的换热温差Δt变小,两侧扇段的换热量下降,这也是环境侧风与冷却水温耦合换热导致的问题。
西风风向下,风速为4~16 m/s时两塔总换热量和各扇段压力如图8所示。
图8a)中可以看出,随着风速的增大,1号塔和2号塔主机扇段的总换热量一直在减小,而辅机扇段的总换热量缓慢增长。根据两塔的布置方位来看,辅机占用扇段处于迎风面,空气流量较大,换热性能得到一定改善。主机扇段由于背风部分换热恶化的影响导致总体的换热量处于下降趋势,在风速大于8 m/s时,由于风速的增加导致的空气流量增多,这会对塔的换热性能进行改善,导致总换热量下降的趋势趋于平缓,但总体上依然处于下降状态。辅机扇段总换热量的曲线增长趋势较为平缓,这也说明其受到风速增加的影响相较主机扇段更小。
图8b)、图8c)可以看出,随着风速的变化,两塔各扇段的压力变化趋势基本一致,随着风速的增加,主机迎风扇段和辅机扇段的压力升高,背风扇段和两侧内外侧扇段压力减小,随着风速的增大,两侧内外扇段的压力变化幅度一直很小,迎风扇段和背风扇段压力值变化幅度会愈来愈大。风速每增加2 m/s,两侧内外扇段压力会减小约50 Pa。对于主机迎风扇段和背风扇段,风速从4 m/s增至6 m/s时,迎风扇段压力增加约50 Pa,背风扇段压力减小了约50 Pa。当风速从14 m/s增至16 m/s时,迎风扇段压力增加了约150 Pa,背风扇段减小了约150 Pa。说明了风速的增强对于主机迎风扇段和背风扇段的影响相较于两侧扇段更大,为了防止大风造成间接空冷塔整体抽吸力下降,可着重在主机迎风扇段和背风扇段建立挡风墙或者增加防风网等防风措施,在节约成本的前提下,提升整个系统的防风效果。辅机扇段由于处在迎风面,总体呈现增加的趋势,与主机迎风扇段的压力变化基本一致,这也说明了风速的变化对于主机和辅机所处的扇段压力影响不大。
对不同风向下15 m高度处两塔的压力场和换热量进行了分析,压力和流场分布云图如图9所示。
图9可以看出:西南风向与两座间接空冷塔中心连线夹角为45°时,1号塔迎风扇面处高压区域大于2号塔,且1号塔整体的空气压力明显大于2号塔,主要是因为1号塔对于环境风的阻挡,流向2号塔的空气质量流量qm-air减少,导致2号塔换热量减少;西北风与两座间接空冷塔中心连线夹角为135°时,2号塔对1号塔造成阻挡,压力分布会相反。在这2种风向下,双塔的辅机扇段处于背风状态,由于辅机备用扇段的关闭,在穿透风的作用下,空气质量流量qm-air增加,辅机扇段换热量会进一步增大。
图9还可以看出:南风风向下,由于风向与两座间接空冷塔中心连线为0°,1号塔会挡住吹向2号塔的环境风,导致2号塔几乎处于无风状态,1号塔的整体压力明显高于2号塔,同时无风状态下,2号塔换热量会大幅升高;北风条件下,风向与两座间接空冷塔中心连线呈180°,2号塔会挡住吹向1号塔的环境风,2号塔的迎风面压力以及塔内空气整体压力均会明显高于1号塔,同时1号塔在无风状态下换热量也会升高。
图10为两塔在风向角为各扇段冷却水与外部空气换热量。
图10可以看出:在南风和北风条件下,1号塔和号2塔对应各扇段的换热量几乎相反,出现的少量差异源于相同数字扇段对应的换热扇段并不是完全重合的,有个别的冷却三角会有偏差;在南风下,1号塔会对2号塔环境风完全遮挡导致2号塔处于无风状态下换热性能达到最优;在北风条件下,则反之。同时,对比西北风下和西南风下的1号、2号塔各扇段,发现在西北风下2号塔各扇段换热量几乎均高于号1塔并且迎风扇段尤为明显,这是因为2号塔对1号塔的迎风扇段造成了部分遮挡,1号塔的迎风扇段进气量qm-air减少,总体的换热性能变差,反之西南风下二者各扇段换热量则相反。结合各个风向对于两塔的影响,提出对整年的气象数据进行统计,尽量将两塔布置的方位与一年内较为常规的工况风向靠近南北风,尽量利用两塔间的阻挡效应,进而实现提升间接空冷塔换热量。
不同环境风向下主辅机扇段平均换热量如图11所示。
图11可见:风向角为180°时,1号塔主机扇段的平均换热量最大;风向角为0°时,2号塔主机扇段的平均换热量最大,这与上述主机各扇段的分析也基本一致;两塔的辅机扇段平均换热量最大值均出现在风向角为90°时,此时两塔的辅机扇段均正对着环境风;风向角为45°时,1号塔被2号塔部分阻挡,迎风扇段进气量qm-air减少,不能良好地进行换热,且1号塔换热性能最差,所以主辅机扇段换热量均为最差,相反2号塔则在135°风处主辅机扇段换热量最差。
本文对主辅机共塔型间接空冷塔在夏季工况下不同环境风速、环境风向下的换热特性进行了研究,基于目标电厂的实际条件以及工作参数,分析了间接空冷塔压力场、各扇段换热量及总换热量等随环境因素的变化,得到了以下结论:
1)随着环境风速从4 m/s增至16 m/s主辅机共塔型间接空冷塔主机迎风扇段压力逐渐增大,换热量提高约55%;两侧内外扇段附近流场压力减小,换热量降低约85%;背风扇段外侧压力降低,内侧升高,换热量降低约80%。随着风速的增加,主机扇段总换热量减小,辅机扇段总换热量增加,但变化趋势很小,说明环境风速对主机扇段换热影响更加明显。
2)风速从4 m/s增至16 m/s对主机迎风扇段和背风扇段的影响相较于两侧扇段更大,为防止大风造成间接空冷塔整体抽吸力下降,可着重在主机迎风扇段和背风扇段建立挡风墙或增加防风网等防风措施,节约成本的前提下,提升整个系统的防风效果。
3)环境风风向角为0°或180°时,两塔之间互相阻挡,被挡的塔换热量大幅升高;在45°风向和135°风向下,此时两塔之间会对彼此部分扇段阻挡,导致此区域迎风扇段空气流量减小换热不良。所以在改进电厂的建筑构造时可以根据全年气象数据,选取全年风向频率最多的方向,在改进机组布置时使间接空冷塔呈0°或180°,尽量减少风向角为90°对机组运行的影响。
4)在研究不同环境风向主辅机扇段的换热量时,主机扇段的换热量最大值出现在环境风被该塔完全遮挡的方位,辅机扇段换热量最大值出现在风向角为90°时,即正对扇段的方位。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4102300)
  • 珠海市创新团队项目(2120004000225)
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202407137
  • 接收时间:2024-07-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-05
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFB4102300)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4102300)
Zhuhai Innovation Team Project(2120004000225)
珠海市创新团队项目(2120004000225)
作者信息
    1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    2.高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室,北京 102209
    3.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院,陕西 西安 710049
    4.西安西热节能技术有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    5.国家电投集团新疆能源化工有限责任公司塔城分公司,新疆 塔城 834799

通讯作者:

师进文(1981),男,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为太阳能制氢、碳捕集与利用、空气取水及能质传递与转化,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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