Article(id=1236372358668276496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202409221, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1734883200000, revisedDateStr=2024-12-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772703740993, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1756051200000, pubDateStr=2025-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772703740993, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772703740993, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772703740993, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236372356109751006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='174', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772703740384, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772788131769, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236726319342481872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236726319342481873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236372356109751006, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=168, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236372359037375261, articleId=1236372358668276496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Experimental study on co-firing of coal and refused derived fuel, columnId=1236372358878000047, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Carbon neutral fuel coupled combustion and emission control, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The use of large-scale coal-fired power units mixed with refused derived fuel (RDF) can reduce carbon emissions and solve the problem of waste management. To verify the feasibility of co-firing RDF in coal-fired boilers, initial tests were conducted using a one-dimensional furnace to determine the maximum allowable proportion of RDF. Then, pilot-scale tests were carried out on a 4 MW boiler to study the effect of RDF co-firing on coal grinding, combustion, pollutant emissions, and slagging and fouling. The results showed that, when the co-firing ratio of RDF was less than 10% (mass ratio), the mass concentration of dioxins in the flue gas, and dioxins and heavy metals in the ash residue were all below the pollutant control standards. When 10% of RDF was co-grounded with coal in a medium speed mill, the fineness of R90 increased to 27.2%. When the coal and RDF were mixed and co-fired, the flame temperature and NOx formation concentration decreased, the slagging in the combustion air zone increased, while the horizontal flue fouling changes were relatively minor, and the combustible content in the bottom slag increased to about 15%. The research will provide reference for co-firing RDF in coal-fired boilers.

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利用大型燃煤机组掺烧垃圾衍生燃料(refuse derived fuel,RDF)可以减少碳排放,同时破解垃圾治理难题。为验证RDF在燃煤锅炉中掺烧的可行性,首先利用一维炉开展煤粉与RDF耦合燃烧试验,确定RDF的容纳比例极限,然后在4 MW锅炉上开展煤与RDF耦合燃烧的中试试验,研究了RDF掺烧对锅炉制粉、燃烧、污染物排放及沾污结渣的影响。结果表明:RDF掺烧质量比小于10%时,烟气中的二噁英质量浓度、灰渣中的二噁英及重金属质量浓度均小于污染物控制标准;10%的RDF与煤在中速磨煤机中共磨时,煤粉细度R90增大到27.2%;煤与RDF混合掺烧时,火焰温度及NOx生成质量浓度均减小,燃尽风区域结渣加重,水平烟道沾污变化较小,底渣中可燃物质量分数增大约15%。该结论将为燃煤锅炉掺烧RDF提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张向宇(1984),男,博士,主要研究方向为低碳燃料燃烧,
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文海南(1999),男,硕士,主要研究方向为生物质掺烧技术,

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ArticleFig(id=1236372369535717847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同位置结渣速率, figureFileSmall=5QFLxVIRyAMEwQRxPkt5xg==, figureFileBig=R2JFNJ0PO2iinMrAWqYi6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236372369598632412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Proximate and ultimate analysis of the coals and RDF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤质工业分析/w%元素分析/w%低位热值/(MJ·kg–1)
MtMadAarVdafCarHarOarNarSar
沙尔湖17.8012.5219.0636.1946.212.2914.070.490.0816.21
神优15.304.3910.5134.7861.293.138.270.740.7623.24
乌兰12.304.199.3535.0564.813.458.900.860.3328.93
RDF1.100.8424.7092.7140.954.4427.670.800.3514.47
), ArticleFig(id=1236372369674129888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤与RDF的工业元素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤质工业分析/w%元素分析/w%低位热值/(MJ·kg–1)
MtMadAarVdafCarHarOarNarSar
沙尔湖17.8012.5219.0636.1946.212.2914.070.490.0816.21
神优15.304.3910.5134.7861.293.138.270.740.7623.24
乌兰12.304.199.3535.0564.813.458.900.860.3328.93
RDF1.100.8424.7092.7140.954.4427.670.800.3514.47
), ArticleFig(id=1236372369783181798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Mass concentrations of heavy metals in ash residue after co-firing RDF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号重金属元素浸出液质量浓度限值重金属元素质量浓度
RDF掺烧比10%RDF掺烧比20%RDF原料
14.50<0.02<0.020.10
240.00<0.01<0.01<0.01
3100.000.020.08
40.15<0.01<0.01<0.01
50.25<0.030.14<0.03
60.05<0.000 02<0.000 02
70.02<0.004<0.004
825.001.865.54
90.50<0.02<0.02<0.02
100.300.002 100.005 600.017 50
), ArticleFig(id=1236372369971925484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

掺烧RDF后灰渣中主要重金属元素质量浓度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号重金属元素浸出液质量浓度限值重金属元素质量浓度
RDF掺烧比10%RDF掺烧比20%RDF原料
14.50<0.02<0.020.10
240.00<0.01<0.01<0.01
3100.000.020.08
40.15<0.01<0.01<0.01
50.25<0.030.14<0.03
60.05<0.000 02<0.000 02
70.02<0.004<0.004
825.001.865.54
90.50<0.02<0.02<0.02
100.300.002 100.005 600.017 50
), ArticleFig(id=1236372370085171699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Mass fractions of combustible matters in ash residue

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煤质给料量/(kg·h–1)飞灰/%底渣/%
纯煤3503.110.58
4173.650.64
RDF掺烧比10%3504.0814.22
4174.5515.36
), ArticleFig(id=1236372370194223608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236372358668276496, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

灰渣中的可燃物质量分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
煤质给料量/(kg·h–1)飞灰/%底渣/%
纯煤3503.110.58
4173.650.64
RDF掺烧比10%3504.0814.22
4174.5515.36
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垃圾衍生燃料耦合煤粉燃烧试验研究
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文海南 1, 2 , 张向宇 1 , 刘雯 3 , 马兆耀 1, 2 , 杜智华 1 , 徐世明 2
热力发电 | 碳中性燃料耦合燃烧与排放控制 2025,54(8): 168-174
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热力发电 | 碳中性燃料耦合燃烧与排放控制 2025, 54(8): 168-174
垃圾衍生燃料耦合煤粉燃烧试验研究
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文海南1, 2 , 张向宇1 , 刘雯3, 马兆耀1, 2, 杜智华1, 徐世明2
作者信息
  • 1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2.中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 3.华能(天津)煤气化发电有限公司,天津 300457
  • 文海南(1999),男,硕士,主要研究方向为生物质掺烧技术,

通讯作者:

张向宇(1984),男,博士,主要研究方向为低碳燃料燃烧,
Experimental study on co-firing of coal and refused derived fuel
Hainan WEN1, 2 , Xiangyu ZHANG1 , Wen LIU3, Zhaoyao MA1, 2, Zhihua DU1, Shiming XU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.School of Low-Carbon Energy and Power Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
  • 3.Huaneng (Tianjin) Coal Gasification Power Generation Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300457, China
出版时间: 2025-08-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409221
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利用大型燃煤机组掺烧垃圾衍生燃料(refuse derived fuel,RDF)可以减少碳排放,同时破解垃圾治理难题。为验证RDF在燃煤锅炉中掺烧的可行性,首先利用一维炉开展煤粉与RDF耦合燃烧试验,确定RDF的容纳比例极限,然后在4 MW锅炉上开展煤与RDF耦合燃烧的中试试验,研究了RDF掺烧对锅炉制粉、燃烧、污染物排放及沾污结渣的影响。结果表明:RDF掺烧质量比小于10%时,烟气中的二噁英质量浓度、灰渣中的二噁英及重金属质量浓度均小于污染物控制标准;10%的RDF与煤在中速磨煤机中共磨时,煤粉细度R90增大到27.2%;煤与RDF混合掺烧时,火焰温度及NOx生成质量浓度均减小,燃尽风区域结渣加重,水平烟道沾污变化较小,底渣中可燃物质量分数增大约15%。该结论将为燃煤锅炉掺烧RDF提供参考。

燃煤锅炉  /  垃圾衍生燃料  /  二噁英  /  重金属  /  结渣

The use of large-scale coal-fired power units mixed with refused derived fuel (RDF) can reduce carbon emissions and solve the problem of waste management. To verify the feasibility of co-firing RDF in coal-fired boilers, initial tests were conducted using a one-dimensional furnace to determine the maximum allowable proportion of RDF. Then, pilot-scale tests were carried out on a 4 MW boiler to study the effect of RDF co-firing on coal grinding, combustion, pollutant emissions, and slagging and fouling. The results showed that, when the co-firing ratio of RDF was less than 10% (mass ratio), the mass concentration of dioxins in the flue gas, and dioxins and heavy metals in the ash residue were all below the pollutant control standards. When 10% of RDF was co-grounded with coal in a medium speed mill, the fineness of R90 increased to 27.2%. When the coal and RDF were mixed and co-fired, the flame temperature and NOx formation concentration decreased, the slagging in the combustion air zone increased, while the horizontal flue fouling changes were relatively minor, and the combustible content in the bottom slag increased to about 15%. The research will provide reference for co-firing RDF in coal-fired boilers.

coal-fired boiler  /  refuse derived fuel  /  dioxins  /  heavy metal  /  slagging
文海南, 张向宇, 刘雯, 马兆耀, 杜智华, 徐世明. 垃圾衍生燃料耦合煤粉燃烧试验研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (8) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409221
Hainan WEN, Xiangyu ZHANG, Wen LIU, Zhaoyao MA, Zhihua DU, Shiming XU. Experimental study on co-firing of coal and refused derived fuel[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (8) : 168 -174 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409221
垃圾衍生燃料(refuse derived fuel,RDF)是利用城市固体废弃物中的可燃部分经过干燥、分选、破碎、造粒制备而成的固体替代燃料[1],来源广泛,水分低,内部空隙较小,可长期堆放和长途运输,同时具有绿色低碳的特点[2]。RDF燃料是固废资源化循环利用的有效途径[3],相比于垃圾焚烧发电,RDF燃烧兼具垃圾减量化、资源化、无害化等优点[4],同时污染性更小、可利用性更强[5],在国内外得到广泛应用。RDF技术的概念最早由英国在1980年提出[6],美国是最早使用RDF发电的国家,已有15家电厂使用RDF作为焚烧炉燃料[7]。日本于1994年建成了首座RDF加工厂,目前已有50多座RDF加工和RDF发电厂在运行[8]。国内对RDF的研究起步较晚,2001年建成了国内第1条RDF生产线[9],RDF相关标准也正在编制中[10]
利用大型燃煤机组掺烧RDF可以减少碳排放[11],同时破解垃圾治理难题,推动经济社会绿色发展,对于火电行业实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义[12]。国内外学者围绕RDF与煤的共燃特性开展了大量基础研究。Karuana等人[13]研究了RDF掺烧对水冷壁及其他金属腐蚀的影响,其中氯元素的含量对锅炉腐蚀影响较大。Hryb等人[14]对不同RDF中的汞进行检测,发现RDF中的汞与燃煤相比较少。李延吉等[15]研究了不同添加剂对垃圾衍生燃料热解的影响。
RDF在燃煤锅炉中掺烧可能引起重金属和二噁英排放超标,这是目前制约其用于电厂掺烧的瓶颈[16-17]。Buekens等人[18]研究表明将原生垃圾分类后其中的重金属和氯含量降低,制备的RDF燃烧后二噁英排放质量浓度降低。赵鹏勃等[19-20]研究了RDF与煤混烧时污染物排放特性,在掺烧比例小于20%时,氮氧化物、硫化物、二噁英、重金属均达到排放标准。陈峰等[21]利用75 t/h循环流化床锅炉掺烧RDF,烟气中二噁英含量远低于标准控制值,同时灰渣中的重金属含量和原煤工况接近。
RDF目前主要用于水泥窑掺烧[22],在燃煤电厂应用较少。意大利Fusina电厂[23]进行了煤与RDF的共燃测试,RDF稳定供给量达到9 t/h。福建华电永安发电有限公司[24]利用300 MW机组循环流化床锅炉掺烧RDF,掺烧量50 t/d,热量占比为1.5%,取得了显著的经济效益。广东粤电云河发电有限公司在300 MW机组循环流化床锅炉中掺烧RDF燃料棒发电,采用直接掺烧工艺,掺烧比例为5%,掺烧过程中出现的主要问题是电除尘器堵塞。
RDF在燃煤锅炉中的高效低污染燃烧技术亟待研究。本文首先利用一维炉开展煤粉与RDF耦合燃烧试验,确定RDF的容纳比例极限,然后在4 MW锅炉上开展煤与RDF耦合燃烧的中试试验,研究RDF掺烧对锅炉制粉、燃烧、污染物排放及沾污结渣的影响,以期为燃煤机组掺烧RDF提供重要参考。
试验用一维炉系统示意如图1所示。炉壁由电加热积木式结构组成,共有6级,每级均设有测量点,可测量燃烧时的火焰温度、污染物、结渣情况等。风粉混合物由锥体顶部引入,炉顶及第1级炉体的锥型为渐扩结构,可使风粉混合物在加热过程中均匀膨胀,充满截面,消除了烟气回流,形成无轴向混合的柱塞状流动,因此沿炉膛轴向测定的参数可表征煤粉气流燃烧过程的特征。
选择沙尔湖煤、神优煤和乌兰煤3个煤种与RDF进行掺混,RDF选用成型棒状燃料,主要成分为塑料、布纺和毛皮,通过破碎、分选、压缩制备而成,RDF中氯质量分数为0.462%。RDF掺烧质量比分别为0%、10%、20%。试验过程中控制入炉热量不变,改变煤种、过量空气系数和RDF掺烧比例,测量烟气中的二噁英、灰渣中的二噁英、重金属和其他污染物含量。煤和RDF的工业分析和元素分析见表1
控制入炉热量和风量不变,在一维炉第1级测点处测量火焰温度,各煤种的火焰温度随RDF掺烧比例的变化如图2所示。由图2可以看到:纯RDF的火焰温度为1 110 ℃,低于煤和RDF混合燃料的火焰温度;随着RDF掺烧比例增加,混合燃料的火焰温度逐渐降低,这表明RDF作为一种低热值燃料,入炉掺烧后会降低理论燃烧温度。
在一维炉第6级测点处利用烟气分析仪测量烟气中的NOx质量浓度,过量空气系数为1.1。各煤种燃烧后生成的NOx质量浓度随RDF掺烧比例的变化如图3所示。可以看到,3个煤种的NOx生成质量浓度均随着RDF掺烧比例的增加而减少,这表明掺烧RDF会降低燃煤锅炉NOx生成质量浓度,并且降低的幅度会随着掺烧比例增加而增大。
在一维炉底部取出渣样,在旋风除尘器底部取出灰样,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(HJ781—2016)对灰渣中22种重金属元素的浸出毒性进行检测,其中主要元素的检测结果见表2。根据《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008),一般工业固体废物经过处理后,重金属浸出液质量浓度低于表2中浸出液质量浓度限值时,即可按一般工业废弃物送入生活垃圾填埋场进行处置。由表2可以看出,RDF原料及灰渣中的重金属浸出液质量浓度均远小于控制标准中的浸出液质量浓度限值。即使在RDF掺烧比例20%下,煤与RDF混烧后的灰渣仍然属于一般工业废弃物,没有达到危废的标准。
在旋风除尘器末端布置烟气探针,按照《环境二噁英类监测技术规范》(HJ 916—2017)进行二噁英取样。按照《工业固体废物采样制样技术规范》(HJ/T 20—1988),在一维炉底部取出渣样,在旋风除尘器底部取出灰样,然后对灰渣和烟气中的二噁英按照《环境空气和废气二噁英类的测定同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法》(HJ 77.2—2008)进行检测,检测结果如图4所示。
图4可以看出,RDF掺烧比例增大,灰渣和烟气中的二噁英含量升高。根据《危险废物鉴别标准毒性物质含量鉴别》(GB 5085.6—2007),固废中二噁英质量分数应小于15 μg/kg,GB16889—2008中规定生活垃圾焚烧飞灰和医疗废物焚烧残渣中二噁英质量分数应小于3 μg/kg,当RDF掺烧比例分别为10%和20%时,灰渣中的二噁英质量分数分别为520、920 ng/kg,均远小于控制值。《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB 18485—2014)中烟气中二噁英质量浓度的限制值为0.1 ng/m3,而在20%掺烧比例下烟气中的二噁英含量已超出控制标准,因此当RDF中氯质量分数高于0.462%时,应控制RDF的掺烧比例不大于10%。
4 MW燃烧试验台为Π型炉,底部有W火焰燃烧模块、四角切圆燃烧模块与墙式对冲旋流燃烧模块串联布置。试验台整体为积木式结构、炉内布置有水冷模块,内径为2 m×2 m,高16 m。烟气在前转向室转向进入过热器段,过热器之后为后转向室。炉内每隔一定间距配备测温系统,测量烟气沿程烟温。炉体各段均配有测量孔,测量其中的结渣情况和污染物质量浓度等。4 MW试验系统如图5所示。
根据一维炉试验结果,RDF在燃煤锅炉中掺烧时应控制掺烧比例不大于10%,因此将沙尔湖煤与RDF按照质量比9:1均匀掺混,然后在4 MW试验台上开展燃烧试验,对沿程烟温、污染物排放、结渣情况以及燃尽性进行研究。
将煤与RDF均匀掺混后送入中速磨煤机中制粉,控制磨煤机出口风温小于70 ℃,改变磨煤机给料量,在磨煤机出口取样,测量混合燃料的细度,结果如图6所示。中速磨煤机研磨纯煤时,约为10%,掺入10%的RDF后,混合燃料研磨后的细度显著升高,R90增大到27.2%,并且随着给粉量增加,R90持续增大,细度R200的变化趋势与R90基本一致。这表明,以塑料、毛皮为主的RDF在中速磨煤机中的可磨性较差,出料细度很粗,并且会影响煤的制粉细度。
按照相同的入炉热负荷控制煤粉和混合燃料的给粉速率,测量沿程烟温分布,结果如图7所示。掺烧10%RDF后火焰温度降低约50 ℃,与一维炉试验结果一致。掺烧RDF后水平烟道处烟温升高,会引起锅炉效率降低,这主要是由于RDF制粉后粒径偏大,燃烧过程向尾部烟道处延迟,部分粗颗粒在水平烟道处继续燃烧引起烟温升高。
根据不同过量空气系数调节入炉总风量,纯煤和掺烧工况下一、二次风配比均保持不变。在低温过热器出口处抽取烟气测量NOx质量浓度,结果如图8所示。相同的过量空气系数下,掺烧RDF后NOx生成质量浓度比纯煤燃烧有所减少。随着过量空气系数增加,NOx生成质量浓度均显著升高。
进一步研究RDF掺烧对锅炉结渣沾污的影响。在4 MW锅炉的燃尽风段、连接段、分隔屏段分别放入结渣探针,稳定燃烧30 min后取出结渣探针。纯煤和RDF掺烧工况下结渣探针的照片如图9所示。可以看到,掺烧RDF后燃尽风段结渣量显著增加,而连接段和分隔屏段渣量较少。
从结渣探针上刮下渣样并进行称重,得到不同工况和位置下的结渣和沾污速率,结果如图10所示。与纯煤燃烧相比,掺烧10%RDF后燃尽风段的结渣速率显著升高,这表明RDF是一种易结渣燃料,在锅炉中掺烧时容易引起结渣。2个工况下锅炉连接段和分隔屏段的结渣速率变化不大,同时纯RDF的灰分中钾、钠质量分数分别为0.56%、0.97%,碱金属质量分数偏低,而秸秆、木材灰分中的钾钠碱金属总质量分数往往在12%~41%、2%~30%[25],RDF灰分中的钾钠总质量分数远低于农林生物质,表明掺烧RDF不会引起锅炉水平烟道严重沾污。
进一步观察不同位置的结渣速率,纯煤3个位置的结渣速率逐步下降,而掺烧比10%时分隔屏段较连接段反而出现小幅度上升。结合图5可知,分隔屏段处于水平烟道和炉膛的垂直处,相比于连接段,烟气与结渣棒在此处接触面积更大,烟气中的颗粒和结渣棒在此处的碰撞概率会更大,导致结渣速率变大。纯煤的3个位置结渣速率逐步下降,而掺烧比10%在分隔屏段出现小幅度上升,表明RDF掺烧时颗粒在连接段、分隔屏段颗粒变化较小,燃烧向尾部烟道处延迟,与火焰温度变化中结论一致。
在纯煤和掺烧10%RDF2个工况下,检测灰渣样中的可燃物质量分数见表3
纯煤燃烧时,飞灰中的可燃物质量分数约为3%,底渣中的可燃物质量分数小于1%。在煤中掺入RDF后,飞灰中的可燃物质量分数增加到约4%,而底渣中的可燃物质量分数增大到约15%,这表明有大量的未可燃物掉入了低渣中。结合RDF燃料的制粉特性可以发现,由于RDF燃料在中速磨煤机中无法破碎,制粉粒径远大于煤粉,进入炉膛后大粒径的颗粒会直接掉入底渣中,在底渣中燃烧并升高了底渣可燃物质量分数。因此,在燃煤锅炉中掺烧RDF时,应选择炉膛上部燃烧器耦合。
1)根据《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB 18485—2014)中对二噁英的限值,燃煤锅炉掺烧RDF的容纳比例极限为10%(质量比),煤与RDF混烧后灰渣中的重金属和二噁英质量浓度均小于控制标准,属于一般工业废弃物。
2)以塑料、毛皮为主的RDF燃料在中速磨煤机中基本无法破碎制粉,与煤混磨后R90增大到27.2%。掺烧10%RDF后煤粉火焰温度降低约50 ℃,NOx生成质量浓度减小,RDF延迟燃烧,在锅炉燃尽风区域结渣速率显著增大,在水平烟道区域沾污速率变化较小,飞灰可燃物相比纯煤燃烧略有升高,底渣中可燃物质量分数增大到约15%。
3)利用大型燃煤机组掺烧RDF可以减少碳排放,同时破解垃圾治理难题。掺烧RDF时应控制掺烧比例,选择炉膛上部燃烧器耦合,应关注RDF燃料对炉膛结渣的影响,对机组高温腐蚀、脱硫、除尘等系统的影响还有待进一步研究。
  • 中国华能集团有限公司科技项目(HNKJ24-H105)
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2025年第54卷第8期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202409221
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-08-25
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  • 修回日期:2024-12-23
基金
Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ24-H105)
中国华能集团有限公司科技项目(HNKJ24-H105)
作者信息
    1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    2.中国矿业大学低碳能源与动力工程学院,江苏 徐州 221116
    3.华能(天津)煤气化发电有限公司,天津 300457

通讯作者:

张向宇(1984),男,博士,主要研究方向为低碳燃料燃烧,
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202409221
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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