Article(id=1236688423998771762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236688419800281460, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718294400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772779096840, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772779096840, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772779096840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772779096840, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236688419800281460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772779095840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772779471840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236689996908909285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236688419800281460, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236689996908909286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236688419800281460, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=79, endPage=87, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236688424325927477, articleId=1236688423998771762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=An experimental investigation for the influence of load resistances and heat source temperatures on performance of small scale ORC power systems, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems can convert low-temperature (<150 ℃) thermal energy into mechanical energy to generate electricity. To improve the performance of small-scale ORC power systems, an ORC test-rig was built, which has a scroll expander directly connected to the generator. With a 24 kW variable-temperature heat source and the work fluid R245fa, the effects of the variations of load resistance (50~200 Ω) and the heat source temperatures (75~95 ℃) on the performance of the ORC test-rig were explored. The results indicate that, both the output shaft work and the thermal efficiency initially increase and then decrease with rising the load resistance. An optimal load resistance exists to maximize either the output shaft work or thermal efficiency, and this value varies with the heat source temperature. When the heat source temperature is 95 ℃, the output shaft work and thermal efficiency both reach the maximum at 100 Ω load resistance value, which is 722 W and 2.30%. When the heat source temperature is 75 ℃, the output shaft work reaches the maximum at 200 Ω load resistance, which is 532 W, but the thermal efficiency reaches the maximum at 150 Ω load resistance, which is 1.7%. The variation of the resistive load or the heat source temperature can change the scroll expander rotation speed and thus affect system flow rate. Therefore, the simultaneous changes of the resistance load and the heat source temperature have a synergistic effect on the system performance. The results highlight the importance of matching the resistance load and the heat source temperature. The experimental data also provide a direction for optimizing the ORC power systems.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yongchao XU, Yuqi WU, Qingxu MA, Haohan SHA, Siyi LUO, Zongliang ZUO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236688428390208138, articleId=1236688423998771762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=负载电阻与热源温度对小型ORC发电系统性能协同影响的实验探究, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)发电系统可以将低温(<150 ℃)热能转换为机械能进而发电。为提高小型ORC发电系统运行性能,搭建了涡旋膨胀机直连发电机形式的ORC实验台,在24 kW变温热源与工质五氟丙烷(R245fa)条件下,分析了负载电阻在50~200 Ω与热源温度在75~95 ℃变化对ORC系统性能的协同影响。结果表明:ORC系统输出轴功与热效率随负载电阻增加呈现出先增加再减少的趋势,即存在最优负载电阻使系统输出轴功或热效率最大化,且最优负载电阻值会随热源温度变化;当热源温度为95 ℃时,系统输出轴功和热效率在负载电阻100 Ω时达到最大,分别达722 W,2.30%;然而,当热源温度在75 ℃时,系统输出轴功则在负载电阻200 Ω达到最大,为532 W,系统热效率在负载电阻150 Ω达到最大,为1.7%;负载电阻与热源温度变化均会引起涡旋膨胀机转速变化,并进而影响系统流量,导致负载电阻与热源温度同时变化,产生协同作用。该研究结果强调了ORC发电系统热源温度与电力负载协调匹配的重要性,为ORC发电系统设计优化提供了指导与实验数据。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
沙浩瀚(1993),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为智慧能源、智慧建筑、余热利用技术,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=I2yPeJ9vr9HCFa2OSkNC9A==, magXml=xvo4OI7gT5zYxSIuk4p4lw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=futaDr2wqaUuah51ctEV6A==, pdfFileSize=1466157, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TiI2o4D5/eTnnBi6NeDY0A==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=RYxKYJfOlnkyyIpTf05nGw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

许永超(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为余热利用技术,

, authorsList=许永超, 吴玉麒, 马庆旭, 沙浩瀚, 罗思义, 左宗良)}, authors=[Author(id=1236688428901913249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=xu1194903841@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236688429040325293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688428901913249, language=EN, stringName=Yongchao XU, firstName=Yongchao, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236688429153571510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688428901913249, language=CN, stringName=许永超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520, bio={"content":"

许永超(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为余热利用技术,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

许永超(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为余热利用技术,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428637672082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428646060691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428658643604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520)])]), Author(id=1236688429241651902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236688429325537990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688429241651902, language=EN, stringName=Yuqi WU, firstName=Yuqi, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Linyi Wisdom New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276002, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236688429426201297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688429241651902, language=CN, stringName=吴玉麒, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.临沂智慧新能源科技有限公司,山东 临沂 276002, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428755112600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428763501209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428755112600, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Linyi Wisdom New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428776084122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428755112600, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.临沂智慧新能源科技有限公司,山东 临沂 276002)])]), Author(id=1236688429547836125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236688429627527908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688429547836125, language=EN, stringName=Qingxu MA, firstName=Qingxu, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236688431045202665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688429547836125, language=CN, stringName=马庆旭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428637672082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428646060691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428658643604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520)])]), Author(id=1236688431192003316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=haohansha@qut.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236688431292666616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688431192003316, language=EN, stringName=Haohan SHA, firstName=Haohan, middleName=null, lastName=SHA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236688431422690053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688431192003316, language=CN, stringName=沙浩瀚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428637672082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428646060691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428658643604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520)])]), Author(id=1236688431556907792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236688431737262872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688431556907792, language=EN, stringName=Siyi LUO, firstName=Siyi, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236688431821148957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688431556907792, language=CN, stringName=罗思义, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428637672082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428646060691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428658643604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520)])]), Author(id=1236688431955366692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236688432068612916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688431955366692, language=EN, stringName=Zongliang ZUO, firstName=Zongliang, middleName=null, lastName=ZUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236688432165081919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, authorId=1236688431955366692, language=CN, stringName=左宗良, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428637672082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428646060691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428658643604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236688432299299660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=organic Rankine cycle), Keyword(id=1236688432391574358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=electronic load), Keyword(id=1236688432471266142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=low temperature heat source), Keyword(id=1236688432542569315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=scroll expander), Keyword(id=1236688432613872489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=system performance), Keyword(id=1236688432689369968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=有机朗肯循环), Keyword(id=1236688432777450359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=电子负载), Keyword(id=1236688432882307970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=低温热源), Keyword(id=1236688433008137098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=涡旋膨胀机), Keyword(id=1236688433104606094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=系统性能)], refs=[Reference(id=1236688437508624464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=6492, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=HU S Z, YANG Z, LI J, journalName=Energies, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HU S Z, YANG Z, LI J, et al. A review of multi-objective optimization in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system design[J]. Energies, 2021, 14: 6492., articleTitle=A review of multi-objective optimization in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688437621870677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=231, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=CAO J Y, ZHENG L, ZHENG Z Y, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO J Y, ZHENG L, ZHENG Z Y, et al. Recent progress in organic Rankine cycle targeting utilisation of ultra-low-temperature heat towards carbon neutrality[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 231: 120903., articleTitle=Recent progress in organic Rankine cycle targeting utilisation of ultra-low-temperature heat towards carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688437722533979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=135, issue=null, pageStart=97, pageEnd=112, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=YU Z T, FENG C Y, BIAN F Y, journalName=International Journal of Refrigeration, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Z T, FENG C Y, BIAN F Y, et al. Investigation and optimization of a two-stage cascade ORC system for medium and low-grade waste heat recovery using liquefied natural gas cold energy[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2022, 135: 97-112., articleTitle=Investigation and optimization of a two-stage cascade ORC system for medium and low-grade waste heat recovery using liquefied natural gas cold energy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688437819002975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=1, pageStart=115, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=石磊, 赵亚珑, 彭斌, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=石磊, 赵亚珑, 彭斌. 基于小型ORC涡旋膨胀机变工况特性研究及实验验证[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(1): 115-123., articleTitle=基于小型ORC涡旋膨胀机变工况特性研究及实验验证, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688437936443493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=53, issue=1, pageStart=115, pageEnd=123, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=SHI Lei, ZHAO Yalong, PENG Bin, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHI Lei, ZHAO Yalong, PENG Bin. Based on the study of variable operating conditions and experimental verification of a small-scale ORC with a scroll expander[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(1): 115-123., articleTitle=Based on the study of variable operating conditions and experimental verification of a small-scale ORC with a scroll expander, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438045495401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=173, issue=null, pageStart=37, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=NEMATOLLAHI O, ABADI G B, KIM D Y, journalName=Energy Conversion and Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEMATOLLAHI O, ABADI G B, KIM D Y, et al. Experimental study of the effect of brazed compact metal-foam evaporator in an organic Rankine cycle performance: toward a compact ORC[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 173: 37-45., articleTitle=Experimental study of the effect of brazed compact metal-foam evaporator in an organic Rankine cycle performance: toward a compact ORC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438141964398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=马新灵, 王聪, 石文琪, journalName=郑州大学学报(工学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=马新灵, 王聪, 石文琪, 等. ORC系统蒸发器夹点温差的数值分析和实验研究[J]. 郑州大学学报(工学版) , 2023, 44(1): 65-69., articleTitle=ORC系统蒸发器夹点温差的数值分析和实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438263599218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=44, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=69, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=MA Xinling, WANG Cong, SHI Wenqi, journalName=Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA Xinling, WANG Cong, SHI Wenqi, et al. Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of the evaporator PPTD in ORC system[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2023, 44(1): 65-69., articleTitle=Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of the evaporator PPTD in ORC system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438334902388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=余海彬, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余海彬. 有机朗肯循环封闭式膨胀机内置发电机冷却问题研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2022: 1., articleTitle=有机朗肯循环封闭式膨胀机内置发电机冷却问题研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438443954299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=YU Haibin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Haibin. Investigations on internal generator exhaust cooling for hermetic expanders in organic Rankine cycles[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2022: 1., articleTitle=Investigations on internal generator exhaust cooling for hermetic expanders in organic Rankine cycles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438532034686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=12, pageStart=1778, pageEnd=1788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=吴俐俊, 梁星原, 韦增志, journalName=同济大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴俐俊, 梁星原, 韦增志, 等. 高炉冲渣水有机朗肯循环波纹板式冷凝器传热特性[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 49(12): 1778-1788., articleTitle=高炉冲渣水有机朗肯循环波纹板式冷凝器传热特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438674641024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=49, issue=12, pageStart=1778, pageEnd=1788, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=WU Lijun, LIANG Xingyuan, WEI Zengzhi, journalName=Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Lijun, LIANG Xingyuan, WEI Zengzhi, et al. Heat transfer characteristics corrugated plate condenser in organic Rankine cycle for blast furnace slag flushing water [J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2021, 49(12): 1778-1788., articleTitle=Heat transfer characteristics corrugated plate condenser in organic Rankine cycle for blast furnace slag flushing water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438758527111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=246, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=JIN Y L, GAO N P, ZHU T, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIN Y L, GAO N P, ZHU T. Effect of resistive load characteristics on the performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC)[J]. Energy, 2022, 246: 123407., articleTitle=Effect of resistive load characteristics on the performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440205561996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=30, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=13, authorNames=曹泷, 张鸣, 刘秀龙, journalName=热能动力工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹泷, 张鸣, 刘秀龙, 等. 波动热源下ORC发电系统的动态运行特性[J]. 热能动力工程, 2018, 33(3): 30-36., articleTitle=波动热源下ORC发电系统的动态运行特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440323002513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=33, issue=3, pageStart=30, pageEnd=36, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=CAO Long, ZHANG Ming, LIU Xiulong, journalName=Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO Long, ZHANG Ming, LIU Xiulong, et al. Dynamic operating characteristics of organic Rankine cycle under unsteady heat source[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2018, 33(3): 30-36., articleTitle=Dynamic operating characteristics of organic Rankine cycle under unsteady heat source, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440406888597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=48, issue=9, pageStart=1268, pageEnd=1273, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=15, authorNames=汤磊, 王羽平, 杨平, journalName=上海交通大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=汤磊, 王羽平, 杨平, 等. 低温热能有机物朗肯循环发电系统的最佳负载特性实验研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2014, 48(9): 1268-1273., articleTitle=低温热能有机物朗肯循环发电系统的最佳负载特性实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440511746201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=48, issue=9, pageStart=1268, pageEnd=1273, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=TANG Lei, WANG Yuping, YANG Ping, journalName=Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG Lei, WANG Yuping, YANG Ping, et al. Experimental study of optimal load characteristics of low temperature heat organic Ranine cycle power generation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2014, 48(9): 1268-1273., articleTitle=Experimental study of optimal load characteristics of low temperature heat organic Ranine cycle power generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440629186719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=212, issue=null, pageStart=1252, pageEnd=61, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=17, authorNames=HOU X C, ZHANG H G, XU Y H, journalName=Appl Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOU X C, ZHANG H G, XU Y H, et al. External load resistance effect on the free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system[J]. Appl Energy, 2018, 212: 1252-61., articleTitle=External load resistance effect on the free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440721461415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=133, issue=null, pageStart=284, pageEnd=294, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=18, authorNames=CAO S, XU J L, MIAO Z, journalName=Renewable Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO S, XU J L, MIAO Z, et al. Steady and transient operation of an organic Rankine cycle power system[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019, 133: 284-294., articleTitle=Steady and transient operation of an organic Rankine cycle power system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440855679145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=7, pageStart=237, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=19, authorNames=赵腾龙, 张红光, 侯孝臣, journalName=太阳能学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵腾龙, 张红光, 侯孝臣, 等. 外接负载对ORC余热回收系统中自由活塞膨胀机-直线发电机的性能影响研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(7): 237-243., articleTitle=外接负载对ORC余热回收系统中自由活塞膨胀机-直线发电机的性能影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440977313969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=7, pageStart=237, pageEnd=243, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZHAO Tenglong, ZHANG Hongguang, HOU Xiaochen, journalName=Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Tenglong, ZHANG Hongguang, HOU Xiaochen, et al. External load resistance effect on free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2020, 41(7): 237-243., articleTitle=External load resistance effect on free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441086365877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=139, issue=null, pageStart=206, pageEnd=221, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=21, authorNames=BADESCU V, ABOALTABOOQ M H K, POP H, journalName=Energy Conversion and Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BADESCU V, ABOALTABOOQ M H K, POP H, et al. Design and operational procedures for ORC-based systems coupled with internal combustion engines driving electrical generators at full and partial load[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 139: 206-221., articleTitle=Design and operational procedures for ORC-based systems coupled with internal combustion engines driving electrical generators at full and partial load, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441212195001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=95, issue=null, pageStart=21, pageEnd=28, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=22, authorNames=ZHU J, CHEN Z W, HUANG H L, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU J, CHEN Z W, HUANG H L, et al. Effect of resistive load on the performance of an organic Rankine cycle with a scroll expander[J]. Energy, 2016, 95: 21-28., articleTitle=Effect of resistive load on the performance of an organic Rankine cycle with a scroll expander, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441308663998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=141, issue=null, pageStart=1020, pageEnd=1034, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=23, authorNames=SIMON E, GUOHONG T, JOHN C, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SIMON E, GUOHONG T, JOHN C. A review of scroll expander geometries and their performance[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 141: 1020-1034., articleTitle=A review of scroll expander geometries and their performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441400938689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=30, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=24, authorNames=赵晓文, 苏俊林, journalName=冶金能源, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵晓文, 苏俊林. 板式换热器的研究现状及进展[J]. 冶金能源, 2011, 30(1): 52-55., articleTitle=板式换热器的研究现状及进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441480630471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=30, issue=1, pageStart=52, pageEnd=55, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=25, authorNames=ZHAO Xiaowen, SU Junlin, journalName=Energy for Metallurgical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Xiaowen, SU Junlin. Research status and development of the plate heat exchangers[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry, 2011, 30(1): 52-55., articleTitle=Research status and development of the plate heat exchangers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441610653903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=172, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=26, authorNames=戴菲菲, 周永光, 汤根法, journalName=科学技术创新, refType=null, unstructuredReference=戴菲菲, 周永光, 汤根法, 等. 电动隔膜泵性能优化与试验研究[J]. 科学技术创新, 2022, 22: 172-175., articleTitle=电动隔膜泵性能优化与试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441719705812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=172, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=27, authorNames=DAI Feifei, ZHOU Yongguang, TANG Genfa, journalName=Scientific and Technological Innovation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI Feifei, ZHOU Yongguang, TANG Genfa, et al. Performance optimization and experimental study of electric diaphragm pump[J]. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2022, 22: 172-175., articleTitle=Performance optimization and experimental study of electric diaphragm pump, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441832952026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=135, issue=null, pageStart=109, pageEnd=115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=28, authorNames=QIU K, THOMAS M, DOUGLAS M, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=QIU K, THOMAS M, DOUGLAS M. Investigation of a scroll expander driven by compressed air and its potential applications to ORC[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 135: 109-115., articleTitle=Investigation of a scroll expander driven by compressed air and its potential applications to ORC, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688441929421023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=29, authorNames=WOODLAND B J, BRAUN J E, GROLL E A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WOODLAND B J, BRAUN J E, GROLL E A, et al. Experimental testing of an organic Rankine cycle with scroll-type expander[C]. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. 2012., articleTitle=Experimental testing of an organic Rankine cycle with scroll-type expander, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442013307107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=182, issue=null, pageStart=369, pageEnd=82, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=30, authorNames=JANG Y, LEE J, journalName=Energy Conversion and Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JANG Y, LEE J. Comprehensive assessment of the impact of operating parameters on sub 1 kW compact ORC performance [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 182: 369-82., articleTitle=Comprehensive assessment of the impact of operating parameters on sub 1 kW compact ORC performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442113970407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=15, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=31, authorNames=刘兴华, 朱俊达, 孙欢, journalName=保鲜与加工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘兴华, 朱俊达, 孙欢, 等. 蒸发温度对低温冷能回收ORC发电系统特性的影响[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2023, 23(2): 15-22., articleTitle=蒸发温度对低温冷能回收ORC发电系统特性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442176884973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=23, issue=2, pageStart=15, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=32, authorNames=LIU Xinghua, ZHU Junda, SUN Huan, journalName=Storage and Process, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Xinghua, ZHU Junda, SUN Huan, et al. Effect of evaporation temperature on characteristic of low temperature cold energy recovery ORC power generation system[J]. Storage and Process, 2023, 23(2): 15-22., articleTitle=Effect of evaporation temperature on characteristic of low temperature cold energy recovery ORC power generation system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442285936882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=34, issue=4, pageStart=1581, pageEnd=1589, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=33, authorNames=NEMATOLLAHIO, NILI-AHMADABADI M, KIM K C, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NEMATOLLAHIO, NILI-AHMADABADI M, KIM K C. The influence of cubic real-gas equations of state in the supersonic regime of dense gases[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2020, 34(4): 1581-1589., articleTitle=The influence of cubic real-gas equations of state in the supersonic regime of dense gases, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442403377399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=34, authorNames=潘辉辉, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘辉辉. 有机朗肯循环稳态及动态性能的实验研究[D]. 湘潭: 湘潭大学, 2022: 1., articleTitle=有机朗肯循环稳态及动态性能的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442491457788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=35, authorNames=PAN Huihui, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN Huihui. Experimental study on dynamic and steady state performance of organic Rankine cycle[D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2022: 1., articleTitle=Experimental study on dynamic and steady state performance of organic Rankine cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442583732480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=55, issue=null, pageStart=173, pageEnd=183, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=36, authorNames=DECLAYE S, QUOILIN S, GUILLAUME L, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DECLAYE S, QUOILIN S, GUILLAUME L, et al. Experimental study on an open drive scroll expander integrated into an ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system with R245fa as working fluid[J]. Energy, 2013, 55: 173-183., articleTitle=Experimental study on an open drive scroll expander integrated into an ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system with R245fa as working fluid, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442696978696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=1642, pageEnd=1648, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=李垒, 陶乐仁, 申玲, journalName=化工进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李垒, 陶乐仁, 申玲, 等. 有机朗肯循环用涡旋膨胀机的改进与实验研究[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(5): 1642-1648., articleTitle=有机朗肯循环用涡旋膨胀机的改进与实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688442839585039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=36, issue=5, pageStart=1642, pageEnd=1648, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=38, authorNames=LI Lei, TAO Leren, SHEN Ling, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Lei, TAO Leren, SHEN Ling, et al. Improvement and experimental research on the performance of scroll expander using organic Rankine cycle (ORC)[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(5): 1642-1648., articleTitle=Improvement and experimental research on the performance of scroll expander using organic Rankine cycle (ORC), refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236688437261160518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, awardId=2023TSGC0423, language=EN, fundingSource=Shandong Province Science and Technology-based Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Innovation Capacity Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0423), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236688437374406730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, awardId=2023TSGC0423, language=CN, fundingSource=山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0423), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688428637672082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428646060691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428658643604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428637672082, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236688428755112600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428763501209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428755112600, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Linyi Wisdom New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276002, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688428776084122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, companyId=1236688428755112600, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.临沂智慧新能源科技有限公司,山东 临沂 276002)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236688433238823834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Basic structure of the ORC system, figureFileSmall=XyK8QVOcyy2Olkw9Q/o68w==, figureFileBig=TiI2o4D5/eTnnBi6NeDY0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688433431761827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图1, caption=ORC发电系统基本结构, figureFileSmall=XyK8QVOcyy2Olkw9Q/o68w==, figureFileBig=TiI2o4D5/eTnnBi6NeDY0A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688433662448565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram and picture the ORC test-rig, figureFileSmall=YSq8L3xVPFXoH+8Xp5EQOA==, figureFileBig=u5Oo+x1llfck4swe0gKFqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688433775694779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ORC实验平台示意和实物, figureFileSmall=YSq8L3xVPFXoH+8Xp5EQOA==, figureFileBig=u5Oo+x1llfck4swe0gKFqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688433867969472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Variations of average output shaft work at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=HgxApasUeVtz/8gLeFZ47Q==, figureFileBig=vD2c2XMOrFfCBw1EVQRRBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688434014770120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下系统平均输出轴功变化, figureFileSmall=HgxApasUeVtz/8gLeFZ47Q==, figureFileBig=vD2c2XMOrFfCBw1EVQRRBw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688434111239118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Variations of speed and torque versus shaft work at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=7FKCiKUnlBL/+MCAoCOXYg==, figureFileBig=AolrEVsb6iwTD7r74saA5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435205952473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下转速、扭矩与轴功的变化, figureFileSmall=7FKCiKUnlBL/+MCAoCOXYg==, figureFileBig=AolrEVsb6iwTD7r74saA5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435319198687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Variations of system average thermal efficiency at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=kMthmKQErTlPxEZNGYspOw==, figureFileBig=cnF6nlHdto33E210TsA5Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435415667686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同热源温度与负载电阻下系统平均热效率的变化, figureFileSmall=kMthmKQErTlPxEZNGYspOw==, figureFileBig=cnF6nlHdto33E210TsA5Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435512136683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Variations of inlet and outlet parameters of the expander at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=1RsfEwPfqRgijim00FNj6Q==, figureFileBig=/ueax68tAiAAzWAqPx9Inw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435604411378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下膨胀机进出口参数的变化关系, figureFileSmall=1RsfEwPfqRgijim00FNj6Q==, figureFileBig=/ueax68tAiAAzWAqPx9Inw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435700880375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Variations of expander mechanical efficiency at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=tA9FhAUP4YdJ1OpGCA7KgA==, figureFileBig=Jyomm8jTXRVvSbqpExVCkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435784766461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下膨胀机机械效率的变化, figureFileSmall=tA9FhAUP4YdJ1OpGCA7KgA==, figureFileBig=Jyomm8jTXRVvSbqpExVCkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435851874308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Variations of mass flow rate at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=V+xnKAK7sTN400kz6NKAjg==, figureFileBig=Y2nUKCKB4wjvFUfclpccJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688435935760393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下质量流量变化, figureFileSmall=V+xnKAK7sTN400kz6NKAjg==, figureFileBig=Y2nUKCKB4wjvFUfclpccJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688436040618002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variations of evaporator heat gain at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=tpQXs37V3SBVUKzi3y3p+Q==, figureFileBig=eM/TZ4OYYIX1mzJOeBipxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688436191612950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下蒸发器吸热量变化, figureFileSmall=tpQXs37V3SBVUKzi3y3p+Q==, figureFileBig=eM/TZ4OYYIX1mzJOeBipxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688436330024989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Variations of isentropic efficiency of an expander at different temperatures and load resistances, figureFileSmall=3vpJTHh6/26KQl7WKj13Jw==, figureFileBig=Q8ZPp+VufodcYVQWniTy3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688436460048421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同温度与负载电阻下膨胀机等熵效率的变化, figureFileSmall=3vpJTHh6/26KQl7WKj13Jw==, figureFileBig=Q8ZPp+VufodcYVQWniTy3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688436556517420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Component parameters of the ORC test-rig

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备项目数值设备项目数值
涡旋膨胀机(奥特佳ATC-085-C3)蒸发压力/MPa0.281蒸发器/冷凝器(国新换热器
有限公司B3-60-66)
设计压力/MPa3.0
冷凝压力/MPa1.796设计温度/℃–195/+200
冷凝温度/℃62.8换热面积/m23.63
蒸发温度/℃–1.1
隔膜工质泵(上海大江工业泵厂SJ3-M-460/0.85)额定流量/(L·h–1)460电热热水锅炉(河南省恒信
锅炉制造有限公司CWDR-24KW-D)
额定功率/kW24
额定功率/kW1.5额定温度/℃85
额定压力/MPa0.85最大温度/℃100
风冷式冷水机(万浩达设备有限公司 风冷6HP)总功率/kW4.5电子负载分析仪(东莞市不凡
电子有限公司DCT7103)
最大电压/V500
水泵功率/kW0.37最大电流/A100
制冷温度/℃5~35最大功率/W1 200
电压/V380/3PH额定电压/V220
储液罐(悦子制冷配件批发S-11)容量/L6永磁发电机(江苏乃尔风电800M2)额定功率/W800
工作温度/℃–40/+130额定电压/V48
最大工作压力/MPa3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236688436652986416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ORC实验台部件参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备项目数值设备项目数值
涡旋膨胀机(奥特佳ATC-085-C3)蒸发压力/MPa0.281蒸发器/冷凝器(国新换热器
有限公司B3-60-66)
设计压力/MPa3.0
冷凝压力/MPa1.796设计温度/℃–195/+200
冷凝温度/℃62.8换热面积/m23.63
蒸发温度/℃–1.1
隔膜工质泵(上海大江工业泵厂SJ3-M-460/0.85)额定流量/(L·h–1)460电热热水锅炉(河南省恒信
锅炉制造有限公司CWDR-24KW-D)
额定功率/kW24
额定功率/kW1.5额定温度/℃85
额定压力/MPa0.85最大温度/℃100
风冷式冷水机(万浩达设备有限公司 风冷6HP)总功率/kW4.5电子负载分析仪(东莞市不凡
电子有限公司DCT7103)
最大电压/V500
水泵功率/kW0.37最大电流/A100
制冷温度/℃5~35最大功率/W1 200
电压/V380/3PH额定电压/V220
储液罐(悦子制冷配件批发S-11)容量/L6永磁发电机(江苏乃尔风电800M2)额定功率/W800
工作温度/℃–40/+130额定电压/V48
最大工作压力/MPa3.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236688436757844018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The measuring instrument parameters of the ORC test-rig

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目范围精度/%数量
温度传感器K型0~1 370 ℃±0.512
压力传感器0~4 MPa0.2512
热水涡旋流量计1.5~15.0 m3/h1.01
冷水涡旋流量计1.5~15.0 m3/h1.01
超声波流量计>0.05 m3/h2.01
扭矩仪(转速)0~20 N·m,0~10 000 r/min0.31
功率测量仪0.5~600 V,0.01~40 A0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1236688436862701621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

ORC实验台测量仪器参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目范围精度/%数量
温度传感器K型0~1 370 ℃±0.512
压力传感器0~4 MPa0.2512
热水涡旋流量计1.5~15.0 m3/h1.01
冷水涡旋流量计1.5~15.0 m3/h1.01
超声波流量计>0.05 m3/h2.01
扭矩仪(转速)0~20 N·m,0~10 000 r/min0.31
功率测量仪0.5~600 V,0.01~40 A0.11
), ArticleFig(id=1236688436963364922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The ORC experiment settings

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
热源
温度/℃
负载
电阻/Ω
冷源
温度/℃
热源流量/
(m3·h1)
冷源流量/
(m3·h1)
环境温度/
75~8050~2001023.418~20
), ArticleFig(id=1236688437101776958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688423998771762, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ORC实验设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
热源
温度/℃
负载
电阻/Ω
冷源
温度/℃
热源流量/
(m3·h1)
冷源流量/
(m3·h1)
环境温度/
75~8050~2001023.418~20
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
负载电阻与热源温度对小型ORC发电系统性能协同影响的实验探究
收藏切换
PDF下载
许永超 1 , 吴玉麒 2 , 马庆旭 1 , 沙浩瀚 1 , 罗思义 1 , 左宗良 1
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025,54(2): 79-87
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025, 54(2): 79-87
负载电阻与热源温度对小型ORC发电系统性能协同影响的实验探究
全屏
许永超1 , 吴玉麒2, 马庆旭1, 沙浩瀚1 , 罗思义1, 左宗良1
作者信息
  • 1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520
  • 2.临沂智慧新能源科技有限公司,山东 临沂 276002
  • 许永超(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为余热利用技术,

通讯作者:

沙浩瀚(1993),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为智慧能源、智慧建筑、余热利用技术,
An experimental investigation for the influence of load resistances and heat source temperatures on performance of small scale ORC power systems
Yongchao XU1 , Yuqi WU2, Qingxu MA1, Haohan SHA1 , Siyi LUO1, Zongliang ZUO1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
  • 2.Linyi Wisdom New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276002, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157
文章导航
收藏切换

有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)发电系统可以将低温(<150 ℃)热能转换为机械能进而发电。为提高小型ORC发电系统运行性能,搭建了涡旋膨胀机直连发电机形式的ORC实验台,在24 kW变温热源与工质五氟丙烷(R245fa)条件下,分析了负载电阻在50~200 Ω与热源温度在75~95 ℃变化对ORC系统性能的协同影响。结果表明:ORC系统输出轴功与热效率随负载电阻增加呈现出先增加再减少的趋势,即存在最优负载电阻使系统输出轴功或热效率最大化,且最优负载电阻值会随热源温度变化;当热源温度为95 ℃时,系统输出轴功和热效率在负载电阻100 Ω时达到最大,分别达722 W,2.30%;然而,当热源温度在75 ℃时,系统输出轴功则在负载电阻200 Ω达到最大,为532 W,系统热效率在负载电阻150 Ω达到最大,为1.7%;负载电阻与热源温度变化均会引起涡旋膨胀机转速变化,并进而影响系统流量,导致负载电阻与热源温度同时变化,产生协同作用。该研究结果强调了ORC发电系统热源温度与电力负载协调匹配的重要性,为ORC发电系统设计优化提供了指导与实验数据。

有机朗肯循环  /  电子负载  /  低温热源  /  涡旋膨胀机  /  系统性能

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power systems can convert low-temperature (<150 ℃) thermal energy into mechanical energy to generate electricity. To improve the performance of small-scale ORC power systems, an ORC test-rig was built, which has a scroll expander directly connected to the generator. With a 24 kW variable-temperature heat source and the work fluid R245fa, the effects of the variations of load resistance (50~200 Ω) and the heat source temperatures (75~95 ℃) on the performance of the ORC test-rig were explored. The results indicate that, both the output shaft work and the thermal efficiency initially increase and then decrease with rising the load resistance. An optimal load resistance exists to maximize either the output shaft work or thermal efficiency, and this value varies with the heat source temperature. When the heat source temperature is 95 ℃, the output shaft work and thermal efficiency both reach the maximum at 100 Ω load resistance value, which is 722 W and 2.30%. When the heat source temperature is 75 ℃, the output shaft work reaches the maximum at 200 Ω load resistance, which is 532 W, but the thermal efficiency reaches the maximum at 150 Ω load resistance, which is 1.7%. The variation of the resistive load or the heat source temperature can change the scroll expander rotation speed and thus affect system flow rate. Therefore, the simultaneous changes of the resistance load and the heat source temperature have a synergistic effect on the system performance. The results highlight the importance of matching the resistance load and the heat source temperature. The experimental data also provide a direction for optimizing the ORC power systems.

organic Rankine cycle  /  electronic load  /  low temperature heat source  /  scroll expander  /  system performance
许永超, 吴玉麒, 马庆旭, 沙浩瀚, 罗思义, 左宗良. 负载电阻与热源温度对小型ORC发电系统性能协同影响的实验探究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (2) : 79 -87 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157
Yongchao XU, Yuqi WU, Qingxu MA, Haohan SHA, Siyi LUO, Zongliang ZUO. An experimental investigation for the influence of load resistances and heat source temperatures on performance of small scale ORC power systems[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (2) : 79 -87 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157
有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)是一种有效拓展低温热源应用途径的技术,其原理为使用低沸点的有机工质吸收低温热能,将有机工质转变为具有一定温度与压力的蒸气,推动膨胀机做功,实现热能向机械能的转换。如将膨胀机连接至发电机,还能进一步实现机械能向电能的转换。ORC发电系统的基本结构如图1所示。
最近十几年来,能源短缺与全球变暖等问题愈发严重。作为一种可以利用太阳能、地热能等低温热能的潜在技术,ORC得到了越来越多的研究关注[1-2]。目前,对于ORC发电系统中有关ORC结构[3]、蒸发器[4-5]、冷凝器[6]、膨胀机[7-8]等的优化设计研究占比较大。然而,有关ORC发电系统的负载对系统性能影响的研究较少,限制了该技术的实际应用。
目前,国内外仅有少部分文献针对ORC发电系统的负载影响进行了实验探索[9-11]。例如,Hou等人[12]基于自由活塞膨胀机-线性发电机试验台,研究了外部负载电阻对运动特性、指示效率、输出性能和能量转换效率的影响。实验结果表明,自由活塞膨胀机的指示效率随着外部负载电阻的增加而降低,并且随着外部负载电阻和进气压力的增加,自由活塞膨胀机-线性发电机的峰值电压输出增加。Cao等人[13]使用灯阵列实验研究可变外部负载电阻对系统性能的影响,结果表明,膨胀机转速、负载电阻和ORC热容量之间存在最佳匹配。赵腾龙等[14]设计了一套自由活塞膨胀机-直线发电机的试验系统以测试负载电阻的影响,结果表明,试验系统输出功率随着负载电阻和进气压力的增大而增大。Badescu等人[15]使用电气模拟器作为ORC发电系统的外部负载,探索系统流量与负载协同作用下对系统效率的影响,结果发现使净输出功率最大化的最佳质量流量随外负载变化。
尽管实验已经证实负载电阻变化对膨胀机和ORC系统的输出功率及效率有明显影响[16],但这些研究结果仍不能完全阐明ORC发电系统与负载电阻耦合的内部机制。目前,负载电阻变化对发电机与膨胀机运行的影响机制仍不明确。ORC膨胀机的类型多变,包括螺杆式、活塞式、涡旋式等。负载变化对不同类型膨胀机在使用不同工质时的影响不同,需要针对不同膨胀机明确具体影响机制。另外,目前ORC发电系统有关负载电阻与热源温度协同影响的实验研究不足,难以在设计阶段高效匹配ORC发电系统热源与负载。
考虑到涡旋膨胀机在小型低温ORC实验研究中性能表现良好,运转平稳且成本较低,对比其他类型膨胀机具有更好的市场化潜力[17],本研究搭建了低温小型ORC实验台,探索了负载与热源同时变化对于使用涡旋膨胀机的ORC发电系统影响,研究了热源温度与负载电阻对系统热效率、膨胀机机械效率和膨胀机等熵效率等指标的影响,为优化使用小型涡旋膨胀机的ORC发电系统设计与运行提供了指导,并为进一步的建模分析提供了实验数据。
搭建了一个ORC的实验台,其示意与实物如图2所示。该实验台主要包括3部分组成:热源部分、冷源部分、ORC发电系统。实验台使用R245fa作为工质,采用涡旋膨胀机直连发电机与电子负载的形式进行实验,获得不同工况下系统的输出功率、热力参数等数据。实验台主要部件信息见表1
热源部分主要包括电热锅炉与热水泵。电热锅炉提供热水作为ORC系统热源,热水泵提供循环动力。电热锅炉的出水温度可设置为75~100 ℃。冷源部分的设备主要包括风冷式冷水机与冷却水泵。风冷式冷水机提供冷水作为ORC系统冷源,冷却水泵提供循环动力。风冷式冷水机的出水温度可设置为5~30 ℃。
ORC发电系统主要由2个板式换热器、1个隔膜工质泵、1个涡旋膨胀机组成。2个板式换热器分别用作本实验台的蒸发器与冷凝器(图2)。板式换热器[18]具有高效、紧凑、易于维护等优点,还具有较高的操作弹性,可以适应不同流量和温度变化。
隔膜工质泵提供ORC系统循环动力。隔膜泵[19]具有高容积比和在高压差下产生低流量的能力,适用于小型ORC系统。涡旋膨胀机作为热功转换的核心部件,本实验中其是由涡旋压缩机改装而来。所用涡旋压缩机将内膜片拆除,进出口反接,即可实现膨胀机功能。相关文献[20-21]已经证明了将压缩机改装为膨胀机方法在小型ORC系统中的可行性。膨胀机通过联轴器与永磁发电机相连,然后发电机接入电子负载分析仪。该电子负载分析可根据需要任意设置电阻阻值,用于模拟不同负载情况。此外,为保障膨胀机在启停过程中的平稳运行,在膨胀机上设置了旁通管路,并在冷凝器与隔膜工质泵之间设置了储液罐稳压。
为收集实验数据,在本实验台各位置安装了温度、压力、扭矩、转速传感器等监测设备,具体传感器参数见表2。为降低环境温度影响,除隔膜工质泵、试镜等设备外,其余设备及管段均添加1.5 cm保温层。
本研究还需计算系统热效率、膨胀机机械效率等指标。
在定压吸热过程中,蒸发器内工质吸热量[22]为:
Qeva=m˙0(heva,outheva,in)
式中:Qeva为工质在蒸发器内吸热量,kW;m˙0为工质的质量流量,kg/s;heva,inheva,out为分别是蒸发器工质侧入口处和出口处的比焓,kJ/kg,该比焓可根据监测的压力与温度计算。
系统的质量流量可以根据体积流量计算:
m˙0=V˙expρ0
式中:V˙exp为系统监测的体积流量,m³/s; ρ0为监测处流体的密度,kg/m³,可根据监测处流体的压力与温度计算。
系统的净输出功即系统输出轴功,可由系统膨胀机输出的扭矩与转速[15]计算得出:
Wnet=Mn9 550
式中:Wnet为系统输出轴功,kW;M为膨胀机输出扭矩,N·m;n为膨胀机转速,r/min。
系统热效率ηnet的计算表达式为[20]
ηnet=WnetQ˙eva×103
以上计算中所需要的焓值、密度等工质参数,由ORC系统热力计算中常用的辅助软件Refprop9.0计算得出[23-24]
膨胀机机械效率的计算公式[25]为:
ηexp=Wnetm˙0(hexp,inhexp,out)
式中:ηnet为涡旋膨胀机的机械效率,%;hexp,in为涡旋膨胀机进口的比焓,kJ/kg;hexp,out为涡旋膨胀机在出口的比焓,kJ/kg。
膨胀机等熵效率的计算公式为:
ηexp,iso=hexp,inhexp,outhexp,inhexp,out,iso
式中:hexp,out,iso为涡旋膨胀机在等熵做功时出口的比焓,kJ/kg。
为研究负载电阻与热源温度对ORC系统的协同作用,本研究开展了如表3所示的20组实验。通过调节电热锅炉,使热源温度分别维持在75、80、85、90、95 ℃,并在每组温度下,通过调节电子负载分析仪,使电阻分别维持在50、100、150、200 Ω。其他主要实验条件,如冷源温度、冷热源流量、环境温度、工质行程等,在每组实验中均保持不变。为保证实验数据采集在平稳阶段,每组实验在系统温度稳定后进行30 min以上,每组实验整体需1.0~1.5 h,取最后10 min的平均数据进行分析。
负载电阻及热源温度对于ORC系统性能的影响将从系统输出轴功、系统热效率2个方面进行评估与分析。图3展示了不同热源温度与负载电阻下平均输出轴功的变化。由图3可见,系统的输出轴功与热源温度及负载电阻的大小有关,在不同热源温度下系统可以输出最大轴功的负载电阻不同。热源温度75 ℃时,系统输出轴功随着负载电阻的增加而增加,从50 Ω时的394 W提高到200 Ω时的532 W,提高了35%。热源温度95 ℃时,随着负载电阻的增加先增大后减小,最高在100 Ω左右,膨胀机的输出轴功达722 W。同时,可以看出在不同电阻下,热源温度变化引起的轴功增量不同。例如在50~200 Ω,随着负载电阻的增加,由温度引起的系统输出轴功增量越来越小。在图3上表现为,50 Ω时输出轴功之间的间距较大,而200 Ω时输出轴功之间的间距较小。
系统输出轴功与膨胀机扭矩和转速有关(式(3)),图4为不同热源温度与负载电阻下,系统输出轴功与转速、扭矩的变化关系。
图4可见,在单一电阻情况下,随着热源温度的增加,膨胀机的转速与扭矩均呈增大趋势。负载电阻为50 Ω时,当热源温度从75 ℃提高到95 ℃,转速从700 r/min提高到1 000 r/min,扭矩从5.25 N·m提高到6.75 N·m。在单一热源温度下,膨胀机转速随着负载电阻的增加而增加,但扭矩随着负载电阻的增加而减小。热源温度为75 ℃情况下,随着负载电阻从50 Ω提高到200 Ω,转速从729 r/min提高到了1 563 r/min,而扭矩从5.25 N·m降低到3.75 N·m。
图5进一步展示了不同温度与负载电阻下系统的平均热效率,其与系统轴功变化类似。由图5可以看出:随着热源温度的增加,系统热效率呈增加的趋势;系统热效率随着负载电阻增加呈先增加后减小的趋势;系统热效率最高的负载电阻会随热源温度发生变化。当负载电阻为50 Ω时,随着热源温度75 ℃增加到95 ℃,系统热效率也随之增加,从1.35%增加到2.15%。在热源温度为95 ℃时,系统平均热效率随负载电阻的增加呈先增加后减少趋势。在负载电阻100 Ω时,系统热效率的最大值出现为2.30%。当热源温度在75 ℃时,系统热效率在150 Ω左右最高,而当热源温度在95 ℃时,系统热效率在100 Ω左右最高。
为得到负载电阻与热源温度对系统输出轴功与系统热效率的影响原因,进一步分析了不同负载电阻与热源温度下的膨胀机进出口温度压力参数变化、膨胀机机械效率变化、蒸发器换热参数变化与系统流量变化,结果如图6图10所示。
图6可以看出,负载电阻变化对膨胀机进出口温度变化影响较小,但对膨胀机进出口压力变化影响较大(尤其是进口)。在热源温度95 ℃时,当负载电阻从50 Ω提高到200 Ω,膨胀机的进口温度基本维持在92 ℃左右,但膨胀机进口压力从0.75 MPa降至0.55 MPa左右。可见,负载电阻越小,膨胀机进口压力越大,这与文献[8]实验结果一致。推测这是因为电阻越小,发电机通过电流越大,其运行所需要的扭矩就越大,为推动膨胀机运行,膨胀机进口需要维持的压力就越大。
膨胀机进口的压力会影响膨胀机机械效率,图7展示了不同温度与负载电阻下膨胀机机械效率变化。由图7显示,当热源温度较低时,膨胀机机械效率往往高于其在热源温度较高的时候。在电阻100~200 Ω下热源温度为75 ℃时的膨胀机机械效率明显高于其在热源温度为95 ℃,并且热源温度75 ℃下、负载电阻150 Ω时,膨胀机机械效率最大,达到64.21%。热源温度为95 ℃时,膨胀机机械效率相对较低,基本保持在45%左右。推测其原因为膨胀机进口的压力较高会增大膨胀机的泄漏损失和欠膨胀损失[26],导致进口压力越高膨胀机机械效率越低。同时,膨胀机机械效率随负载电阻变化仅在75 ℃与80 ℃时较为明显。在热源温度75、80 ℃,负载电阻50~150 Ω时,膨胀机效率随着负载电阻增加呈先增加后减少。在热源温度80 ℃时,负载电阻100 Ω时膨胀机效率最高能达到62.42%。而热源温度在相对高温段(85~95 ℃)时,膨胀机效率变化随着温度的升高变化不明显。推测这是因为负载电阻的变化引起了膨胀机进口压力变化,又引起了系统流量变化,而过高的系统流量也会引起欠膨胀问题[27]
图8展示了不同温度与负载电阻下系统质量流量的变化。由图8可以看出,在工质泵行程固定的情况下,尽管系统的质量流量波动较大,但是基本与系统转速变化相关。
如当热源温度为75 ℃时,随着负载电阻50 Ω增加到200 Ω,系统的质量流量范围从0.08 kg/s左右增加到0.10 kg/s左右。这是由于系统的转速越大,通过膨胀机的工质体积流量越大。当膨胀机的进口密度变化较小时,膨胀机转速提高将提高系统的质量流量,这与图4a)相符,即大负载电阻下膨胀机转速增加。
图9展示了不同温度与负载电阻下蒸发器吸热量变化。由于负载电阻变化改变了膨胀机的进口压力、转速,即改变了蒸发压力与系统流量,从而影响蒸发器运行。由于冷源温度固定,在所有热源温度下,蒸发器的热输入量都随负载电阻的增加而增加。当热源温度为75 ℃时,随电阻从50 Ω提高到200 Ω,系统吸热量从20 kW附近提高到24 kW附近。同时,更高的热源温度也会提高蒸发器的热输入量。例如当负载电阻为50 Ω时,随着热源温度从75 ℃提高到95 ℃,系统吸热量从20 kW附近提高到了28 kW附近。而吸热量的提高间接影响了系统的轴功输出与系统热效率。
图10展示了不同温度与负载电阻下膨胀机等熵效率变化。由图10可以看出,温度与负载大小的变化对膨胀机等熵效率的影响均不是十分明显。在温度75~95 ℃负载电阻50~200 Ω区间,膨胀机等熵效率的变化区间为51.50%~57.50%。相比电阻变化,温度变化对于膨胀机等熵效率的影响更大。单一热源温度下,负载电阻对膨胀机的等熵效率影响并不明显。例如,在热源温度为95 ℃时,随着负载电阻从50 Ω提高到200 Ω,膨胀机的等熵效率从57.00%提高到了57.69%。但是在单一负载电阻情况下,随着热源温度从80 ℃提高到95 ℃,膨胀机的等熵效率呈现出随之增大的趋势。例如,在负载电阻为100 Ω时,膨胀机的等熵效率从54.50%提高到了57.50%。
综合以上分析可以发现,负载电阻对系统的净输出功与热效率影响大小与热源温度有关。当ORC系统的净输出功与热效率为主要评价指标时,必须要关注系统负载与热源温度的匹配。负载与ORC系统性能的耦合关系较为复杂,负载既会直接影响系统的输出转速与扭矩,改变系统的输出功率,又会改变系统运行的热力参数与流量。这些影响还与热源温度变化出现叠加效应,并最终导致系统的净输出功率与热效率变化。如不能有效预测负载影响,可能会对系统设备造成损坏。例如小负载下,蒸发压力提高,可能会导致蒸发器超压。为优化ORC系统设计与运行,还需要进一步量化研究的负载影响,以预测其对系统流量和热力参数的影响,如将负载的大小变化与系统压力损失变化建立直观联系。
本文通过实验研究了负载电阻和热源温度协同作用下对ORC性能的影响。搭建了小型ORC系统实验台,探索分析了热源20 kW级工质R245fa下,4种负载电阻及5种热源温度组合下对于ORC系统输出轴功与系统热效率的影响,并结合热力学方法对实验结果进行了分析讨论。
1)ORC系统需匹配热源温度与负载以获得最大输出功与热效率。在不同热源温度下,随着负载电阻的增大,系统的输出轴功与热效率均呈现了先增大后减小的趋势;同时,使系统达到最大输出轴功与热效率的负载电阻不同。故为提高ORC系统性能,必须有效匹配热源温度与负载。
2)负载电阻与ORC系统的耦合关系较为复杂,匹配负载时需综合评判其对整个ORC系统的影响。负载电阻的大小不仅可以直接影响膨胀机的运行参数(如扭矩与转速),还可以间接影响系统的热力参数(如蒸发压力)与质量流量。当负载电阻与热源温度同时出现变化时,还会产生协同作用导致系统吸热量、膨胀机机械效率与膨胀机等熵效率出现复杂变化。故在匹配负载时,还需综合评判负载变化对系统中关键设备的影响。
本研究结果可为某些ORC系统的设备选型提供依据和指导,但负载与ORC系统性能的耦合关系仍需全面研究。
  • 山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0423)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
HU S Z, YANG Z, LI J, et al. A review of multi-objective optimization in organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system design[J]. Energies, 2021, 14: 6492.
[2]
CAO J Y, ZHENG L, ZHENG Z Y, et al. Recent progress in organic Rankine cycle targeting utilisation of ultra-low-temperature heat towards carbon neutrality[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2023, 231: 120903.
[3]
YU Z T, FENG C Y, BIAN F Y, et al. Investigation and optimization of a two-stage cascade ORC system for medium and low-grade waste heat recovery using liquefied natural gas cold energy[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2022, 135: 97-112.
[4]
石磊, 赵亚珑, 彭斌. 基于小型ORC涡旋膨胀机变工况特性研究及实验验证[J]. 热力发电, 2024, 53(1): 115-123.
SHI Lei, ZHAO Yalong, PENG Bin. Based on the study of variable operating conditions and experimental verification of a small-scale ORC with a scroll expander[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024, 53(1): 115-123.
[5]
NEMATOLLAHI O, ABADI G B, KIM D Y, et al. Experimental study of the effect of brazed compact metal-foam evaporator in an organic Rankine cycle performance: toward a compact ORC[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2018, 173: 37-45.
[6]
马新灵, 王聪, 石文琪, 等. ORC系统蒸发器夹点温差的数值分析和实验研究[J]. 郑州大学学报(工学版) , 2023, 44(1): 65-69.
MA Xinling, WANG Cong, SHI Wenqi, et al. Numerical analysis and experimental investigation of the evaporator PPTD in ORC system[J]. Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science), 2023, 44(1): 65-69.
[7]
余海彬. 有机朗肯循环封闭式膨胀机内置发电机冷却问题研究[D]. 北京: 北京工业大学, 2022: 1.
YU Haibin. Investigations on internal generator exhaust cooling for hermetic expanders in organic Rankine cycles[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Technology, 2022: 1.
[8]
吴俐俊, 梁星原, 韦增志, 等. 高炉冲渣水有机朗肯循环波纹板式冷凝器传热特性[J]. 同济大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 49(12): 1778-1788.
WU Lijun, LIANG Xingyuan, WEI Zengzhi, et al. Heat transfer characteristics corrugated plate condenser in organic Rankine cycle for blast furnace slag flushing water [J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2021, 49(12): 1778-1788.
[9]
JIN Y L, GAO N P, ZHU T. Effect of resistive load characteristics on the performance of organic Rankine cycle (ORC)[J]. Energy, 2022, 246: 123407.
[10]
曹泷, 张鸣, 刘秀龙, 等. 波动热源下ORC发电系统的动态运行特性[J]. 热能动力工程, 2018, 33(3): 30-36.
CAO Long, ZHANG Ming, LIU Xiulong, et al. Dynamic operating characteristics of organic Rankine cycle under unsteady heat source[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2018, 33(3): 30-36.
[11]
汤磊, 王羽平, 杨平, 等. 低温热能有机物朗肯循环发电系统的最佳负载特性实验研究[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2014, 48(9): 1268-1273.
TANG Lei, WANG Yuping, YANG Ping, et al. Experimental study of optimal load characteristics of low temperature heat organic Ranine cycle power generation[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2014, 48(9): 1268-1273.
[12]
HOU X C, ZHANG H G, XU Y H, et al. External load resistance effect on the free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system[J]. Appl Energy, 2018, 212: 1252-61.
[13]
CAO S, XU J L, MIAO Z, et al. Steady and transient operation of an organic Rankine cycle power system[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019, 133: 284-294.
[14]
赵腾龙, 张红光, 侯孝臣, 等. 外接负载对ORC余热回收系统中自由活塞膨胀机-直线发电机的性能影响研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2020, 41(7): 237-243.
ZHAO Tenglong, ZHANG Hongguang, HOU Xiaochen, et al. External load resistance effect on free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2020, 41(7): 237-243.
[15]
BADESCU V, ABOALTABOOQ M H K, POP H, et al. Design and operational procedures for ORC-based systems coupled with internal combustion engines driving electrical generators at full and partial load[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 139: 206-221.
[16]
ZHU J, CHEN Z W, HUANG H L, et al. Effect of resistive load on the performance of an organic Rankine cycle with a scroll expander[J]. Energy, 2016, 95: 21-28.
[17]
SIMON E, GUOHONG T, JOHN C. A review of scroll expander geometries and their performance[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 141: 1020-1034.
[18]
赵晓文, 苏俊林. 板式换热器的研究现状及进展[J]. 冶金能源, 2011, 30(1): 52-55.
ZHAO Xiaowen, SU Junlin. Research status and development of the plate heat exchangers[J]. Energy for Metallurgical Industry, 2011, 30(1): 52-55.
[19]
戴菲菲, 周永光, 汤根法, 等. 电动隔膜泵性能优化与试验研究[J]. 科学技术创新, 2022, 22: 172-175.
DAI Feifei, ZHOU Yongguang, TANG Genfa, et al. Performance optimization and experimental study of electric diaphragm pump[J]. Scientific and Technological Innovation, 2022, 22: 172-175.
[20]
QIU K, THOMAS M, DOUGLAS M. Investigation of a scroll expander driven by compressed air and its potential applications to ORC[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 135: 109-115.
[21]
WOODLAND B J, BRAUN J E, GROLL E A, et al. Experimental testing of an organic Rankine cycle with scroll-type expander[C]. International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference. 2012.
[22]
JANG Y, LEE J. Comprehensive assessment of the impact of operating parameters on sub 1 kW compact ORC performance [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2019, 182: 369-82.
[23]
刘兴华, 朱俊达, 孙欢, 等. 蒸发温度对低温冷能回收ORC发电系统特性的影响[J]. 保鲜与加工, 2023, 23(2): 15-22.
LIU Xinghua, ZHU Junda, SUN Huan, et al. Effect of evaporation temperature on characteristic of low temperature cold energy recovery ORC power generation system[J]. Storage and Process, 2023, 23(2): 15-22.
[24]
NEMATOLLAHIO, NILI-AHMADABADI M, KIM K C. The influence of cubic real-gas equations of state in the supersonic regime of dense gases[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2020, 34(4): 1581-1589.
[25]
潘辉辉. 有机朗肯循环稳态及动态性能的实验研究[D]. 湘潭: 湘潭大学, 2022: 1.
PAN Huihui. Experimental study on dynamic and steady state performance of organic Rankine cycle[D]. Xiangtan: Xiangtan University, 2022: 1.
[26]
DECLAYE S, QUOILIN S, GUILLAUME L, et al. Experimental study on an open drive scroll expander integrated into an ORC (organic Rankine cycle) system with R245fa as working fluid[J]. Energy, 2013, 55: 173-183.
[27]
李垒, 陶乐仁, 申玲, 等. 有机朗肯循环用涡旋膨胀机的改进与实验研究[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(5): 1642-1648.
LI Lei, TAO Leren, SHEN Ling, et al. Improvement and experimental research on the performance of scroll expander using organic Rankine cycle (ORC)[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(5): 1642-1648.
2025年第54卷第2期
PDF下载
103
47
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157
  • 接收时间:2024-06-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-14
基金
Shandong Province Science and Technology-based Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Innovation Capacity Enhancement Project(2023TSGC0423)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0423)
作者信息
    1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院,山东 青岛 266520
    2.临沂智慧新能源科技有限公司,山东 临沂 276002

通讯作者:

沙浩瀚(1993),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为智慧能源、智慧建筑、余热利用技术,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406157
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏