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In the context of “carbon peak, carbon neutral”, how to utilize biomass fuel safely, efficiently and environmentally friendly has become a hot research issue in the industry. The research progress of biomass fuel fluidized bed combustion technology both domestically and internationally was summarized based on the extensive practical engineering experience in fluidized bed combustion, providing a comprehensive overview of progress in biomass fluidized bed combustion power generation technology from an engineering perspective. The analysis compares the characteristics and problems of biomass boilers, with particular emphasis on the research and application status of biomass utilization in circulating fluidized bed. In addition, the combustion characteristics of biomass fuels, NOx pollutant emission control, chlorine corrosion, and ash deposition and slagging issues caused by alkali metals in fluidized bed combustion were discussed. The reaction mechanisms in each process were described, and the future development directions of related technical issues were forecasted.
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在“碳达峰、碳中和”的大背景下,如何安全高效环保利用生物质燃料成为行业研究的热点问题。结合流化床燃烧工程实际经历,介绍了国内、外生物质燃料燃烧技术现状及研究进展,对国内、外生物质流化床燃烧发电技术的工程应用进展进行了系统总结;对比分析了生物质锅炉的特点及存在问题,重点关注循环流化床(CFB)锅炉燃烧利用生物质的研究、应用现状;最后,分析了生物质燃料流化床燃烧时的燃烧特性、NOx污染物排放控制、氯腐蚀以及碱金属引起的积灰结渣腐蚀问题,探讨了各过程中的反应机理,展望了相关技术问题的未来发展方向。
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, authorsList=赵鹏勃, 刘嘉淼, 王长安, 常刘军, 刘爱平, 时正海, 刘施恩, 车得福)}, authors=[Author(id=1236611787571917753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=252763209@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236611787685163968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, authorId=1236611787571917753, language=EN, stringName=Pengbo ZHAO, firstName=Pengbo, middleName=null, lastName=ZHAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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1.西安交通大学绿色氢电全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
2.西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司,陕西 西安 710054, bio={"content":"
赵鹏勃(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为流化床锅炉技术及烟气污染物排放治理技术,252763209@qq.com。
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赵鹏勃(1980),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为流化床锅炉技术及烟气污染物排放治理技术,252763209@qq.com。
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3.SPIC Jiangxi Electric Power Co., Ltd., Xinyu 338000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236611789383857147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, authorId=1236611789132198892, language=CN, stringName=刘爱平, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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3.国家电投集团江西电力有限公司分宜发电厂,江西 新余 338000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236611787425117106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236611787433505715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, companyId=1236611787425117106, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.Xi’an TPRI Boiler & Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236611789761343504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, authorId=1236611789476130817, language=CN, stringName=时正海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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53(7): 112-118., articleTitle=Expertmental study on combustion and pollutants emission characteristics of coal coupled with biomass in 300 MW CFB boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236611801195016784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=58, authorNames=中能供热新闻网, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中能供热新闻网. 白马电厂: 大型循环流化床多物质耦合燃烧研究[EB/OL]. (2023-12-08) [2025-01-09].
https://news.58heating.com/show-7384.html., articleTitle=白马电厂: 大型循环流化床多物质耦合燃烧研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236611801295680086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=59, authorNames=Zhongneng Heating News, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhongneng Heating News. Baima power plant: large-scale circulating fluidized bed multi-matter coupled combustion research[EB/OL]. (2023-12-08) [2025-01-09].
https://news.58heating.com/show-7384.html., articleTitle=Baima power plant: large-scale circulating fluidized bed multi-matter coupled combustion research, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236611794110837032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, awardId=52176129, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52176129), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236611794328940852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, awardId=52176129, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52176129), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236611787198624679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236611787211207592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, companyId=1236611787198624679, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.西安交通大学绿色氢电全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236611787320259499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236611787337036716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, companyId=1236611787320259499, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236611787425117106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236611787433505715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, companyId=1236611787425117106, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3.国家电投集团江西电力有限公司分宜发电厂,江西 新余 338000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236611791770415237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Classification of biomass fuel combustion technology for power generation, figureFileSmall=ZMCrZN6Q+NRQlMEGU68RZw==, figureFileBig=/hxL5oXZaRbssuWSaqq/5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611791866884238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
生物质燃料燃烧发电技术分类, figureFileSmall=ZMCrZN6Q+NRQlMEGU68RZw==, figureFileBig=/hxL5oXZaRbssuWSaqq/5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792097570971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic diagram of process for power generation via direct biomass combustion, figureFileSmall=IsRdqvzuWcjMSmSysnd84Q==, figureFileBig=YduW5aO/QVIG+7K+sBzlrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792210817186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
生物质燃料直接燃烧发电流程示意, figureFileSmall=IsRdqvzuWcjMSmSysnd84Q==, figureFileBig=YduW5aO/QVIG+7K+sBzlrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792328257708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Schematic diagram of process for power generation via direct co-combustion of biomass fuels and coal, figureFileSmall=ITEbeHLwcO/tc0cPRFrjKA==, figureFileBig=xCB3a9V6JzRVZyamSgQBYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792437309619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
生物质燃料直接混合燃烧发电流程示意, figureFileSmall=ITEbeHLwcO/tc0cPRFrjKA==, figureFileBig=xCB3a9V6JzRVZyamSgQBYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792558944444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Biomass direct-fired coupling system for a 300 MW CFB boiler, figureFileSmall=+wu23rIu0EWFCsXUk6xe6w==, figureFileBig=Kb4aQjlkeXzIPINQ2cNt1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792638636226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
某电厂300 MW CFB锅炉生物质直燃耦合系统, figureFileSmall=+wu23rIu0EWFCsXUk6xe6w==, figureFileBig=Kb4aQjlkeXzIPINQ2cNt1Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792772853963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Schematic diagram of biomass direct combustion coupling system, figureFileSmall=9dhFEzu+8shlC+isrJHHlA==, figureFileBig=uimk7oUjY04XbdFuz5xiGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792890294482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
生物质直燃耦合系统示意, figureFileSmall=9dhFEzu+8shlC+isrJHHlA==, figureFileBig=uimk7oUjY04XbdFuz5xiGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236611792986763481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Types and characteristics of biomass
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 种类 | 来源 | 特点 | 备注 |
|---|
| 木本类林业资源(灰杆) | 树木、木本废弃料(含再生木) | 密度大、易破碎;钾、钠等碱金属含量高;水分高,基本无灰分(质量分数小于5%,下同) | 桉木等氯元素含量高 |
| 草本类农业资源(黄秸秆) | 农作物、农作物秸秆(如玉米秸、麦秸)、农业加工业废弃物(如稻壳) | 密度小,容易缠绕,难破碎,水分高、基本无灰分(小于2%),钾、钠等碱金属含量高 | 高灰、高氯、高钾、高硅、低钙、低铁;秸秆氯元素含量高 |
| 畜禽粪便 | 畜禽的排泄物(粪便、尿和垫草混合物) | 含水率高、挥发分高、臭味大,影响环境 | 水分含量高;烘干处理后热值高,是优质燃料 |
| 城镇污泥 | 含有丰富有机物的城镇生活排水、 工业生产废水、城镇生活污泥 | 高含水率(可达80%以上);污染物含量高;含有较高比例的有机物和氮、磷等元素;易腐败、散发恶臭;不同来源的污泥性质差异较大 | 含有氯等腐蚀性较强的元素 |
| 生活垃圾 | 居民生活垃圾 | 量大面广,有可回收性;易腐烂变质,产生恶臭;如处理不当,易造成污染;成分复杂,处理需要综合考虑减量化、资源化和无害化;地域性和季节性变化会影响生活垃圾的产生量和成分 | 含有汞、铅等重金属或有害物质以及氯等腐蚀性较强的元素 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793091621087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
生物质种类和特点
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 种类 | 来源 | 特点 | 备注 |
|---|
| 木本类林业资源(灰杆) | 树木、木本废弃料(含再生木) | 密度大、易破碎;钾、钠等碱金属含量高;水分高,基本无灰分(质量分数小于5%,下同) | 桉木等氯元素含量高 |
| 草本类农业资源(黄秸秆) | 农作物、农作物秸秆(如玉米秸、麦秸)、农业加工业废弃物(如稻壳) | 密度小,容易缠绕,难破碎,水分高、基本无灰分(小于2%),钾、钠等碱金属含量高 | 高灰、高氯、高钾、高硅、低钙、低铁;秸秆氯元素含量高 |
| 畜禽粪便 | 畜禽的排泄物(粪便、尿和垫草混合物) | 含水率高、挥发分高、臭味大,影响环境 | 水分含量高;烘干处理后热值高,是优质燃料 |
| 城镇污泥 | 含有丰富有机物的城镇生活排水、 工业生产废水、城镇生活污泥 | 高含水率(可达80%以上);污染物含量高;含有较高比例的有机物和氮、磷等元素;易腐败、散发恶臭;不同来源的污泥性质差异较大 | 含有氯等腐蚀性较强的元素 |
| 生活垃圾 | 居民生活垃圾 | 量大面广,有可回收性;易腐烂变质,产生恶臭;如处理不当,易造成污染;成分复杂,处理需要综合考虑减量化、资源化和无害化;地域性和季节性变化会影响生活垃圾的产生量和成分 | 含有汞、铅等重金属或有害物质以及氯等腐蚀性较强的元素 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793175507172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Compositional analysis of some typical herbaceous biomass fuels
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 典型生物质成分 | 玉米秸秆 | 稻壳 | 树皮 | 芦苇 | 水稻秸秆 | 模板料 |
|---|
| w(M)/% | 32.50 | 18.26 | 32.70 | 15.57 | 16.30 | 11.90 |
| wad(A)/% | 11.10 | 1.85 | 5.30 | 4.51 | 12.60 | 2.04 |
| wdaf(V)/% | 71.25 | 65.82 | 78.02 | 78.50 | 69.69 | 78.76 |
| w(S)/% | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| wash(K2O)/% | 4.50 | 1.190 | 7.31 | 8.96 | 9.10 | 2.50 |
| war(Cl)/% | 0.021 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.049 | 0.012 | 0.300 |
| Qnet/(MJ·kg–1) | 9.92 | 12.28 | 10.88 | 14.52 | 12.39 | 15.70 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793288753391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
部分典型草本类生物质燃料成分分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 典型生物质成分 | 玉米秸秆 | 稻壳 | 树皮 | 芦苇 | 水稻秸秆 | 模板料 |
|---|
| w(M)/% | 32.50 | 18.26 | 32.70 | 15.57 | 16.30 | 11.90 |
| wad(A)/% | 11.10 | 1.85 | 5.30 | 4.51 | 12.60 | 2.04 |
| wdaf(V)/% | 71.25 | 65.82 | 78.02 | 78.50 | 69.69 | 78.76 |
| w(S)/% | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| wash(K2O)/% | 4.50 | 1.190 | 7.31 | 8.96 | 9.10 | 2.50 |
| war(Cl)/% | 0.021 | 0.014 | 0.002 | 0.049 | 0.012 | 0.300 |
| Qnet/(MJ·kg–1) | 9.92 | 12.28 | 10.88 | 14.52 | 12.39 | 15.70 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793406193911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Overview of foreign engineering applications of biomass combustion technology
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生物质发电技术 | 国家/电厂 | 工程应用概况 |
|---|
| 全燃生物质 | 丹麦BWE公司 | 建设世界上第一座秸秆发电厂 |
| Foster Wheeler公司 | CFB燃烧,燃料为木材加工废料、造纸业废弃物,发电功率为3.0~47.0 MW |
| 美国通用电力公司 | CFB燃烧,容量为2.5 MW |
| 比利时布鲁赛尔温克能源公司 | 倾斜式液压移动炉排炉,燃料为木材废弃物、木质建筑废弃物、造纸废弃物、城市垃圾等,锅炉效率为85.0%,容量为20 MW以下 |
| 日本Takuma公司 | 已销售500余台生物质锅炉,燃料为木屑、甘蔗渣、谷物的残余物等 |
| 掺烧生物质 | 美国 | 以煤粉炉为主,其次是流化床,容量在50~700 MW |
| 芬兰 | 以CFB锅炉为主,容量在300 MW以下 |
| 瑞士 | 以链条炉为主,容量在30 MW以下 |
| 丹麦 | 热电联产电厂 |
| 波兰Ostroleka B电厂 | 欧洲著名的生物质煤粉炉混燃示范项目,2005年开始实施共磨混燃方案,3×200 MW机组,混燃量为30 t/h×2套 |
| 英国Drax电厂 | 2003年开始了生物质耦合发电的历程,成功掺烧100%生物质,改造了4台660 MW燃煤机组100%燃烧生物质燃料发电 |
| 荷兰Amer电厂 | 600 MW机组2020年新增30%生物质直燃耦合发电 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793498468608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
国外生物质燃烧技术工程应用概况
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 生物质发电技术 | 国家/电厂 | 工程应用概况 |
|---|
| 全燃生物质 | 丹麦BWE公司 | 建设世界上第一座秸秆发电厂 |
| Foster Wheeler公司 | CFB燃烧,燃料为木材加工废料、造纸业废弃物,发电功率为3.0~47.0 MW |
| 美国通用电力公司 | CFB燃烧,容量为2.5 MW |
| 比利时布鲁赛尔温克能源公司 | 倾斜式液压移动炉排炉,燃料为木材废弃物、木质建筑废弃物、造纸废弃物、城市垃圾等,锅炉效率为85.0%,容量为20 MW以下 |
| 日本Takuma公司 | 已销售500余台生物质锅炉,燃料为木屑、甘蔗渣、谷物的残余物等 |
| 掺烧生物质 | 美国 | 以煤粉炉为主,其次是流化床,容量在50~700 MW |
| 芬兰 | 以CFB锅炉为主,容量在300 MW以下 |
| 瑞士 | 以链条炉为主,容量在30 MW以下 |
| 丹麦 | 热电联产电厂 |
| 波兰Ostroleka B电厂 | 欧洲著名的生物质煤粉炉混燃示范项目,2005年开始实施共磨混燃方案,3×200 MW机组,混燃量为30 t/h×2套 |
| 英国Drax电厂 | 2003年开始了生物质耦合发电的历程,成功掺烧100%生物质,改造了4台660 MW燃煤机组100%燃烧生物质燃料发电 |
| 荷兰Amer电厂 | 600 MW机组2020年新增30%生物质直燃耦合发电 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793620103433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Comparative analysis of furnace types for all-fired biomass boilers
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | CFB锅炉 | 差速流化床锅炉 | 水冷振动炉排锅炉 |
|---|
| 给料系统适应性 | 螺旋给料,燃料粒度要求均匀,燃料粒度要求低,给料稳定性差;给料不稳定,容易堵料;给料口正压,容易回火,烟气反串 | 螺旋给料,燃料粒度要求均匀变化时,给料稳定性差;容易堵料;给料口正压,容易回火,烟气反串 | 燃料粒度要求低,适应性好;对各类生物质料给料稳定,适应性好;给料口附近背压小,有料封,可防止回火 |
| 燃料品质适应性 | 热负荷均匀,燃烧行程长,燃尽性好,锅炉效率高;对各种高水分、高灰分、低热值燃料适应性好,可靠性高 | 热负荷均匀,燃烧行程长,燃尽性好,锅炉效率高;对燃料适应性不如CFB锅炉,但是比炉排炉强,可靠性高 | 燃烧集中在炉排上部,燃烧行程短,燃尽性差(灰渣含碳量高);对燃料水分要求高,对高水分低热值燃料必要时需要投油助燃;燃用灰分较大生物质燃料时,容易结焦,可靠性差 |
| 灰渣处理 | 底渣占比少,排渣系统简单可靠;在燃用含金属和石块等较多的建筑模板料时,会影响床料流化效果,需要定期置换床料 | 有利于燃用含金属和石块等较多的建筑模板料时,可排出大块杂质 | 燃烧温度高,固定床燃烧方式形成的焦块较大、较硬,需要在捞渣机中急冷破碎,对排渣系统的可靠性要求较高 |
| 污染物排放控制 | 在燃料相对稳定的情况下,运行参数稳定,NOx原始含量低且稳定,SO2含量低,可通过炉内添加石灰石脱硫,脱硫成本低;在炉膛中上部和水平烟道处安装SNCR脱硝系统,可实现低成本NOx达标排放 | 在燃料相对稳定的情况下,运行参数稳定,部分不带分离器和返料器的差速床锅炉,NOx原始含量高,波动大;床温不均匀;SNCR脱硝系统效率低,需要尾部增加低温SCR脱硝装置,脱硝成本高 | 燃烧温度高,NOx原始含量高;SO2含量低,脱硫成本高;燃烧存在周期性突变,NOx存在周期性波动;炉膛截面积大,炉膛温度梯度大,采用SNCR脱硝效率低;NOx难以控制到超低水平,一般采用低温催化剂,脱硝成本高 |
| 受热面腐蚀、结焦、积灰和磨损 | 系统可靠性高;流化床内存在大量炽热高温物料对水冷壁的冲刷,水冷壁沾污和高温腐蚀风险小;受热面特殊布置,可有效避开碱金属的高温腐蚀 | 有埋管设计,埋管的磨损不可避免;需采用相应的防磨措施;可靠性相对较差;炉膛上部温度低,SNCR脱硝系统效率低,氨逃逸浓度高,容易在尾部空预器积灰、堵塞、腐蚀 | 结构复杂,振动机构以及挠性管周期振动都易发生机械故障;炉膛火焰温度高、热负荷高,极易发生水冷壁大面积高温结焦、腐蚀,如果燃料中Cl元素含量高,压红线运行时易发生高温过热器结焦和腐蚀;高温对流受热面积灰时易发生磨损 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793724961036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
全燃生物质锅炉炉型对比分析
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | CFB锅炉 | 差速流化床锅炉 | 水冷振动炉排锅炉 |
|---|
| 给料系统适应性 | 螺旋给料,燃料粒度要求均匀,燃料粒度要求低,给料稳定性差;给料不稳定,容易堵料;给料口正压,容易回火,烟气反串 | 螺旋给料,燃料粒度要求均匀变化时,给料稳定性差;容易堵料;给料口正压,容易回火,烟气反串 | 燃料粒度要求低,适应性好;对各类生物质料给料稳定,适应性好;给料口附近背压小,有料封,可防止回火 |
| 燃料品质适应性 | 热负荷均匀,燃烧行程长,燃尽性好,锅炉效率高;对各种高水分、高灰分、低热值燃料适应性好,可靠性高 | 热负荷均匀,燃烧行程长,燃尽性好,锅炉效率高;对燃料适应性不如CFB锅炉,但是比炉排炉强,可靠性高 | 燃烧集中在炉排上部,燃烧行程短,燃尽性差(灰渣含碳量高);对燃料水分要求高,对高水分低热值燃料必要时需要投油助燃;燃用灰分较大生物质燃料时,容易结焦,可靠性差 |
| 灰渣处理 | 底渣占比少,排渣系统简单可靠;在燃用含金属和石块等较多的建筑模板料时,会影响床料流化效果,需要定期置换床料 | 有利于燃用含金属和石块等较多的建筑模板料时,可排出大块杂质 | 燃烧温度高,固定床燃烧方式形成的焦块较大、较硬,需要在捞渣机中急冷破碎,对排渣系统的可靠性要求较高 |
| 污染物排放控制 | 在燃料相对稳定的情况下,运行参数稳定,NOx原始含量低且稳定,SO2含量低,可通过炉内添加石灰石脱硫,脱硫成本低;在炉膛中上部和水平烟道处安装SNCR脱硝系统,可实现低成本NOx达标排放 | 在燃料相对稳定的情况下,运行参数稳定,部分不带分离器和返料器的差速床锅炉,NOx原始含量高,波动大;床温不均匀;SNCR脱硝系统效率低,需要尾部增加低温SCR脱硝装置,脱硝成本高 | 燃烧温度高,NOx原始含量高;SO2含量低,脱硫成本高;燃烧存在周期性突变,NOx存在周期性波动;炉膛截面积大,炉膛温度梯度大,采用SNCR脱硝效率低;NOx难以控制到超低水平,一般采用低温催化剂,脱硝成本高 |
| 受热面腐蚀、结焦、积灰和磨损 | 系统可靠性高;流化床内存在大量炽热高温物料对水冷壁的冲刷,水冷壁沾污和高温腐蚀风险小;受热面特殊布置,可有效避开碱金属的高温腐蚀 | 有埋管设计,埋管的磨损不可避免;需采用相应的防磨措施;可靠性相对较差;炉膛上部温度低,SNCR脱硝系统效率低,氨逃逸浓度高,容易在尾部空预器积灰、堵塞、腐蚀 | 结构复杂,振动机构以及挠性管周期振动都易发生机械故障;炉膛火焰温度高、热负荷高,极易发生水冷壁大面积高温结焦、腐蚀,如果燃料中Cl元素含量高,压红线运行时易发生高温过热器结焦和腐蚀;高温对流受热面积灰时易发生磨损 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793821430036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Characteristics of typical CFB boilers in biomass boiler manufacturing plants
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 锅炉厂 | 锅炉类型 | 特点 |
|---|
杭州锅 炉厂 | 生物质CFB锅炉 | 适应生物质燃料的多样性特点 |
济南锅 炉厂 | 生物质CFB锅炉、水冷振动炉排锅炉 | 35~150 t/h;燃烧效率高,脱硫效果好;燃料适应性广;连续运行时间长;负荷调节范围宽,超负荷能力强 |
| 无锡华光锅炉厂 | CFB锅炉 | 75 t/h;低氮燃烧、低能耗;采用分离效率较高的蜗壳式汽冷旋风分离器 |
太原锅 炉厂 | 生物质CFB锅炉 | 5~260 t/h;低氮燃烧、低能耗;燃烧效率高,环保特性好 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236611793947259168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236611785135027069, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
生物质CFB锅炉制造厂典型锅炉特点
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 锅炉厂 | 锅炉类型 | 特点 |
|---|
杭州锅 炉厂 | 生物质CFB锅炉 | 适应生物质燃料的多样性特点 |
济南锅 炉厂 | 生物质CFB锅炉、水冷振动炉排锅炉 | 35~150 t/h;燃烧效率高,脱硫效果好;燃料适应性广;连续运行时间长;负荷调节范围宽,超负荷能力强 |
| 无锡华光锅炉厂 | CFB锅炉 | 75 t/h;低氮燃烧、低能耗;采用分离效率较高的蜗壳式汽冷旋风分离器 |
太原锅 炉厂 | 生物质CFB锅炉 | 5~260 t/h;低氮燃烧、低能耗;燃烧效率高,环保特性好 |
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