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A novel power generation system integrating an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) with an air-cooled coal-fired power plant is proposed to achieve cascaded utilization of steam energy and enhance output power capability. Based on the efficient thermoelectric conversion characteristics of the ORC system at low and medium temperatures, the steam expanding to a certain level in the coal-fired unit is extracted to drive the ORC system for higher output power. This coupling scheme can achieve the multiple purposes of increasing output power, recovering exhaust steam waste heat and preventing air cooler icing in winter. Focusing on a 600 MW coal-fired power plant, thermodynamic performance evaluation has been carried out. The results show that, when the extraction flow rate is 160 kg/s, the thermal efficiency of the system at 50% THA, 75% THA and 100% THA loads increases by 3.48, 1.72 and 1.08 percentage points, respectively. The exergy efficiency increases by 3.38, 1.68 and 1.05 percentage points, and the coal consumption rate decreases by 27.72, 12.88 and 7.92 g/(kW·h), respectively. The heat recovery rate reaches 64.57%, 25.64% and 15.40%, respectively. This approach not only improves the performance of existing air-cooled coal-fired power plants, but also reduces coal consumption, and the research results can provide a way to improve the overall performance of power plants.
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为实现蒸汽能量的梯级利用,提高蒸汽发电能力,提出了一种集成有机朗肯循环系统与风冷式燃煤发电系统的新型发电系统。该系统基于有机朗肯循环系统在中低温阶段的热电高效转换特性,抽取燃煤机组中膨胀到一定程度的蒸汽驱动有机朗肯循环系统进一步提高输出功率。该耦合方案可以实现燃煤电厂提高输出功率、回收排汽余热和在冬季防止空冷器结冰的多重目的。针对某600 MW燃煤电厂进行了热力学性能分析,结果显示,当抽汽流量为160 kg/s时,系统在50%THA、75%THA和100%THA负荷下的热效率分别提高了3.48百分点、1.72百分点和1.08百分点,㶲效率分别提高了3.38百分点、1.68百分点和1.05百分点,煤耗率分别降低了27.72、12.88、7.92 g/(kW·h),余热回收率达到64.57%、25.64%和15.40%。该方案不仅提升了现有风冷式燃煤电厂的性能,而且降低了煤耗,研究成果为提高电厂整体性能提供了新的思路。
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Flow chart of the new coupled power generation system, figureFileSmall=bVWTYs7rMP1fNLRloGWVwA==, figureFileBig=3u4GYs656VhwpCCrAxqgzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611795725636570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
新耦合发电系统流程, figureFileSmall=bVWTYs7rMP1fNLRloGWVwA==, figureFileBig=3u4GYs656VhwpCCrAxqgzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611795981489129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic diagrams of closed heater and open heater, figureFileSmall=IYfmXhRTG8rLlvvv+ArNeQ==, figureFileBig=iGY+rQTALs4SnJn+3IgifA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796065375214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
疏水流放式回热器和汇集式回热器原理, figureFileSmall=IYfmXhRTG8rLlvvv+ArNeQ==, figureFileBig=iGY+rQTALs4SnJn+3IgifA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796220564473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Effects of different organic working fluids on output performance of the integrated system, figureFileSmall=vxLBgoLm+YzpKRVj8ha0KQ==, figureFileBig=D+BwCKopdxd6T5MAT0G/Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796430278656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
不同有机工质对集成系统性能输出的影响, figureFileSmall=vxLBgoLm+YzpKRVj8ha0KQ==, figureFileBig=D+BwCKopdxd6T5MAT0G/Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796518359045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Variations of output power with the driving steam flow rate, figureFileSmall=4kbny4Wg2rBf8XK7JVI1gQ==, figureFileBig=8EzP/KC94prb2+cZE1gHVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796606439437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
输出功率随驱动蒸汽流量的变化, figureFileSmall=4kbny4Wg2rBf8XK7JVI1gQ==, figureFileBig=8EzP/KC94prb2+cZE1gHVQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796740657170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Variations of the standard coal consumption rate with the driving steam flow rate, figureFileSmall=4Dw+r2/tSwIkXVsOAckY5Q==, figureFileBig=ngv9OTjsXjjeHfFGoA+3bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796904235035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
标准发电煤耗率随驱动蒸汽流量的变化, figureFileSmall=4Dw+r2/tSwIkXVsOAckY5Q==, figureFileBig=ngv9OTjsXjjeHfFGoA+3bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611796979732514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Variations of waste heat recovery rate with the driving steam flow rate, figureFileSmall=20OfKe+xarTPnsiFCSAVfQ==, figureFileBig=OPR+20upBQInVgEH9B73Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797076201517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
余热回收率随驱动蒸汽流量的变化, figureFileSmall=20OfKe+xarTPnsiFCSAVfQ==, figureFileBig=OPR+20upBQInVgEH9B73Vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797185253425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Variations of thermal efficiency with the driving steam flow rate, figureFileSmall=G6ieRUNQqcPbYj6OJAETMg==, figureFileBig=lffJgzmZOK4hZ5vgR8Cm/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797298499638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
热效率随驱动蒸汽流量的变化, figureFileSmall=G6ieRUNQqcPbYj6OJAETMg==, figureFileBig=lffJgzmZOK4hZ5vgR8Cm/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797407551547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Exergy flow of the original and new coupled power generation system, figureFileSmall=4aY5USzQevZK80SW3NwSnw==, figureFileBig=o3MNE1+ONqzLGc0O4U+JtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797516603459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
原系统和新发电系统的㶲流, figureFileSmall=4aY5USzQevZK80SW3NwSnw==, figureFileBig=o3MNE1+ONqzLGc0O4U+JtQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797608878151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Distribution of exergy loss of the subsystems, figureFileSmall=wheH3W7rLBT0zGK0tVrNVw==, figureFileBig=NOCcVGqNo17LMhuQnQlouw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797696958543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
子系统㶲损失分布, figureFileSmall=wheH3W7rLBT0zGK0tVrNVw==, figureFileBig=NOCcVGqNo17LMhuQnQlouw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797801816147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Distribution of exergy loss of the ORC system, figureFileSmall=pYZyfRbWonP8MIB5Yw+ILw==, figureFileBig=NYpnEGCS6SJAl9GZyE56gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797873119318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
ORC系统㶲损失分布, figureFileSmall=pYZyfRbWonP8MIB5Yw+ILw==, figureFileBig=NYpnEGCS6SJAl9GZyE56gw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611797948616796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Variations of exergy loss with the driving steam flow rate, figureFileSmall=8jcdYPvdNimTrHorxz2ZTA==, figureFileBig=iN9pQMwOWx+joAYqvn/4Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611798053474405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
㶲损失随驱动蒸汽流量的变化, figureFileSmall=8jcdYPvdNimTrHorxz2ZTA==, figureFileBig=iN9pQMwOWx+joAYqvn/4Hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611798196080744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Variations of exergy efficiency with the driving steam flow rate, figureFileSmall=YlI6VAd+fzpk/GVDXeH0dQ==, figureFileBig=248B+zS+RLC9/yANMCiJdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611798321909864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
㶲效率随驱动蒸汽流量的变化, figureFileSmall=YlI6VAd+fzpk/GVDXeH0dQ==, figureFileBig=248B+zS+RLC9/yANMCiJdQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611798456127601, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Basic design parameters of the system
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 数值 | 项目 | 数值 |
|---|
| 环境压力/kPa | 101 | 汽轮机排汽压力/kPa | 15 |
| 环境温度/℃ | -5 | ORC排汽压力/kPa | 109 |
| 锅炉效率/% | 93 | 标准煤低位热值/(kJ·kg–1) | 29 308 |
| 主蒸汽温度/℃ | 538 | 涡轮机等熵效率/% | 85 |
| 主蒸汽压力/kPa | 16 670 | 工质泵等熵效率/% | 80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611798556790901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
基本设计参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 数值 | 项目 | 数值 |
|---|
| 环境压力/kPa | 101 | 汽轮机排汽压力/kPa | 15 |
| 环境温度/℃ | -5 | ORC排汽压力/kPa | 109 |
| 锅炉效率/% | 93 | 标准煤低位热值/(kJ·kg–1) | 29 308 |
| 主蒸汽温度/℃ | 538 | 涡轮机等熵效率/% | 85 |
| 主蒸汽压力/kPa | 16 670 | 工质泵等熵效率/% | 80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611798657454201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Model validation of the coal-fired power plant
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 设计值 | 计算值 | 相对误差/% |
|---|
| 主蒸汽温度/℃ | 538.00 | 538.00 | 0 |
| 主蒸汽压力/kPa | 16 670 | 16 670 | 0 |
| 再热蒸汽温度/℃ | 508.55 | 508.55 | 0 |
| 再热蒸汽压力/kPa | 3 320 | 3 320 | 0 |
| 高压缸排汽流量/(kg·s–1) | 429.60 | 435.32 | 1.33 |
| 中压缸排汽流量/(kg·s–1) | 388.65 | 399.97 | 2.91 |
| 低压缸排汽流量/(kg·s–1) | 339.20 | 338.84 | 0.11 |
| 输出功率/MW | 600.00 | 600.40 | 0.07 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611798795866240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
燃煤电厂模型验证
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 设计值 | 计算值 | 相对误差/% |
|---|
| 主蒸汽温度/℃ | 538.00 | 538.00 | 0 |
| 主蒸汽压力/kPa | 16 670 | 16 670 | 0 |
| 再热蒸汽温度/℃ | 508.55 | 508.55 | 0 |
| 再热蒸汽压力/kPa | 3 320 | 3 320 | 0 |
| 高压缸排汽流量/(kg·s–1) | 429.60 | 435.32 | 1.33 |
| 中压缸排汽流量/(kg·s–1) | 388.65 | 399.97 | 2.91 |
| 低压缸排汽流量/(kg·s–1) | 339.20 | 338.84 | 0.11 |
| 输出功率/MW | 600.00 | 600.40 | 0.07 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611798917501061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Model validation of the ORC system model
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 文献[16]值 | 计算值 | 相对误差/% |
|---|
| 蒸发器负荷/kW | 6 668.50 | 6 668.50 | 0 |
| 输出㶲/kW | 1 492.62 | 1 492.62 | 0 |
| 泵耗功/ kW | 58.00 | 58.41 | 0.71 |
| 净输出功/kW | 1 054.40 | 1 056.66 | 0.21 |
| 热效率/% | 15.81 | 15.85 | 0.25 |
| 㶲效率/% | 70.64 | 70.80 | 0.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611799030747274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
ORC模型验证
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 文献[16]值 | 计算值 | 相对误差/% |
|---|
| 蒸发器负荷/kW | 6 668.50 | 6 668.50 | 0 |
| 输出㶲/kW | 1 492.62 | 1 492.62 | 0 |
| 泵耗功/ kW | 58.00 | 58.41 | 0.71 |
| 净输出功/kW | 1 054.40 | 1 056.66 | 0.21 |
| 热效率/% | 15.81 | 15.85 | 0.25 |
| 㶲效率/% | 70.64 | 70.80 | 0.23 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611799114633358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Properties of the organic working mediums
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 有机流体 | 临界温度/℃ | 临界压力/MPa | ODP | GWP |
|---|
| R600 | 151.98 | 3.80 | 0 | 20 |
| R245fa | 154.00 | 3.65 | 0 | 950 |
| R141b | 204.20 | 4.25 | 0.086 | 700 |
| R601 | 196.55 | 3.37 | 0 | 20 |
| R123 | 183.70 | 3.66 | 0.012 | 120 |
| R365mfc | 186.90 | 3.20 | 0 | 8 060 |
| Heptane | 267.00 | 2.74 | 0 | 0 |
| Cyclohexane | 280.45 | 4.08 | 0 | 0 |
| MDM | 290.90 | 1.42 | | |
| Hexane | 234.70 | 3.03 | 0 | 0 |
| Octane | 296.05 | 2.50 | | |
| R1233zd(E) | 165.60 | 3.57 | 0 | 1 |
| R1224yd(Z) | 155.50 | 3.33 | 0 | 1 |
| R1234ze(Z) | 150.1 | 3.53 | 0 | 1 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611799198519444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611788435935761, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
有机工质的性质
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 有机流体 | 临界温度/℃ | 临界压力/MPa | ODP | GWP |
|---|
| R600 | 151.98 | 3.80 | 0 | 20 |
| R245fa | 154.00 | 3.65 | 0 | 950 |
| R141b | 204.20 | 4.25 | 0.086 | 700 |
| R601 | 196.55 | 3.37 | 0 | 20 |
| R123 | 183.70 | 3.66 | 0.012 | 120 |
| R365mfc | 186.90 | 3.20 | 0 | 8 060 |
| Heptane | 267.00 | 2.74 | 0 | 0 |
| Cyclohexane | 280.45 | 4.08 | 0 | 0 |
| MDM | 290.90 | 1.42 | | |
| Hexane | 234.70 | 3.03 | 0 | 0 |
| Octane | 296.05 | 2.50 | | |
| R1233zd(E) | 165.60 | 3.57 | 0 | 1 |
| R1224yd(Z) | 155.50 | 3.33 | 0 | 1 |
| R1234ze(Z) | 150.1 | 3.53 | 0 | 1 |
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