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Article(id=1236372360044008284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202504061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744560000000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772703741322, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772703741322, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772703741322, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772703741322, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236372356109751006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772703740384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772788131769, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236726319342481872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236726319342481873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=113, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236372360291472237, articleId=1236372360044008284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Simulation study on detailed chemical reaction kinetics of pure ammonia combustion, columnId=1236372358878000047, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Carbon neutral fuel coupled combustion and emission control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under the “dual-carbon” target, ammonia as a zero carbon fuel is expected to become a substitute for fossil fuels. Focusing on the problems of slow combustion speed, high ignition energy, and significant ignition delay in ammonia combustion, the effects of initial temperature, pressure, and oxygen volume fraction on ammonia combustion characteristics are studied via Chemkin simulation, based on the different ammonia combustion chemical reaction kinetics mechanisms of Shrestha, Mei, Mei-2021, Stagni, CEU-NH3, Gotama, and Glarborg. The results show that, as the initial temperature increases, the propagation speed of ammonia laminar flame increases, and the ignition delay time decreases, which is beneficial for ammonia ignition and combustion. The increase in pressure reduces the propagation speed of laminar flames, but significantly shortens the ignition delay time. The increase in pressure is beneficial for ignition but not conducive to flame propagation. As the volume fraction of O2 increases, the laminar flame propagation speed increases and the peak shifts towards lean combustion. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the branching ratios of H+O2=O+OH, H2+NO=NNH+OH, and NH2+NO=H2O+N2 have a positive promoting effect on flame propagation, while that of NH2+O=HNO+H inhibits flame propagation. The reactions H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M), NH3=H+NH2, HNO=H+NO, and NH2+HO2=NH3+O2 exhibit high sensitivity at high pressures. The sensitivity coefficients of the reactions between HNO and NiHi is relatively high during lean burn combustion. H2NO is an important intermediate component that affects the ignition delay time at high pressures and low temperatures. By optimizing the conditions of ammonia combustion and regulating key reaction pathways and reaction kinetics, the characteristics of ammonia combustion can be improved.

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双碳”目标下，氨作为零碳燃料有望成为化石燃料的替代品。针对氨燃烧存在的燃烧速度慢、点火能量高、着火延迟显著等问题，基于Shrestha、Mei、Mei-2021、Stagni、CEU-NH3、Gotama和Glarborg的不同氨燃烧化学反应动力学机理，采用Chemkin模拟研究了初始温度、压力及氧体积分数对氨燃烧特性的影响。结果表明：初始温度增加，氨层流火焰传播速度提高，点火延迟时间降低，有利于氨的着火及燃烧；压力增加层流火焰传播速度降低，但点火延迟时间显著降低，压力增加有利于着火但不利于火焰传播；氧体积分数增大，层流火焰传播速度增大，峰值向稀燃方向移动；并通过敏感性分析揭示了H+O2=O+OH、NH2+NO=NNH+OH和NH2+NO=H2O+N2的分支比对火焰传播的正向促进作用，而NH2+O=HNO+H会抑制火焰传播；反应H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M)、NH3=H+NH2、HNO=H+NO及NH2+HO2=NH3+O2在高压下呈高敏感性；HNO和NiHi的反应在稀燃燃烧时敏感性系数较高；H2NO是影响高压低温时点火延迟时间的重要中间组分；通过优化氨燃烧条件调控关键反应路径及反应动力学可改善氨燃烧特性。

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钱琳（1983），女，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为清洁燃料燃烧及污染物控制，。

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钱琳（1983），女，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为清洁燃料燃烧及污染物控制，。

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钱琳（1983），女，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为清洁燃料燃烧及污染物控制，。

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articleId=1236372360044008284, companyId=1236372362849996846, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.深能库尔勒发电有限公司，新疆　库尔勒　841000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236372365265916162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Variations of laminar flame propagation speed with the equivalence ratio, figureFileSmall=xqp7DOqa9GWo/CxaDVz7iA==, figureFileBig=0NYw6XV19DcUDMg2CFrOVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372365353996552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图1, caption=层流火焰传播速度随当量比的变化, figureFileSmall=xqp7DOqa9GWo/CxaDVz7iA==, figureFileBig=0NYw6XV19DcUDMg2CFrOVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372365584683291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Sensitivity analysis for flame propagation speed predicted by Mei and Mei-2021 mechanism when Φ=1.1, figureFileSmall=qWMEFX6b0uKdEyo1WrxoOA==, figureFileBig=zNLtBncYQktQjgvidEL6dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372365752455454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图2, caption=ϕ =1.1下Mei和Mei-2021机理层流火焰传播速度的敏感性分析, figureFileSmall=qWMEFX6b0uKdEyo1WrxoOA==, figureFileBig=zNLtBncYQktQjgvidEL6dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372365865701671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of simulated and experimental values of laminar flame propagation speed at an initial temperature of 298 K and pressure ranging from 105 Pa to 5×105 Pa, figureFileSmall=mPxzibL0D4JQU3R3+35Ong==, figureFileBig=FMZwGg8AR32e7eVD0RKJ5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372365949587754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图3, caption=初始温度为298 K、压力105~5×105 Pa下层流火焰传播速度模拟值与文献实验值对比, figureFileSmall=mPxzibL0D4JQU3R3+35Ong==, figureFileBig=FMZwGg8AR32e7eVD0RKJ5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366020890928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Sensitivity analysis of laminar flame propagation speed for Mei and Mei-2021 mechanism at an initial temperature of 500 K and pressure of 5×105 Pa, figureFileSmall=LT0t2OKnyMuCixJ/bAAhwA==, figureFileBig=4RvPy6ZhlLzO5+kolXjMag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366134137147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图4, caption=初始温度500 K、压力5×105 Pa下Mei、Mei-2021层流火焰传播速度的敏感性分析, figureFileSmall=LT0t2OKnyMuCixJ/bAAhwA==, figureFileBig=4RvPy6ZhlLzO5+kolXjMag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366222217540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Variations of laminar flame propagation speed with oxygen volume fraction under oxygen-enriched conditions, figureFileSmall=Y6IZdVvvT4jQY/t6dxkK2Q==, figureFileBig=0h52gggpRN8rlvRqFHcdpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366385795403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图5, caption=富氧工况下层流火焰传播速度随氧体积分数的变化, figureFileSmall=Y6IZdVvvT4jQY/t6dxkK2Q==, figureFileBig=0h52gggpRN8rlvRqFHcdpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366494847314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Sensitivity analysis of laminar flame propagation speed for Mei and Mei-2021 mechanism, figureFileSmall=9ElhirMXuLRflwmuKS0J0w==, figureFileBig=MjJGUvbuE1lN9yFuv5aKiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366608093527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图6, caption=Mei和Mei-2021机理层流火焰传播速度的敏感性分析, figureFileSmall=9ElhirMXuLRflwmuKS0J0w==, figureFileBig=MjJGUvbuE1lN9yFuv5aKiw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366767477085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The simulated and experimental values of ignition delay time of 0.001 143 NH3/0.008 57 O2/ 0.98Ar at different pressures, figureFileSmall=5E2Yx5199Yp6GPcpOVLPhw==, figureFileBig=JofjL5iGdvDLn+3IqFpVuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366863946084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同压力下0.001 143 NH3/0.008 57O2/0.98Ar点火延迟时间模拟值与文献实验对比, figureFileSmall=5E2Yx5199Yp6GPcpOVLPhw==, figureFileBig=JofjL5iGdvDLn+3IqFpVuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366981386602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Path flux diagram of NH3/air ignition process at initial temperature of 1 150 K, ϕ=1, figureFileSmall=Y2SOArqx3tVbpwiQu2+oAg==, figureFileBig=GqGYCKUm3Hzp7e9FS5nVjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367098827120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=图8, caption=初始温度1 150 K，ϕ=1的NH3/空气点火过程路径通量图, figureFileSmall=Y2SOArqx3tVbpwiQu2+oAg==, figureFileBig=GqGYCKUm3Hzp7e9FS5nVjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367203684724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Experimental conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/K压力/(×105 Pa)当量比测量方法
29810.85~1.25热流量法
29810.60~1.50球爆法
29810.70~1.30球爆法
298、323、373、423、47310.70~1.30球爆法
298、47310.70~1.70球爆法
29811.00球爆法
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367304348020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

实验工况条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/K压力/(×105 Pa)当量比测量方法
29810.85~1.25热流量法
29810.60~1.50球爆法
29810.70~1.30球爆法
298、323、373、423、47310.70~1.30球爆法
298、47310.70~1.70球爆法
29811.00球爆法
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367400817019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Seven kinds of ammonia oxidation mechanisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分/反应混合物T/Kp/(×105 Pa)
125/1 099H2/N2O/NH3/N2
NH3/NO/Ar
NH3/H2/O2/Ar
NH3/O2/Ar
NH3/O2/He/N2		995
298
298
1 560~2 500
298、323、373		3
0.07
0.05
1.4、10、30
1
31/203NH3/O2/Ar
NH3/O2/He
NH3/CH4/O2/Ar/N2		1 560~2 500
900~1 100
500~2 000		1.4, 10, 30
20, 40
1
38/265

40/257		NH3/O2/N2
NH3/O2/N2
NH3/NO/N2
NH3/H2/O2/N2
NH3/H2/CO/O2		298
298
298
298
298		1
1
1、2、5
1
1~10
91/445NH3/H2/空气
NH3/CH4/空气
NH3/O2/Ar
NH3/H2/CO/CH4/空气
NH3/NO/Ar
NH3/CH4/O2		298、473
1 400~1 800
1 560~2 500
298、348、398
298
900~1 800		1、3
2、5
1.4、10、30
1、3、5
0.07
1.06
26/119NH3/H2/空气2981、5
151/1 395NH3/O2/Ar900~1 8001.06
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367488897410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

7种不同氨氧化机理

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组分/反应混合物T/Kp/(×105 Pa)
125/1 099H2/N2O/NH3/N2
NH3/NO/Ar
NH3/H2/O2/Ar
NH3/O2/Ar
NH3/O2/He/N2		995
298
298
1 560~2 500
298、323、373		3
0.07
0.05
1.4、10、30
1
31/203NH3/O2/Ar
NH3/O2/He
NH3/CH4/O2/Ar/N2		1 560~2 500
900~1 100
500~2 000		1.4, 10, 30
20, 40
1
38/265

40/257		NH3/O2/N2
NH3/O2/N2
NH3/NO/N2
NH3/H2/O2/N2
NH3/H2/CO/O2		298
298
298
298
298		1
1
1、2、5
1
1~10
91/445NH3/H2/空气
NH3/CH4/空气
NH3/O2/Ar
NH3/H2/CO/CH4/空气
NH3/NO/Ar
NH3/CH4/O2		298、473
1 400~1 800
1 560~2 500
298、348、398
298
900~1 800		1、3
2、5
1.4、10、30
1、3、5
0.07
1.06
26/119NH3/H2/空气2981、5
151/1 395NH3/O2/Ar900~1 8001.06
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367589560711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The peak values of laminar flame propagation speed predicted by Mei-2021 mechanism

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/K298323373423473
层流火焰传播
速度/(cm·s–1）		7.869.1011.9415.3219.33
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367690224012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Mei-2021机理预测的层流火焰传播速度峰值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/K298323373423473
层流火焰传播
速度/(cm·s–1）		7.869.1011.9415.3219.33
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367803470226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Chemical reaction rate constants and their sources of some reactions in Mei and Mei-2021 mechanisms

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应Mei机理Mei-2021机理
反应速率常数来源反应速率常数来源
NH2+OH=NH+H2O2.0×108/1.50×10–4/56.7Klaus 19979.6×106/1.97/669Mousavipour 2009
NH2+NO=NNH+OH3.80×1010/0.425/–814Miller & Glarborg 19993.1×1013/–0.48/1 180Klippenstein 2011
NH2+NO=N2+H2O2.80×1020/–2.70/1 258Miller & Glarborg 19991.3×1016/–1.250/0
–3.1×1013/–0.48/1 180		Klippenstein 2011
NH+NO=N2O+H2.90×1014/–0.40/0.0Glarborg 19982.9×1014/–0.40/0.0
–2.2×1013/–0.23/0.0		Tian Mech
N2H2+OH=NNH+H2O59/3.40/1 360KLIMIC 201159/3.4/–1 363Linder 1996
O+H2=H+OH3.818×1012/0/7 948
8.792×1014/0/19 170		Baulch 19921.255×106/2.270 39/6 956.9Varga 2016
H+O2=O+OH1.04×1014/0/15 286Hong 20111.37×1013/0.243 4/14 440Varga 2016
NH2+O=HNO+H4.50×1013/0/0Klaus 19970.15×1016/–0.547/836.7
0.773×1014/–0.277/646.4		Sumathi
), ArticleFig(id=1236372367925105046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

Mei和Mei-2021机理中部分反应的化学反应速率常数及来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应Mei机理Mei-2021机理
反应速率常数来源反应速率常数来源
NH2+OH=NH+H2O2.0×108/1.50×10–4/56.7Klaus 19979.6×106/1.97/669Mousavipour 2009
NH2+NO=NNH+OH3.80×1010/0.425/–814Miller & Glarborg 19993.1×1013/–0.48/1 180Klippenstein 2011
NH2+NO=N2+H2O2.80×1020/–2.70/1 258Miller & Glarborg 19991.3×1016/–1.250/0
–3.1×1013/–0.48/1 180		Klippenstein 2011
NH+NO=N2O+H2.90×1014/–0.40/0.0Glarborg 19982.9×1014/–0.40/0.0
–2.2×1013/–0.23/0.0		Tian Mech
N2H2+OH=NNH+H2O59/3.40/1 360KLIMIC 201159/3.4/–1 363Linder 1996
O+H2=H+OH3.818×1012/0/7 948
8.792×1014/0/19 170		Baulch 19921.255×106/2.270 39/6 956.9Varga 2016
H+O2=O+OH1.04×1014/0/15 286Hong 20111.37×1013/0.243 4/14 440Varga 2016
NH2+O=HNO+H4.50×1013/0/0Klaus 19970.15×1016/–0.547/836.7
0.773×1014/–0.277/646.4		Sumathi
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368059322778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Parameter settings for simulation and experimental conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Kanoshima实验[22]设定值
温度/K298298
压力/(×105 Pa)1、3、51、3、5
当量比0.9~1.20.8~1.3
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368164180382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

模拟和实验工况参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目Kanoshima实验[22]设定值
温度/K298298
压力/(×105 Pa)1、3、51、3、5
当量比0.9~1.20.8~1.3
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368285815204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

The experimental and predicted results of ignition delay time at an initial temperature of 1 900 K and pressures of 1.4×105 Pa and 1.1×106 Pa

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机理压力/Pa
1.4×1051.1×106
Mathieu实验值1 334210
Shrestha920145
Mei1 121185.521 4
Mei-2021937152.481 3
Stagni1 159.75171.332 4
Gotama1 370225.967 8
Glarborg2 080173
CEU-NH31 640.92226.002
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368382284198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

初始温度1 900 K、压力1.4×105 Pa和1.1×106 Pa下，实验结果与机理预测值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机理压力/Pa
1.4×1051.1×106
Mathieu实验值1 334210
Shrestha920145
Mei1 121185.521 4
Mei-2021937152.481 3
Stagni1 159.75171.332 4
Gotama1 370225.967 8
Glarborg2 080173
CEU-NH31 640.92226.002
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368482947501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

The proportion of each reaction in the path flux

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应MeiMei-2021Stagni反应MeiMei-2021Stagni
NH2+HO2=H2NO+OH906239H2NO+NH2=HNO+NH3141374
NH2+O2=H2NO+O73148H2NO+H=HNO+H214104
NH2+NO2=H2NO+NO3711HNO+NH2=NH3+NO211626
H2NO+OH=HNO+H2O43513HNO+O2=NO+HO2264149
H2NO+HO2=HNO+H2O222181HNO+OH=NO+H2O311
H2NO+O2=HNO+HO22215HNO(+M)=NO+H(+M)45
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368608776623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

路径通量中各反应所占比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应MeiMei-2021Stagni反应MeiMei-2021Stagni
NH2+HO2=H2NO+OH906239H2NO+NH2=HNO+NH3141374
NH2+O2=H2NO+O73148H2NO+H=HNO+H214104
NH2+NO2=H2NO+NO3711HNO+NH2=NH3+NO211626
H2NO+OH=HNO+H2O43513HNO+O2=NO+HO2264149
H2NO+HO2=HNO+H2O222181HNO+OH=NO+H2O311
H2NO+O2=HNO+HO22215HNO(+M)=NO+H(+M)45
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368713634227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

The sources of chemical reaction rate constants of the reactions in which H2NO and HNO participate in

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应MeiMei-2021Stagni
NH2+HO2=H2NO+OHSkreiberg 2004Sumathi 1996Klippenstein 2022
NH2+O2=H2NO+OSkreiberg 2004Klippenstein 2011Klippenstein 2011
NH2+NO2=H2NO+NOPark and Lin 1997Park and Lin 1997Glarborg 2018
H2NO+OH=HNO+H2OGlarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Klippenstein 2022
H2NO+HO2=HNO+H2O2Glarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Stagni 2022
H2NO+O2=HNO+HO2Glarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Stagni 2022
H2NO+NH2=HNO+NH3Glarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Stagni 2022
H2NO+H=HNO+H2Glarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Dean AM Bozzelli JW 2000
HNO+NH2=NH3+NOCoppens 2007Mebel 1996Mebel 1996
HNO+O2=NO+HO2Skreiberg 2004Skreiberg 2004Dean AM Bozzelli JW 2000
HNO+OH=NO+H2OSkreiberg 2004Miller 1981Chen 2019
HNO(+M)=NO+H(+M)Rasmussen 2008
), ArticleFig(id=1236372368826880441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372360044008284, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

H2NO、HNO参与反应的化学反应速率常数来源

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应MeiMei-2021Stagni
NH2+HO2=H2NO+OHSkreiberg 2004Sumathi 1996Klippenstein 2022
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H2NO+NH2=HNO+NH3Glarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Stagni 2022
H2NO+H=HNO+H2Glarborg 2000Glarborg 2000Dean AM Bozzelli JW 2000
HNO+NH2=NH3+NOCoppens 2007Mebel 1996Mebel 1996
HNO+O2=NO+HO2Skreiberg 2004Skreiberg 2004Dean AM Bozzelli JW 2000
HNO+OH=NO+H2OSkreiberg 2004Miller 1981Chen 2019
HNO(+M)=NO+H(+M)Rasmussen 2008
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纯氨燃烧详细化学反应动力学模拟研究
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钱琳 1 , 张洋溢 1 , 贾子秀 2 , 杨振宇 3 , 余波 1
热力发电 | 碳中性燃料耦合燃烧与排放控制 2025,54(8): 113-123
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热力发电 | 碳中性燃料耦合燃烧与排放控制 2025, 54(8): 113-123
纯氨燃烧详细化学反应动力学模拟研究
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钱琳1 , 张洋溢1, 贾子秀2, 杨振宇3, 余波1
作者信息
  • 1.中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院，江苏　徐州　221116
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
  • 3.深能库尔勒发电有限公司，新疆　库尔勒　841000

    • 钱琳（1983），女，博士，讲师，主要研究方向为清洁燃料燃烧及污染物控制，。

Simulation study on detailed chemical reaction kinetics of pure ammonia combustion
Lin QIAN1 , Yangyi ZHANG1, Zixiu JIA2, Zhengyu YANG3, Bo YU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.Shenneng Korla Power Generation Co., Ltd., Korla 841000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504061
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摘要
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双碳”目标下，氨作为零碳燃料有望成为化石燃料的替代品。针对氨燃烧存在的燃烧速度慢、点火能量高、着火延迟显著等问题，基于Shrestha、Mei、Mei-2021、Stagni、CEU-NH3、Gotama和Glarborg的不同氨燃烧化学反应动力学机理，采用Chemkin模拟研究了初始温度、压力及氧体积分数对氨燃烧特性的影响。结果表明：初始温度增加，氨层流火焰传播速度提高，点火延迟时间降低，有利于氨的着火及燃烧；压力增加层流火焰传播速度降低，但点火延迟时间显著降低，压力增加有利于着火但不利于火焰传播；氧体积分数增大，层流火焰传播速度增大，峰值向稀燃方向移动；并通过敏感性分析揭示了H+O2=O+OH、NH2+NO=NNH+OH和NH2+NO=H2O+N2的分支比对火焰传播的正向促进作用，而NH2+O=HNO+H会抑制火焰传播；反应H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M)、NH3=H+NH2、HNO=H+NO及NH2+HO2=NH3+O2在高压下呈高敏感性；HNO和NiHi的反应在稀燃燃烧时敏感性系数较高；H2NO是影响高压低温时点火延迟时间的重要中间组分；通过优化氨燃烧条件调控关键反应路径及反应动力学可改善氨燃烧特性。

反应动力学机理  /  氨燃烧特性  /  层流火焰传播速度  /  点火延迟时间

Under the “dual-carbon” target, ammonia as a zero carbon fuel is expected to become a substitute for fossil fuels. Focusing on the problems of slow combustion speed, high ignition energy, and significant ignition delay in ammonia combustion, the effects of initial temperature, pressure, and oxygen volume fraction on ammonia combustion characteristics are studied via Chemkin simulation, based on the different ammonia combustion chemical reaction kinetics mechanisms of Shrestha, Mei, Mei-2021, Stagni, CEU-NH3, Gotama, and Glarborg. The results show that, as the initial temperature increases, the propagation speed of ammonia laminar flame increases, and the ignition delay time decreases, which is beneficial for ammonia ignition and combustion. The increase in pressure reduces the propagation speed of laminar flames, but significantly shortens the ignition delay time. The increase in pressure is beneficial for ignition but not conducive to flame propagation. As the volume fraction of O2 increases, the laminar flame propagation speed increases and the peak shifts towards lean combustion. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the branching ratios of H+O2=O+OH, H2+NO=NNH+OH, and NH2+NO=H2O+N2 have a positive promoting effect on flame propagation, while that of NH2+O=HNO+H inhibits flame propagation. The reactions H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M), NH3=H+NH2, HNO=H+NO, and NH2+HO2=NH3+O2 exhibit high sensitivity at high pressures. The sensitivity coefficients of the reactions between HNO and NiHi is relatively high during lean burn combustion. H2NO is an important intermediate component that affects the ignition delay time at high pressures and low temperatures. By optimizing the conditions of ammonia combustion and regulating key reaction pathways and reaction kinetics, the characteristics of ammonia combustion can be improved.

reaction kinetics mechanism  /  ammonia combustion characteristics  /  laminar flame propagation speed  /  ignition delay time
钱琳, 张洋溢, 贾子秀, 杨振宇, 余波. 纯氨燃烧详细化学反应动力学模拟研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (8) : 113 -123 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504061
Lin QIAN, Yangyi ZHANG, Zixiu JIA, Zhengyu YANG, Bo YU. Simulation study on detailed chemical reaction kinetics of pure ammonia combustion[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (8) : 113 -123 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504061
正文
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燃料零碳化是推动能源变革、构建现代能源体系、实现“双碳”目标的重要组成部分[1]。氨的燃烧产物只有N2和H2O，是一种典型的无碳燃料。氨是氢气的优良载体，NH3的储运成本低于H2[2-3]；氨的工业基础较好，作为农业肥料、制冷工质已被广泛应用。但是，纯氨燃烧速度慢、点火能量高、可燃范围窄、点火延迟时间长等特点使得氨在实际应用中受到限制。
为了改善氨燃烧特性，目前的研究集中在添加高活性助燃燃料的氨掺混燃烧[4]。Lee等人[5]采用球型燃烧室研究了常温常压下NH3/H2/空气预混燃烧的火焰结构及火焰传播速度。Kurata等人[6]利用球形膨胀火焰恒定体积法测量了不同条件下NH3/H2/空气的层流火焰传播速度。层流火焰传播速度随氢气含量和初始温度的升高而增加，但随初始压力的升高而降低。Chen等人[7]在双膜片激波管上研究高温高压下氨氧火焰的着火特性，认为中温时压力对着火延迟时间的影响较小，贫燃条件下着火延迟时间较长。不论是氨的掺混燃烧还是纯氨燃烧，都需要深刻认识氨燃烧反应动力学机理。
Shrestha等人于2018年提出的NH3/O2/N2详细反应动力学机理，包括H2/CO、NH3/NOx、C1/NOx三部分子机理，2021年，Shrestha等人在C.Lhuillier的实验[8-9]基础上，对高压以及富氧条件下NH3/H2燃烧进行拓展，更新了15个基元反应的化学反应速率常数。Stagni等人[10]基于稀薄条件（0.010≤ϕ≤0.375）和宽温度范围（500~2 000 K）进行实验，建立了氨/空气氧化动力学模型。2022年进一步研究发现，O2和NH2作为H提取剂在氨氧化中起主要作用，点火延迟时间对H2NO的H提取反应速率常数极其敏感。Mei等人[11]对NH3氧化的贫燃和富燃反应动力学进行了总结。2021年，Mei等人[12]将压力拓展到106 Pa，测量了NH3/H2/N2/空气混合物的层流火焰传播速度，并对机理进行了更新。韩昕璐[13]测定了NH3/H2/CH4/CH3OH/C2H5OH/空气火焰在初始温度298~448 K、压力105 Pa下的层流火焰传播速度。基于此开发了包含91种组分、444个反应的机理CEU-NH3。Gotama等人[14]以CEU-NH3模型为基础，重点研究了富燃、高压力条件下NH3/H2/air火焰的化学动力学。Glarborg等人[15]基于40多年与传统碳氢燃料燃烧过程相关的氮化学反应研究工作，建立了151种组分、1 395个反应组成的碳氢燃料燃烧详细机理。对NO的形成和消耗等重要反应的热化学和化学反应速率常数进行了重新评估。
目前，开发的包含氨组分的各种燃烧反应机理可以在一定范围内预测层流火焰传播速度和点火延迟时间。然而，这些机理在更宽范围下的适用性还有待进一步研究。因此，开展氨燃烧反应动力学机理的研究，从分子层面理解氨燃烧过程，对于优化氨燃烧特性，推进氨能源的发展至关重要。本文基于Shrestha、Mei、Mei-2021、Stagni、CEU-NH3、Gotama和Glarborg的不同氨燃烧化学反应动力学机理，采用Chemkin对氨的燃烧特性进行模拟研究，探究不同初始温度、压力、氧体积分数对氨燃烧特性的影响。
1　实验工况及反应机理
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表1为文献[9]实验工况条件，表2为对表1工况进行模拟采用的Shrestha、Mei、Mei-2021、Stagni、CEU-NH3、Gotama和Glarborg 7种机理[9,11,13,16-18]。
2　NH3燃烧特性模拟结果分析
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2.1　初始温度对氨燃烧层流火焰传播速度的影响
不同初始温度下的NH3/O2/N2层流火焰传播速度随当量比的变化如图1所示。从图1a)可见，7种机理的模拟结果变化趋势一致，随着当量比的增大，层流火焰传播速度先增大后减小，在当量比1.1附近层流火焰传播速度达到峰值。
从图1a)—图1e)可见，不同初始温度下，7种机理预测的层流火焰传播速度变化趋势与298 K时一致，当量比ϕ=0.8~1.3，Mei-2021预测的层流火焰传播速度与实验值最为接近，Glarborg机理预测的层流火焰传播速度均高于其他机理预测结果，偏差最大。
表3为基于Mei-2021机理预测的298~473 K下氨燃烧层流火焰传播速度峰值。由表3可见，温度从298 K升到473 K，层流火焰传播速度从7.86 cm/s增加到19.33 cm/s，是原来的2.46倍。随着初始温度的增加，不同机理预测的层流火焰传播速度峰值均有所提高。提高气体的初始温度对提高氨气层流火焰传播速度十分有效。
对ϕ=1.1下Mei和Mei-2021机理层流火焰传播速度的敏感性进行分析，得到结果如图2所示。
表4为Mei和Mei-2021机理中敏感性系数大的部分基元反应的化学反应速率常数及来源。由表4可见，2种机理中H+O2=O+OH均表现出最大的敏感性系数，在Mei机理中，NH2+NO=NNH+OH表现为最大的负敏感性系数，其竞争反应NH2+NO=H2O+N2同样表现为负敏感系数。而在Mei-2021机理中，NH2+NO=H2O+N2表现为最大负敏感性系数，NH2+NO=NNH+OH却表现为正敏感性系数。Mei机理中这2个反应来自Miller and Glarborg 1999[11]，而Mei-2021中这2个反应采用了Klippenstein 2011[12]中反应。NH2+NO=NNH+OH为链分支反应，NH2+NO=N2+H2O为链终结反应，这2个反应的反应物相同，产物不同，层流火焰传播速度的预测对这2个反应的分支非常敏感。
在Mei-2021中采用了Varga等人[19]优化的O+H2=H+OH化学反应速率常数，由图2可见，Mei机理中该反应表现为正的敏感性系数，而在Mei-2021机理中，该反应并未出现在敏感性较大的20个反应中，表明该反应的作用下降。
文献[20]指出，NH2+OH=NH+H2O、NH2+O=HNO+H这2个反应是NH2氧化为NH最重要的2个反应，在Mei和Mei-2021机理中，虽然这2个反应的化学反应速率常数不同，但在敏感性分析中均呈现负敏感性系数。
反应NH2+O=HNO+H在Mei和Mei-2021中均表现为负敏感性系数，表明该反应不利于提高层流火焰传播速度。Mei-2021机理中该反应的化学反应速率常数来自Sumathi[21]，是在低温下获得的[20]，NH2+O=HNO+H的温度依赖程度有相当大的不确定性，还需进一步研究它在高温下的化学反应速率常数。
2.2　压力对氨燃烧层流火焰传播速度的影响
文献[20]通过定容燃烧室研究了不同压力条件下氨燃烧层流火焰传播速度。基于此实验，本文采用7种机理进行模拟，实验及模拟工况参数设置见表5。
图3为初始温度298 K、压力1×105~5×105 Pa下7种机理预测的层流火焰传播速度与实验值的对比。从图3可见，压力为3×105 Pa时，层流火焰传播速度随着当量比的增大先增大后减小，在ϕ=1.1附近层流火焰传播速度达到峰值。7种机理中，Mei-2021预测的层流火焰传播速度最小且最接近实验结果，ϕ=1.1时达到峰值5.91 cm/s。Glarborg机理预测的层流火焰传播速度最大且偏差最大，ϕ=0.85时就已达到6.49 cm/s，ϕ=1.1时达到峰值为9.81 cm/s。
以Mei-2021机理为例，压力从105 Pa提高至5×105 Pa，层流火焰传播速度峰值从7.86 cm/s降低至4.97 cm/s，是常压的0.6倍。随着压力的提高，不同机理预测的层流火焰传播速度峰值均有所降低，可见提高压力会显著降低层流火焰传播速度，对氨燃烧不利。
图4为初始温度500 K、压力5×105 Pa下，Mei、Mei-2021机理层流火焰传播速度的敏感性分析。从图4b)可见，Mei-2021机理中H+O2=O+OH有最大的正敏感性系数，NH2+NO=NNH+OH有利于层流火焰传播速度的增加，而NH2+NO=H2O+N2则不利于层流火焰传播速度的增加，这与图2b)常压时的分析结果一致。H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M)为最大的负敏感性系数，不利于层流火焰传播速度的增加，NH3=H+NH2也表现为负敏感性系数，HNO=H+NO表现为正敏感性系数，NH2+HO2=NH3+O2为负敏感性系数，这4个反应在图2常压中并未表现出高敏感性，表明这4个反应在高压下更为重要。
在图4a)层流火焰传播速度中，由于Mei机理不包含NH3=H+NH2、HNO=H+NO这2个反应，所以未出现在敏感性分析中，而H+O2(+M)=HO2 (+M)、NH2+HO2=NH3+O2虽然包含在Mei机理中，但也没有出现在敏感性分析中，正是这4个反应敏感性下降，使得Mei机理在高压下对层流火焰传播速度的预测性相较于Mei-2021机理变差。
2.3　氧体积分数对氨燃烧层流火焰传播速度的影响
图5为不同O2/(O2+N2)体积分数下Mei和Mei-2021机理预测的层流火焰传播速度与实验值的对比，实验对比数据来自Mei[11]、Shretha[9]和Wang[23]。由图5a)可见，27%O2体积分数下，层流火焰传播速度随着当量比的增加而增加，层流火焰传播速度峰值在ϕ=1.1附近出现。21%、23%、25% O2体积分数下的层流火焰传播速度变化规律与27%O2体积分数下类似，且随着O2体积分数的增大，层流火焰传播速度增大。图5b)中：30%O2体积分数下，Mei-2021机理预测的层流火焰传播速度峰值在ϕ=1.1时为20.26 cm/s；而当O2体积分数增加到35%时，层流火焰传播速度峰值出现在ϕ=1.05时，为27.85 cm/s；当O2体积分数进一步增加到40%、45%时，层流火焰传播速度的峰值在ϕ=1.0时出现。当O2体积分数上升到60%、80%、100%时，层流火焰传播速度峰值继续朝着低当量比移动，出现在ϕ=0.9附近，如图5c)所示。在富氧条件下，高温加剧稀燃混合气燃烧产物的分解，使得稀燃混合气中分子数较浓燃混合物少，因而分子振动自由度更多，比热容更大，这导致稀燃混合气的整体比热容较低，从而使得火焰温度上升，层流火焰传播速度随着绝热火焰温度的升高而增大，导致层流火焰传播速度峰值向稀燃方向移动，这与文献[23-24]研究结论一致。
图6为Mei和Mei-2021机理在ϕ=0.9的O2体积分数下层流火焰传播速度的敏感性分析。
2种机理中，H+O2=O+OH表现出最高的敏感性，是层流火焰传播速度最重要的限速分支反应，O+H2=H+OH也表现为正敏感性。在ϕ=0.9的稀燃混合气中，HNO和NiHi的反应表现出较高的敏感性系数。在Mei机理中，反应H+NO(+M)=HNO(+M)、NH2+NO=NNH+OH消耗NO并产生活性自由基，表现出很大的正敏感性，链终止反应NH+OH=H2+NO产生NO，表现出最大的负敏感性系数。在不同条件下，NO既可通过将HO2自由基转化为活跃的OH自由基来促进燃料氧化，也可通过NO与H、O、HO2反应消耗自由基来抑制燃料氧化，ϕ=0.9的O2体积分数下，两者竞争NO抑制燃料氧化作用更为显著。
在Mei机理中NiHi机制中的NH+NH2=H+N2H2和N2H2+M=H+NNH+M表现出较大的正敏感系数，有利于层流火焰传播速度的提高。在Mei-2021机理中，H+NH3=H2+NH2成为负敏感性系数最高的反应，链终止反应NH+OH=H2+NO被删除，Mei机理中正敏感性系数较大的H+NO(+M)=HNO(+M)在Mei-2021机理中也被删除。NNH+O=NH+NO的化学反应速率常数被更新，从而表现出较大的正敏感性，而同样被更新了化学反应速率常数的NNH=N2+H在Mei-2021机理中的作用下降，N+NH2=N2+2H也是由于化学反应速率常数更新，在Mei-2021机理中有正敏感性系数。这些差异导致Mei和Mei-2021机理在高富氧（60%~100% O2体积分数）下预测的层流火焰速度存在差异。
2.4　压力对氨燃烧点火延迟时间的影响
图7为0.001 143 NH3/0.008 75O2/0.98Ar混合物在压力1.4×105、11×105、30×105、40×105 Pa下预测的点火延迟时间与Mathieu、Shu等人[25]实验结果的对比。从图7a)可见，压力为1.4×105 Pa时，不同机理预测的点火延迟时间随着初始温度的增加而降低，Stagni机理在初始温度1 800 K时预测点火延迟时间为2 063.0 μs，当初始温度升至2 350 K时，点火延迟时间降至190.7 μs，下降了91%，其他机理预测的点火延迟时间也呈现相同的规律。由图7可见，以Mei-2021机理预测值为例，温度为1 900 K、压力为1.4×105 Pa时，点火延迟时间为937 μs，压力增加到11×105 Pa时，点火延迟时间为152.48 μs，降低了83.7%。表6为初始温度在1 900 K下，Mathieu实验测得的点火延迟时间与7种机理预测值的对比。实验值及机理预测值显示，在相同的初始温度下，随着压力的增加，点火延迟时间均显著降低。
从图7d)可见，低温工况（<1 200 K）下，Mei机理预测值与实验结果误差较小，其他机理的预测值均高于实验结果。因此，对低温工况路径通量进行分析，图8给出了初始温度1 150 K，ϕ=1，p=40×105 Pa的NH3/空气点火过程的路径通量图。
由图8a)可见，有16.8%的NH2直接生成NNH，17.2%的NH2进一步脱氢生成NH，26.6%的NH2聚合生成N2H2，有26.4%的NH2生成了H2NO。在Mei-2021和Stagni机理中，NH2生成H2NO的比例分别为14.6%和14.3%，可见在低温点火过程中H2NO是影响点火延迟时间的关键组分，这与文献[10,26]结论一致。
表7为路径通量中各反应所占比例，在Mei机理中，90%的H2NO主要通过反应NH2+HO2=H2NO+OH生成，NH2+O2=H2NO+O、NH2+NO2=H2NO+NO生成的H2NO分别只有7%以及3%。H2NO通过反应H2NO+OH=HNO+H2O（43%）、H2NO+HO2=HNO+H2O2（22%）生成HNO，HNO通过HNO(+M)=NO+H(+M)进一步生成NO。
对于Mei-2021和Stagni机理，反应路径基本没有改变，但是不同反应所占比例有所变化。表8列出了所涉及反应的化学反应速率常数的来源，由表8可以看出，不同机理中正是因为同一反应采用不同的化学反应速率常数，使得相同反应路径涉及该反应的通量占比不同。
3　结论
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本文采用7种机理研究了初始温度、压力、氧体积分数对氨燃烧特性的影响。随着气体初始温度的增加，氨层流火焰传播速度提高，温度从298 K升高到473 K，层流火焰传播速度峰值增至原来2.46倍。各温度下Mei-2021机理预测层流火焰传播速度最好。H+O2=O+OH对层流火焰传播速度的提高影响最大。NH2+NO=NNH+OH、NH2+NO=H2O+N2的分支比对层流火焰传播速度非常敏感。NH2+O=HNO+H表现负敏感性系数，不利于提高层流火焰速度。随着气体初始温度的增加，点火延迟时间降低。气体初始温度的增加有利于氨燃烧。
随着压力的增加，氨燃烧层流火焰传播速度降低，压力从1×105 Pa提高至5×105 Pa，层流火焰传播速度峰值降低至常压的0.6倍。H+O2=O+OH的正敏感性系数最大，NH2+NO=NNH+OH有利于层流火焰传播速度的增加，而NH2+NO=H2O+N2则不利于层流火焰传播速度的增加。反应H+O2(+M)=HO2(+M)、NH3=H+NH2、HNO=H+NO及NH2+HO2=NH3+O2在高压下表现出高敏感性，具有重要作用。随着压力的增加，点火延迟时间显著降低，温度为1 900 K时，压力从1.4×105 Pa增至11×105 Pa，点火延迟时间降低了83.7%。高压下，NH2生成H2NO的反应路径占比较高，H2NO在低温点火时是影响点火延迟时间的重要中间组分。压力的增加有利于点火但不利于火焰传播。
随着O2体积分数的增大，层流火焰传播速度增大，O2体积分数从30%增加至35%，层流火焰传播速度峰值由20.26 cm/s增加到27.85 cm/s，且层流火焰传播速度峰值向稀燃方向移动。H+O2= O+OH是层流火焰传播速度最重要的限速分支反应。在稀燃混合气中，HNO和NiHi的反应表现出较高的敏感性系数。
基金
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  • 国家留学基金管理委员会2021年青年骨干教师出国研修项目(202106425006)
文献
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202504061
  • 接收时间：2025-04-14
  • 首发时间：2026-03-05
  • 出版时间：2025-08-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-14
基金
2021 Young Backbone Teachers’ Overseas Training Program of the China Scholarship Council(202106425006)
国家留学基金管理委员会2021年青年骨干教师出国研修项目(202106425006)
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    1.中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院，江苏　徐州　221116
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
    3.深能库尔勒发电有限公司，新疆　库尔勒　841000
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202504061
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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