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Article(id=1236688420416844148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236688419800281460, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202406156, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718726400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772779095986, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772779095986, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772779095986, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772779095986, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236688419800281460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='160', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772779095840, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772779471840, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236689996908909285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236688419800281460, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236689996908909286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236688419800281460, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=118, endPage=125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236688420651725175, articleId=1236688420416844148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation of combustion adjustment of a W-flame boiler at low loads, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When operating at low loads, W-flame boilers may encounter various problems, such as low reheated steam temperature, which requires combustion adjustments and other measures. To solve these problems, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the combustion adjustment of a W-flame boiler under low load conditions. In order to deal with the low steam temperature at low loads, the influence of the position of the recycled flue gas injection and the presence of wall-attached air on the velocity field and temperature field inside the furnace were analyzed. The research results show that introducing recycled flue gas into the furnace by extracting 16% of the total flue gas flow at the air preheater inlet increases the amount of flue gas and improves the convective heat transfer on the heating surfaces. Combined with adjusting the opening of the reheater flue gas baffle, this approach can solve the problem of low reheated steam temperature at low loads. Injecting recycled flue gas from the SOFA air nozzle into the furnace has a minimal impact on the temperature in the primary combustion zone, which benefits the stability of coal combustion at low loads. Introducing 40% of the recycled flue gas as wall-attached air from the side walls of the lower furnace can lower the temperature of the side wall flue gas and transform it into an oxidizing atmosphere, reducing the possibility of side wall coking and high-temperature corrosion.

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针对W火焰锅炉在低负荷运行时再热汽温不达标问题，对某台W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整进行了数值模拟研究。从空气预热器（空预器）进口抽取总烟气量的16%作为再循环烟气引入炉膛，增大烟气量，提高对流受热面的换热量，数值模拟分析了再循环烟气喷入位置和有无贴壁风对炉内速度场和温度场的影响规律。研究结果表明：再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口喷入炉膛，对下炉膛主燃区的温度影响较小，有利于低负荷时煤粉燃烧的稳定性；将40%再循环烟气作为贴壁风从下炉膛的侧墙送入炉膛能够降低侧墙烟气温度，同时把侧墙烟气变成氧化性气氛，降低侧墙结焦和高温腐蚀的可能性。

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郭子岗（1984），男，工程师，主要研究方向为能源利用与环境保护，。

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郭子岗（1984），男，工程师，主要研究方向为能源利用与环境保护，。

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郭子岗（1984），男，工程师，主要研究方向为能源利用与环境保护，。

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Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(9): 58-64., articleTitle=Influence of flue gas recirculation on operation characteristics of large scale CFB boiler under low load, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688438825644070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=8, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［19］, rfOrder=27, authorNames=张秀昌, 刘一, 叶恩清, journalName=电站系统工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张秀昌, 刘一, 叶恩清, 等. 烟气再循环对二次再热锅炉参数影响试验研究[J]. 电站系统工程, 2023, 39(5): 8-11., articleTitle=烟气再循环对二次再热锅炉参数影响试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440276873258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=39, issue=5, pageStart=8, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［19］, rfOrder=28, authorNames=ZHANG Xiuchang, LIU Yi, YE Enqing, journalName=Power System Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Xiuchang, LIU Yi, YE Enqing, et al. Experimental study on the effect of FGR on double reheat boiler parameters[J]. Power System Engineering, 2023, 39(5): 8-11., articleTitle=Experimental study on the effect of FGR on double reheat boiler parameters, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440381730863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=210, pageEnd=214, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［20］, rfOrder=29, authorNames=毕克刚, 蔡玲, 毕永江, journalName=能源与环保, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毕克刚, 蔡玲, 毕永江, 等. 锅炉烟气再循环调节再热汽温特性方法研究[J]. 能源与环保, 2023, 45(1): 210-214., articleTitle=锅炉烟气再循环调节再热汽温特性方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236688440507559988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=45, issue=1, pageStart=210, pageEnd=214, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［20］, rfOrder=30, authorNames=BI Kegang, CAI Ling, BI Yongjiang, journalName=China Energy and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BI Kegang, CAI Ling, BI Yongjiang, et al. Study on method of boiler flue gas recirculation regulating reheat steam temperature[J]. China Energy and Environmental Protection, 2023, 45(1): 210-214., articleTitle=Study on method of boiler flue gas recirculation regulating reheat steam temperature, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236688435675722653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, awardId=2023-CX-TD-18, language=EN, fundingSource=Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-CX-TD-18), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236688435767997347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, awardId=2023-CX-TD-18, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2023-CX-TD-18), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236688425324179943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236688425332568552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, 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ArticleFig(id=1236688434023166831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=CN, label=图15, caption=炉膛出口烟气平均温度对比, figureFileSmall=VOcMECu/JbOd6AKgNDqa4w==, figureFileBig=vJSAHSCRNC4cGohIn+uEnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236688434107052917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Proximate and ultimate analyses of the designed coal

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目设计煤种
工业分析war(M)/%6.21
war(A)/%29.41
war(V)/%8.71
war(FC)/%55.67
元素分析war(C)/%54.92
war(H)/%2.26
war(O)/%2.18
war(N)/%0.96
war(S)/%4.06
收到基低位发热量Qnet,ar/(MJ·kg–1)21.39
), ArticleFig(id=1236688435126268795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

设计煤种工业分析和元素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目设计煤种
工业分析war(M)/%6.21
war(A)/%29.41
war(V)/%8.71
war(FC)/%55.67
元素分析war(C)/%54.92
war(H)/%2.26
war(O)/%2.18
war(N)/%0.96
war(S)/%4.06
收到基低位发热量Qnet,ar/(MJ·kg–1)21.39
), ArticleFig(id=1236688435260486529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Main operational parameters of the boiler

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
浓一次风风率/%15
浓一次风风速/(m·s–1)27
淡一次风风率/%3
淡一次风风速/(m·s–1)10
一次风温度/℃330
拱上二次风风率/%37
拱上二次风风速/(m·s–1)45
F风风率/%20
F风风速/(m·s–1)45
SOFA风风率/%25
SOFA风风速/(m·s–1)45
二次风/SOFA风温度/℃347
过量空气系数1.2
空气量（标况下）/(m3·s–1)501.2
燃料量/(t·h–1)259.8
), ArticleFig(id=1236688435356955527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

锅炉主要运行参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
浓一次风风率/%15
浓一次风风速/(m·s–1)27
淡一次风风率/%3
淡一次风风速/(m·s–1)10
一次风温度/℃330
拱上二次风风率/%37
拱上二次风风速/(m·s–1)45
F风风率/%20
F风风速/(m·s–1)45
SOFA风风率/%25
SOFA风风速/(m·s–1)45
二次风/SOFA风温度/℃347
过量空气系数1.2
空气量（标况下）/(m3·s–1)501.2
燃料量/(t·h–1)259.8
), ArticleFig(id=1236688435445035919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Different operating conditions of recirculated flue gas wind rates under 330 MW load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SOFA风位置
送入		F风位置
送入		二次风位置
送入
浓一次风风率12.912.912.9
淡一次风风率2.62.62.6
拱上二次风风率31.931.940.1
F风风率17.325.517.3
SOFA风风率29.821.621.6
贴壁风风率5.55.55.5
), ArticleFig(id=1236688435545699223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236688420416844148, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

330 MW负荷下再循环烟气不同工况风率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SOFA风位置
送入		F风位置
送入		二次风位置
送入
浓一次风风率12.912.912.9
淡一次风风率2.62.62.6
拱上二次风风率31.931.940.1
F风风率17.325.517.3
SOFA风风率29.821.621.6
贴壁风风率5.55.55.5
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W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整数值模拟研究
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郭子岗 1 , 刘帆 2 , 吴帅帅 3 , 张海龙 3 , 张纯 3 , 杨玉 3 , 张一帆 3
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025,54(2): 118-125
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025, 54(2): 118-125
W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整数值模拟研究
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郭子岗1 , 刘帆2, 吴帅帅3, 张海龙3, 张纯3, 杨玉3, 张一帆3
作者信息
  • 1.陕西榆林能源集团榆神煤电有限公司，陕西　榆林　719000
  • 2.华能八〇三热电有限公司，甘肃　兰州　732850
  • 3.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054

    • 郭子岗（1984），男，工程师，主要研究方向为能源利用与环境保护，。

Numerical simulation of combustion adjustment of a W-flame boiler at low loads
Zigang GUO1 , Fan LIU2, Shuaishuai WU3, Hailong ZHANG3, Chun ZHANG3, Yu YANG3, Yifan ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shaanxi Yulin Energy Group, Yushen Coal and Electricity Co., Ltd., Yulin 719000, China
  • 2.Huaneng 803 Thermal Power Generation Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 732850, China
  • 3.Xi’an Thermal Engineering Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406156
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摘要
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针对W火焰锅炉在低负荷运行时再热汽温不达标问题，对某台W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整进行了数值模拟研究。从空气预热器（空预器）进口抽取总烟气量的16%作为再循环烟气引入炉膛，增大烟气量，提高对流受热面的换热量，数值模拟分析了再循环烟气喷入位置和有无贴壁风对炉内速度场和温度场的影响规律。研究结果表明：再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口喷入炉膛，对下炉膛主燃区的温度影响较小，有利于低负荷时煤粉燃烧的稳定性；将40%再循环烟气作为贴壁风从下炉膛的侧墙送入炉膛能够降低侧墙烟气温度，同时把侧墙烟气变成氧化性气氛，降低侧墙结焦和高温腐蚀的可能性。

W火焰锅炉  /  低负荷  /  燃烧  /  再热汽温

When operating at low loads, W-flame boilers may encounter various problems, such as low reheated steam temperature, which requires combustion adjustments and other measures. To solve these problems, numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the combustion adjustment of a W-flame boiler under low load conditions. In order to deal with the low steam temperature at low loads, the influence of the position of the recycled flue gas injection and the presence of wall-attached air on the velocity field and temperature field inside the furnace were analyzed. The research results show that introducing recycled flue gas into the furnace by extracting 16% of the total flue gas flow at the air preheater inlet increases the amount of flue gas and improves the convective heat transfer on the heating surfaces. Combined with adjusting the opening of the reheater flue gas baffle, this approach can solve the problem of low reheated steam temperature at low loads. Injecting recycled flue gas from the SOFA air nozzle into the furnace has a minimal impact on the temperature in the primary combustion zone, which benefits the stability of coal combustion at low loads. Introducing 40% of the recycled flue gas as wall-attached air from the side walls of the lower furnace can lower the temperature of the side wall flue gas and transform it into an oxidizing atmosphere, reducing the possibility of side wall coking and high-temperature corrosion.

W-flame boiler  /  low load  /  combustion  /  reheat vapor
郭子岗, 刘帆, 吴帅帅, 张海龙, 张纯, 杨玉, 张一帆. W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整数值模拟研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (2) : 118 -125 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406156
Zigang GUO, Fan LIU, Shuaishuai WU, Hailong ZHANG, Chun ZHANG, Yu YANG, Yifan ZHANG. Numerical simulation of combustion adjustment of a W-flame boiler at low loads[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (2) : 118 -125 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406156
正文
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随着我国电力结构中新能源占比的逐步增加，传统火电机组的角色已从“基础负荷”转变成“调峰负荷”，火电机组低负荷运行成为常态。由于火电机组一般是按照其在额定负荷下运行而设计的，当机组在低负荷运行时，不仅机组的经济性变差，而且还会引发汽轮机末级叶片湿度大等问题[1]。
W火焰燃煤机组具有燃烧距离长、燃烧温度高、回流组织好等特点，在燃烧低阶煤方面具有显著优势[2]。我国无烟煤、贫煤储量大，目前我国在运和在建的W火焰燃煤机组约为100台，总装机容量约为45 000 MW[3]。Li等人[4-8]对W火焰锅炉内的气固两相流场、温度场、污染物排放等方面开展了大量的研究工作，提出了可实现W火焰锅炉在35%负荷下稳燃的技术。Wang等人[9]研究了W火焰锅炉垂直水冷壁在低质量流率下的热敏感性。吕当振等[10]研究了W火焰锅炉垂直水冷壁壁温分布特性，并提出了控制壁温偏差的燃烧调整方法。Ma等人[11]提出了一种分级分箱配风方法实现低阶煤在W火焰锅炉中的高效环保燃烧。
W火焰锅炉在低负荷运行时存在再热汽温偏低的问题[12-13]，严重影响机组的经济性。为解决这个问题，王兴等[14-15]通过受热面改造，重新分配各受热面吸热比例，解决再热汽温偏低问题。另外，可采用的方法还包括燃烧调整等手段[15-17]。受热面改造方法工作量大、工期长、成本高，且原有的锅炉结构不一定有足够的空间来布置受热面。燃烧调整手段不改变原有受热面结构，相对容易实施，是汽温调节的常用手段。其中，烟气再循环方法通过抽取一部分尾部烟气送回炉膛参与燃烧过程，能够改变辐射受热面和对流受热面的吸热比例[1,18-20]，是解决W火焰锅炉低负荷再热汽温偏低的简便易行的方案。但是目前针对W火焰锅炉烟气再循环对炉内流场和温度场的研究还比较少。
鉴于此，本文针对某台W火焰锅炉在低负荷时的烟气再循环燃烧调整进行了数值模拟研究，分析了再循环烟气的送入位置和有无贴壁风对炉内温度场、靠近侧墙壁面流场等的影响规律，最终推荐了解决W火焰锅炉再热汽温偏低的再循环烟气实施方案。
1　研究方法
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1.1　研究对象
本文研究的W火焰锅炉结构如图1所示。锅炉为亚临界600 MW、中间一次再热的自然循环锅炉，双拱形单炉膛，W型火焰燃烧方式，尾部双烟道结构，采用挡板调节再热汽温。炉膛分为上下两部分，总高度为50.07 m，上炉膛尺寸为34.48 m×9.91 m×30.30 m（宽×深×高），下炉膛尺寸为34.48 m×16.01 m×19.77 m（宽×深×高）。整个炉膛四周为全焊膜式水冷壁。下炉膛呈双拱形，在其水冷壁上及炉拱附近敷设卫燃带。全炉膛采用36只高低速燃烧器，前后炉拱上分别错列布置18只，每个燃烧器配有2个浓煤粉喷口和1个淡煤粉喷口（图2），喷口与竖直方向的夹角约为10°。二次风分为拱上和拱下2部分：拱上二次风喷口有36个，喷口截面为矩形，拱上二次风垂直向下喷入炉膛；拱下二次风称为F风，约占总二次风量的35%以上，经下炉膛前后墙的喷口下倾30°喷入炉膛。SOFA风位置布置在上炉膛的前后墙，SOFA风口水平布置，可做上下30°摆动。为了防止侧墙的高温腐蚀，在下炉膛的设置了贴壁风喷口，贴壁风来自部分再循环烟气。
锅炉采用双进双出钢球磨煤机冷一次风正压直吹式制粉系统，设计燃煤为无烟煤，煤质分析见表1。满负荷600 MW燃用设计煤种时，投运6台磨煤机，设计煤粉细度R90=7%；低负荷330 MW燃用设计煤种时，投运5台磨煤机。表2为W火焰锅炉的主要运行参数。一次风、拱上二次风、F风和SOFA风的比率分别为18%、37%、20%和25%。拱上二次风风速为45 m/s，具有足够的刚性，避免与一次风过早混合，还可增加煤粉气流在下炉膛的行程。F风的风速也为45 m/s，可保证其下射刚性以提高煤粉气流下行，增加下炉膛空间利用率，同时延长煤粉气流在下炉膛的形成，创造足够的还原区，为全炉膛空气分级控制NOx生成创造条件。表3为330 MW负荷下再循环烟气不同工况风率。
该W火焰锅炉在500 MW以上负荷再热蒸汽温度随机组负荷的变化如图3所示。由图3可知，锅炉在500 MW以上负荷再热汽温度基本能达到541 ℃，在330 MW负荷下仅仅能达到520 ℃左右。为了解决该W火焰锅炉在低负荷再热汽温不达标的问题，本文拟从空预器入口抽取烟气总量16%作为再循环烟气送回炉膛，从而提高对流受热面的换热量，再配合再热器烟气挡板开度的调节，以期实现再热蒸汽温度达标。再循环烟气可以从二次风喷口、F风喷口和SOFA风喷口送入炉膛，为了确定最佳的方案，本文将对上述3个方案开展数值模拟研究。同时，为了防止两侧墙的结焦和高温腐蚀，将再循环烟气的40%作为贴壁风从两侧墙送入。
1.2　模拟方法
采用商业软件Fluent对炉内湍流、颗粒运动和煤粉燃烧过程进行数值模拟。在进行工况变化研究之前进行了网格无关性检验：炉膛的网格数量分别为0.7×106、1.4×106、2.1×106和2.5×106。结果表明，当网格数量超过2.1×106时，炉膛出口温度温度已不再发生显著变化，因此本文的模拟中采用的网格数量约为2.1×106，锅炉模型和网格如图4所示。
湍流流动用realisable k-ε模型模拟，采用Lagrangian方法模拟固体颗粒的运动。炉膛内的主要传热形式为辐射，因此采用DO模型计算辐射传热。煤粉燃烧过程可分为以下两部分。
1）挥发分从煤粉颗粒中析出，然后以气态形式燃烧。挥发分的析出过程用被广泛使用的两步竞争模型计算，两步竞争模型假设挥发分的析出速率取决于2个竞争的反应，一个在低温时占主导地位，一个在高温时占主导地位。挥发分的均相燃烧假设化学反应速率无限大，只要混合就燃烧。瞬时的组分质量分数用瞬时混合物的组分表示，单个组分的质量分数由平均混合组分和组分变量决定。化学反应和湍流之间的相互作用用PDF模型考虑。
2）残留的焦炭颗粒进行非均相氧化过程。反应过程用Field模型计算，其中反应速率取决于化学动力学速率和外部氧气扩散到焦炭表面的速率。
图5为满负荷时的炉内温度分布情况。由图5可知，炉膛出口烟气温度约为1 300 K，与设计值1 367 K相差不大，因此可认为数值模型是可靠的。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　再循环烟气从SOFA风位置送入
图6为机组330 MW负荷下，再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口送入炉膛时有无贴壁风时的炉内温度对比，图中SOFA为无贴壁风工况，SOFA+T为有贴壁风工况。从图6可知，有贴壁风的引入，下炉膛烟气温度约下降了373 K，但出口烟气温度略有343 K的上升，可能与煤粉颗粒燃烧有一定的推迟有关。
图7展示了再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口引入炉膛，以及在此基础上将40%的再循环烟气作为贴壁风引入炉膛共2个工况下的炉内近壁面速度场分布情况。在无贴壁风时，下炉膛上部区域在靠近侧墙区域的烟气流速较高，约为10 m/s，主要为煤粉燃烧产物，由于下炉膛属于还原性气氛，该区域容易导致高温腐蚀。增加贴壁风后，下炉膛上部区域明显为贴壁风射流，将该区域烟气气氛变为氧化性气氛，从而降低高温腐蚀的可能性。
图8为再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口引入炉膛，以及在此基础上将40%的再循环烟气作为贴壁风引入炉膛共2个工况下的炉内温度场分布情况。缩口下方2 m位置属于燃烧核心区域，该标高位置烟气温度最高，随着高度的增加，炉内烟气温度逐渐降低。再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口引入炉膛，使得SOFA风风速增加，和上行烟气的混合扰动强度增强，SOFA风风率增加，有更多的未燃尽碳在燃尽区燃烧，无贴壁风时，炉膛内存在2个靠近侧墙的高温区域，这也是导致侧墙高温腐蚀的原因之一，这种温度分布可能与投运的磨煤机数量有关。有贴壁风时，炉膛高温区域集中在炉膛中心区域，两侧墙的温度因贴壁风的存在而较低，进一步降低了侧墙高温腐蚀的可能性。
2.2　再循环烟气从F风位置送入
图9为再循环烟气从F风喷入炉膛时有无贴壁风时炉内温度沿标高的分布情况，图中F为无贴壁风工况，F+T为有贴壁风工况。
从图9可以看出：下炉膛最高温度约为1 540 K，低于再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口送入炉膛时的1 640 K，较低的主燃区温度不利于火焰的稳定性；还可以看出，有无贴壁风对炉内横截面平均温度的温度影响相对较小，因为侧墙贴壁风喷口与F风喷口都位于下炉膛，标高接近，送入的再循环烟气对炉内整体温度水平的影响较小。
图10为再循环烟气从F风位置送入炉膛时靠近侧墙的烟气流速分布。从图10a)可以看出，由于再循环烟气从F风喷口送入，增加了下炉膛的速度，使得下炉膛的近壁面烟气流速较高，且下炉膛除了冷灰斗区域的近壁面流速都达到了8 m/s以上，近壁面高烟气流速区域远大于图7a)中的情况，燃烧后的还原性气氛冲刷侧墙强烈，增加了侧墙高温腐蚀的风险。将40%的贴壁风从侧墙喷口送入炉膛，一方面确保了侧墙附近的氧化性气氛，另一方面减少了主燃区的风量，降低了主燃区还原性气氛对侧墙的冲刷能力。
图11为再循环烟气从F风喷口送入炉膛后的炉内温度分布情况。无贴壁风时，再循环烟气与F风一起参与煤粉燃烧过程，炉内温度分布较为均匀，且温度值显著低于再循环风送入SOFA风喷口工况的温度值；当有贴壁风时，炉膛内贴墙位置温度降低，不如炉膛中心位置燃烧充分，所以炉膛高温区域集中在炉膛中心，可以保证煤粉着火的稳定性，两侧墙的烟气温度较低，且属于氧化性气氛，可以减缓侧墙高温腐蚀和结焦的发生。
2.3　再循环烟气从二次风位置送入
图12为再循环烟气从二次风喷口送入炉膛时有无贴壁风时的炉内温度沿标高的分布情况，图中S为无贴壁风工况，S+T为有贴壁风工况。从图12可以看出，下炉膛最高温度约为1 555 K，略高于从F风位置送入的工况，低于从SOFA风喷口送入的工况。有贴壁风时，下炉膛横截面平均温度降低，主要原因是主燃区过量空气系数降低，燃烧不充分所致。但是在上炉膛，随着烟气混合和燃烧的充分进行，有无贴壁风的炉膛出口温度趋于一致。
图13为再循环烟气从二次风位置送入炉膛时靠近侧墙的烟气流速分布。从图13a)可以看出，再循环烟气从二次风喷口位置送入使得侧墙附近烟气流速达到20 m/s左右，大于再循环烟气从SOFA风和F风送入炉膛的工况，表明还原性烟气对缩口上下的侧墙有比较强烈的冲刷。同样地，引入贴壁风能够降低还原性烟气对侧墙的冲刷，图7b)、图10b)和图13b)中的侧墙附近流速分布规律相似。
图14为再循环烟气从二次风喷口送入炉膛后的炉内温度分布情况。无贴壁风时，再循环烟气与二次风一起参与煤粉燃烧过程，主燃区燃烧比较充分，烟气平均温度相对较高，但是低于再循环烟气从SOFA风送入的工况。引入贴壁风后，侧墙的烟气温度降低，主燃区由于燃烧不充分，烟气温度略低于无贴壁风的工况。
2.4　方案比选
图15为50%负荷下炉膛出口烟气平均温度的对比。引入贴壁风后，炉膛出口温度会提升50~60 ℃，主要是因为贴壁风从侧墙喷口喷入后，下炉膛主燃区过量空气系数相对降低，下炉膛燃烧不充分。未燃尽的可燃物进入上炉膛与SOFA风混合后继续燃烧，从而导致上炉膛温度升高。炉膛出口烟气温度的升高，能够增加对流受热面的传热量，有利于解决低负荷时再热汽温不达标的问题。与此同时增加贴壁风能够解决还原性气氛对侧墙的冲刷，减缓锅炉侧墙高温腐蚀的问题，因此应选择增加贴壁风。
再循环烟气从F风喷口和二次风喷口送入炉膛，一方面会降低下炉膛主燃区的温度，不利于低负荷稳燃，另一方面会降低下炉膛高温火焰位置，对于下炉膛水冷壁的安全性有一定影响。因此将再循环烟气从上炉膛的SOFA风喷口送入炉膛是更好的选择。
综上所述，采用SOFA+T的再循环烟气引入方式是该W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整比较好的方案。
3　结论
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本文对某台W火焰锅炉低负荷燃烧调整进行了数值模拟研究，针对低负荷时再热蒸汽温度不达标问题，分析了再循环烟气喷入位置和有无贴壁风对炉内速度场和温度场的影响规律，给出了合理的低负荷燃烧调整方案，主要结论如下。
1）从空预器进口抽取总烟气量的16%作为再循环烟气的引入炉膛，在增加对流受热面换热量的同时，也提高了炉膛近壁面处的烟气流速，还原性烟气对近壁面处有比较强烈的冲刷。
2）再循环烟气从SOFA风喷口喷入炉膛，对下炉膛主燃区的温度影响较小，有利于低负荷时煤粉燃烧的稳定性；再循环烟气从F风或二次风喷口送入炉膛会降低下炉膛主燃区的温度，不利于煤粉气流的着火与燃烧。
3）将40%的再循环烟气作为贴壁风从下炉膛侧墙送入炉膛能够降低侧墙烟气温度，同时把侧墙烟气变成氧化性气氛，降低侧墙结焦和高温腐蚀的可能性。
基金
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  • 陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2023-CX-TD-18)
文献
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2025年第54卷第2期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202406156
  • 接收时间：2024-06-19
  • 首发时间：2026-03-06
  • 出版时间：2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-06-19
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Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi Province(2023-CX-TD-18)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2023-CX-TD-18)
作者信息
    1.陕西榆林能源集团榆神煤电有限公司，陕西　榆林　719000
    2.华能八〇三热电有限公司，甘肃　兰州　732850
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202406156
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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