Article(id=1236611787823567355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236611783876727231, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202409212, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1738080000000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772760825352, onlineDateStr=2026-03-06, pubDate=1753372800000, pubDateStr=2025-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772760825352, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-06, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772760825352, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772760825352, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236611783876727231, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='159', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1772760824412, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772761154835, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236613169855123924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236611783876727231, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236613169855123925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236611783876727231, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=81, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236611788360438285, articleId=1236611787823567355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Characterization of circulating material distribution in 660 MW CFB boiler, columnId=1236611784820445633, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on “ultra supercritical circulating fluidized bed power generation technology”, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) numerical simulation method, the study takes the 660 MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler in Pingshuo, Shanxi as the research object. A full-loop model of the furnace is established and numerically simulated. On the basis of the parameters of the actual furnace, the material distribution characteristics of six cyclone separators are investigated. By altering the ratio of primary to secondary air, the uniformity of primary air, and the uniformity of secondary air, the effect of operational parameter changes on the gas-solid flow field within the furnace and the material distribution at the cyclone separator inlets is analyzed. The results indicate that the distribution characteristics of particles within the furnace lead to a distribution feature of particle mass flow rate at the cyclone separator inlets, which is “high on both sides and low in the middle”. When the total air volume is constant, a larger ratio of primary to secondary air can reduce the deviation in particle mass flow rate at the cyclone separator inlets. The uniformity of air distribution for both primary and secondary air in the furnace also affects the particle mass flow rate distribution at the cyclone separator inlets. The deviations in particle mass flow rate at the inlets of the six cyclone separators reach their minimum when the wind speed deviation at the middle air distribution plate is 10% and the deviation in the middle secondary air volume is 5%, respectively.

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基于计算颗粒流体力学数值模拟方法,以山西平朔超临界660 MW CFB锅炉为研究对象,建立炉膛全回路模型并进行数值模拟,以实际炉膛中的参数为基础,研究6个旋风分离器的物料分配特性,并通过改变一、二次风配比,一次风均匀性和二次风均匀性,分析运行参数变化对炉内气固流场以及旋风分离器入口物料分配的影响。结果表明:炉内颗粒的分布特性导致旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量呈“两边高、中间低”的分配特点;总风量一定时,较大的一、二次风配比可减小旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量的偏差;炉膛一、二次风的布风均匀性也会对旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量分配产生影响,6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差分别在中间布风板的风速偏差为10%时和中间二次风量的偏差为5%时达到最小。

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刘海玉(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为煤的高效清洁燃烧技术,
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姚力(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为高效燃煤发电技术和机组深度调峰,

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姚力(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为高效燃煤发电技术和机组深度调峰,

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姚力(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为高效燃煤发电技术和机组深度调峰,

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journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Main structural parameters of the boiler

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项目数值项目数值
炉膛深度31 410布风板宽度4 053
炉膛宽度16 470分离器直径8 500
炉膛高度55 000中心筒直径3 849
), ArticleFig(id=1236611801736073483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

锅炉主要结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
炉膛深度31 410布风板宽度4 053
炉膛宽度16 470分离器直径8 500
炉膛高度55 000中心筒直径3 849
), ArticleFig(id=1236611801807376653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Wind speeds in different areas of the air distribution panel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W2、W5区域风速偏差UW1UW2UW3UW4UW5UW6
–20%3.852.803.853.852.803.85
–10%3.683.153.683.683.203.68
03.503.503.503.503.503.50
10%3.333.853.333.333.853.33
20%3.154.203.153.154.903.15
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布风板不同区域的风速

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
W2、W5区域风速偏差UW1UW2UW3UW4UW5UW6
–20%3.852.803.853.852.803.85
–10%3.683.153.683.683.203.68
03.503.503.503.503.503.50
10%3.333.853.333.333.853.33
20%3.154.203.153.154.903.15
), ArticleFig(id=1236611802088395029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Numbers of intermediate and secondary air outlets and the air volume percentages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置数量中间中间二次风风量占比/%
上二次风口外侧16425
内侧10220
下二次风口外侧12425
前后墙40
), ArticleFig(id=1236611802180669722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中间二次风口数量及风量占比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位置数量中间中间二次风风量占比/%
上二次风口外侧16425
内侧10220
下二次风口外侧12425
前后墙40
), ArticleFig(id=1236611802289721633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Air volume distributions of secondary air outlets at different locations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中间二次风量偏差外侧
上二次风
内侧
上二次风
下二次风
中间两侧中间两侧中间两侧
–10%11.7366.477.8270.3823.46132.93
–5%15.6462.5611.7366.4731.28125.11
019.6458.6515.6462.5639.10117.29
5%23.4654.7419.5558.6546.92109.47
10%27.3750.8323.4654.7454.74101.65
), ArticleFig(id=1236611802411356454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611787823567355, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同位置二次风口的风量分配

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
中间二次风量偏差外侧
上二次风
内侧
上二次风
下二次风
中间两侧中间两侧中间两侧
–10%11.7366.477.8270.3823.46132.93
–5%15.6462.5611.7366.4731.28125.11
019.6458.6515.6462.5639.10117.29
5%23.4654.7419.5558.6546.92109.47
10%27.3750.8323.4654.7454.74101.65
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超临界660 MW CFB锅炉循环物料分配特性研究
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姚力 1 , 谢玉婷 2 , 葛铭 1 , 刘海玉 2 , 姜恒 2 , 于辉 2 , 金燕 2
热力发电 | “超超临界循环流化床发电技术”专题 2025,54(7): 71-81
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热力发电 | “超超临界循环流化床发电技术”专题 2025, 54(7): 71-81
超临界660 MW CFB锅炉循环物料分配特性研究
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姚力1 , 谢玉婷2, 葛铭1, 刘海玉2 , 姜恒2, 于辉2, 金燕2
作者信息
  • 1.国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,江苏 南京 210023
  • 2.太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院,山西 太原 030024
  • 姚力(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为高效燃煤发电技术和机组深度调峰,

通讯作者:

刘海玉(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为煤的高效清洁燃烧技术,
Characterization of circulating material distribution in 660 MW CFB boiler
Li YAO1 , Yuting XIE2, Ming GE1, Haiyu LIU2 , Heng JIANG2, Hui YU2, Yan JIN2
Affiliations
  • 1.China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210023, China
  • 2.College of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
出版时间: 2025-07-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409212
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基于计算颗粒流体力学数值模拟方法,以山西平朔超临界660 MW CFB锅炉为研究对象,建立炉膛全回路模型并进行数值模拟,以实际炉膛中的参数为基础,研究6个旋风分离器的物料分配特性,并通过改变一、二次风配比,一次风均匀性和二次风均匀性,分析运行参数变化对炉内气固流场以及旋风分离器入口物料分配的影响。结果表明:炉内颗粒的分布特性导致旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量呈“两边高、中间低”的分配特点;总风量一定时,较大的一、二次风配比可减小旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量的偏差;炉膛一、二次风的布风均匀性也会对旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量分配产生影响,6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差分别在中间布风板的风速偏差为10%时和中间二次风量的偏差为5%时达到最小。

CFB  /  CPFD  /  运行参数  /  旋风分离器  /  物料分配

Based on the computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) numerical simulation method, the study takes the 660 MW supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler in Pingshuo, Shanxi as the research object. A full-loop model of the furnace is established and numerically simulated. On the basis of the parameters of the actual furnace, the material distribution characteristics of six cyclone separators are investigated. By altering the ratio of primary to secondary air, the uniformity of primary air, and the uniformity of secondary air, the effect of operational parameter changes on the gas-solid flow field within the furnace and the material distribution at the cyclone separator inlets is analyzed. The results indicate that the distribution characteristics of particles within the furnace lead to a distribution feature of particle mass flow rate at the cyclone separator inlets, which is “high on both sides and low in the middle”. When the total air volume is constant, a larger ratio of primary to secondary air can reduce the deviation in particle mass flow rate at the cyclone separator inlets. The uniformity of air distribution for both primary and secondary air in the furnace also affects the particle mass flow rate distribution at the cyclone separator inlets. The deviations in particle mass flow rate at the inlets of the six cyclone separators reach their minimum when the wind speed deviation at the middle air distribution plate is 10% and the deviation in the middle secondary air volume is 5%, respectively.

CFB  /  CPFD  /  operating parameters  /  cyclone separator  /  material distribution
姚力, 谢玉婷, 葛铭, 刘海玉, 姜恒, 于辉, 金燕. 超临界660 MW CFB锅炉循环物料分配特性研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (7) : 71 -81 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409212
Li YAO, Yuting XIE, Ming GE, Haiyu LIU, Heng JIANG, Hui YU, Yan JIN. Characterization of circulating material distribution in 660 MW CFB boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (7) : 71 -81 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409212
CFB是一种洁净煤燃烧技术,具有适应劣质煤燃烧和较低成本污染控制的优点[1]。我国CFB锅炉技术发展迅速,2013年和2020年分别投运了世界首台600 MW和超临界660 MW CFB锅炉,目前已有48台超临界350 MW CFB锅炉投入商业运行[2],在超超临界CFB锅炉的研发和设计方面也已经展开大量工作[3-6]。随着CFB锅炉朝着超超临界参数的发展,锅炉的结构,旋风分离器的数量、尺寸和布置方式也不断变化[7]。当多个旋风分离器并联布置时,其入口气固流量不一致,出现偏流现象,影响炉内传热和安全[8-9]。许多学者对多个旋风分离器并联CFB锅炉进行实验和数值模拟研究,发现同侧并联的旋风分离器入口流体流量分布均匀,而固体颗粒流量呈现中间低、两边高的分布特点[10-14]。文献[15-16]对6个旋风分离器CFB锅炉进行数值模拟,发现炉膛出口气固流量均为中间大于两边;王小芳等[17]对六回路环形炉膛CFB进行试验研究,发现六回路没有明显的“两边高、中间低”或者“两边低、中间高”的分布规律。多个旋风分离器并联布置时,其入口的物料分配特性不仅与旋风分离器的结构相关[18],运行参数的调整也会影响炉内的气固流场,从而影响旋风分离器入口的气固流量[19-21]。因此,本文基于计算颗粒流体力学(CPFD)数值模拟方法,以山西平朔超临界660 MW CFB锅炉为研究对象,建立炉膛全回路模型并进行数值模拟,以实际炉膛中的参数为基础,研究6个旋风分离器的物料分配特性,并通过改变一、二次风配比,一次风均匀性和二次风均匀性等,分析了运行参数变化对炉内气固流场以及旋风分离器入口物料分配的影响。
山西平朔超临界660 MW CFB锅炉整体为单炉膛、双布风板结构,6个旋风分离器为“H”型布置,每个旋风分离器下各布置1个“U”阀回料器,锅炉的主要结构参数见表1。根据实际锅炉模型,采用1:1的比例对炉膛、旋风分离器、回料器和外置床进行3D几何建模,具体如图1所示。6个旋风分离器为中心对称布置方式,具体如图2所示。炉内左右两侧均布置有10片屏式过热器,为中心对称布置方式。锅炉共布置有42个二次风口,上二次风口离布风板6.25 m,下二次风口离布风板2.50 m。
采用笛卡尔网格法[22]对模型进行网格划分,经网格无关性验证后,发现合理的网格数量为200万。基于CPFD理论,采用欧拉-拉格朗日模型,连续的流体相用Navier-Stokes方程来描述,离散的颗粒相则用MP-PIC方法来计算[23]。采用同时拥有直接模拟和雷诺平均法的大涡模拟(large eddy simulaion,LES)湍流模型,用Navier-Stokes方程直接求解比网格尺度大的大涡,建立模型来求解比网格尺度小的小涡对大涡的影响[24-25]。使用Wen-Yu/Ergun曳力模型[25]实现在浓度差异比较大的系统中的曳力计算,得到相对可靠的结果。
炉膛温度恒定为890 ℃[2,20-21],一次风量为858.5 km3/h(标准状态下),一、二次风配比为5.0:5.0。本文在数值模拟中,炉内为恒温,不涉及煤的燃烧,因此初始状态下在布风板上填充的床料颗粒为循环灰,循环灰由山西平朔电厂取样,循环灰的粒径为0~2.0 mm,d50=0.2 mm,密度为2 400 kg/m3,炉内初始循环灰床料高度设定为1.8 m,初始颗粒体积分数为0.6,数值模拟的时间步长设置为0.005 s。
图3为炉膛各旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量随时间变化的曲线。由图3可知,40 s后颗粒质量流量开始在稳定值附近波动,表明数值模拟在40 s达到稳定状态。考虑到旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量的波动性,设定模拟时间为70 s,对旋风分离器入口流量取40~70 s的平均值进行讨论。
锅炉的压力分布与炉内流场分布状态相关,良好的压力分布是锅炉稳定运行的必要条件。图4为模拟得到的炉内绝对压力分布,将模拟得到的炉内压力与实际100%负荷下炉膛内部压力进行对比,偏差均小于5%,模拟炉内压降与实际接近,验证了模型的准确性,表明模拟结果具有一定的可靠性,数值模拟能够反映实际运行中炉内的气固两相流动。
旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量的不均匀分配导致稳定运行时回料器内颗粒的堆积高度不同,回料器的压力也存在偏差。由于炉膛结构对称,取实际运行时右侧A、B、C旋风分离器所对应的回料器压力进行分析。图5为2023年3月28日至2023年4月2日实际运行时回料器绝对压力随负荷变化曲线,可以明显看出,在稳定运行时B旋风分离器的回料器压力低于A、C旋风分离器的回料器。根据回料器压力的大小,可以推测出中间旋风分离器的入口颗粒质量流量小于两边旋风分离器的入口颗粒质量流量。
将旋风分离器入口的气固流量进行归一化处理,旋风分离器入口气固流量分配如图6所示。由图6可见,6个旋风分离器入口气体流量分配均匀,平均气体流量为115.6 kg/s,中间2个旋风分离器的气体流量略大,与平均值的最大偏差仅为3.20%。6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量整体呈现“两边高、中间低”的分配特性,这与实际运行时回料器压力的规律相符。旋风分离器入口平均颗粒质量流量为1 010.2 kg/s,D旋风分离器颗粒质量流量最大,为1 149.7 kg/s,B旋风分离器颗粒质量流量最小,为836.8 kg/s。6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量总量为6 061.4 kg/s,给煤量为428 t/h,模拟得到额定负荷下的循环倍率为50.98。A、C、D、F旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量为1 071.7 kg/s,B、E旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量为887.4 kg/s,两者相差184.3 kg/s。造成该现象的原因是,炉内壁面附近颗粒浓度较大,中心颗粒浓度较小,6个旋风分离器的入口位置不同,炉膛4个角的旋风分离器所对应的炉膛壁面面积更大,能够进入4个角的旋风分离器的颗粒数量更多。由于旋风分离器入口位置和炉内两侧的屏式过热器均为中心对称布置方式,两侧结构相同,因此炉膛左右两侧旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量相差较小。
由于在炉内气固两相流动存在多样性和非线性,即使是位置对称的旋风分离器,入口的颗粒质量流量也存在较大的偏差,因此采用不同的偏差定义方式对同一工况旋风分离器入口气固流量的偏差进行表征。
ϕ1为6个旋风分离器中气固流量的最大值与最小值之差与平均值的比值:
ϕ1=max[Qi]min[Qi]Q¯
ϕ2为炉膛4个角的旋风分离器平均气固流量和中间2个旋风分离器气固流量平均值的差与6个旋风分离器平均气固流量的比值:
ϕ2=|QA,C,D,F¯QB,E¯|Q¯
ϕ3为6个旋风分离器气固流量与平均气固流量差的绝对值与平均气固流量的比值的最大值:
ϕ3=max[|QiQ¯|Q¯]
ϕ4为6个旋风分离器气固流量与平均气固流量差的绝对值与平均气固流量的比值的平均值,如:
ϕ4=16i=AF[|QiQ¯|Q¯]
式中:Q¯为6个旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量,kg/s;Qii旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量,i=A、B、C、D、E、F;QA,C,D,F¯为A、C、D、F旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量,QB,E¯为B、E旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量。计算得到额定负荷下,旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差分别为ϕ1=29.95%、ϕ2=16.76%、ϕ3=15.84%、ϕ4=7.54%。
全模型的压力回路,如图7所示。由图7可见:p1—p7为炉膛内部压力;p8—p10为旋风分离器压力;p11—p12为回料器压力。6个旋风分离器回路的压力如图8所示。由图8可见,各旋风分离器回路的整体压力分布相似,都呈斜“8”字分布。由于6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量存在偏差,回料器处颗粒的堆积高度不同,颗粒堆积越多,压力越高,导致各旋风分离器回路的最高压力不同,B、E旋风分离器的回料器压力小于A、C、D、F旋风分离器。旋风分离器压降也呈现两边大、中间小的分布,E旋风分离器压降最小,为1 109.63 Pa,D旋风分离器压降最大,为1 212.29 Pa,6个旋风分离器的平均压降为1 145.63 Pa。这是因为各旋风分离器流体分配均匀,而中间旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量较小,旋风分离器内的压力损失更少,压降更小。
实际运行时,可以通过调整一、二次风配比来改善炉内的燃烧和污染物生成情况。本文在初始一、二次风配比为5.0:5.0的基础上,改变为4.0:6.0、4.5:5.5、5.5:4.5和6.0:4.0,研究一、二次风配比变化对旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量偏差的影响。
不同一、二次风配比下炉内密相区和稀相区颗粒体积分数沿炉膛深度方向的分布,具体如图9所示。在炉内颗粒总量和总风量不变的条件下,一次风量增加会使一次风对颗粒的携带作用增强,二次风量减少会使二次风阻挡作用减弱,在两者的双重影响下使得更多颗粒沿着炉膛高度上升,密相区颗粒体积分数降低而稀相区颗粒体积分数增加;相反,一、二次风配比减小则会使更多颗粒停留在炉膛密相区,而稀相区颗粒减少。随着一、二次风配比增大,炉膛底部密相区颗粒体积分数减小,当一、二次风配比从4.0:6.0增加至6.0:4.0,炉膛密相区高度为3 m时,平均颗粒体积分数从0.035 0降至0.023 0;炉膛上部稀相区颗粒体积分数增加,稀相区高度为40 m时,平均颗粒体积分数从0.002 4增至0.003 8。
旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量和偏差随一、二次风配比的变化如图10所示。不同工况下6个旋风分离器的物料分配均呈现中间低、两边高的特点。由于总风量不变,旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量变化不大,各工况平均颗粒质量流量为987.0 kg/s。随着一、二次风配比增大,旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量之间的偏差逐渐减小。当一、二次风配比从4.0:6.0增至6.0:4.0时,中间旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量从777.0 kg/s增至900.2 kg/s,两边旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量从1 049.2 kg/s减至1 002.2 kg/s。一、二次风配比为6.0:4.0时,4类偏差均较小,分别为21.53%、10.54%、14.95%、6.14%,与一、二次风配比为4.0:6.0相比,4类偏差分别减小了23.65、17.87、11.05、6.49百分点。这可能是因为一次风量增大、二次风量减小减弱了气流的横向流动,竖直向上的气流速度增加,更多颗粒在气流的作用下进入中间旋风分离器。
CFB的布风板阻力对炉内的颗粒分布也有非常重要的影响,布风不均匀可能会使炉膛内颗粒不均匀分布的现象加剧,造成炉内燃烧、传热不均匀,同时也会对炉膛出口的旋风分离器造成显著的影响,加剧6个旋风分离器的偏流现象。按照锅炉的6个循环回路将炉膛的双布风板划分为W1、W2、W3、W4、W5、W6 6个区域(图11),保持总一次风速3.5 m/s不变,处于布风板中间的W2、W5区域的风速分别变化±10%和±20%,研究一次风均匀性对6个旋风分离器偏流的影响,各区域的风速见表2
不同中间区域风速偏差下炉膛密相区和稀相区颗粒体积分数沿炉膛深度方向分布,具体如图12所示。由图12可见:在炉膛密相区高度为3 m时,随着布风板中间的风速增加,炉膛中间的颗粒所受气流曳力增大,颗粒在气流作用下沿炉膛上升,炉膛中间的颗粒体积分数逐渐减小;而炉膛两边由于风速减小,曳力减小,更多颗粒停留在炉膛密相区,导致炉膛两边的颗粒体积分数逐渐增大。当布风板中间区域的风速偏差从−20%增大至20%,中间区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.022 0减至0.013 0,两边区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.029 0增至0.044 0;在炉膛稀相区高度为40 m时,随着布风板中间的风速增加,更多颗粒沿炉膛上升至稀相区,炉膛中间的颗粒体积分数逐渐增大,而炉膛两边由于更多颗粒停留在炉膛密相区,两边的颗粒体积分数逐渐减小。当布风板中间区域的风速偏差从−20%增至20%,中间区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.002 2增至0.003 3,两边区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.004 0减至0.002 1。
旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量和偏差随布风板中间区域风速的变化如图13所示。不同一次风布风下6个旋风分离器入口的物料分配均呈现两边高、中间低的分配特点。随着布风板中间区域风速增加,更多颗粒从炉膛密相区进入稀相区,在气流曳力的作用下进入中间旋风分离器,炉膛两边则相反。因此随着布风板中间区域风速增加,中间旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量增加,两侧旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量减少,旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差也逐渐减小。但过大的布风板中间区域风速会抑制炉内两边颗粒向中间的横向扩散运动,使得中间回路与外侧回路的颗粒质量流量偏差增大,中间旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量减少,两边旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量增加,偏流现象加剧。
在布风板中间风速的偏差为10%时,旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差最小,4类偏差分别为19.70%、10.54%、12.02%、5.36%,与布风板中间风速的偏差为0时相比,4类偏差分别减小了12.76、5.96、5.10、2.76百分点。当布风板中间区域的风速偏差从−20%增至10%,中间旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量从867.8 kg/s增至927.8 kg/s,两边旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量从1 213.5 kg/s减至1 033.0 kg/s,而继续增大布风板中间区域的风速偏差至20%,中间旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量减至897.5 kg/s,两边旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量增至1 040.5 kg/s。同时,随着布风板中间区域风速增加,旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量也逐渐减小,布风板中间区域的风速偏差从−20%增至20%,中间旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量从1 213.5 kg/s减至1 040.5 kg/s,这是因为炉膛两边的颗粒体积分数更大,改变一次风布风均匀性对炉膛两边的影响更大。
由于二次风对炉内的颗粒分布也有重要的影响,因此通过调整中间二次风口的风量可以改变炉内的颗粒分布,可能会影响旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量分配。本文研究的超临界660 MW CFB锅炉的二次风口位置,具体如图14所示,处于炉膛中间位置的二次风口数量和风量占比见表3。炉膛外侧上侧二次风口共16个,处于中间位置的二次风口有4个,中间二次风风量占比为25%,炉膛内侧上侧二次风口共10个,处于中间位置的二次风口有2个,中间二次风风量占比为20%;在炉膛的内侧布置了12个下二次风口,炉膛前后墙布置了4个二次风口,总下二次风口数量为16个,处于中间位置的有4个,中间二次风风量占比为25%。在总二次风量不变、炉膛上二次风口和下二次风口的风量比为5:5、上二次风口中炉膛外侧和内侧的风量分配一致的基础上,分别改变中间二次风风量±5%和±10%,得到不同位置的二次风风量分配,见表4
不同中间二次风量偏差下炉膛密相区和稀相区颗粒体积分数沿炉膛深度方向分布,具体如图15所示。由图15a)可见:在炉膛密相区高度为3 m时,随着中间二次风量的偏差增加,中间二次风量增加,炉膛中间的二次风截断作用增强,部分可以上升的颗粒停留在炉膛密相区,炉膛中间的颗粒体积分数逐渐增加;而炉膛两边由于二次风量减小,截断作用减小,颗粒从炉膛密相区上升至稀相区,导致炉膛两边的颗粒体积分数逐渐减小。当中间二次风量的偏差从−10%增至10%,中间区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.012 0增至0.021 0,两边区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.04 4减至0.003 1。
图15b)可见:在炉膛稀相区高度为40 m时,随着中间二次风量增加,炉膛中间的风速增加,稀相区下部的颗粒被气流携带至稀相区上部,炉膛中间的颗粒体积分数逐渐增大;而炉膛两边由于二次风量减少,气流速度降低,颗粒受到的气流曳力减小,使得炉膛两边的颗粒体积分数逐渐减小。当布风板中间区域的风速偏差从−10%增至10%,中间区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.001 6增至0.003 7,两边区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.004 9减至0.002 4。同时也可以发现,随着中间二次风量增加,颗粒体积分数变化逐渐减小,当布风板中间区域的风速偏差从−10%增至0,中间区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.004 9减小至0.003 1,减小了0.001 8,而风速偏差从0增至10%,中间区域的平均颗粒体积分数从0.003 1减小至0.002 4,减小了0.000 7,其中风速偏差从5%增至10%,仅增加了0.000 2。
旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量和偏差随中间二次风量的变化,具体如图16所示。在不同的中间二次风量偏差下,6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒流量均呈“两边高、中间低”的分配特点。随着中间二次风量的偏差增加,6个旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量变化不大,仅改变二次风的布风均匀性,旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量总量变化不大。这是因为总风量不变,增加中间二次风量,使中间二次风对气流的截断作用增强,促进颗粒的横向运动,炉膛中间的颗粒增多,中间旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量增加,6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差逐渐减小。然而,过多的中间二次风量,会使中间二次风的截断作用增加,使密相区中间的颗粒增多,稀相区中间颗粒减少,进入中间旋风分离器的颗粒质量流量减少,偏流现象加剧。当中间二次风量的偏差从–10%增至5%,中间旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量从848.5 kg/s增至939.0 kg/s,而两边旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量从1 082.9 kg/s减至1 045.8 kg/s;继续增加中间二次风量的偏差至10%,中间旋风分离器入口的平均颗粒质量流量将减至899.9 kg/s,两边旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量则增至1 059.7 kg/s。从图15b)中可以看出,中间二次风量的偏差为5%时,旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差最小, 4类偏差分别为19.52%、10.57%、12.18%、4.70%,相比中间二次风量偏差0的工况,4类偏差分别减小了12.95、5.93、4.94、3.42百分点。
基于CPFD方法,对超临界660 MW CFB锅炉进行数值模拟研究,模拟压力与实际压力的误差小于5%,模拟得到的旋风分离器物料分配情况与实际相符,在此基础上得到了以下结论。
1)“H”型布置的6个旋风分离器入口气体流量分配均匀,炉内颗粒的不均匀分布使得单侧并联的3个旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量中间小于两边,4类偏差分别为29.95%、16.76%、15.84%、7.54%。
2)总风量一定时,较大的一二次风配比可减小旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量的偏差,在一二次风配比为6.0:4.0时,4类偏差分别为21.53%、10.54%、14.95%、6.14%。
3)随着中间布风板的速度增大,旋风分离器入口颗粒流量的偏差先减小后增大,中间布风板的风速偏差为10%时会使6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒质量流量偏差达到最小,四类偏差分别为19.70%、10.54%、12.02%、5.36%。
4)随着中间二次风量增大,旋风分离器入口颗粒质量流量的偏差先减小后增大,中间二次风量的偏差为5%时,6个旋风分离器入口的颗粒流量质量偏差达到最小,4类偏差分别为19.52%、10.57%、12.18%、4.70%。
  • 山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D321075)
  • 中国工程院院地合作项目(2021SX5)
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2025年第54卷第7期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409212
  • 首发时间:2026-03-06
  • 出版时间:2025-07-25
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  • 修回日期:2025-01-29
基金
Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(201903D321075)
山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D321075)
Chinese Academy of Engineering Academia-local Cooperation Project(2021SX5)
中国工程院院地合作项目(2021SX5)
作者信息
    1.国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,江苏 南京 210023
    2.太原理工大学电气与动力工程学院,山西 太原 030024

通讯作者:

刘海玉(1981),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为煤的高效清洁燃烧技术,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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