Article(id=1236372359159010086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741795200000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772703741110, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772703741110, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772703741110, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772703741110, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236372356109751006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772703740384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772788131769, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236726319342481872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236726319342481873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=13, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236372359523914559, articleId=1236372359159010086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research progress on ammonia-blended natural gas combustion, columnId=1236372356864725728, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Technical research progress of green ammonia co-firing, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The technology of co-firing ammonia with natural gas has become a global research focus due to its significant potential in reducing carbon emissions. During the combustion process, ammonia faces challenges such as difficulty in ignition, slow flame propagation speed, and susceptibility to blow-off. The addition of natural gas can significantly improve these combustion characteristics, thereby promoting the widespread application of ammonia fuel and opening up new avenues for the development of clean energy. Firstly, the application potential of natural gas-ammonia co-firing technology is evaluated from the perspectives of technical and economic feasibility, and its positive significance in the energy transition process is analyzed. Then, drawing on research findings at the reaction kinetics level, the chemical reaction mechanisms of ammonia and natural gas co-firing are elucidated. On this basis, the latest domestic and international research progress in this field is reviewed, covering experimental studies, numerical simulations, and low-NOx stable combustion control strategies. It is pointed out that significant discrepancies still exist among different mechanism models in terms of simulation accuracy and experimental prediction universality. Future research needs to combine multi-scale simulations to develop more adaptable ammonia combustion prediction models that can balance accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the challenges encountered in the practical application of natural gas-ammonia co-firing technology are summarized, and future research directions are proposed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the in-depth development of this technology.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bin ZHANG, Guanglei WANG, Saibei LUO, Yilin PAN, Hai ZHANG, Xudong GAO, Weidong FAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236372363089072189, articleId=1236372359159010086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=天然气掺氨燃烧研究进展, columnId=1236372357019914979, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=绿氨掺烧技术研究进展, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

天然气掺氨燃烧技术凭借在降低碳排放方面的巨大潜力,已成为全球研究焦点。氨在燃烧过程中存在着火困难、火焰传播速度缓慢以及易被吹熄等诸多问题,而天然气的掺入能够显著改善这些问题,也推动了氨燃料的广泛应用,为清洁能源的开发开辟了新途径。首先从技术可行性与经济可行性方面对天然气掺氨燃烧技术的应用潜力进行评估,分析其在能源转型进程中的积极意义。接着,借助反应动力学的研究成果,分析了氨与天然气掺混燃烧的化学反应机理。在此基础上,从实验研究、数值模拟以及低氮稳燃控制策略等方面,综述了国内外在该领域的最新研究动态,指出目前不同机理模型在模拟以及实验预测普适性方面仍存在显著差异,未来需结合跨尺度模拟发展能够兼顾精度与效率以及适应性更强的氨燃烧预测模型。最后,归纳了天然气掺氨燃烧技术在实际应用中遭遇的挑战,并指出未来的研究方向,旨在为这一技术的深入发展提供理论依据与实践指引。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张海(1987),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为燃料高效清洁低碳利用理论与技术,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Vgd0/M1K4CW+jjqFGaygFA==, magXml=LrFfKrUMqudv45jRvjAyTQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=kZRYkFQteCOfMK4/hM+IAw==, pdfFileSize=1872283, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=W8vAioYe+t2VJVuov50MuA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=FDIN4jzAlgvCRajKIcyxqQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张斌(1970),男,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤高效清洁利用技术,

, authorsList=张斌, 王光磊, 罗赛贝, 潘亦璘, 张海, 高绪栋, 范卫东)}, authors=[Author(id=1236372363567222885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangbin12@spic.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372363676274802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372363567222885, language=EN, stringName=Bin ZHANG, firstName=Bin, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372363768549501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372363567222885, language=CN, stringName=张斌, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013, bio={"content":"

张斌(1970),男,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤高效清洁利用技术,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张斌(1970),男,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤高效清洁利用技术,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363319758921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363332341835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363361701967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013)])]), Author(id=1236372363877601417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372363986653329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372363877601417, language=EN, stringName=Guanglei WANG, firstName=Guanglei, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364112482466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372363877601417, language=CN, stringName=王光磊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363319758921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363332341835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363361701967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013)])]), Author(id=1236372364200562856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364305420466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372364200562856, language=EN, stringName=Saibei LUO, firstName=Saibei, middleName=null, lastName=LUO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364439638204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372364200562856, language=CN, stringName=罗赛贝, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363466559577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363470753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363479142491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1236372364515135683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364615798985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372364515135683, language=EN, stringName=Yilin PAN, firstName=Yilin, middleName=null, lastName=PAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364674519247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372364515135683, language=CN, stringName=潘亦璘, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363466559577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363470753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363479142491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1236372364779376859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhanghai@sjtu.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364871651557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372364779376859, language=EN, stringName=Hai ZHANG, firstName=Hai, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372364976509166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372364779376859, language=CN, stringName=张海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363466559577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363470753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363479142491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])]), Author(id=1236372365072978170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372365190418687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372365072978170, language=EN, stringName=Xudong GAO, firstName=Xudong, middleName=null, lastName=GAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372365286887684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372365072978170, language=CN, stringName=高绪栋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363319758921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363332341835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363361701967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013)])]), Author(id=1236372365391745296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236372365500797206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372365391745296, language=EN, stringName=Weidong FAN, firstName=Weidong, middleName=null, lastName=FAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236372365584683289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, authorId=1236372365391745296, language=CN, stringName=范卫东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363466559577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363470753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363479142491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236372365777621284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=ammonia-blended natural gas combustion technology), Keyword(id=1236372365865701673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=reaction mechanism), Keyword(id=1236372365966364973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=numerical simulation), Keyword(id=1236372366046056757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=low-nitrogen stable combustion control), Keyword(id=1236372366142525757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=天然气掺氨燃烧技术), Keyword(id=1236372366243189061, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=反应机理), Keyword(id=1236372366389989707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=数值仿真), Keyword(id=1236372366490653010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=低氮稳燃控制)], refs=[Reference(id=1236372370651402775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=7, pageStart=24, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=王智化, 余作超, 陈晨霖, journalName=华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=王智化, 余作超, 陈晨霖, 等. 新型零碳氨燃料的燃烧特性研究进展[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(7): 24-40., articleTitle=新型零碳氨燃料的燃烧特性研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372370752066079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=7, pageStart=24, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=WANG Zhihua, YU Zuochao, CHEN Chenlin, journalName=Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhihua, YU Zuochao, CHEN Chenlin, et al. Research progress on combustion characteristics of new zero carbon ammonia fuel[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(7): 24-40., articleTitle=Research progress on combustion characteristics of new zero carbon ammonia fuel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372370865312293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1988, volume=13, issue=12, pageStart=761, pageEnd=773, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=AVERY W H, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AVERY W H. A role for ammonia in the hydrogen economy[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1988, 13(12): 761-773., articleTitle=A role for ammonia in the hydrogen economy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372370974364204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=3, authorNames=BRANDHORST H, TATARCHUK B, CAHELA D, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRANDHORST H, TATARCHUK B, CAHELA D, et al. Ammonia: it’s transformation and effective utilization[EB/OL]. (2020-12-11)[2021-10-12]. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5610., articleTitle=Ammonia: it’s transformation and effective utilization, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371070833201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=4432, pageEnd=4446, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=YANG P, YU L, WANG F, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG P, YU L, WANG F, et al. Application prospect, challenge and development of ammonia energy storage in new power system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023(12): 4432-4446., articleTitle=Application prospect, challenge and development of ammonia energy storage in new power system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371163107895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=324, pageEnd=331, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=吕强, 王儒儒, 李长兴, journalName=节能技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吕强, 王儒儒, 李长兴, 等. 燃煤锅炉掺氨燃烧研究进展[J]. 节能技术, 2023, 41(4): 324-331., articleTitle=燃煤锅炉掺氨燃烧研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371251188284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=41, issue=4, pageStart=324, pageEnd=331, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=6, authorNames=LYU Qiang, WANG Ruru, LI Changxing, journalName=Energy Conservation Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LYU Qiang, WANG Ruru, LI Changxing, et al. Research progress on co-firing ammonia in coal-fired boiler[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2023, 41(4): 324-331., articleTitle=Research progress on co-firing ammonia in coal-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371393794624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=7, authorNames=International Energy Agency, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=International Energy Agency. World energy outlook 2020[R/OL]. (2020-10-01)[2024-12-12]. https://www.iea.org/events/world-energy-outlook-2020., articleTitle=World energy outlook 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371481875014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=8, authorNames=何建坤, 解振华, 李政, journalName=中国人口·资源与环境, refType=null, unstructuredReference=何建坤, 解振华, 李政, 等. 中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(11): 1-25., articleTitle=中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371574149706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=30, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=25, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=9, authorNames=HE Jiankun, XIE Zhenhua, LI Zheng, journalName=Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE Jiankun, XIE Zhenhua, LI Zheng, et al. Research on China’s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transition paths[J]. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(11): 1-25., articleTitle=Research on China’s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transition paths, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371695784526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=71, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=10, authorNames=王坤, 吴莹, 张兴嘉, journalName=能源工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王坤, 吴莹, 张兴嘉, 等. 省域天然气发电成本模型及敏感性分析[J]. 能源工程, 2023, 43(5): 71-78., articleTitle=省域天然气发电成本模型及敏感性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371788059219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=5, pageStart=71, pageEnd=78, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=11, authorNames=WANG Kun, WU Ying, ZHANG Xingjia, journalName=Energy Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Kun, WU Ying, ZHANG Xingjia, et al. Provincial natural gas power generation cost modeling and sensitivity analysis[J]. Energy Engineering, 2023, 43(5): 71-78., articleTitle=Provincial natural gas power generation cost modeling and sensitivity analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371905499736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=12, authorNames=金投网, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=金投网. 今日天然气价格[EB/OL]. (2024-03-05) [2024-12-12]. https://www.cngold.org/tianranqi/c9191714.html., articleTitle=今日天然气价格, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372371980997210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=13, authorNames=Gold Investment, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Gold Investment. Today’s natural gas prices[EB/OL]. (2024-03-05) [2024-12-12]. https://www.cngold.org/tianranqi/c9191714.html., articleTitle=Today’s natural gas prices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372123603554, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=11, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=14, authorNames=中国国家标准化管理委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国国家标准化管理委员会. 天然气标准: GB 17820—2018. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018: 11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372194906728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=11, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=15, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Standardization Administration of China (SAC). Natural gas standards: GB 17820—2018[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2018: 11., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372266209904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=16, authorNames=雍瑞生, 杨川箬, 薛明, journalName=中国工程科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=雍瑞生, 杨川箬, 薛明, 等. 氨能应用现状与前景展望[J]. 中国工程科学, 2023, 25(2): 111-121., articleTitle=氨能应用现状与前景展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372345901681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=25, issue=2, pageStart=111, pageEnd=121, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=17, authorNames=YONG Ruisheng, YANG Chuanruo, XUE Ming, journalName=Strategic Study of CAE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YONG Ruisheng, YANG Chuanruo, XUE Ming, et al. Current status and prospect of ammonia energy application[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2023, 25(2): 111-121., articleTitle=Current status and prospect of ammonia energy application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372517868149, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2, issue=6, pageStart=1055, pageEnd=1074, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=18, authorNames=WANG L, XIA M K, WANG H, journalName=Joule, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG L, XIA M K, WANG H, et al. Greening ammonia toward the solar ammonia refinery[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(6): 1055-1074., articleTitle=Greening ammonia toward the solar ammonia refinery, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372660474490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=376, pageEnd=389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=19, authorNames=曾悦, 王月, 张学瑞, journalName=化工进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾悦, 王月, 张学瑞, 等. 可再生能源合成绿氨研究进展及氢-氨储运经济性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 376-389., articleTitle=可再生能源合成绿氨研究进展及氢-氨储运经济性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372748554877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=376, pageEnd=389, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=20, authorNames=ZENG Yue, WANG Yue, ZHANG Xuerui, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Yue, WANG Yue, ZHANG Xuerui, et al. Progress of green ammonia synthesis from renewable energy sources and economic analysis of hydrogen-ammonia storage and transportation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 376-389., articleTitle=Progress of green ammonia synthesis from renewable energy sources and economic analysis of hydrogen-ammonia storage and transportation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372828246656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=21, authorNames=王明华, journalName=现代化工, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王明华. 不同应用场景下新能源制氢合成绿氨经济性分析[J]. 现代化工, 2023, 43(11): 1-4., articleTitle=不同应用场景下新能源制氢合成绿氨经济性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372924715652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=22, authorNames=WANG Minghua, journalName=Modern Chemical Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Minghua. Economic analysis of green ammonia synthesis from new energy to hydrogen under different application scenarios[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2023, 43(11): 1-4., articleTitle=Economic analysis of green ammonia synthesis from new energy to hydrogen under different application scenarios, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372372987630214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=7, issue=12, pageStart=1688, pageEnd=1691, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=23, authorNames=LI L, FU X, journalName=Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI L, FU X. An ammonia-hydrogen energy roadmap for carbon neutrality: opportunity and challenges in China[J]. Engineering, 2021, 7(12): 1688-1691., articleTitle=An ammonia-hydrogen energy roadmap for carbon neutrality: opportunity and challenges in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373092487820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=24, authorNames=国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所. 碳达峰、碳中和目标下中国天然气发电产业发展研究[R]. 北京: 国家发展和改革委员会, 2022: 1., articleTitle=碳达峰、碳中和目标下中国天然气发电产业发展研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373176373902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=25, authorNames=Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission. Study on the development of China’s natural gas power generation industry under the targets of peak carbon achievement and carbon neutrality[R]. Beijing: National Development and Reform Commission, 2022: 1., articleTitle=Study on the development of China’s natural gas power generation industry under the targets of peak carbon achievement and carbon neutrality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373272842898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=26, authorNames=国家能源局, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家能源局. 中国天然气发展报告(2023)[EB/OL]. (2023-07-21)[2024-12-12]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/2023-07/21/c_1310733569.html., articleTitle=中国天然气发展报告(2023), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373348340374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=27, authorNames=National Energy Administration, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Energy Administration. China natural gas development report (2023)[EB/OL]. (2023-07-21) [2024-12-12]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/2023-07/21/c_1310733569.html., articleTitle=China natural gas development report (2023), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373423837849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=194, pageEnd=202, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=28, authorNames=王震, 孔盈皓, 李伟, journalName=天然气工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王震, 孔盈皓, 李伟. “碳中和”背景下中国天然气产业发展综述[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8): 194-202., articleTitle=“碳中和”背景下中国天然气产业发展综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373490946716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=8, pageStart=194, pageEnd=202, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=29, authorNames=WANG Zhen, KONG Yinghao, LI Wei, journalName=Natural Gas Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhen, KONG Yinghao, LI Wei. An overview of the development of Chinese natural gas industry in the context of “Carbon Neutrality”[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(8): 194-202., articleTitle=An overview of the development of Chinese natural gas industry in the context of “Carbon Neutrality”, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373583221407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=55, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=焊管, refType=null, unstructuredReference=国家管网集团规划建设“五纵五横”天然气干线网络[J]. 焊管, 2021, 44(5): 55., articleTitle=国家管网集团规划建设“五纵五横”天然气干线网络, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373646135969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=44, issue=5, pageStart=55, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=null, journalName=Welded Pipe and Tube, refType=null, unstructuredReference=National Pipe Network Group plans to build “five vertical and five horizontal” natural gas trunk line network[J]. Welded Pipe and Tube, 2021, 44(5): 55., articleTitle=National Pipe Network Group plans to build “five vertical and five horizontal” natural gas trunk line network, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373700661923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=21, issue=6, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=32, authorNames=李续, 宁一麟, 邹鹏, journalName=能源科技, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李续, 宁一麟, 邹鹏, 等. “双碳”目标下燃气电厂天然气混氨技术研究进展[J]. 能源科技, 2023, 21(6): 41-45., articleTitle=“双碳”目标下燃气电厂天然气混氨技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373780353702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=21, issue=6, pageStart=41, pageEnd=45, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LI Xu, NING Yilin, ZOU Peng, journalName=Energy Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xu, NING Yilin, ZOU Peng, et al. Progress of natural gas blended ammonia technology for gas-fired power plants under the target of “Double Carbon”[J]. Energy Science and Technology, 2023, 21(6): 41-45., articleTitle=Progress of natural gas blended ammonia technology for gas-fired power plants under the target of “Double Carbon”, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372373885211308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=林元书, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=林元书. 直喷氨SCR技术在燃气蒸汽联合循环发电机组上的应用[D]. 保定: 华北电力大学, 2019: 1., articleTitle=直喷氨SCR技术在燃气蒸汽联合循环发电机组上的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374002651824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=LIN Yuanshu, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIN Yuanshu. SCR technology on gas-fired steam combined cycle generating units[D]. Baoding: North China Electric Power University, 2019: 1., articleTitle=SCR technology on gas-fired steam combined cycle generating units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374086537909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=241, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=ARIEMMA G B, SORRENTINO G, RAGUCCI R, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ARIEMMA G B, SORRENTINO G, RAGUCCI R, et al. Ammonia/methane combustion: stability and NOx emissions[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 241:112071., articleTitle=Ammonia/methane combustion: stability and NOx emissions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374183006902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=null, pageStart=109, pageEnd=133, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=KOBAYASHI H, HAYAKAWA A, SOMARATHNE K D, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KOBAYASHI H, HAYAKAWA A, SOMARATHNE K D, et al. Science and technology of ammonia combustion[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37: 109-133., articleTitle=Science and technology of ammonia combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374258504376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=null, pageStart=4597, pageEnd=4606, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=38, authorNames=OKAFOR E, SOMARATHNE K D, HAYAKAWA A, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKAFOR E, SOMARATHNE K D, HAYAKAWA A, et al. Towards the development of an efficient low-NOx ammonia combustor for a micro gas turbine[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37: 4597-4606., articleTitle=Towards the development of an efficient low-NOx ammonia combustor for a micro gas turbine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374396916412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1989, volume=15, issue=null, pageStart=287, pageEnd=338, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=39, authorNames=MILLER J, BOWMAN C, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MILLER J, BOWMAN C. Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1989, 15: 287-338., articleTitle=Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374510162623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1994, volume=99, issue=null, pageStart=253, pageEnd=276, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=LINDSTEDT R P, LOCKWOOD F C, SELIM M, journalName=Combustion Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LINDSTEDT R P, LOCKWOOD F C, SELIM M. Detailed kinetic modelling of chemistry and temperature effects on ammonia oxidation[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 1994, 99: 253-276., articleTitle=Detailed kinetic modelling of chemistry and temperature effects on ammonia oxidation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374615020226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=152, issue=null, pageStart=23, pageEnd=37, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=41, authorNames=KONNOVA A, RUYCK S, journalName=Combustion Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KONNOVA A, RUYCK S. Kinetic modeling of the thermal decomposition of ammonia[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 2000, 152: 23-37., articleTitle=Kinetic modeling of the thermal decomposition of ammonia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374673740485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=37, issue=null, pageStart=15393, pageEnd=15405, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=42, authorNames=MATHIEU O, LEVACQUE A, PETERSEN E, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATHIEU O, LEVACQUE A, PETERSEN E. Effects of N2O addition on the ignition of H2O2 mixtures: experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37: 15393-15405., articleTitle=Effects of N2O addition on the ignition of H2O2 mixtures: experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374753432264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=162, issue=null, pageStart=554, pageEnd=570, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=43, authorNames=MATHIEU O, PETERSEN E, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MATHIEU O, PETERSEN E. Experimental and modeling study on the high-temperature oxidation of ammonia and related NOx chemistry[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162: 554-570., articleTitle=Experimental and modeling study on the high-temperature oxidation of ammonia and related NOx chemistry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374896038603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=null, pageStart=31, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=44, authorNames=GLARBORG P, MILLER J A, RUSCIC B, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GLARBORG P, MILLER J A, RUSCIC B, et al. Modeling nitrogen chemistry in combustion[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 67: 31-68., articleTitle=Modeling nitrogen chemistry in combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372374958953165, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=32, issue=null, pageStart=10202, pageEnd=10217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=45, authorNames=SHRESTHA K, SEIDEL L, ZEUCH T, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHRESTHA K, SEIDEL L, ZEUCH T, et al. Detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of ammonia including the formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32: 10202-10217., articleTitle=Detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of ammonia including the formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375034450640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=257, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=46, authorNames=LI R, KONNOV A, HE G, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI R, KONNOV A, HE G, et al. Chemical mechanism development and reduction for combustion of NH3/H2/ CH4 mixtures[J]. Fuel, 2019, 257: 116059., articleTitle=Chemical mechanism development and reduction for combustion of NH3/H2/ CH4 mixtures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375135113939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=185, pageEnd=198, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=47, authorNames=OKAFOR E, NAITO Y, COLSON S, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKAFOR E, NAITO Y, COLSON S, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the laminar burning velocity of CH4-NH3-air premixed flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2018, 187: 185-198., articleTitle=Experimental and numerical study of the laminar burning velocity of CH4-NH3-air premixed flames, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375223194326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=204, issue=null, pageStart=162, pageEnd=175, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=48, authorNames=OKAFOR E, NAITO Y, COLSON S, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OKAFOR E, NAITO Y, COLSON S, et al. Measurement and modelling of the laminar burning velocity of methane-ammonia-air flames at high pressures using a reduced reaction mechanism[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2019, 204: 162-175., articleTitle=Measurement and modelling of the laminar burning velocity of methane-ammonia-air flames at high pressures using a reduced reaction mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375319663320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=117, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[35], rfOrder=49, authorNames=CHEN P, LI X, WANG H, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P, LI X, WANG H, et al. Study on fuel-N conversion mechanism of ammonia-coal co-firing at different combustion stages[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2024, 117: 101829., articleTitle=Study on fuel-N conversion mechanism of ammonia-coal co-firing at different combustion stages, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375458075355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=270, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[36], rfOrder=50, authorNames=LIU J, LIU D, DAI L, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU J, LIU D, DAI L, et al. The effects of C/N cross-reactions on the NH3/C3H8 combustion: a shock-tube and modeling study[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2024, 270: 113716., articleTitle=The effects of C/N cross-reactions on the NH3/C3H8 combustion: a shock-tube and modeling study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375541961437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[37], rfOrder=51, authorNames=SZANTHOFFER A, ZSÉLY I, KAWKA L, journalName=Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SZANTHOFFER A, ZSÉLY I, KAWKA L, et al. Testing of NH3/H2 and NH3/syngas combustion mechanisms using a large amount of experimental data[J]. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2023, 14: 100127., articleTitle=Testing of NH3/H2 and NH3/syngas combustion mechanisms using a large amount of experimental data, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375596487390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=80, issue=null, pageStart=743, pageEnd=753, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[38], rfOrder=52, authorNames=DIAO S, LI H, YU M, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DIAO S, LI H, YU M. Atomic insights into the combustion mechanism of DME/NH3 mixtures: a combined ReaxFF-MD and DFT study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 80: 743-753., articleTitle=Atomic insights into the combustion mechanism of DME/NH3 mixtures: a combined ReaxFF-MD and DFT study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375676179168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=331, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[39], rfOrder=53, authorNames=ZHAO Z, ZHANG Z, ZHA X, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Z, ZHANG Z, ZHA X, et al. Fuel-NO formation mechanism in MILD-oxy combustion of CH4/NH3 fuel blend[J]. Fuel, 2023, 331: 125817., articleTitle=Fuel-NO formation mechanism in MILD-oxy combustion of CH4/NH3 fuel blend, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375751676642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=85, issue=null, pageStart=228, pageEnd=241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[40], rfOrder=54, authorNames=ZHU W, ZHANG M, ZHANG X, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU W, ZHANG M, ZHANG X, et al. A comprehensive kinetic modeling study on NH3/H2, NH3/CO and NH3/CH4 blended fuels[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 85: 228-241., articleTitle=A comprehensive kinetic modeling study on NH3/H2, NH3/CO and NH3/CH4 blended fuels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375843951332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=5, issue=null, pageStart=484, pageEnd=496, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[41], rfOrder=55, authorNames=KHADE A, DAMODARA V, CHEN D, journalName=Clean Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHADE A, DAMODARA V, CHEN D. Reduced mechanism for combustion of ammonia and natural gas mixtures[J]. Clean Technology, 2023, 5: 484-496., articleTitle=Reduced mechanism for combustion of ammonia and natural gas mixtures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375919448806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=114, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[42], rfOrder=56, authorNames=KHATEEB A, GUIBERTI T, ZHU X, journalName=Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KHATEEB A, GUIBERTI T, ZHU X, et al. Stability limits and exhaust NO performances of ammonia-methane-air swirl flames[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2024, 114: 110058., articleTitle=Stability limits and exhaust NO performances of ammonia-methane-air swirl flames, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372375986557672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=248, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[43], rfOrder=57, authorNames=WANG G, HUANG L, TU H, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG G, HUANG L, TU H, et al. Stable lean co-combustion of ammonia/methane with air in a porous burner[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 248: 123092., articleTitle=Stable lean co-combustion of ammonia/methane with air in a porous burner, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376158524139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=363, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[44], rfOrder=58, authorNames=MASOUMI S, ASHJAEE M, HOUSHFAR E, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MASOUMI S, ASHJAEE M, HOUSHFAR E. Laminar flame stability analysis of ammonia-methane and ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel combustion[J]. Fuel, 2024, 363: 131041., articleTitle=Laminar flame stability analysis of ammonia-methane and ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376259187437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=341, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[45], rfOrder=59, authorNames=FÜZESI D, WANG S, JÓZSA V, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FÜZESI D, WANG S, JÓZSA V, et al. Ammonia-methane combustion in a swirl burner: experimental analysis and numerical modeling with flamelet generated manifold model[J]. Fuel, 2023, 341: 127403., articleTitle=Ammonia-methane combustion in a swirl burner: experimental analysis and numerical modeling with flamelet generated manifold model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376330490607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=242, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[46], rfOrder=60, authorNames=DAI H, WANG J, CAI X, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI H, WANG J, CAI X, et al. Measurement and scaling of turbulent burning velocity of ammonia/methane/air propagating spherical flames at elevated pressure[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 242: 112183., articleTitle=Measurement and scaling of turbulent burning velocity of ammonia/methane/air propagating spherical flames at elevated pressure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376481485553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=365, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[47], rfOrder=61, authorNames=ZHOU J, TIAN J, ZHANG X, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU J, TIAN J, ZHANG X, et al. Investigation of the ammonia-methane-air laminar burning characteristics at high temperatures and pressures[J]. Fuel, 2024, 365: 130987., articleTitle=Investigation of the ammonia-methane-air laminar burning characteristics at high temperatures and pressures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376552788723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=108, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[48], rfOrder=62, authorNames=ILBAS M, KUMUK O, ALABAS B, journalName=Journal of the Energy Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ILBAS M, KUMUK O, ALABAS B. Experimental investigation of the combustion instability behaviors and NOx emissions in an ammonia/methane fueled low eddy premixed burner[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023, 108: 101241., articleTitle=Experimental investigation of the combustion instability behaviors and NOx emissions in an ammonia/methane fueled low eddy premixed burner, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376624091893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=358, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[49], rfOrder=63, authorNames=UDDEEN K, TANG Q, SHI H, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=UDDEEN K, TANG Q, SHI H, et al. Performance and emission analysis of ammonia-ethanol and ammonia-methane dual-fuel combustion in a spark-ignition engine: an optical study[J]. Fuel, 2024, 358: 130296., articleTitle=Performance and emission analysis of ammonia-ethanol and ammonia-methane dual-fuel combustion in a spark-ignition engine: an optical study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376733143799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=49, issue=null, pageStart=1399, pageEnd=1415, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[50], rfOrder=64, authorNames=BASTANI M, TABEJAMAAT S, ASHINI H, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BASTANI M, TABEJAMAAT S, ASHINI H. Numerical and experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia/methane fuel mixture in micro gas turbine combustor[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 49: 1399-1415., articleTitle=Numerical and experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia/methane fuel mixture in micro gas turbine combustor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376858972921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=1598, pageEnd=1604, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=65, authorNames=刘文锋, 帅瑞洋, 王平, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文锋, 帅瑞洋, 王平, 等. 湍流旋流氨气-甲烷预混火焰燃烧特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2024, 45(6): 1598-1604., articleTitle=湍流旋流氨气-甲烷预混火焰燃烧特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376909304571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=1598, pageEnd=1604, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[51], rfOrder=66, authorNames=LIU Wenfeng, SHUAI Ruiyang, WANG Ping, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Wenfeng, SHUAI Ruiyang, WANG Ping, et al. Combustion characterization of a turbulent cyclone ammonia-methane premixed flame[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2024, 45(6): 1598-1604., articleTitle=Combustion characterization of a turbulent cyclone ammonia-methane premixed flame, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372376980607741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=2234, pageEnd=2241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=67, authorNames=孙锦国, 黄骞, 张易阳, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙锦国, 黄骞, 张易阳, 等. 滑动弧辅助甲烷/氨旋流火焰的稳燃和排放特性[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(8): 2234-2241., articleTitle=滑动弧辅助甲烷/氨旋流火焰的稳燃和排放特性, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377060299519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=2234, pageEnd=2241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[52], rfOrder=68, authorNames=SUN Jinguo, HUANG Qian, ZHANG Yiyang, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Jinguo, HUANG Qian, ZHANG Yiyang, et al. Steady combustion and emission characteristics of sliding arc-assisted methane/ammonia cyclone flame[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(8): 2234-2241., articleTitle=Steady combustion and emission characteristics of sliding arc-assisted methane/ammonia cyclone flame, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377123214081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=517, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=69, authorNames=吉龙娟, 王金华, 胡光亚, journalName=燃烧科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吉龙娟, 王金华, 胡光亚, 等. CH4/NH3/空气预混稀燃火焰结构及吹熄特性实验研究[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2023, 29(5): 517-526., articleTitle=CH4/NH3/空气预混稀燃火焰结构及吹熄特性实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377194517251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=517, pageEnd=526, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[53], rfOrder=70, authorNames=JI Longjuan, WANG Jinhua, HU Guangya, journalName=Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI Longjuan, WANG Jinhua, HU Guangya, et al. Experimental study on flame structure and blowout characteristics of CH4/NH3/air premixed dilute combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2023, 29(5): 517-526., articleTitle=Experimental study on flame structure and blowout characteristics of CH4/NH3/air premixed dilute combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377261626117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=1108, pageEnd=1115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=71, authorNames=卫旭涛, 王金华, 张猛, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=卫旭涛, 王金华, 张猛, 等. 氨气/甲烷旋流火焰结构及NOx排放规律研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(4): 1108-1115., articleTitle=氨气/甲烷旋流火焰结构及NOx排放规律研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377328734983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=4, pageStart=1108, pageEnd=1115, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=72, authorNames=WEI Xutao, WANG Jinhua, ZHANG Meng, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Xutao, WANG Jinhua, ZHANG Meng, et al. Study on the structure of ammonia/methane cyclone flame and NOx emission pattern[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(4): 1108-1115., articleTitle=Study on the structure of ammonia/methane cyclone flame and NOx emission pattern, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377408426760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=354, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=73, authorNames=GUO Y, SHI H, LIU H, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Y, SHI H, LIU H, et al. Reactive molecular dynamics simulation and chemical kinetic modeling of ammonia/methane co-combustion[J]. Fuel, 2023, 354: 129341., articleTitle=Reactive molecular dynamics simulation and chemical kinetic modeling of ammonia/methane co-combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377475535626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=256, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[56], rfOrder=74, authorNames=WANG J, HUANG F, WANG X, journalName=Fuel Processing Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG J, HUANG F, WANG X, et al. Role of methane in ammonia combustion in air: from microscale to macroscale[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2024, 256: 108075., articleTitle=Role of methane in ammonia combustion in air: from microscale to macroscale, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377538450188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=46, issue=null, pageStart=23548, pageEnd=23563, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[57], rfOrder=75, authorNames=MIKULČIĆ H, BALETA J, WANG X, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MIKULČIĆ H, BALETA J, WANG X, et al. Numerical simulation of ammonia/methane/air combustion using reduced chemical kinetics models[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46: 23548-23563., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of ammonia/methane/air combustion using reduced chemical kinetics models, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377639113485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=366, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[58], rfOrder=76, authorNames=TOLOUEI A, GHAREHGHANI A, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TOLOUEI A, GHAREHGHANI A. Numerical investigation of premixed methane-ammonia combustion in a mesoscale porous combustor[J]. Fuel, 2024, 366: 131427., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of premixed methane-ammonia combustion in a mesoscale porous combustor, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377710416656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=327, issue=null, pageStart=12489, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[59], rfOrder=77, authorNames=SUN J, YANG Q, ZHAO N, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN J, YANG Q, ZHAO N, et al. Numerically study of CH4/NH3 combustion characteristics in an industrial gas turbine combustor based on a reduced mechanism[J]. Fuel, 2022, 327: 12489., articleTitle=Numerically study of CH4/NH3 combustion characteristics in an industrial gas turbine combustor based on a reduced mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377773331216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=140, issue=null, pageStart=125, pageEnd=135, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[60], rfOrder=78, authorNames=XIAO H, VALERA-MEDINA A, BOWEN P, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO H, VALERA-MEDINA A, BOWEN P. Study on premixed combustion characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels[J]. Energy, 2017, 140: 125-135., articleTitle=Study on premixed combustion characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377861411603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=48, issue=99, pageStart=39586, pageEnd=39598, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[61], rfOrder=79, authorNames=BAYRAMOĞLU K, BAHLEKEH A, MASERA K, journalName=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAYRAMOĞLU K, BAHLEKEH A, MASERA K. Numerical investigation of the hydrogen, ammonia and methane fuel blends on the combustion emissions and performance[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(99): 39586-39598., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of the hydrogen, ammonia and methane fuel blends on the combustion emissions and performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377928520469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=162, issue=4, pageStart=1294, pageEnd=1303, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[62], rfOrder=80, authorNames=BARBAS M, COSTA M, VRANCKX S, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARBAS M, COSTA M, VRANCKX S. Experimental and chemical kinetic study of CO and NO formation in oxy-methane premixed laminar flames doped with NH3[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(4): 1294-1303., articleTitle=Experimental and chemical kinetic study of CO and NO formation in oxy-methane premixed laminar flames doped with NH3, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372377987240726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=14521, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[63], rfOrder=81, authorNames=WANG Y, LIU J, WANG L, journalName=Heliyon, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Y, LIU J, WANG L, et al. Non-premixed combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fueled by methane and ammonia at various heat loads[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9: 14521., articleTitle=Non-premixed combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fueled by methane and ammonia at various heat loads, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378045960984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=82, authorNames=季然, 韩昕璐, 朱润凡, journalName=能源工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=季然, 韩昕璐, 朱润凡, 等. 含硫天然气与氨气的层流火焰速度测量与反应动力学研究[J]. 能源工程, 2021(5): 1-4., articleTitle=含硫天然气与氨气的层流火焰速度测量与反应动力学研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378096292634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=1, pageEnd=4, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[64], rfOrder=83, authorNames=JI Ran, HAN Xinlu, ZHU Runfan, journalName=Energy Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI Ran, HAN Xinlu, ZHU Runfan, et al. Measurement of laminar flame velocity and reaction kinetics of sulfur-containing natural gas and ammonia[J]. Energy Engineering, 2021(5): 1-4., articleTitle=Measurement of laminar flame velocity and reaction kinetics of sulfur-containing natural gas and ammonia, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378175984412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=5, pageStart=1826, pageEnd=1838, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=84, authorNames=张文举, 宋旭东, 吴润民, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张文举, 宋旭东, 吴润民, 等. 掺氨甲烷火焰自由基化学发光燃烧特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(5): 1826-1838., articleTitle=掺氨甲烷火焰自由基化学发光燃烧特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378243093278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=5, pageStart=1826, pageEnd=1838, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[65], rfOrder=85, authorNames=ZHANG Wenju, SONG Xudong, WU Runmin, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Wenju, SONG Xudong, WU Runmin, et al. Characterization of ammonia-doped methane flame free radical chemilumine scence combustion[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(5): 1826-1838., articleTitle=Characterization of ammonia-doped methane flame free radical chemilumine scence combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378347950880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=1542, pageEnd=1550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=86, authorNames=匡玉成, 王亚飞, 韩大伟, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=匡玉成, 王亚飞, 韩大伟, 等. 过量空气系数和氨气浓度对CH4/NH3MILD燃烧特性的数值研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(4): 1542-1550., articleTitle=过量空气系数和氨气浓度对CH4/NH3MILD燃烧特性的数值研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378415059746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=45, issue=4, pageStart=1542, pageEnd=1550, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[66], rfOrder=87, authorNames=KUANG Yucheng, WANG Yafei, HAN Dawei, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KUANG Yucheng, WANG Yafei, HAN Dawei, et al. Numerical study on the combustion characteristics of CH4/NH3 MILD by excess air factor and ammonia concentration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(4): 1542-1550., articleTitle=Numerical study on the combustion characteristics of CH4/NH3 MILD by excess air factor and ammonia concentration, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378473780004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=1, pageStart=94, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=88, authorNames=谢梦茜, 涂垚杰, 刘豪, journalName=燃烧科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=谢梦茜, 涂垚杰, 刘豪, 等. MILD燃烧方式下燃料NOx生成特性数值模拟[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2023, 29(1): 94-102., articleTitle=MILD燃烧方式下燃料NOx生成特性数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378528305958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=29, issue=1, pageStart=94, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[67], rfOrder=89, authorNames=XIE Mengxi, TU Yaojie, LIU Hao, journalName=Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Mengxi, TU Yaojie, LIU Hao, et al. Numerical simulation of fuel NOx generation characteristics under MILD combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2023, 29(1): 94-102., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of fuel NOx generation characteristics under MILD combustion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378595414824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=120, pageEnd=127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=90, authorNames=杨证淳, 王平, 钱伟佳, journalName=推进技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨证淳, 王平, 钱伟佳, 等. 旋流数对氨气-甲烷旋流预混合火焰燃烧特性的影响研究[J]. 推进技术, 2024, 45(10): 120-127., articleTitle=旋流数对氨气-甲烷旋流预混合火焰燃烧特性的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378658329386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=45, issue=10, pageStart=120, pageEnd=127, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[68], rfOrder=91, authorNames=YANG Zhengchun, WANG Ping, QIAN Weijia, journalName=Journal of Propulsion Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Zhengchun, WANG Ping, QIAN Weijia, et al. Effects of cyclone number on combustion characteristics of ammonia-methane cyclone premixed flame[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024, 45(10): 120-127., articleTitle=Effects of cyclone number on combustion characteristics of ammonia-methane cyclone premixed flame, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378750604076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=185, issue=null, pageStart=1362, pageEnd=1371, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[69], rfOrder=92, authorNames=VALERA-MEDINA A, MARSH R, RUNYON J, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VALERA-MEDINA A, MARSH R, RUNYON J, et al. Ammonia-methane combustion in tangential swirl burners for gas turbine power generation[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 185: 1362-1371., articleTitle=Ammonia-methane combustion in tangential swirl burners for gas turbine power generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378830295854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=2212, pageEnd=2224, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=93, authorNames=陈磊, 方世东, 沈洁, journalName=工程热物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈磊, 方世东, 沈洁, 等. 氨燃料发电研究进展[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(8): 2212-2224., articleTitle=氨燃料发电研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378884821808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=8, pageStart=2212, pageEnd=2224, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[70], rfOrder=94, authorNames=CHEN Lei, FANG Shidong, SHEN Jie, journalName=Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Lei, FANG Shidong, SHEN Jie, et al. Progress of ammonia-fueled power generation[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(8): 2212-2224., articleTitle=Progress of ammonia-fueled power generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372378947736370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=1335, pageEnd=1342, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=95, authorNames=吉雍彬, 葛冰, 毛荣海, journalName=推进技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吉雍彬, 葛冰, 毛荣海, 等. 富油/焠熄/贫油(RQL)燃烧室燃烧和排放特性的实验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(6): 1335-1342., articleTitle=富油/焠熄/贫油(RQL)燃烧室燃烧和排放特性的实验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379010650932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=38, issue=6, pageStart=1335, pageEnd=1342, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[71], rfOrder=96, authorNames=JI Yongbin, GE Bing, MAO Ronghai, journalName=Journal of Propulsion Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JI Yongbin, GE Bing, MAO Ronghai, et al. Experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of oil-rich/quench/oil-poor (RQL) combustion chamber[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(6): 1335-1342., articleTitle=Experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of oil-rich/quench/oil-poor (RQL) combustion chamber, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379069371190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=416, pageEnd=423, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=97, authorNames=朱旭彤, 张亮, 葛冰, journalName=燃烧科学与技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱旭彤, 张亮, 葛冰, 等. 旋流器间距及空气分配对富油/焠熄/贫油燃烧室温度和排放的影响[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2021, 27(4): 416-423., articleTitle=旋流器间距及空气分配对富油/焠熄/贫油燃烧室温度和排放的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379136480056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=27, issue=4, pageStart=416, pageEnd=423, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[72], rfOrder=98, authorNames=ZHU Xutong, ZHANG Liang, GE Bing, journalName=Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Xutong, ZHANG Liang, GE Bing, et al. Effects of cyclone spacing and air distribution on oil-rich/quench/oil-poor combustion chamber temperature and emission[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2021, 27(4): 416-423., articleTitle=Effects of cyclone spacing and air distribution on oil-rich/quench/oil-poor combustion chamber temperature and emission, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379195200314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=93, issue=14, pageStart=2514, pageEnd=2533, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[73], rfOrder=99, authorNames=ROCHA R, COSTA M, BAI X, journalName=Combustion Science & Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ROCHA R, COSTA M, BAI X. Combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia under conditions relevant to modern gas turbines[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 2021, 93(14): 2514-2533., articleTitle=Combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia under conditions relevant to modern gas turbines, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379279086396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=231, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[74], rfOrder=100, authorNames=MEI B, ZHANG J, SHI X, journalName=Combustion and Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEI B, ZHANG J, SHI X, et al. Enhancement of ammonia combustion with partial fuel cracking strategy: laminar flame propagation and kinetic modeling investigation of NH3/H2/N2/air mixtures up to 10 atm[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2021, 231: 111472., articleTitle=Enhancement of ammonia combustion with partial fuel cracking strategy: laminar flame propagation and kinetic modeling investigation of NH3/H2/N2/air mixtures up to 10 atm, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379350389566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=278, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[75], rfOrder=101, authorNames=LESMANA H, ZHU M, ZHANG Z, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LESMANA H, ZHU M, ZHANG Z, et al. Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of laminar flame speed in mixtures of partially dissociated NH3 in air[J]. Fuel, 2020, 278: 118428., articleTitle=Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of laminar flame speed in mixtures of partially dissociated NH3 in air, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379413304128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=38, issue=null, pageStart=2023, pageEnd=2030, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[76], rfOrder=102, authorNames=LESMANA H, ZHU M, ZHANG Z, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LESMANA H, ZHU M, ZHANG Z, et al. Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of flammability limits of partially dissociated NH3 and air mixtures[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2020, 38: 2023-2030., articleTitle=Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of flammability limits of partially dissociated NH3 and air mixtures, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379488801602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=103, authorNames=余露, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=余露. 天然气电厂富氧燃烧特性和NOx生成机理研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2019: 1., articleTitle=天然气电厂富氧燃烧特性和NOx生成机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379560104772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[77], rfOrder=104, authorNames=YU Lu, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YU Lu. Research on oxygen-enriched combustion characteristics and NOx generation mechanism of natural gas power plant[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2019: 1., articleTitle=Research on oxygen-enriched combustion characteristics and NOx generation mechanism of natural gas power plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379631407942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=2, pageStart=2163, pageEnd=2174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[78], rfOrder=105, authorNames=SHRESTHA K, LHUILLIER C, BARBOSA A, journalName=Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHRESTHA K, LHUILLIER C, BARBOSA A, et al. An experimental and modeling study of ammonia with enriched oxygen content and ammonia/hydrogen laminar flame speed at elevated pressure and temperature[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(2): 2163-2174., articleTitle=An experimental and modeling study of ammonia with enriched oxygen content and ammonia/hydrogen laminar flame speed at elevated pressure and temperature, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236372379715294024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=27, issue=3, pageStart=270, pageEnd=276, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[79], rfOrder=106, authorNames=XIAO H, WANG Z, VALERA-MEDINA A, journalName=Journal of Thermal Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIAO H, WANG Z, VALERA-MEDINA A, et al. Study on characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels under oxygen enriched combustion conditions[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2018, 27(3): 270-276., articleTitle=Study on characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels under oxygen enriched combustion conditions, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236372370370384389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, awardId=2022YFB4003903, language=EN, fundingSource=Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Ministry(2022YFB4003903), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236372370521379343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, awardId=2022YFB4003903, language=CN, fundingSource=科技部重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4003903), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236372363319758921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363332341835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363361701967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363319758921, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236372363466559577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363470753882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236372363479142491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, companyId=1236372363466559577, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236372366666813788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Economic benefits of ammonia-blended natural gas combustion for power generation and its relationship with electricity prices and carbon emission prices, figureFileSmall=qJub621Nn4yXHIvxaONO4A==, figureFileBig=W8vAioYe+t2VJVuov50MuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372366801031522, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图1, caption=天然气掺氨发电经济效益与电价及碳排放价关系, figureFileSmall=qJub621Nn4yXHIvxaONO4A==, figureFileBig=W8vAioYe+t2VJVuov50MuA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367006552428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Timeline of the important reaction mechanisms of ammonia combustion, figureFileSmall=8p1JGyiSlBAeMTDJY/1zXw==, figureFileBig=/tkeUHA5mrgZ9a0BQbBnjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367136575856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图2, caption=氨燃烧各重要反应机理时间轴, figureFileSmall=8p1JGyiSlBAeMTDJY/1zXw==, figureFileBig=/tkeUHA5mrgZ9a0BQbBnjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367212073331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Analysis of combustion paths of ammonia/hydrogen/ methane mixtures in a 1 500 K closed reaction, figureFileSmall=Q3lFDbT6ypD++HRPvoxMIw==, figureFileBig=6Dm6dBdFanuYOntCzHtiDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367312736632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图3, caption=1 500 K条件封闭反应其中氨/氢/甲烷混燃路径分析, figureFileSmall=Q3lFDbT6ypD++HRPvoxMIw==, figureFileBig=6Dm6dBdFanuYOntCzHtiDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367396622715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Sensitivity analysis of NH3 molar fraction, figureFileSmall=WcYG5thy/Ep68r+upoqTWQ==, figureFileBig=end0EjXJjrbl/lL1Jxz8nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367493091714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图4, caption=NH3摩尔分数敏感性分析, figureFileSmall=WcYG5thy/Ep68r+upoqTWQ==, figureFileBig=end0EjXJjrbl/lL1Jxz8nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367585366407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Structural diagram of the experimental swirl burner (mm), figureFileSmall=YDqshNm5H+F7YglwcJ1qug==, figureFileBig=xTHXBfgfpVzC3F5ypFRF+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367686029707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图5, caption=实验涡流燃烧器装置示意(mm), figureFileSmall=YDqshNm5H+F7YglwcJ1qug==, figureFileBig=xTHXBfgfpVzC3F5ypFRF+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367795081616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Flame pattern of natural gas-ammonia blending, figureFileSmall=l4khuw1gTut2uOeO6nNfhA==, figureFileBig=79BUkmB0yZnmmtRZNpNKUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372367925105047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图6, caption=天然气-氨掺混火焰形态, figureFileSmall=l4khuw1gTut2uOeO6nNfhA==, figureFileBig=79BUkmB0yZnmmtRZNpNKUw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368055128475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Schematic diagram of the fixed-capacity combustion chamber, figureFileSmall=/5Yk1QeQqMR83mpYYZATKQ==, figureFileBig=9A50NLYUetuN99Whk0Sx2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368172568992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图7, caption=定容燃烧室示意, figureFileSmall=/5Yk1QeQqMR83mpYYZATKQ==, figureFileBig=9A50NLYUetuN99Whk0Sx2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368281620898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Reaction pathways for NH3/CH4 combustion at 3 000 K, figureFileSmall=IwUmWTCZM4dePg3yQtxi3g==, figureFileBig=OLXcFAoM/Cbec9EuycSb3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368382284197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图8, caption=温度3 000 K条件下NH3/CH4燃烧的反应路径, figureFileSmall=IwUmWTCZM4dePg3yQtxi3g==, figureFileBig=OLXcFAoM/Cbec9EuycSb3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368478753194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Temperature distribution of PM combustion chamber with porosity ϕ between 0.5 and 0.9, figureFileSmall=KqLzC59GMdNX/H5sQ7frCA==, figureFileBig=O6cwDAMNNCAQA1d/wKfAFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368617165232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图9, caption=孔隙率ϕ在0.5~0.9的PM燃烧室温度分布, figureFileSmall=KqLzC59GMdNX/H5sQ7frCA==, figureFileBig=O6cwDAMNNCAQA1d/wKfAFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368717828533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Temperature distribution along the centreline wall under conditions with different porosities, figureFileSmall=6pK7U+Zr8Rz8AihICtM3Mw==, figureFileBig=j3X40yygTXoqnTpgHauCaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368822686135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同孔隙率条件下沿中心线壁面温度分布, figureFileSmall=6pK7U+Zr8Rz8AihICtM3Mw==, figureFileBig=j3X40yygTXoqnTpgHauCaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372368906572219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=The combustion chamber model, figureFileSmall=2hIqru+txoWOBMVcOTTSNg==, figureFileBig=7M8wXfW90k0+A1Bk8TpxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369011429826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图11, caption=燃烧室模型, figureFileSmall=2hIqru+txoWOBMVcOTTSNg==, figureFileBig=7M8wXfW90k0+A1Bk8TpxvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369086927301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=NO mass distribution at different swirl numbers, figureFileSmall=RIlEs4VcQASBMhqT4uhthg==, figureFileBig=1HeaORGv0+CJeSA54cRvMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369216950731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图12, caption=不同旋流数下的NO质量分布, figureFileSmall=RIlEs4VcQASBMhqT4uhthg==, figureFileBig=1HeaORGv0+CJeSA54cRvMQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369346974160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Schematic diagram of rich-poor staged combustion in RQL combustion, figureFileSmall=s27rUrJ243YQP+1BRpkJLQ==, figureFileBig=n2jEKoNakyj8R1nzHTP3rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369456026066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图13, caption=RQL燃烧中的富-贫分级燃烧示意, figureFileSmall=s27rUrJ243YQP+1BRpkJLQ==, figureFileBig=n2jEKoNakyj8R1nzHTP3rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369556689368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Flame images at different precalcination ratios β (0, 5%, 10%), figureFileSmall=GJNbLmSGkiRyPQTjxkewLg==, figureFileBig=f7Aqbx/xiZzvCO6LTb6zBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369661546975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同预分解比β(0、5%、10%)下火焰图像, figureFileSmall=GJNbLmSGkiRyPQTjxkewLg==, figureFileBig=f7Aqbx/xiZzvCO6LTb6zBA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369778987495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Natural gas generator set models and corresponding installed capacities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
天然气发电机组型号平均装机容量
9F390
9E160
6F115
6B56
), ArticleFig(id=1236372369929982442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

天然气发电机组型号及对应装机容量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
天然气发电机组型号平均装机容量
9F390
9E160
6F115
6B56
), ArticleFig(id=1236372370064200175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Natural gas accounting parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
价格/(元·m–3)4.007[13]
热值/(kJ·m–3)34 000[14]
), ArticleFig(id=1236372370194223610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372359159010086, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

天然气核算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
价格/(元·m–3)4.007[13]
热值/(kJ·m–3)34 000[14]
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
天然气掺氨燃烧研究进展
收藏切换
PDF下载
张斌 1 , 王光磊 1 , 罗赛贝 2 , 潘亦璘 2 , 张海 2 , 高绪栋 1 , 范卫东 2
热力发电 | 绿氨掺烧技术研究进展 2025,54(8): 13-26
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 绿氨掺烧技术研究进展 2025, 54(8): 13-26
天然气掺氨燃烧研究进展
全屏
张斌1 , 王光磊1, 罗赛贝2, 潘亦璘2, 张海2 , 高绪栋1, 范卫东2
作者信息
  • 1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
  • 2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240
  • 张斌(1970),男,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为燃煤高效清洁利用技术,

通讯作者:

张海(1987),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为燃料高效清洁低碳利用理论与技术,
Research progress on ammonia-blended natural gas combustion
Bin ZHANG1 , Guanglei WANG1, Saibei LUO2, Yilin PAN2, Hai ZHANG2 , Xudong GAO1, Weidong FAN2
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China
  • 2.School of Mechanic Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055
文章导航
收藏切换

天然气掺氨燃烧技术凭借在降低碳排放方面的巨大潜力,已成为全球研究焦点。氨在燃烧过程中存在着火困难、火焰传播速度缓慢以及易被吹熄等诸多问题,而天然气的掺入能够显著改善这些问题,也推动了氨燃料的广泛应用,为清洁能源的开发开辟了新途径。首先从技术可行性与经济可行性方面对天然气掺氨燃烧技术的应用潜力进行评估,分析其在能源转型进程中的积极意义。接着,借助反应动力学的研究成果,分析了氨与天然气掺混燃烧的化学反应机理。在此基础上,从实验研究、数值模拟以及低氮稳燃控制策略等方面,综述了国内外在该领域的最新研究动态,指出目前不同机理模型在模拟以及实验预测普适性方面仍存在显著差异,未来需结合跨尺度模拟发展能够兼顾精度与效率以及适应性更强的氨燃烧预测模型。最后,归纳了天然气掺氨燃烧技术在实际应用中遭遇的挑战,并指出未来的研究方向,旨在为这一技术的深入发展提供理论依据与实践指引。

天然气掺氨燃烧技术  /  反应机理  /  数值仿真  /  低氮稳燃控制

The technology of co-firing ammonia with natural gas has become a global research focus due to its significant potential in reducing carbon emissions. During the combustion process, ammonia faces challenges such as difficulty in ignition, slow flame propagation speed, and susceptibility to blow-off. The addition of natural gas can significantly improve these combustion characteristics, thereby promoting the widespread application of ammonia fuel and opening up new avenues for the development of clean energy. Firstly, the application potential of natural gas-ammonia co-firing technology is evaluated from the perspectives of technical and economic feasibility, and its positive significance in the energy transition process is analyzed. Then, drawing on research findings at the reaction kinetics level, the chemical reaction mechanisms of ammonia and natural gas co-firing are elucidated. On this basis, the latest domestic and international research progress in this field is reviewed, covering experimental studies, numerical simulations, and low-NOx stable combustion control strategies. It is pointed out that significant discrepancies still exist among different mechanism models in terms of simulation accuracy and experimental prediction universality. Future research needs to combine multi-scale simulations to develop more adaptable ammonia combustion prediction models that can balance accuracy and efficiency. Finally, the challenges encountered in the practical application of natural gas-ammonia co-firing technology are summarized, and future research directions are proposed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the in-depth development of this technology.

ammonia-blended natural gas combustion technology  /  reaction mechanism  /  numerical simulation  /  low-nitrogen stable combustion control
张斌, 王光磊, 罗赛贝, 潘亦璘, 张海, 高绪栋, 范卫东. 天然气掺氨燃烧研究进展. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (8) : 13 -26 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055
Bin ZHANG, Guanglei WANG, Saibei LUO, Yilin PAN, Hai ZHANG, Xudong GAO, Weidong FAN. Research progress on ammonia-blended natural gas combustion[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (8) : 13 -26 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055
我国是一次能源消耗大国,也是世界最大的二氧化碳(CO2)排放国,为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,发展替代化石燃料的新型低碳、零碳燃料及其燃烧技术变得十分迫切。基于新型低碳、零碳燃料的高效清洁燃烧可有效解决化石能源短缺以及温室效应等环境问题,对社会可持续发展具有重要意义。
氨作为氢的高效载体,在燃烧方面具有独特优势。氨不含碳元素,完全燃烧产物为无污染的氮气与水;而且能量密度高,与汽油的单位体积能量密度相当,具备成为绿色零碳燃料的潜力[1]。同时,氨的大规模工业化制备工艺成熟,成本低,如工业中常用的Haber-Bosch工艺路线[2],未来也有可能直接通过太阳能、风能等绿电合成氨[3]。然而,氨燃烧仍存在一些挑战,如着火困难、火焰传播速度慢、易吹熄等问题[4-5]。为优化氨燃料的燃烧性能,国内外研究者提出了与优质燃料氢、甲烷、煤等的掺混燃烧。相比较而言,氨与天然气掺混燃烧是一项较有发展前景的技术。一方面,天然气作为一种优质、高效、清洁的气体燃料已被世界各国广泛关注。据国际能源署预测[6],我国天然气消费量将在未来20年逐步上升,于2040年达到5.1×1 011 m3。清华大学气候变化与可持续发展研究院发布的《中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究》[7]中预测我国天然气消费量将在近年逐步上升,于2030年前后达到峰值。另一方面,氨与天然气掺混燃烧可产生强烈的点火增强效应,有效解决纯氨燃烧的着火困难、火焰稳定性差等问题。鉴于此,本文将针对当前国内外研究趋势,围绕氨的应用场景、天然气掺氨机理等展开详细讨论,并辅以政策、资源等层面的可行性分析,为天然气掺氨燃烧大规模工业化应用提供依据和参考。
为定量分析使用部分氨燃料代替天然气的经济效益,选用天然气发电的9E型号机组作为研究对象(表1[8]),该机组年等效发电时间2 600 h。天然气价格及热值见表2
根据原料中氢气的碳足迹,合成氨被分为灰氨、蓝氨、绿氨3类[9]。灰氨中的氢来源于天然气或者煤炭,由传统的Haber-Bosch工艺制备。蓝氨相较于灰氨的主要区别在于将灰氨生产过程中的CO2进行捕集处理。绿氨则利用可再生能源,以水为原料制备绿氢,后与氮气通过热催化或电催化合成[10]。灰氨成本主要由原料成本、用电成本、人工成本、设备折旧成本等构成,一般受到煤单价影响较大,近似成本计算公式为[11]
PH=1.5Pm+700
式中:PH为灰氨价格,Pm为煤单价,单位均为元/t。而制备绿氨所需成本主要包括电解水制氢时所需电能成本以及装置成本,成本受到用电价格变化影响明显。根据国能经济技术责任研究院的相关估算,绿氨成本近似计算公式[12]为:
PL=12 880PD+987
式中:PL为绿氨价格,元/t;PD为不含税电价,元/(kW·h)。
下面以9E燃气机组评估天然气掺氨经济可行性,该机组年工作2 600 h,总发电量4.16×108 kW·h。若单使用天然气作为燃料,需天然气4.405×107 m3,燃料成本1.765亿元。氨热值为18 603 kJ/kg,运输成本约为270元/t[12]。若采用绿氨替代30%天然气,为达到相同发热量,所需氨燃料2.415×107 kg,氨燃料成本0.536亿元,对应减少天然气燃料成本为0.530亿元。同时年可减少26 738 t CO2排放。按照2023年全年碳排放交易均价为68.15元/t计算[15],碳减排收益0.018亿元,且这部分收益会随着我国碳排放交易价格增加而增加。天然气掺氨发电经济效益与绿氨成本和碳税直接相关,而绿氨成本与电价又存在近似线性关系。图1直观定性描述了不同电价和碳排放交易价情况下天然气掺氨发电收益情况。当电价与碳排放交易价对应点位于红色区域时会带来正向经济效益,且随着未来碳排放价格上升及电价下降逐渐增加,效益可观。
政策层面,2022年,国务院在“十四五”节能减排综合工作方案中明确提出,发电等行业需要实施清洁电力和天然气替代。天然气发电正逐步大规模替代传统火力发电成为我国电力低碳转型的主力军。与此同时,上海、重庆、四川等省市也针对性地出台了相关政策给予天然气产业发展空间。而在绿氨方面,我国各级政府大力鼓励绿氨的生产与利用。国家发展改革委、国家能源局联合印发的《氢能产业发展中长期规划(2021—2035年)》中明确指出合成氨技术应由高排放的灰氨向低排放的绿氨转型。由此可见,我国对天然气、氨气相关研究给予了高度支持。
资源层面,我国有丰富的天然气与氨气资源,也有成熟的生产、储运、利用产业链。根据我国“十四五”能源规划,预计到2025年底,天然气发电装机容量将超过1.5亿千瓦[16],有望成为我国能源结构的重要组成部分。根据《中国天然气发展报告(2023)》[17],我国液化天然气进口总量同比下降19.5%,在国际天然气总产量降低、价格震荡等复杂情况下,表现了我国天然气产业发展的灵活性。中国海油集团[18]指出与其他燃料相比,我国天然气产量稳定,可实现大规模供应,是替代煤炭实现部分减碳的理想选择。国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司预测[19],到2025年底,我国天然气管道将形成“四大进口通道”与“五纵五横”格局,全国天然气网具有高度整体性,天然气基础设施规模庞大。
技术层面,李续等[20]通过对现有天然气电厂管道结构分析,认为在不进行重大设备改造的前提下可以实现天然气掺氨燃烧发电。林元书[21]指出天然气掺氨具有改造成本低、系统简单便于维护等的优点,并通过实验证实了其有较好的应用前景。Ariemma等人[22]指出相较于纯氨,氨与天然气掺混燃烧在工作温度和当量比方面大大拓宽了系统的稳定运行范围。虽然天然气掺氨会存在增加污染物NOx排放等的风险,但这一问题可以通过温和低氧稀释(moderate and intense low-oxygen dilution, MILD)燃烧[22]、局部富燃[23]、分级燃烧[24]等技术有效控制。
综上所述,我国天然气储备量大,相关基础设施完善,政策扶持力度大。此外,氨气作为一种理想的零碳燃料,其生产、储运已形成完整的工业体系[11]。天然气掺氨燃烧发电具备经济以及技术可行性,只需对现有天然气燃烧设施进行小规模改造,具有广阔应用前景,是现阶段我国安全且环境友好的电力行业低碳发展路径。
氨燃烧机理开发对稳燃性能、火焰特征、污染物排放等至关重要。近年来,大量学者致力于研究掺氨燃料燃烧的详细化学反应机理,并在此基础上开发了特定工况与特定关注目标的简化反应机理,这些机理对于理解掺氨燃料燃烧及其氮氧化物生成机理具有重要的参考价值。
Miller与Bowman等人[25]在1989年提出了氨燃烧过程中NOx的生成及消耗路径,指出了NH、NH2自由基在NOx生成过程中起到的重要作用。1994年,Lindstedt等人[26]对氨燃烧进行了大量的敏感性研究,识别了对NO生产与耗散的关键基元反应,明确了不同掺混条件下NO的生成机制,并构建了一套完整的燃烧机理模型。Konnova等人[27]在原有燃烧机理模型上进行了改进,补充了N2H2的生成路径,详细刻画了氨燃料燃烧过程中NOx生成的相关反应。Mathieu与Petersen等人[28-29]进一步提出了H2/O2子反应机理,该机理能够很好地预测高温高压工况下NH3/空气点火燃烧中NOx的组分分布。Glarborg等人[30]深入探讨了氨燃烧过程中热力型NO、快速型NO以及燃料型NO的具体生成机理,总结形成了Glarborg机理。相较于Miller与Bowman机理,Glarborg机理能在更宽工况范围内给出更精确的反应组分分布预测。Shrestha等人[31]认为在氨燃烧反应过程中NH2+H==NH+H2是关键速控步骤,并在此基础上进行了归纳总结,得到了Shrestha机理。Li等人[32]则对Shrestha机理中的NH3子机理进行了优化,并将之应用CFD软件模拟,误差在可接受范围内,同时计算时间缩短了约80%。Okafor等人[33-34]认为含C组分与含N组分之间的相互作用对于模拟氨燃料火焰的特性并无显著影响,因此将与C-N组分相互作用相关的反应剔除,总结归纳得到了Okafor机理,这很大程度上优化了氨燃料燃烧反应机理计算流程。
上述氨燃烧各重要反应机理时间轴如图2所示,各机理在提出过程中均有相关实验或仿真结果作为支撑,能很好反映相关机理在特定工况下对氨燃料燃烧过程特定组分的分布预测。但不同机理侧重点及研究内容往往不同,导致中间体及基元反应数量差异较大,具体实际应用应按照研究需要灵活选用机理。
另外,近年来也有诸多学者进行了氨混燃工况下的反应机理研究。如Chen等人[35]研究了氨煤共燃条件下不同阶段NO生成特性和燃料氮转化机制,发现在1 400 ℃和10%掺氨比例下,NO主要生成路径是:1)VOL→HCN→NCO→NO;2)CHAR→NO;3)NH2→HNO→NO。与纯煤燃烧相比,NH2→NH→NO反应路径比例降低,而NH2→N2、NCN→NCO→N2和NH2→NNH→N2反应路径比例增加。Li等人[32]汇编了一个包含128种物质和957个反应的氨/氢/甲烷混合燃烧详细化学机制并结合敏感性分析方法,得到了包含51种物质的简化机理模型。同时,针对简化后的模型在封闭均相反应器中进行了1 500 K条件下的反应路径分析,结果如图3[32]所示。同时,通过反应通量分析表明,在混燃工况下形成NO2的最重要反应是NO+HO2=NO2+H。
Liu等人[36]通过如图4所示的敏感性分析和生产速率分析,详细研究了交叉反应对NH3/C3H8的IDTs(点火延迟时间)、LFSs(层流火焰速度)和SPs(组分浓度分布)的影响。研究表明H自由基的抽提反应C2H4+NH2=C2H3+NH3促进了点火和NH3的消耗,而歧化反应C2H3+NH2=C2H2+NH3和HCO+NH2=CO+NH3由于是自由基终止反应而抑制了火焰的传播。同时,另一组新加入的歧化反应C3H5-A+NO=C3H4-A+HNO以及析氢反应C3H6+NH2=C3H5-A+NH3则抑制了燃烧过程NH3的消耗。
Szanthoffer等人[37]对18个最新发布的详细反应机理的性能进行了评估,发现模型性能差异显著,并对模拟表现最佳的机理的动力学和热力学参数进行了局部敏感性分析,发现在没有CO参与反应的情况下,模拟结果对氢氧化的链分支步骤H+O2=OH+O以及氢氧化的链终止反应H+O2+M=HO2+M较为敏感。
Diao等人[38]通过反应力场分子动力学模拟和密度泛函理论计算,详细模拟了DME(二甲醚)/氨气混合物的燃烧机制。研究结果表明,在二甲醚和氨的初始反应过程中,C2H6O→CH3O+CH3是二甲醚的主要反应,而氨则主要通过氧化反应NH3+HO2→NH2+H2O2和NH3+O2→NH2+H2O被消耗。
Zhao等人[39]研究了在N2、CO2和H2O稀释条件下甲烷/氨燃料混合物的MILD燃烧特性及NOx排放,揭示了在MILD-氧条件下NOx的生成机制。研究发现在MILD-CO2燃烧工况下,NH3主要通过途径NH3→NH2→HNO→NO和NH3→NH2→NH→HNO→NO转化为NO。而在MILD-H2O燃烧工况下,途径NH3→NH2→NH→N→NO在NO生成中的重要性则大大增强。Zhu等人[40]开发了一个详细的NH3/CH4/H2/CO动力学机理,包含146种物质和1 099个反应,并通过3种简化方法将详细机理简化为包含53种物质和353个反应的模型。动力学分析表明,H2、CO和CH4的化学和传输效应是增强氨气燃烧的主要因素,且随着初始温度的升高和氨气混合比的降低而增加。Khade等人[41]开发了一套包含总共50种物质的天然气掺氨反应机理,该机理对NOx预测相较与其他机理更接近实验数据。
总的来说,现有的大量基于反应动力学的氨燃烧研究主要聚焦于揭示NOx生成路径与关键中间体(如NHx自由基)的作用机制,同时关注温度、压力、混合燃料组分等因素对氨燃烧特性的影响,以及燃烧产物的生成规律。但受制于不同机理构建的侧重点差异、基元反应数量的不同以及目标工况的多样性,模拟预测结果在特定场景下虽显精准,但普适性与一致性仍有差异。因此未来需要结合多尺度模拟与实验验证,发展兼顾精度与效率、适应性更强的氨燃烧预测模型,特别是在多燃料耦合及极端工况下的应用。
目前针对天然气与氨的掺混燃烧实验研究主要集中在燃烧特性、污染物排放等方面。Khateeb等人[42]在如图5的涡流燃烧器中对预混氨-甲烷-空气混合物燃烧火焰稳定性极限进行了测量,并与甲烷-空气混合物的数据进行了对比。结果表明,增加氨的掺混量可以提高贫喷极限时的当量比,但会降低火焰的回流倾向。而当氨的体积分数超过临界值时,在固定体积速度下提高等效比不会产生回火,反而会出现富喷,这大大拓宽了稳定火焰的当量比范围。Wang等人[43]则采用了双层碳化硅陶瓷泡沫燃烧系统探究了氨/甲烷在稀薄燃烧条件下的掺混燃烧性能。结果显示,随当量比增加,尤其是甲烷比例升高,燃烧型NO排放显著降低。当量比为0.9时,排放NO体积分数可低至843×10–6,而当量比为1.3时排放低于150×10–6。Masoumi等人[44]利用预混燃烧平台分别探究了不同当量比(0.7~1.6)、初始温度(300~600 K)以及压力范围(100~500 kPa)条件下NH3-CH4和NH3-H2层流传播火焰的稳定性。结果表明,不同于NH3-H2混燃工况在部分当量比下无法维持火焰稳定,NH3-CH4混燃工况在所有当量比下都能实现稳定燃烧。此外,稀释剂的添加能进一步稳定NH3-CH4火焰。
Füzesi等人[45]在旋流燃烧器中对3种不同掺混比的天然气-氨混合火焰进行了数值和实验研究,得到了如图6所示的火焰形态(A为掺氨20%(体积分数,下同),B为掺氨50%,C为掺氨80%)。
同时,针对天然气掺氨火焰传播速度,Dai等人[46]研究了氨/甲烷/空气传播球形火焰的精确层流燃烧速度、湍流燃烧速度及其相关性。在100、300 kPa的压力条件下,由于层流燃烧速度的减弱效应,湍流燃烧速度随着氨含量的增加而降低。在不同的氨含量下,氨/甲烷/空气的湍流火焰具有相似性。Zhou等人[47]在如图7所示的定容燃烧室中引入不同热值比的甲烷,计算了氨/甲烷混燃的反应阶数和温度指数,结果表明随甲烷热值比的增加,火焰表面的六角形结构呈增加趋势。
此外,污染物排放研究也是天然气掺氨的主要研究方向。为探索掺氨比对氨-甲烷预混燃烧NOx排放的影响,Ilbas等人[48]在预混燃烧实验台上进行了燃烧实验,结果表明,在甲烷燃料中添加氨对燃烧性能无明显影响,但NOx排放水平显著增加。另外,针对与天然气掺氨燃烧的未燃尽碳氢化合物排放量,Uddeen等人[49]在SI光学发动机实验台上进行实验,结果表明,随着掺氨比增加,未燃碳氢化合物排放量呈现出单调上升的态势。Bastani等人[50]在实际微型燃气轮机燃烧室中进行了实验和数值研究,重点关注了性能参数和污染物排放。结果显示,随着燃料中氨的比例增加,火焰温度降低,火焰远离喷嘴。燃烧器出口温度几乎未发生变化,但随着氨含量的增加,燃烧器的燃烧效率下降。
国内关于天然气掺氨燃烧的起步较晚。刘文峰等[51]设计了一个可视化的旋流燃烧装置,并通过实验分析了当量比、掺氨比和入口空气流量对燃烧特性的影响。研究表明,保持掺氨比XNH3=0.6时,随着当量比增加,燃烧室出口NO排放先增加后减小。在贫燃区,随着当量比的增加,NO2和HNO含量协同影响NO的反应速率,在ϕ=0.9处NO排放达到峰值;在富燃区,随着当量比的增加,由过量的氨气和水蒸气产生的链式反应产生一些还原性基团,抑制氨气的氧化反应,导致NO排放量降低。孙锦国等[52]研究了滑动弧等离子体辅助下甲烷/氨气/空气预混旋流火焰的稳定性以及NOx排放特性。研究表明,滑动弧能够拓宽火焰的贫燃吹熄极限,并降低NOx排放。同时,滑动弧可能通过化学路径增强了火焰中NH2自由基的生产,强化了高温区NOx还原过程,从而降低了NOx生成。吉龙娟等[53]对钝体旋流燃烧器上NH3/CH4/空气预混稀燃紧凑火焰开展了宏观结构及吹熄特性研究,利用PIV和OH-PLIF同步测量技术捕获了流场和瞬时OH分布,获得了火焰-流场耦合信息。结果表明,NH3/CH4/空气火焰根部在临吹熄时出现过量拉伸和局部熄灭,这将导致火焰最终吹熄,而火焰过量拉伸的主要原因为流体剪切变形。卫旭涛等[54]基于半封闭空间旋流燃烧器,对氨气火焰和低甲烷掺混比氨气/甲烷火焰的流场和火焰结构进行测量,同时采用气体分析仪对火焰主要燃烧产物进行了测量,发现CH4掺混使浓燃时未燃NH3排放增加,同时有较大的CO及CO2排放;稀燃时90%NH3火焰的NOx排放高于NH3火焰。
综上所述,目前国内外已有大量基于先进实验与模拟方法针对天然气掺氨燃烧过程的研究,有助于揭示不同掺混条件对燃烧特性的影响规律,为火焰稳定性、污染物生成机制及控制策略的优化提供了微观层面的深入理解。
分子反应动力学是理解天然气掺氨燃烧详细反应机理的重要工具。Guo等人[55]通过ReaxFF模拟,详细研究了不同温度、甲烷混合比和氧气当量比条件下氨和甲烷的共燃行为、主要产物分布以及NOx的生成和还原特性,详细列出不同条件下CH4参与NH3过程的具体初始路径,其中温度3 000 K、O2当量比为1、CH4掺混比为0.5条件下的反应路径如图8所示。
Wang等人[56]通过一系列反应力场分子动力学模拟,研究了CH4添加对NH3消耗和NOx生成的影响。研究发现,CH4可以加速NH3的消耗并改变NOx的生成。此外,还从微观的角度全面分析了CH4在NH3燃烧中的作用。结果显示在低CH4含量下,CH4加速了NH3燃烧,进一步激活了各项化学反应。Mikulčić等人[57]对燃烧动力学进行了数值研究,使用了3种氨燃烧机理来模拟预混旋流燃烧器中的氨/甲烷燃烧来评估燃烧性能。结果表明,San Diego机理最适氨/甲烷掺混燃烧,该机理在描述排放物方面是最准确的。
利用CFD软件对NH3/CH4混燃过程的仿真分析可为实际工程提供重要理论指导。Tolouei等人[58]针对中尺度多孔燃烧室中预混甲烷-氨燃烧进行了详细的CFD数值研究,探索了多孔介质孔隙率以及氨摩尔分数对燃烧室温度分布的影响。将多孔介质孔隙率从0.5增至0.9,分别记录了5种不同工况下的燃烧室温度场分布,结果如图9所示。并绘制了沿中心线壁面温度变化图谱,如图10所示。从图9图10可直观看出,孔隙度的变化直接影响了温度场的分布,从而影响了整体燃烧效率。
Sun等人[59]在工业DLN燃气轮机燃烧器中进行了氨/甲烷燃料燃烧特性和速度场的数值研究。结果显示,当燃料中氨的质量分数超过30%时,火焰形状不再呈现“V”字形,而是变得更长、更厚、更高。Xiao等人[60]通过数值模拟研究了高温和高压条件下NH3/CH4火焰的燃烧特性,结果表明,环境温度的升高可以明显增加层流火焰速度,环境压力的提高则会降低层流火焰速度。Okafor等人[34]对NH3/CH4/空气预混层流火焰进行了实验和数值研究,结果表明,混合气的层流火焰速度随氨添加比例和环境压力增加而降低,火焰的Markstein长度随当量比和NH3添加比例升高而增加。
Bayramoğlu等人[61]利用如图11所示的燃烧室模型研究了甲烷与5%、10%和15%氢气混合的效果,结果显示,向甲烷中添加15%的氢气可使燃烧室最高温度提高100 K。而加入15%氨气可使燃烧室内最高温度下降200 K。氢气体积分数每增加10%将导致热力型NOx排放体积分数增加28%,而混合燃料中氨体积分数每增加10%将导致NOx排放体积分数增加3 000×10–6
Barbas等人[62]在预混层流燃烧器中,对掺氨甲烷的富氧燃烧进行了数值研究。结果表明,无论氧化剂组成如何,增加过量氧系数通常都会减少CO和NO的排放量。此外,在O2/CO2环境中,对于给定的过量氧系数,降低氧化剂中的氧含量会导致CO排放量增加,但NO的排放量则会减小。
Wang等人[63]对微型燃气轮机涡流燃烧器中CH4/空气和NH3/空气非预混火焰的燃烧和NOx排放特性进行了数值研究。结果显示,随着热负荷增加,NH3/空气火焰的高温区向燃烧室出口的迁移速度比CH4/空气火焰更快。在所有热负荷下,NH3/空气火焰的平均NO、N2O和NO2排放量分别比CH4/空气火焰高6.12、161.05和2.89倍。
季然等[64]采用热流量法,在常温常压下对不同掺混比例的CH4/H2S、NH3/CH4/H2S的绝热层流火焰速度进行了测量,并通过Chemkin软件对实验气体的层流火焰速度进行了模拟计算。计算采用Mulvihill+Han组合机理,最终在当量比为0.7~1.5给出了较吻合实验数据的结果。
宋旭东等[65]使用ANSYS软件对天然气掺氨火焰进行模拟研究,对不同掺氨比及不同当量比的NH3/CH4/O2燃烧进行数值计算。结果表明,掺入NH3导致火焰温度降低,温度核心分布区域随掺氨比增加向火焰下游移动,而随当量比增大向火焰根部移动;当掺氨比增大时,OH*与CH*峰值含量下降,OH*峰值位置向火焰下游移动,CH*峰值位置则不发生变化,但CH*径向位置呈现多峰分布。
匡玉成等[66]通过数值模拟方法,研究了CH4/ NH3混合燃料MILD燃烧特性。结果表明,在甲烷MILD燃烧中添加NH3会使出口NO排放急剧增加。当过量空气系数大于1时,过量空气系数的减小会使NO和CO的排放降低。NH3中的N元素转化成NO的比率随燃料中氨气的增加和过量空气系数的降低而减小。
涂垚杰等[67]针对MILD燃烧新模式下燃料NOx生成特性暂不清楚的问题,开展了甲烷MILD燃烧的CFD数值模拟。通过向燃料中添加不同比例的NH3,考察了NH3添加对MILD燃烧方式下燃料NOx生成特性的影响。结果表明,随着燃料中NH3含量的增加,常规燃烧和MILD燃烧工况下NO排放都相应提高;同时,MILD燃烧下特殊的燃料氧化过程导致NO的还原作用弱于常规燃烧,因此当燃料中初始NH3体积分数超过1.3%后NO排放值反而高于常规燃烧。
总体而言,现有研究基于分子反应动力学与数值模拟方法,系统揭示了温度、混合比、压力及燃烧条件对掺氨燃烧反应路径及污染物生成的作用机制,阐明了燃料掺混与燃烧模式对自由基演变及火焰特性的调控规律。然而受限于燃烧机理模型的选择差异(如San Diego机理与其他模型的模拟偏差)、燃烧工况参数的敏感性变化(掺氨比例、压力梯度、火焰结构参数等)及燃料氮转化路径的复杂性,不同研究在污染物生成趋势与燃烧稳定性预测方面仍存在显著分歧。因此未来需重点开展跨尺度关联研究,通过构建标准化燃烧模型验证平台,协同优化微观自由基反应网络与宏观燃烧特性参数,为实现高效清洁掺氨燃烧技术提供理论支撑。
在天然气与氨气掺混燃烧过程中,常面临火焰不稳定性和NOx排放较高的问题。因此,亟需通过低氮稳燃技术进行有效控制,以降低NOx排放并确保燃烧系统的稳定性。目前,常见的掺氨低氮稳燃技术包括旋流燃烧、分级燃烧、部分预分解燃烧以及局部增氧燃烧等方法。这些技术通过优化燃烧过程,能够有效改善燃烧性能,降低污染物排放,提升燃烧系统的整体运行效率。
作为常见的稳燃方法,旋流燃烧通过生成中心回流区、增强湍流混合和延长停留时间,可显著提高CH4/NH3混合燃料的稳燃性。其原理基于旋流诱导的复杂流场,促进燃料/空气混合、火焰锚定和反应速率提升。
旋流燃烧器在多种场景中得到了广泛应用。杨证淳等[68]通过实验测量和大涡模拟等数值仿真手段,得出在一定的范围内,旋流燃烧可以提高CH4/NH3混合燃料的稳燃性,并降低污染物NO的排放。认为旋流燃烧会在中央位置出现倒花瓶型的中心回流区,在边缘处出现角落回流区(图12)。两者共同作用改善了CH4/NH3的燃烧性能,实现了低氮稳燃控制。
Valera-Medina等人[69]研究了常压条件下NH3/ CH4旋流火焰的燃烧特性。研究表明,完全预混燃烧模式并不适用于NH3/CH4混合燃料,在中等旋流强度下,火焰会表现出不稳定性。相较之下,低旋流非预混燃烧则更适宜于NH3/CH4混合燃料的应用。
此外,掺氨燃烧存在NOx排放、NH3逃逸等风险。当掺氨比较小时,会有较多NOx产生;当掺氨比较大时,NH3会与NO反应生成无害的N2,降低了NOx排放,但过量的NH3会造成氨逃逸。为了解决这一问题,分级燃烧的技术手段成为了国内外学者的关注重点。目前常用的方法是RQL燃烧,即“富燃–急冷–贫燃”(rich burn/quick-quech/lean burn)燃烧,其核心原理在于将燃烧过程分为3个精心控制的区域:首先,在富燃区,燃料在缺氧(空气不足)的高温条件下进行初始燃烧,这种环境抑制了主要由高温空气氮氧化生成的热力型NOx,并将燃料自带的N元素更多地转化为无害氮气;随后,高温缺氧的燃烧产物进入淬熄区,与大量快速混入的空气骤然混合,实现迅速降温并快速跨过最易生成NOx的化学计量比(燃料与空气恰好完全反应的比例)区域,从而避免了NOx的峰值产生;最后,在贫油区,混合物在过量空气和相对较低温度下完成最终燃烧,进一步抑制了NOx的生成。通过这种分阶段控制燃烧气氛和温度的方式,RQL技术有效避开了NOx的主要生成路径和高效生成条件,从而实现了低NOx排放的目标[70],其燃烧过程如图13所示。吉雍彬等[71]对天然气为燃料的RQL燃烧室进行实验,通过调整富油区当量比、空气流量等参数,获得了NOx、CO等物质的排放规律,并得到了RQL工况的运行区间。朱旭彤等[72]通过实验与RANS(雷诺平均纳维斯托克斯方程)数值模拟计算,得出了轴向温度分布的规律,解释了排气温度非对称性的原理,同时优化了旋流器间距。Rocha等人[73]通过数值仿真的方法比较了以NH3为原料时,RQL、MILD、DLE(干式低排放燃烧法)3种燃烧方法NOx的排放情况。当ϕ=1.22时,采用RQL方法的NOx排放体积分数仅为8.1×10–6,NH3排放体积分数小于0.1×10–6,可认为没有氨逃逸。
部分预分解燃烧是指部分氨预先分解产生氢气和氮气,再进行燃烧的方法,氢气的引入可以提高混合气体的燃烧速度和稳定性,同时也有助于减少NOx的生成[74]
Lesmana等人[75]对部分解离后的氨气火焰进行成像,认为在实验范围内,解离度越高,初始的火焰核心就越大,燃烧火焰也越亮,这说明预分解有利于提高燃烧强度和放热速率,燃烧火焰图像如图14所示。
通过使用CHEMKIN软件数值模拟,阐述了解离后各物种和反应的耦合影响机制,认为H2的出现促进了NH3的消耗反应,以及关键反应中间体NH、HNO、NNH等物质的生成。此外,相关研究还指出随着NH3解离程度的增加,混合物的可燃性极限显著扩大[76],这同样有利于氨气的燃烧反应,促进了NH3与NO的无害化转化。
富氧燃烧也是促进天然气掺氨低氮稳燃的常见方法。余露等[77]利用Fluent软件进行数值仿真,论证了氧体积分数在21%~50%时,随着氧体积分数的增加,CH4燃料消耗变快,火焰温度变高,污染物浓度降低。Shrestha等人[78]则在更广泛的工况下验证了富氧燃烧的优异性能。Shrestha团队的研究发现在压力100~1 000 kPa、温度298~473 K工况下,层流火焰速度随氧含量的增加线性增加,这弥补了氨气燃烧的不足。该研究进一步表明,氧体积分数增加9%与掺混体积分数30% H2对层流火焰速度的影响相同。在NOx排放方面,Xiao等人[79]通过数值仿真,论证了在氨气与甲烷混燃时采用富氧方法可以在不改变排放水平的情况下显著增强燃烧火焰的传播,改善燃烧性能。
由此可见,基于旋流燃烧、分级燃烧、部分预分解燃烧和富氧燃烧等低氮稳燃技术,优化天然气与氨气掺混燃烧过程,能够有效降低NOx排放和氨逃逸风险,提升燃烧稳定性和效率,为天然气掺氨低氮燃烧的应用提供了切实可行的技术方案。
近年来,在“双碳”战略目标的推动下,发展低碳或零碳燃料及其高效燃烧技术成为亟待解决的重要课题。然而,氨燃烧面临着一系列挑战,如着火困难、火焰传播速度慢及易吹熄等问题。为优化氨燃料的燃烧性能,研究者提出了氨与甲烷混合燃烧的方案以解决这些燃烧难题,并开展了大量的实验与仿真研究。
本文首先从经济可行性与技术可行性等角度对天然气与氨混合燃烧进行了评估,系统论证了天然气掺氨燃烧技术的综合发展态势。该技术依托我国成熟的天然气基础设施与氨工业体系,通过适度改造即可实现经济层面可行的低碳发电,是电力行业转型的优选路径。
在基础研究层面,本文对近年来的天然气掺氨燃烧反应动力学研究进行了细致梳理。目前已有大量基于反应动力学的氨燃烧研究主要聚焦于揭示NOx生成路径与关键中间体(如NHx自由基)的作用机制,同时关注温度、压力、混合燃料组分等因素对氨燃烧特性的影响,但不同机理模型在预测普适性方面仍存在显著差异。实验与数值模拟研究通过激光诊断与CFD技术,阐明了掺混比、燃烧组织方式对火焰稳定性及污染物生成的内在调控机制,揭示了燃料N元素转化路径的复杂性导致不同研究NOx预测结果存在分歧。
旋流燃烧、分级燃烧等技术已形成低氮稳燃技术体系,该体系有效实现了排放控制与能效提升的协同优化。尽管在跨尺度模型构建与精细化调控方面仍需突破,但结合现有技术储备与工程实践基础,天然气掺氨燃烧技术已具备规模化应用条件,有望成为我国能源清洁化转型的重要突破口。
燃气锅炉掺烧氨气因能从源头降低CO2排放而备受关注,尽管目前国内外针对天然气与氨气掺混燃烧已有诸多研究,如掺混组织模式、燃烧机理开发、污染物排放特性等,但天然气掺氨燃烧技术开发仍面临一些挑战。
1)目前开发的天然气掺氨燃烧反应机理适用范围有限(如Okafor机理能够够很好地预测层流火焰传播速度,但在排放物预测方面准确度相对较低),对宽温区、宽当量比工况的层流火焰传播速度、NOx排放等多种参数并不能实现准确预测;可嵌入于数值模拟实现实际工业装置运行优化的天然气掺氨燃烧简化/极简反应机理较为欠缺,需将工业实验与DREGEP、敏感性分析等机理简化方法相结合,需通过进一步研究得到更有效的掺混燃烧简化/极简反应机理。
2)目前可适用于天然气掺氨混合燃料的燃烧器设计理念、调控理论均非常有限,导致现有天然气掺氨燃烧装置运行经验不足,运行调控滞后,需通过持续的技术创新与理论研究,丰富天然气掺氨燃烧器设计理念、调控模式与运行理论。
3)大比例掺氨燃烧模式下,烟气中水蒸气含量大幅提高导致的炉内辐射换热特性、NOx生成特性等均会有较大改变,亟需开展大比例掺氨燃烧稳定性、污染物排放特性、炉内辐射换热特性等协同机制的研究,为新型大比例掺氨高效清洁燃烧技术开发奠定基础。
  • 科技部重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4003903)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
王智化, 余作超, 陈晨霖, 等. 新型零碳氨燃料的燃烧特性研究进展[J]. 华中科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 50(7): 24-40.
WANG Zhihua, YU Zuochao, CHEN Chenlin, et al. Research progress on combustion characteristics of new zero carbon ammonia fuel[J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2022, 50(7): 24-40.
[2]
AVERY W H. A role for ammonia in the hydrogen economy[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 1988, 13(12): 761-773.
[3]
BRANDHORST H, TATARCHUK B, CAHELA D, et al. Ammonia: it’s transformation and effective utilization[EB/OL]. (2020-12-11)[2021-10-12]. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5610.
[4]
YANG P, YU L, WANG F, et al. Application prospect, challenge and development of ammonia energy storage in new power system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023(12): 4432-4446.
[5]
吕强, 王儒儒, 李长兴, 等. 燃煤锅炉掺氨燃烧研究进展[J]. 节能技术, 2023, 41(4): 324-331.
LYU Qiang, WANG Ruru, LI Changxing, et al. Research progress on co-firing ammonia in coal-fired boiler[J]. Energy Conservation Technology, 2023, 41(4): 324-331.
[6]
International Energy Agency. World energy outlook 2020[R/OL]. (2020-10-01)[2024-12-12]. https://www.iea.org/events/world-energy-outlook-2020.
[7]
何建坤, 解振华, 李政, 等. 中国长期低碳发展战略与转型路径研究[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.
HE Jiankun, XIE Zhenhua, LI Zheng, et al. Research on China’s long-term low-carbon development strategy and transition paths[J]. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment, 2020, 30(11): 1-25.
[8]
王坤, 吴莹, 张兴嘉, 等. 省域天然气发电成本模型及敏感性分析[J]. 能源工程, 2023, 43(5): 71-78.
WANG Kun, WU Ying, ZHANG Xingjia, et al. Provincial natural gas power generation cost modeling and sensitivity analysis[J]. Energy Engineering, 2023, 43(5): 71-78.
[9]
金投网. 今日天然气价格[EB/OL]. (2024-03-05) [2024-12-12]. https://www.cngold.org/tianranqi/c9191714.html.
Gold Investment. Today’s natural gas prices[EB/OL]. (2024-03-05) [2024-12-12]. https://www.cngold.org/tianranqi/c9191714.html.
[10]
中国国家标准化管理委员会. 天然气标准: GB 17820—2018. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018: 11.
Standardization Administration of China (SAC). Natural gas standards: GB 17820—2018[S]. Beijing: China Standard Press, 2018: 11.
[11]
雍瑞生, 杨川箬, 薛明, 等. 氨能应用现状与前景展望[J]. 中国工程科学, 2023, 25(2): 111-121.
YONG Ruisheng, YANG Chuanruo, XUE Ming, et al. Current status and prospect of ammonia energy application[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2023, 25(2): 111-121.
[12]
WANG L, XIA M K, WANG H, et al. Greening ammonia toward the solar ammonia refinery[J]. Joule, 2018, 2(6): 1055-1074.
[13]
曾悦, 王月, 张学瑞, 等. 可再生能源合成绿氨研究进展及氢-氨储运经济性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 376-389.
ZENG Yue, WANG Yue, ZHANG Xuerui, et al. Progress of green ammonia synthesis from renewable energy sources and economic analysis of hydrogen-ammonia storage and transportation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(1): 376-389.
[14]
王明华. 不同应用场景下新能源制氢合成绿氨经济性分析[J]. 现代化工, 2023, 43(11): 1-4.
WANG Minghua. Economic analysis of green ammonia synthesis from new energy to hydrogen under different application scenarios[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2023, 43(11): 1-4.
[15]
LI L, FU X. An ammonia-hydrogen energy roadmap for carbon neutrality: opportunity and challenges in China[J]. Engineering, 2021, 7(12): 1688-1691.
[16]
国家发展和改革委员会能源研究所. 碳达峰、碳中和目标下中国天然气发电产业发展研究[R]. 北京: 国家发展和改革委员会, 2022: 1.
Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission. Study on the development of China’s natural gas power generation industry under the targets of peak carbon achievement and carbon neutrality[R]. Beijing: National Development and Reform Commission, 2022: 1.
[17]
国家能源局. 中国天然气发展报告(2023)[EB/OL]. (2023-07-21)[2024-12-12]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/2023-07/21/c_1310733569.html.
National Energy Administration. China natural gas development report (2023)[EB/OL]. (2023-07-21) [2024-12-12]. https://www.nea.gov.cn/2023-07/21/c_1310733569.html.
[18]
王震, 孔盈皓, 李伟. “碳中和”背景下中国天然气产业发展综述[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(8): 194-202.
WANG Zhen, KONG Yinghao, LI Wei. An overview of the development of Chinese natural gas industry in the context of “Carbon Neutrality”[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(8): 194-202.
[19]
国家管网集团规划建设“五纵五横”天然气干线网络[J]. 焊管, 2021, 44(5): 55.
National Pipe Network Group plans to build “five vertical and five horizontal” natural gas trunk line network[J]. Welded Pipe and Tube, 2021, 44(5): 55.
[20]
李续, 宁一麟, 邹鹏, 等. “双碳”目标下燃气电厂天然气混氨技术研究进展[J]. 能源科技, 2023, 21(6): 41-45.
LI Xu, NING Yilin, ZOU Peng, et al. Progress of natural gas blended ammonia technology for gas-fired power plants under the target of “Double Carbon”[J]. Energy Science and Technology, 2023, 21(6): 41-45.
[21]
林元书. 直喷氨SCR技术在燃气蒸汽联合循环发电机组上的应用[D]. 保定: 华北电力大学, 2019: 1.
LIN Yuanshu. SCR technology on gas-fired steam combined cycle generating units[D]. Baoding: North China Electric Power University, 2019: 1.
[22]
ARIEMMA G B, SORRENTINO G, RAGUCCI R, et al. Ammonia/methane combustion: stability and NOx emissions[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 241:112071.
[23]
KOBAYASHI H, HAYAKAWA A, SOMARATHNE K D, et al. Science and technology of ammonia combustion[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37: 109-133.
[24]
OKAFOR E, SOMARATHNE K D, HAYAKAWA A, et al. Towards the development of an efficient low-NOx ammonia combustor for a micro gas turbine[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37: 4597-4606.
[25]
MILLER J, BOWMAN C. Mechanism and modeling of nitrogen chemistry in combustion[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1989, 15: 287-338.
[26]
LINDSTEDT R P, LOCKWOOD F C, SELIM M. Detailed kinetic modelling of chemistry and temperature effects on ammonia oxidation[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 1994, 99: 253-276.
[27]
KONNOVA A, RUYCK S. Kinetic modeling of the thermal decomposition of ammonia[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 2000, 152: 23-37.
[28]
MATHIEU O, LEVACQUE A, PETERSEN E. Effects of N2O addition on the ignition of H2O2 mixtures: experimental and detailed kinetic modeling study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37: 15393-15405.
[29]
MATHIEU O, PETERSEN E. Experimental and modeling study on the high-temperature oxidation of ammonia and related NOx chemistry[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162: 554-570.
[30]
GLARBORG P, MILLER J A, RUSCIC B, et al. Modeling nitrogen chemistry in combustion[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2018, 67: 31-68.
[31]
SHRESTHA K, SEIDEL L, ZEUCH T, et al. Detailed kinetic mechanism for the oxidation of ammonia including the formation and reduction of nitrogen oxides[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2018, 32: 10202-10217.
[32]
LI R, KONNOV A, HE G, et al. Chemical mechanism development and reduction for combustion of NH3/H2/ CH4 mixtures[J]. Fuel, 2019, 257: 116059.
[33]
OKAFOR E, NAITO Y, COLSON S, et al. Experimental and numerical study of the laminar burning velocity of CH4-NH3-air premixed flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2018, 187: 185-198.
[34]
OKAFOR E, NAITO Y, COLSON S, et al. Measurement and modelling of the laminar burning velocity of methane-ammonia-air flames at high pressures using a reduced reaction mechanism[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2019, 204: 162-175.
[35]
CHEN P, LI X, WANG H, et al. Study on fuel-N conversion mechanism of ammonia-coal co-firing at different combustion stages[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2024, 117: 101829.
[36]
LIU J, LIU D, DAI L, et al. The effects of C/N cross-reactions on the NH3/C3H8 combustion: a shock-tube and modeling study[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2024, 270: 113716.
[37]
SZANTHOFFER A, ZSÉLY I, KAWKA L, et al. Testing of NH3/H2 and NH3/syngas combustion mechanisms using a large amount of experimental data[J]. Applications in Energy and Combustion Science, 2023, 14: 100127.
[38]
DIAO S, LI H, YU M. Atomic insights into the combustion mechanism of DME/NH3 mixtures: a combined ReaxFF-MD and DFT study[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 80: 743-753.
[39]
ZHAO Z, ZHANG Z, ZHA X, et al. Fuel-NO formation mechanism in MILD-oxy combustion of CH4/NH3 fuel blend[J]. Fuel, 2023, 331: 125817.
[40]
ZHU W, ZHANG M, ZHANG X, et al. A comprehensive kinetic modeling study on NH3/H2, NH3/CO and NH3/CH4 blended fuels[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 85: 228-241.
[41]
KHADE A, DAMODARA V, CHEN D. Reduced mechanism for combustion of ammonia and natural gas mixtures[J]. Clean Technology, 2023, 5: 484-496.
[42]
KHATEEB A, GUIBERTI T, ZHU X, et al. Stability limits and exhaust NO performances of ammonia-methane-air swirl flames[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2024, 114: 110058.
[43]
WANG G, HUANG L, TU H, et al. Stable lean co-combustion of ammonia/methane with air in a porous burner[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 248: 123092.
[44]
MASOUMI S, ASHJAEE M, HOUSHFAR E. Laminar flame stability analysis of ammonia-methane and ammonia-hydrogen dual-fuel combustion[J]. Fuel, 2024, 363: 131041.
[45]
FÜZESI D, WANG S, JÓZSA V, et al. Ammonia-methane combustion in a swirl burner: experimental analysis and numerical modeling with flamelet generated manifold model[J]. Fuel, 2023, 341: 127403.
[46]
DAI H, WANG J, CAI X, et al. Measurement and scaling of turbulent burning velocity of ammonia/methane/air propagating spherical flames at elevated pressure[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2022, 242: 112183.
[47]
ZHOU J, TIAN J, ZHANG X, et al. Investigation of the ammonia-methane-air laminar burning characteristics at high temperatures and pressures[J]. Fuel, 2024, 365: 130987.
[48]
ILBAS M, KUMUK O, ALABAS B. Experimental investigation of the combustion instability behaviors and NOx emissions in an ammonia/methane fueled low eddy premixed burner[J]. Journal of the Energy Institute, 2023, 108: 101241.
[49]
UDDEEN K, TANG Q, SHI H, et al. Performance and emission analysis of ammonia-ethanol and ammonia-methane dual-fuel combustion in a spark-ignition engine: an optical study[J]. Fuel, 2024, 358: 130296.
[50]
BASTANI M, TABEJAMAAT S, ASHINI H. Numerical and experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia/methane fuel mixture in micro gas turbine combustor[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2024, 49: 1399-1415.
[51]
刘文锋, 帅瑞洋, 王平, 等. 湍流旋流氨气-甲烷预混火焰燃烧特性研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2024, 45(6): 1598-1604.
LIU Wenfeng, SHUAI Ruiyang, WANG Ping, et al. Combustion characterization of a turbulent cyclone ammonia-methane premixed flame[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2024, 45(6): 1598-1604.
[52]
孙锦国, 黄骞, 张易阳, 等. 滑动弧辅助甲烷/氨旋流火焰的稳燃和排放特性[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(8): 2234-2241.
SUN Jinguo, HUANG Qian, ZHANG Yiyang, et al. Steady combustion and emission characteristics of sliding arc-assisted methane/ammonia cyclone flame[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(8): 2234-2241.
[53]
吉龙娟, 王金华, 胡光亚, 等. CH4/NH3/空气预混稀燃火焰结构及吹熄特性实验研究[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2023, 29(5): 517-526.
JI Longjuan, WANG Jinhua, HU Guangya, et al. Experimental study on flame structure and blowout characteristics of CH4/NH3/air premixed dilute combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2023, 29(5): 517-526.
[54]
卫旭涛, 王金华, 张猛, 等. 氨气/甲烷旋流火焰结构及NOx排放规律研究[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(4): 1108-1115.
WEI Xutao, WANG Jinhua, ZHANG Meng, et al. Study on the structure of ammonia/methane cyclone flame and NOx emission pattern[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(4): 1108-1115.
[55]
GUO Y, SHI H, LIU H, et al. Reactive molecular dynamics simulation and chemical kinetic modeling of ammonia/methane co-combustion[J]. Fuel, 2023, 354: 129341.
[56]
WANG J, HUANG F, WANG X, et al. Role of methane in ammonia combustion in air: from microscale to macroscale[J]. Fuel Processing Technology, 2024, 256: 108075.
[57]
MIKULČIĆ H, BALETA J, WANG X, et al. Numerical simulation of ammonia/methane/air combustion using reduced chemical kinetics models[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2021, 46: 23548-23563.
[58]
TOLOUEI A, GHAREHGHANI A. Numerical investigation of premixed methane-ammonia combustion in a mesoscale porous combustor[J]. Fuel, 2024, 366: 131427.
[59]
SUN J, YANG Q, ZHAO N, et al. Numerically study of CH4/NH3 combustion characteristics in an industrial gas turbine combustor based on a reduced mechanism[J]. Fuel, 2022, 327: 12489.
[60]
XIAO H, VALERA-MEDINA A, BOWEN P. Study on premixed combustion characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels[J]. Energy, 2017, 140: 125-135.
[61]
BAYRAMOĞLU K, BAHLEKEH A, MASERA K. Numerical investigation of the hydrogen, ammonia and methane fuel blends on the combustion emissions and performance[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2023, 48(99): 39586-39598.
[62]
BARBAS M, COSTA M, VRANCKX S. Experimental and chemical kinetic study of CO and NO formation in oxy-methane premixed laminar flames doped with NH3[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015, 162(4): 1294-1303.
[63]
WANG Y, LIU J, WANG L, et al. Non-premixed combustion and NOx emission characteristics in a micro gas turbine swirl combustor fueled by methane and ammonia at various heat loads[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9: 14521.
[64]
季然, 韩昕璐, 朱润凡, 等. 含硫天然气与氨气的层流火焰速度测量与反应动力学研究[J]. 能源工程, 2021(5): 1-4.
JI Ran, HAN Xinlu, ZHU Runfan, et al. Measurement of laminar flame velocity and reaction kinetics of sulfur-containing natural gas and ammonia[J]. Energy Engineering, 2021(5): 1-4.
[65]
张文举, 宋旭东, 吴润民, 等. 掺氨甲烷火焰自由基化学发光燃烧特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(5): 1826-1838.
ZHANG Wenju, SONG Xudong, WU Runmin, et al. Characterization of ammonia-doped methane flame free radical chemilumine scence combustion[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(5): 1826-1838.
[66]
匡玉成, 王亚飞, 韩大伟, 等. 过量空气系数和氨气浓度对CH4/NH3MILD燃烧特性的数值研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2025, 45(4): 1542-1550.
KUANG Yucheng, WANG Yafei, HAN Dawei, et al. Numerical study on the combustion characteristics of CH4/NH3 MILD by excess air factor and ammonia concentration[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2025, 45(4): 1542-1550.
[67]
谢梦茜, 涂垚杰, 刘豪, 等. MILD燃烧方式下燃料NOx生成特性数值模拟[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2023, 29(1): 94-102.
XIE Mengxi, TU Yaojie, LIU Hao, et al. Numerical simulation of fuel NOx generation characteristics under MILD combustion[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2023, 29(1): 94-102.
[68]
杨证淳, 王平, 钱伟佳, 等. 旋流数对氨气-甲烷旋流预混合火焰燃烧特性的影响研究[J]. 推进技术, 2024, 45(10): 120-127.
YANG Zhengchun, WANG Ping, QIAN Weijia, et al. Effects of cyclone number on combustion characteristics of ammonia-methane cyclone premixed flame[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024, 45(10): 120-127.
[69]
VALERA-MEDINA A, MARSH R, RUNYON J, et al. Ammonia-methane combustion in tangential swirl burners for gas turbine power generation[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 185: 1362-1371.
[70]
陈磊, 方世东, 沈洁, 等. 氨燃料发电研究进展[J]. 工程热物理学报, 2022, 43(8): 2212-2224.
CHEN Lei, FANG Shidong, SHEN Jie, et al. Progress of ammonia-fueled power generation[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2022, 43(8): 2212-2224.
[71]
吉雍彬, 葛冰, 毛荣海, 等. 富油/焠熄/贫油(RQL)燃烧室燃烧和排放特性的实验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2017, 38(6): 1335-1342.
JI Yongbin, GE Bing, MAO Ronghai, et al. Experimental study of combustion and emission characteristics of oil-rich/quench/oil-poor (RQL) combustion chamber[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2017, 38(6): 1335-1342.
[72]
朱旭彤, 张亮, 葛冰, 等. 旋流器间距及空气分配对富油/焠熄/贫油燃烧室温度和排放的影响[J]. 燃烧科学与技术, 2021, 27(4): 416-423.
ZHU Xutong, ZHANG Liang, GE Bing, et al. Effects of cyclone spacing and air distribution on oil-rich/quench/oil-poor combustion chamber temperature and emission[J]. Journal of Combustion Science and Technology, 2021, 27(4): 416-423.
[73]
ROCHA R, COSTA M, BAI X. Combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia under conditions relevant to modern gas turbines[J]. Combustion Science & Technology, 2021, 93(14): 2514-2533.
[74]
MEI B, ZHANG J, SHI X, et al. Enhancement of ammonia combustion with partial fuel cracking strategy: laminar flame propagation and kinetic modeling investigation of NH3/H2/N2/air mixtures up to 10 atm[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2021, 231: 111472.
[75]
LESMANA H, ZHU M, ZHANG Z, et al. Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of laminar flame speed in mixtures of partially dissociated NH3 in air[J]. Fuel, 2020, 278: 118428.
[76]
LESMANA H, ZHU M, ZHANG Z, et al. Experimental and kinetic modelling studies of flammability limits of partially dissociated NH3 and air mixtures[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2020, 38: 2023-2030.
[77]
余露. 天然气电厂富氧燃烧特性和NOx生成机理研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2019: 1.
YU Lu. Research on oxygen-enriched combustion characteristics and NOx generation mechanism of natural gas power plant[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2019: 1.
[78]
SHRESTHA K, LHUILLIER C, BARBOSA A, et al. An experimental and modeling study of ammonia with enriched oxygen content and ammonia/hydrogen laminar flame speed at elevated pressure and temperature[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2021, 38(2): 2163-2174.
[79]
XIAO H, WANG Z, VALERA-MEDINA A, et al. Study on characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels under oxygen enriched combustion conditions[J]. Journal of Thermal Science, 2018, 27(3): 270-276.
2025年第54卷第8期
PDF下载
129
57
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055
  • 接收时间:2025-03-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-13
基金
Key Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Ministry(2022YFB4003903)
科技部重点研发计划项目(2022YFB4003903)
作者信息
    1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
    2.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海 200240

通讯作者:

张海(1987),男,副教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为燃料高效清洁低碳利用理论与技术,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202503055
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏