Article(id=1236369223388287398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236369220812984708, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711641600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-29, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772702993484, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1732464000000, pubDateStr=2024-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772702993484, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772702993484, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772702993484, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236369220812984708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772702992871, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772703093306, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236369642126627337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236369220812984708, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236369642126627338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236369220812984708, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=20, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236369223782551983, articleId=1236369223388287398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Collaborative planning between multiple types of power supply zones based on demand-side regulation potential modeling, columnId=1236369221647651205, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on low-carbon transformation of power system, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper focuses on aggregating decentralized demand-side resources through virtual power plants (VPPs) to enhance the peak load management capability in the construction of new electric power systems. The research centers on the core issue of “load-based” virtual power plants participating in power source planning. It investigates the modeling methods for the adjustable potential of virtual power plants, including electric vehicles, air conditioning loads, and industrial loads. Moreover, the paper delineates the economic and operational technical constraints of virtual power plants in power source planning and constructs a power source planning model that accounts for VPPs. Considering the prediction errors of renewable energy and the characterization errors of the VPPs’ response potential, the paper utilizes interval optimization theory to reformulate the model into an interval planning model and completes the deterministic transformation of the model through interval order relations and interval possibility. The rationality of the proposed power source planning method is verified through a case study. The results show that the proposed method can effectively aggregate VPP resources, significantly enhancing the system’s peak load management capability. The constructed interval planning model can effectively handle forecast errors, ensuring the reliability of planning. This method provides an economically feasible solution for the transformation of the source-load structure in new electric power systems. It is evident that the aggregation and optimized dispatch of VPPs can significantly enhance the flexibility and reliability of the power system.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Dawei ZHANG, Kai KANG, Jian DING, Siqi PANG, Lijie SUN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1236369225833566759, articleId=1236369223388287398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于需求侧调节潜力模型的多类型电源区间协同规划, columnId=1236369221807034759, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=电力系统低碳转型研究专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

探讨了虚拟电厂在新型电力系统中增强调峰能力的作用,特别是针对负荷类资源如电动汽车、空调和工业负荷的聚合与优化,研究建立了这些资源的可调潜力模型,并分析了其在电源规划中的经济和技术约束。在此基础上,构建了一个包含虚拟电厂的电源规划模型,采用区间优化理论处理新能源预测和虚拟电厂响应的不确定性,通过区间序关系和可能度实现模型的确定性转化。最后通过某改造后电力系统为期5年的电源规划计算算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,结果表明该方法能显著提升系统调峰能力,有效处理预测误差,可为电力系统的经济性和可靠性提供解决方案。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=jGvKCefqId/9SzDlA+tx6A==, magXml=8nYF2Cy2N41Hu0sTuNXetQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=vMHsgE3dIb0xUP1DbtjzwQ==, pdfFileSize=1417610, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=9vheYmSv0jyVPYJs508sLw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=g1c+uA7D7ijW+bIl+J/ZbA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

张大伟(1991),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统规划,

, authorsList=张大伟, 康凯, 丁键, 庞思奇, 孙丽杰)}, authors=[Author(id=1236369226487878246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=1342946590@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236369226575958635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369226487878246, language=EN, stringName=Dawei ZHANG, firstName=Dawei, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010010, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236369226731147902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369226487878246, language=CN, stringName=张大伟, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010, bio={"content":"

张大伟(1991),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统规划,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

张大伟(1991),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统规划,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236369226139750976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226152333889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226139750976, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226169111108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226139750976, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010)])]), Author(id=1236369226798256771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236369226911502988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369226798256771, language=EN, stringName=Kai KANG, firstName=Kai, middleName=null, lastName=KANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Power Supply Service Supervision and Support Center of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227066692248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369226798256771, language=CN, stringName=康凯, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司供电服务监管与支持中心,内蒙古 通辽 028000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236369226257191501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226265580111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226257191501, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Power Supply Service Supervision and Support Center of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226273968720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226257191501, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司供电服务监管与支持中心,内蒙古 通辽 028000)])]), Author(id=1236369227146384037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227242853042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369227146384037, language=EN, stringName=Jian DING, firstName=Jian, middleName=null, lastName=DING, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227335127738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369227146384037, language=CN, stringName=丁键, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236369226353660505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226370437722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226378826332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000)])]), Author(id=1236369227419013829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227523871437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369227419013829, language=EN, stringName=Siqi PANG, firstName=Siqi, middleName=null, lastName=PANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227616146132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369227419013829, language=CN, stringName=庞思奇, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236369226353660505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226370437722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226378826332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000)])]), Author(id=1236369227712615131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227825861350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369227712615131, language=EN, stringName=Lijie SUN, firstName=Lijie, middleName=null, lastName=SUN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1236369227930718961, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, authorId=1236369227712615131, language=CN, stringName=孙丽杰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236369226353660505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226370437722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226378826332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1236369228052353789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=power source planning), Keyword(id=1236369228144628485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=virtual power plant), Keyword(id=1236369228215931662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=potential modeling), Keyword(id=1236369228304012052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=interval optimization), Keyword(id=1236369228379509532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=电源规划), Keyword(id=1236369228446618404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=虚拟电厂), Keyword(id=1236369228526310188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=潜力建模), Keyword(id=1236369228639556410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=区间优化)], refs=[Reference(id=1236369231831420950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=2806, pageEnd=2819, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=张智刚, 康重庆, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张智刚, 康重庆. 碳中和目标下构建新型电力系统的挑战与展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(8): 2806-2819., articleTitle=碳中和目标下构建新型电力系统的挑战与展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369231927889950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=2806, pageEnd=2819, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=ZHANG Zhigang, KANG Chongqing, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Zhigang, KANG Chongqing. Challenges and prospects for constructing the new-type power system towards a carbon neutrality future[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(8): 2806-2819., articleTitle=Challenges and prospects for constructing the new-type power system towards a carbon neutrality future, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232015970338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=15, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=赵本源, 熊岑, 张沛超, journalName=电力需求侧管理, refType=null, unstructuredReference=赵本源, 熊岑, 张沛超, 等. 信息物理融合的负荷型虚拟电厂聚合方法[J]. 电力需求侧管理, 2020, 22(1): 15-20., articleTitle=信息物理融合的负荷型虚拟电厂聚合方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232120827944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=22, issue=1, pageStart=15, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=ZHAO Benyuan, XIONG Cen, ZHANG Peichao, journalName=Power Demand Side Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Benyuan, XIONG Cen, ZHANG Peichao, et al. Aggregation method of load virtual power plant based on cyber⁃physical system[J]. Power Demand Side Management, 2020, 22(1): 15-20., articleTitle=Aggregation method of load virtual power plant based on cyber⁃physical system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232238268463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=山西省行政规范性文件库, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=山西省行政规范性文件库. 关于印发《虚拟电厂建设与运营管理实施方案》的通知[EB/OL]. (2024-01-03)[2024-03-01]. http://www.shanxi.gov.cn/., articleTitle=关于印发《虚拟电厂建设与运营管理实施方案》的通知, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232334737461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=Shanxi Province Administrative Normative Document Database, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Shanxi Province Administrative Normative Document Database. Notice on issuing the Implementation Plan for Construction and Operation Management of Virtual Power Plant[EB/OL]. (2024-01-03) [2024-03-01]. http://www.shanxi.gov.cn/., articleTitle=Notice on issuing the Implementation Plan for Construction and Operation Management of Virtual Power Plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232414429245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=16, pageStart=37, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=王彩霞, 时智勇, 梁志峰, journalName=电力系统自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王彩霞, 时智勇, 梁志峰, 等. 新能源为主体电力系统的需求侧资源利用关键技术及展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(16): 37-48., articleTitle=新能源为主体电力系统的需求侧资源利用关键技术及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232527675457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=16, pageStart=37, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=WANG Caixia, SHI Zhiyong, LIANG Zhifeng, journalName=Automation of Electric Power Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Caixia, SHI Zhiyong, LIANG Zhifeng, et al. Key technologies and prospects of demand-side resource utilization for power systems dominated by renewable energy[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(16): 37-48., articleTitle=Key technologies and prospects of demand-side resource utilization for power systems dominated by renewable energy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232670281800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=2544, pageEnd=2551, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=孙韩, 陈宗海, 武骥, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=孙韩, 陈宗海, 武骥. 计及电动汽车不确定性的家庭微电网实时能量调度策略[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(7): 2544-2551., articleTitle=计及电动汽车不确定性的家庭微电网实时能量调度策略, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232817082448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=2544, pageEnd=2551, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=SUN Han, CHEN Zonghai, WU Ji, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUN Han, CHEN Zonghai, WU Ji. Online energy dispatch strategy for residential microgrid considering uncertainty of electric vehicle[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(7): 2544-2551., articleTitle=Online energy dispatch strategy for residential microgrid considering uncertainty of electric vehicle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369232930328664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=45, issue=23, pageStart=17, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=刘萌, 梁雯, 张晔, journalName=电力系统保护与控制, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘萌, 梁雯, 张晔, 等. 温控负荷群Fokker-Planck方程聚合模型的数值拉普拉斯反变换求解方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2017, 45(23): 17-23., articleTitle=温控负荷群Fokker-Planck方程聚合模型的数值拉普拉斯反变换求解方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233047769182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=45, issue=23, pageStart=17, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=LIU Meng, LIANG Wen, ZHANG Ye, journalName=Power System Protection and Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Meng, LIANG Wen, ZHANG Ye, et al. Numerical inverse Laplace transform solving method of thermostatically controlled load group’s Fokker-Planck equation aggregation model[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2017, 45(23): 17-23., articleTitle=Numerical inverse Laplace transform solving method of thermostatically controlled load group’s Fokker-Planck equation aggregation model, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233152626790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=68, issue=8, pageStart=7368, pageEnd=7382, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=FOTOUHI Z, HASHEMI M R, NARIMANI H, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FOTOUHI Z, HASHEMI M R, NARIMANI H, et al. A general model for EV drivers’ charging behavior[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(8): 7368-7382., articleTitle=A general model for EV drivers’ charging behavior, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233236512874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=699, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=13, authorNames=杨秀, 傅广努, 刘方, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨秀, 傅广努, 刘方, 等. 考虑多重因素的空调负荷聚合响应潜力评估及控制策略研究[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(2): 699-714., articleTitle=考虑多重因素的空调负荷聚合响应潜力评估及控制策略研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233328787573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=46, issue=2, pageStart=699, pageEnd=714, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=YANG Xiu, FU Guangnu, LIU Fang, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Xiu, FU Guangnu, LIU Fang, et al. Potential evaluation and control strategy of air conditioning load aggregation response considering multiple factors[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(2): 699-714., articleTitle=Potential evaluation and control strategy of air conditioning load aggregation response considering multiple factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233450422394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=11, pageStart=207, pageEnd=216, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=15, authorNames=王明深, 于汀, 穆云飞, journalName=电力自动化设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王明深, 于汀, 穆云飞, 等. 考虑用户参与度的电动汽车能效电厂模型[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37(11): 207-216., articleTitle=考虑用户参与度的电动汽车能效电厂模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233546891391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=11, pageStart=207, pageEnd=216, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=WANG Mingshen, YU Ting, MU Yunfei, journalName=Electric Power Automation Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Mingshen, YU Ting, MU Yunfei, et al. Model of E-EPP considering participation factor of EV users[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37(11): 207-216., articleTitle=Model of E-EPP considering participation factor of EV users, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233676914826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=151, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=17, authorNames=李彬, 明雨, 郝一浩, journalName=电力自动化设备, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李彬, 明雨, 郝一浩, 等. 基于融合FCN-TCN-LSTM的工业大用户可调节潜力分析模型[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2023, 43(7): 151-166., articleTitle=基于融合FCN-TCN-LSTM的工业大用户可调节潜力分析模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233819521168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=151, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=LI Bin, MING Yu, HAO Yihao, journalName=Electric Power Automation Equipment, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Bin, MING Yu, HAO Yihao, et al. Adjustable potential analysis model for large industrial users based on FCN-TCN-LSTM fusion[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43(7): 151-166., articleTitle=Adjustable potential analysis model for large industrial users based on FCN-TCN-LSTM fusion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369233920184468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=2231, pageEnd=2241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=19, authorNames=艾欣, 周树鹏, 陈政琦, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=艾欣, 周树鹏, 陈政琦, 等. 多随机因素下含可中断负荷的电力系统优化调度模型与求解方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(8): 2231-2241., articleTitle=多随机因素下含可中断负荷的电力系统优化调度模型与求解方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234037624989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=8, pageStart=2231, pageEnd=2241, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=AI Xin, ZHOU Shupeng, CHEN Zhengqi, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AI Xin, ZHOU Shupeng, CHEN Zhengqi, et al. Research on optimal scheduling model and solving method for power system with interruptible load considering multi stochastic factors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(8): 2231-2241., articleTitle=Research on optimal scheduling model and solving method for power system with interruptible load considering multi stochastic factors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234146676898, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=13, issue=11, pageStart=1862, pageEnd=1872, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=HAMIDPOUR H, AGHAEI J, PIROUZI S, journalName=IET Renewable Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAMIDPOUR H, AGHAEI J, PIROUZI S, et al. Flexible, reliable, and renewable power system resource expansion planning considering energy storage systems and demand response programs[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2019, 13(11): 1862-1872., articleTitle=Flexible, reliable, and renewable power system resource expansion planning considering energy storage systems and demand response programs, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234272506024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=432, pageEnd=441, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=22, authorNames=黄远明, 张玉欣, 夏赞阳, journalName=上海交通大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄远明, 张玉欣, 夏赞阳, 等. 考虑需求响应资源和储能容量价值的新型电力系统电源规划方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2023, 57(4): 432-441., articleTitle=考虑需求响应资源和储能容量价值的新型电力系统电源规划方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234377363631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=57, issue=4, pageStart=432, pageEnd=441, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=HUANG Yuanming, ZHANG Yuxin, XIA Zanyang, journalName=Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG Yuanming, ZHANG Yuxin, XIA Zanyang, et al. Power system planning considering demand response resources and capacity value of energy storage[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(4): 432-441., articleTitle=Power system planning considering demand response resources and capacity value of energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234482221235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=101, issue=null, pageStart=475, pageEnd=482, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=24, authorNames=BARINGO L, CONEJO A J, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARINGO L, CONEJO A J. Correlated wind-power production and electric load scenarios for investment decisions[J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 101: 475-482., articleTitle=Correlated wind-power production and electric load scenarios for investment decisions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234574495927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=114, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=25, authorNames=张玮琪, 王沿胜, 杨钊, journalName=电力系统及其自动化学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张玮琪, 王沿胜, 杨钊, 等. 考虑新能源、电动汽车充电站与储能协调优化的分布鲁棒规划方法研究[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2023, 35(8): 114-125., articleTitle=考虑新能源、电动汽车充电站与储能协调优化的分布鲁棒规划方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234641604793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=35, issue=8, pageStart=114, pageEnd=125, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=26, authorNames=ZHANG Weiqi, WANG Yansheng, YANG Zhao, journalName=Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Weiqi, WANG Yansheng, YANG Zhao, et al. Research on distributionally robust planning method for coordination and optimizationof new energy, electric vehicle charging station and energy storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2023, 35(8): 114-125., articleTitle=Research on distributionally robust planning method for coordination and optimizationof new energy, electric vehicle charging station and energy storage, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234704519359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=2256, pageEnd=2272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=27, authorNames=黎静华, 朱梦姝, 陆悦江, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黎静华, 朱梦姝, 陆悦江, 等. 综合能源系统优化调度综述[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(6): 2256-2272., articleTitle=综合能源系统优化调度综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234796794052, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=45, issue=6, pageStart=2256, pageEnd=2272, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=28, authorNames=LI Jinghua, ZHU Mengshu, LU Yuejiang, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Jinghua, ZHU Mengshu, LU Yuejiang, et al. Review on optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(6): 2256-2272., articleTitle=Review on optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369234977149133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=29, authorNames=U.S. Department of Energy, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=U.S. Department of Energy. Benefits of demand response in electricity markets and recommendations for achieving them[R/OL]. (2024-01-03)[2024-03-01]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/oeprod/DocumentsandMedia/DOE_Benefits_of_Demand_Response_in_Electricity_Markets_and_Recommendations_for_Achieving_Them_Report_to_Congress.pdf., articleTitle=Benefits of demand response in electricity markets and recommendations for achieving them, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235069423829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=3, issue=1, pageStart=131, pageEnd=138, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=30, authorNames=YAO M, HU Z, ZHANG N, journalName=Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO M, HU Z, ZHANG N, et al. Low-carbon benefits analysis of energy-intensive industrial demand response resources for ancillary services[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2015, 3(1): 131-138., articleTitle=Low-carbon benefits analysis of energy-intensive industrial demand response resources for ancillary services, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235153309914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=34, issue=22, pageStart=3654, pageEnd=3663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=31, authorNames=王蓓蓓, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王蓓蓓. 面向智能电网的用户需求响应特性和能力研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(22): 3654-3663., articleTitle=面向智能电网的用户需求响应特性和能力研究综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235253973220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=34, issue=22, pageStart=3654, pageEnd=3663, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=32, authorNames=WANG Beibei, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Beibei. Research on consumers’ response characterics and ability under smart grid: a literatures survey[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(22): 3654-3663., articleTitle=Research on consumers’ response characterics and ability under smart grid: a literatures survey, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235358830827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=12, issue=19, pageStart=4260, pageEnd=4268, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=33, authorNames=CHEN X, WANG J, XIE J, journalName=IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN X, WANG J, XIE J, et al. Demand response potential evaluation for residential air conditioning loads[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018, 12(19): 4260-4268., articleTitle=Demand response potential evaluation for residential air conditioning loads, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235442716913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=9, pageStart=1973, pageEnd=1984, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=吴界辰, 艾欣, 胡俊杰, journalName=电工技术学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴界辰, 艾欣, 胡俊杰. 需求侧资源灵活性刻画及其在日前优化调度中的应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(9): 1973-1984., articleTitle=需求侧资源灵活性刻画及其在日前优化调度中的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235543380218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=35, issue=9, pageStart=1973, pageEnd=1984, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=35, authorNames=WU Jiechen, AI Xin, HU Junjie, journalName=Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Jiechen, AI Xin, HU Junjie. Methods for characterizing flexibilities from demand-side resources and their applications in the day-ahead optimal scheduling[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(9): 1973-1984., articleTitle=Methods for characterizing flexibilities from demand-side resources and their applications in the day-ahead optimal scheduling, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235648237822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=王锡凡, journalName=电力系统优化规划, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王锡凡. 电力系统优化规划[M]. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1990: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235774066946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=WANG Xifan, journalName=Power system optimization planning, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xifan. Power system optimization planning[M]. Beijing: Water Resources and Electric Power Press, 1990: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235883118856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=46, issue=20, pageStart=54, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=刘文霞, 姚齐, 王月汉, journalName=电力系统自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘文霞, 姚齐, 王月汉, 等. 基于阶梯型需求响应机制的供需主从博弈电源规划模型[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(20): 54-63., articleTitle=基于阶梯型需求响应机制的供需主从博弈电源规划模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369235983782157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=46, issue=20, pageStart=54, pageEnd=63, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=LIU Wenxia, YAO Qi, WANG Yuehan, journalName=Automation of Electric Power Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Wenxia, YAO Qi, WANG Yuehan, et al. Generation planning model of stackelberg game between supply and demand based on stepped demand response mechanism[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(20): 54-63., articleTitle=Generation planning model of stackelberg game between supply and demand based on stepped demand response mechanism, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369236092834065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=1083, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=LI Q, WANG J, ZHANG Y, journalName=Sustainability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Q, WANG J, ZHANG Y, et al. Multi-period generation expansion planning for sustainable power systems to maximize the utilization of renewable energy sources[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(3): 1083., articleTitle=Multi-period generation expansion planning for sustainable power systems to maximize the utilization of renewable energy sources, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369236197691666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=17, pageStart=63, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=41, authorNames=苏永新, 聂伟棋, 谭貌, journalName=电力系统自动化, refType=null, unstructuredReference=苏永新, 聂伟棋, 谭貌. 考虑风电接入和气电转换的综合能源系统日前区间优化[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(17): 63-71., articleTitle=考虑风电接入和气电转换的综合能源系统日前区间优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369236298354971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=43, issue=17, pageStart=63, pageEnd=71, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=42, authorNames=SU Yongxin, NIE Weiqi, TAN Mao, journalName=Automation of Electric Power Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SU Yongxin, NIE Weiqi, TAN Mao. Day-ahead interval optimization of integrated energy system considering wind power integration and gas-electricity transformation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(17): 63-71., articleTitle=Day-ahead interval optimization of integrated energy system considering wind power integration and gas-electricity transformation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369236411601183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=21, pageStart=7212, pageEnd=7225, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=43, authorNames=曾博, 徐富强, 刘裕, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曾博, 徐富强, 刘裕, 等. 考虑可再生能源与需求响应协同增效的能量枢纽多目标区间优化规划方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(21): 7212-7225., articleTitle=考虑可再生能源与需求响应协同增效的能量枢纽多目标区间优化规划方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369236499681569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=21, pageStart=7212, pageEnd=7225, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=44, authorNames=ZENG Bo, XU Fuqiang, LIU Yu, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG Bo, XU Fuqiang, LIU Yu, et al. Multi-objective interval optimization approach for energy hub planning with consideration of renewable energy and demand response synergies[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(21): 7212-7225., articleTitle=Multi-objective interval optimization approach for energy hub planning with consideration of renewable energy and demand response synergies, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236369236617122088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=5, issue=41, pageStart=457, pageEnd=461, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=45, authorNames=ZENG B, ZHAO L, journalName=Operations Research Letters, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZENG B, ZHAO L. Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method[J]. Operations Research Letters, 2013, 5(41): 457-461., articleTitle=Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236369231554596873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, awardId=526620230003, language=EN, fundingSource=Technology Project of State Grid Inner Mongolia East Electric Power Co., Ltd.(526620230003), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236369231718174733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, awardId=526620230003, language=CN, fundingSource=国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司科技项目(526620230003), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1236369226139750976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226152333889, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226139750976, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226169111108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226139750976, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236369226257191501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226265580111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226257191501, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Power Supply Service Supervision and Support Center of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226273968720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226257191501, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司供电服务监管与支持中心,内蒙古 通辽 028000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1236369226353660505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226370437722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1236369226378826332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, companyId=1236369226353660505, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1236369228777968453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The meaning of adjustable potential of virtual power plants, figureFileSmall=xNlPIMvY2K3uYRh+r+gV5A==, figureFileBig=9vheYmSv0jyVPYJs508sLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369228874437455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=图1, caption=虚拟电厂的可调潜力含义, figureFileSmall=xNlPIMvY2K3uYRh+r+gV5A==, figureFileBig=9vheYmSv0jyVPYJs508sLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229088346976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ladder incentives for virtual power plants, figureFileSmall=O1yEXmY2mUiwPl3R3CBevw==, figureFileBig=3WvoPv9KxHfo2INRxDkJsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229163844451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=图2, caption=虚拟电厂的阶梯激励, figureFileSmall=O1yEXmY2mUiwPl3R3CBevw==, figureFileBig=3WvoPv9KxHfo2INRxDkJsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229226759020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Production results of power sources during the planning period, figureFileSmall=Kh6552/4v1K481CGaheqiQ==, figureFileBig=NzkZhhnGPuOfbxHOHMtjWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229331616627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=图3, caption=规划期内电源投产结果, figureFileSmall=Kh6552/4v1K481CGaheqiQ==, figureFileBig=NzkZhhnGPuOfbxHOHMtjWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229440668539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Operation situation during typical days at the end of the planning period, figureFileSmall=DgbmeMPksBjPWJrnHxJhgA==, figureFileBig=R9B9F7KBn5hxu3JCJ36ufQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229520360322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=图4, caption=规划期末年典型日内系统运行情况, figureFileSmall=DgbmeMPksBjPWJrnHxJhgA==, figureFileBig=R9B9F7KBn5hxu3JCJ36ufQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229612635017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Detailed operation results of electric vehicle virtual power plants during the typical day, figureFileSmall=8ioD4y5bs7mfcrzWWyyoDw==, figureFileBig=/u6UvylBWN84Uo1X8FLUtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229688132494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=图5, caption=典型日内电动汽车虚拟电厂详细运行结果, figureFileSmall=8ioD4y5bs7mfcrzWWyyoDw==, figureFileBig=/u6UvylBWN84Uo1X8FLUtw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236369229788795797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Typical response parameters for industrial loads

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行业响应形式可调负荷
占比/%
可调时长/h
化工业可中断50.5~2.0
有色金属冶炼业可中断50.5~2.0
黑色金属冶炼业可中断200.5~2.0
非金属矿物制品业可中断/可转移250.5~4.0
纺织业可转移300.5~4.0
机械制造业可转移400.5~4.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236369229868487582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

工业负荷的典型响应参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行业响应形式可调负荷
占比/%
可调时长/h
化工业可中断50.5~2.0
有色金属冶炼业可中断50.5~2.0
黑色金属冶炼业可中断200.5~2.0
非金属矿物制品业可中断/可转移250.5~4.0
纺织业可转移300.5~4.0
机械制造业可转移400.5~4.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236369229943985058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Technical and economic parameters of the candidate power sources

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电源
类型
单机容量/MW单位造价/(元·kW–1)固定运维费用/(元·kW–1)单位运行成本/(元·kW–1)
火电12004 750800.125
火电23004 1001000.099
风电503 2501500
光伏502 7501650
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230053036971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

待选电源技术经济参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电源
类型
单机容量/MW单位造价/(元·kW–1)固定运维费用/(元·kW–1)单位运行成本/(元·kW–1)
火电12004 750800.125
火电23004 1001000.099
风电503 2501500
光伏502 7501650
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230128534446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Technical and economic parameters of the candidate virtual power plants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
虚拟电厂类型单位造价/(元·kW–1)最大响应时长/h日内响应次数一阶段激励价格/(元·kW–1二阶段激励价格/(元·kW–1
空调8052136
电动汽车6602124
可中断
工业负荷
5002136
可转移
工业负荷
5502124
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230271140789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

待选虚拟电厂的技术经济参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
虚拟电厂类型单位造价/(元·kW–1)最大响应时长/h日内响应次数一阶段激励价格/(元·kW–1二阶段激励价格/(元·kW–1
空调8052136
电动汽车6602124
可中断
工业负荷
5002136
可转移
工业负荷
5502124
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230375998399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of production capacity of power sources with and without virtual power plants

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电源类型含虚拟电厂的
电源新增容量
不含虚拟电厂的
电源新增容量
火电2 2003 600
风电7 1507 150
光伏7 5007 550
虚拟电厂1 262
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230459884484, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

有无虚拟电厂时的电源投产容量对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
电源类型含虚拟电厂的
电源新增容量
不含虚拟电厂的
电源新增容量
火电2 2003 600
风电7 1507 150
光伏7 5007 550
虚拟电厂1 262
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230564742090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Economic comparison between two planning schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成本项含虚拟电厂
的规划方案
不含虚拟电厂
的规划方案
规划期总成本173.819174.892
规划期总投资成本23.48325.226
规划期总运行成本150.336149.666
虚拟电厂投资成本1.439
虚拟电厂调用成本0.183
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230682182613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2种规划方案的经济性对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
成本项含虚拟电厂
的规划方案
不含虚拟电厂
的规划方案
规划期总成本173.819174.892
规划期总投资成本23.48325.226
规划期总运行成本150.336149.666
虚拟电厂投资成本1.439
虚拟电厂调用成本0.183
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230787040221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of power supply capacity under conditions with different load capacities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
容量/%火电/ MW风电/ MW光伏/ MW虚拟电厂/ MW
工业负荷802 2007 1007 3501 142
1002 2007 1507 5001 262
1202 2007 2007 6501 382
空调负荷502 0007 1507 4501 197
1002 2007 1507 5001 262
1502 4007 1507 5501 327
电动汽车负荷802 2007 1507 4501 241
1002 2007 1507 5001 262
1202 2007 1507 5501 283
), ArticleFig(id=1236369230879314916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同负荷容量下电源投产容量对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
容量/%火电/ MW风电/ MW光伏/ MW虚拟电厂/ MW
工业负荷802 2007 1007 3501 142
1002 2007 1507 5001 262
1202 2007 2007 6501 382
空调负荷502 0007 1507 4501 197
1002 2007 1507 5001 262
1502 4007 1507 5501 327
电动汽车负荷802 2007 1507 4501 241
1002 2007 1507 5001 262
1202 2007 1507 5501 283
), ArticleFig(id=1236369231013532650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Comparison of planning results between interval planning and basic models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目火电风电光伏虚拟电厂
算例12 2006 4506 7501 138
算例22 4006 4506 8001 327
算例32 2007 1507 5001 161
算例42 2007 1507 5001 262
), ArticleFig(id=1236369231202276335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

区间规划与基础模型的规划结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目火电风电光伏虚拟电厂
算例12 2006 4506 7501 138
算例22 4006 4506 8001 327
算例32 2007 1507 5001 161
算例42 2007 1507 5001 262
), ArticleFig(id=1236369231315522553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Comparison between interval optimization and robust optimization results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目火电/ MW风电/ MW光伏/ MW虚拟电厂/ MW总成本/亿元
区间优化2 2007 1507 5001 262173.819
鲁棒优化2 2007 2007 5501 435174.384
), ArticleFig(id=1236369231420380160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236369223388287398, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

区间优化与鲁棒优化结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目火电/ MW风电/ MW光伏/ MW虚拟电厂/ MW总成本/亿元
区间优化2 2007 1507 5001 262173.819
鲁棒优化2 2007 2007 5501 435174.384
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于需求侧调节潜力模型的多类型电源区间协同规划
收藏切换
PDF下载
张大伟 1 , 康凯 2 , 丁键 3 , 庞思奇 3 , 孙丽杰 3
热力发电 | 电力系统低碳转型研究专题 2024,53(11): 10-20
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 电力系统低碳转型研究专题 2024, 53(11): 10-20
基于需求侧调节潜力模型的多类型电源区间协同规划
全屏
张大伟1 , 康凯2, 丁键3, 庞思奇3, 孙丽杰3
作者信息
  • 1.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 2.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司供电服务监管与支持中心,内蒙古 通辽 028000
  • 3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000
  • 张大伟(1991),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电力系统规划,

Collaborative planning between multiple types of power supply zones based on demand-side regulation potential modeling
Dawei ZHANG1 , Kai KANG2, Jian DING3, Siqi PANG3, Lijie SUN3
Affiliations
  • 1.State Grid Inner Mongolia Eastern Power Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010010, China
  • 2.Power Supply Service Supervision and Support Center of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China
  • 3.Tongliao Power Supply Company of Inner Mongolia East Power Co., Ltd., Tongliao 028000, China
出版时间: 2024-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061
文章导航
收藏切换

探讨了虚拟电厂在新型电力系统中增强调峰能力的作用,特别是针对负荷类资源如电动汽车、空调和工业负荷的聚合与优化,研究建立了这些资源的可调潜力模型,并分析了其在电源规划中的经济和技术约束。在此基础上,构建了一个包含虚拟电厂的电源规划模型,采用区间优化理论处理新能源预测和虚拟电厂响应的不确定性,通过区间序关系和可能度实现模型的确定性转化。最后通过某改造后电力系统为期5年的电源规划计算算例分析,验证了所提方法的有效性,结果表明该方法能显著提升系统调峰能力,有效处理预测误差,可为电力系统的经济性和可靠性提供解决方案。

电源规划  /  虚拟电厂  /  潜力建模  /  区间优化

This paper focuses on aggregating decentralized demand-side resources through virtual power plants (VPPs) to enhance the peak load management capability in the construction of new electric power systems. The research centers on the core issue of “load-based” virtual power plants participating in power source planning. It investigates the modeling methods for the adjustable potential of virtual power plants, including electric vehicles, air conditioning loads, and industrial loads. Moreover, the paper delineates the economic and operational technical constraints of virtual power plants in power source planning and constructs a power source planning model that accounts for VPPs. Considering the prediction errors of renewable energy and the characterization errors of the VPPs’ response potential, the paper utilizes interval optimization theory to reformulate the model into an interval planning model and completes the deterministic transformation of the model through interval order relations and interval possibility. The rationality of the proposed power source planning method is verified through a case study. The results show that the proposed method can effectively aggregate VPP resources, significantly enhancing the system’s peak load management capability. The constructed interval planning model can effectively handle forecast errors, ensuring the reliability of planning. This method provides an economically feasible solution for the transformation of the source-load structure in new electric power systems. It is evident that the aggregation and optimized dispatch of VPPs can significantly enhance the flexibility and reliability of the power system.

power source planning  /  virtual power plant  /  potential modeling  /  interval optimization
张大伟, 康凯, 丁键, 庞思奇, 孙丽杰. 基于需求侧调节潜力模型的多类型电源区间协同规划. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (11) : 10 -20 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061
Dawei ZHANG, Kai KANG, Jian DING, Siqi PANG, Lijie SUN. Collaborative planning between multiple types of power supply zones based on demand-side regulation potential modeling[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (11) : 10 -20 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061
新能源的大规模接入以及负荷结构的改变为电网调峰带来挑战,电网需要合理地规划配置灵活性调峰资源以保障系统运行的安全性和稳定性[1]。当前需求侧资源的调节能力愈发得到重视,通过能源与信息深度融合的虚拟电厂技术将空间上分散的多种资源聚合后参与电力系统运行,对新型电力系统建设的意义非凡[2]。其中运营商垂直化聚合具备负荷调节能力的某一类型电力用户,作为一个呈现负荷状态的整体组建而成的“负荷类”虚拟电厂[3],能够对外提供需求侧灵活调节服务,将在实现源荷互动、满足系统调峰需求等方面发挥重要作用。
现有关于需求侧资源的文献侧重于对其参与辅助服务与调节能力的研究,但对现有容量小、规模大的空调、电动汽车等分散于电力系统底层的需求侧可控负荷逐一进行控制和调度的计算效率过低[4],需要采用数学方法对一定范围内所有可响应资源进行等效聚合表达,充分发挥这些需求侧资源的灵活性,使其参与电力系统优化规划。现有的数学方法包括蒙特卡洛模拟法[5]、福克普朗克定理[6]、马尔可夫链法[7]等。文献[8]在等效热参数模型的基础上建立了空调集群的近似聚合模型,通过额定功率之和与机组占空比的乘积方便快速地估计出空调集群的聚合功率和可调上下界范围。文献[9]将虚拟电池模型引入电动汽车聚合潜力分析中,利用可行域描述电动汽车集群的电力电量可行范围,有效降低了电动汽车集群建模方法的复杂度。文献[10]融合了全卷积神经网络、时域卷积神经网络和长短时记忆神经网络模型,采用历史响应数据和对应调控成本作为基准,分析了大工业用户的可调节潜力。以上研究多侧重于数学方法在需求侧资源聚合的应用,而对需求侧资源在电力系统发挥作用考虑不足。
针对需求侧资源在电力系统中的作用,目前国内外研究大多考虑了其运行特性。文献[11]研究了需求响应对电力系统调度的影响,在传统机组组合模型的基础上引入可中断负荷,并将需求响应激励成本加入系统运行成本中,建立了源荷协调优化的机组组合模型。但现有研究大多未深入探讨这些虚拟电厂在具体电源规划中的应用。有少数研究在电力系统优化规划中考虑了需求侧资源与电力系统的协同规划,文献[12]提出了一种电力系统规划模型,该模型将火电机组、储能系统和需求侧资源作为灵活性资源来平衡系统灵活性和可靠性。文献[13]综合考虑系统灵活性和容量充裕性,建立包括火电、新能源、储能与需求侧资源在内的规划模型,内嵌了全年8 760时段的生产模拟。上述研究通常只考虑特定的需求侧资源类型,随着新型电力系统负荷侧建设的发展,很有必要研究电力系统中广泛存在且种类多样的需求侧资源的影响。同时在需求侧资源的建模中,大多数研究未考虑其投资改造成本和详细的运行约束,以及多种不确定性对模型造成的影响,导致需求侧资源的经济性和灵活性大多被高估。
考虑到需求侧资源的响应行为和响应功率会受到用户、社会和环境等多方面因素的影响,加之来自源侧新能源发电的不确定性,传统的优化模型难以保证计算的准确性。处理规划模型不确定性的2种常用方法是随机优化和鲁棒优化。文献[14]利用蒙特卡罗模拟描述发电机和输电线路故障的不确定性,以及长期负荷预测中的不确定性,提出了基于随机优化的源网规划模型。文献[15]提出考虑新能源不确定性因素以及电动汽车充电站与储能协调优化的分布鲁棒规划模型,并采用C&CG算法进行求解。这些研究伴随问题的日益复杂,处理规划问题面临随机因素的求解方法也有待改进[16]
综上所述,本文围绕“负荷类”虚拟电厂参与电源规划这一核心问题,基于虚拟电厂可调潜力分析研究,建立了包含虚拟电厂的电源规划模型,在此基础上进一步考虑新能源功率的预测误差和虚拟电厂响应潜力的刻画误差,引入区间数将模型改写为区间规划形式,并基于区间序关系与区间可能度完成了模型的确定性转化。算例分析结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性。
目前我国需求侧资源的利用主要围绕大型工业用户展开,未来随着城镇化进程的发展以及电能替代的推进,居民负荷的规模和需求响应潜力将不断攀升,空调与电动汽车将逐步成为重要的需求响应资源[4]。不同类型的柔性负荷之间参数各异,同一类型的柔性负荷参数也具有一定的差异性,对聚合柔性负荷的“负荷类”虚拟电厂参与需求响应的响应潜力进行建模,是其参与电源规划的基础。图1为虚拟电厂的可调潜力含义,给出了虚拟电厂关键的响应参数,并分别从响应形式、功率以及能量特征方面对需求侧可调度潜力进行区分[17],这些参数将作为虚拟电厂参与规划研究的边界条件。
由于工业负荷种类众多,不同种类的工业负荷具有不同的调节性能、生产流程、边界约束和调节成本,并在不同程度上受到来自环境、社会的各种随机因素的影响,所以不同种类的工业负荷参与需求响应的方式和能力也有较大差别,这给工业负荷的可调潜力分析带来巨大挑战。
本文选取典型类型的工业负荷并给出典型响应参数[18-19],结果见表1表1所选典型行业包括化工业、有色金属冶炼业、黑色金属冶炼业、非金属矿物制品业、纺织业和机械制造业。这些行业或用电水平较高,或负荷特征显著,在整个工业负荷中具有一定的代表性,以这些行业为例研究可调潜力对工业负荷虚拟电厂参与电力系统优化规划具有一定的实际参考意义,获取的可调潜力参数可为后续的虚拟电厂建模提供边界条件。
空调负荷是冬季取暖负荷和夏季制冷负荷的最主要组成部分,其占比正在逐年上升,且属于一种调节潜力优秀的可中断型需求响应资源。
目前等效热参数模型被广泛应用于空调等温控负荷的建模中,文献[8]给出了空调在制热和制冷模式下的单体模型。等效热参数模型能够将热力学范畴中的热容、热阻、热源和温度用电路范畴中的概念抽象表示。文献[20]用电路模型表示了聚合空调负荷的热力学模型,并给出聚合参数的表达式。根据模型对应的一阶微分方程以及聚合参数取值,可推导出空调负荷虚拟电厂室内温度θAIR,t的时序表达式为:
θAIR,tt=θout,t+ηAIRRAIRPAIR,act,t(θout,t+ηAIRRAIRPAIR,act,tθAIR,t)eΔtCAIRRAIR
式中:θAIR,t为室内温度;ηAIR为空调负荷虚拟电厂的等效效率;RAIR为空调负荷虚拟电厂的等效热阻;PAIR,act,t为空调负荷虚拟电厂的实际用电功率;CAIR为空调负荷虚拟电厂的等效热容;Δt为时间间隔。
在式(1)的基础上,假设调节过程中的空调功率保持恒定,可得到空调负荷虚拟电厂调节潜力的表达式(2),具体推导过程可见文献[20]。
P¯AIR,H=AΔθAIR2(A1)θAIR,HηAIR,H      A=ettrans/(CAIRRAIR)
式中:A为时间常数;ttrans为响应时长。
电动汽车已被证明是一种有效的需求响应资源。接入充电桩的时段内,在保证用户出行舒适度的基础上,能够灵活变换其充放电状态,受到研究人员的广泛关注。电动汽车响应潜力不仅受自身额定充放电功率的限制,也受到电量限制的影响。借助电量可行域的概念[9],可以推导出单台电动汽车在日内各时刻的电量边界。
将单台电动汽车的功率、电量边界分别求和可以表示电动汽车虚拟电厂的功率、电量边界,其计算公式为[21]
P¯EV,t=i=1NEVPev,rate,iWi,t
E¯EV,t=i=1NEVE¯ev,i,tWi,t
E_EV,t=i=1NEVE_ev,i,tWi,t
式中:P¯EV,tt时刻电动汽车虚拟电厂的充放电功率上限;E¯EV,tE_EV,t分别为t时刻电动汽车虚拟电厂的电量上、下限;Pev,rate,i为电动汽车i的额定充放电功率;E¯ev,i,tE_ev,i,t分别为电动汽车it时刻的电量上、下限;Wi,t为第i辆车在t时刻的并网状态。
与投资传统发电机组相比,聚合了柔性负荷的虚拟电厂能够参与电网削峰填谷,不需新建大型发电机及配套输变电设备,从而节约投资成本。但虚拟电厂在安装智能设备、开发运营平台等方面仍需要一定的资金投入,同时虚拟电厂调用产生的激励成本也不可小觑,这对系统的成本效益存在影响。
虚拟电厂的投资成本主要包括硬件投资成本和软件投资成本。由于虚拟电厂的投资成本与投资、运行、退役的全寿命周期各不相同,且电源规划中的系统规划年限与虚拟电厂的寿命周期不一致,必须确定一个统一的折算方式,才能进行规划方案经济性之间的相互比较。参考文献[22],采用成本折算系数将项目投资费用换算为等额的每年1笔的等价费用即等年值。虚拟电厂投资成本的等年值计算公式为:
fVPP,inv=yYiΩ VPPδinv,i,y(xi,yxi,y-1) cVPP,inv,i
式中:y为规划年度编号;Y为规划期年度集合;i为电厂编号;ΩVPP为虚拟电厂集合;fVPP,inv为虚拟电厂的投资成本;cVPP,inv,i为单个虚拟电厂i的投资成本;xi,y为虚拟电厂i在第y年的投产数量;δinv,i,y为虚拟电厂iy年的投资成本折算系数。将投资成本转换为现值再求寿命期内的等年值,即:
δinv,i,y=(1+r)1y×r(1+r)Li(1+r)Li1
式中:r为年贴现率;Li为虚拟电厂i的寿命。
在虚拟电厂建成后,为保证正常运营需要进行一定的日常维护,这部分成本是虚拟电厂的固定运行成本,发生在规划期的每一年,不随具体的调用情况的变化而变化,计算公式为:
fVPP,fix=yYδope,yiΩ VPPxi,ycVPP,fix,i
式中:fVPP,fix为虚拟电厂的固定运行成本;cVPP,fix,i为单个虚拟电厂的固定运行成本;δope,y为运行成本折算系数。通过δope,y将固定运行成本转化为规划期内的等年值进行拉平,计算公式为:
δope,y=(1+r)1y×r(1+r)Y(1+r)Y1
式中:Y为规划期年度集合。
采用阶梯型激励,根据虚拟电厂参与需求响应的程度差异给予不同的单位激励补贴,能更好地激发其需求响应潜力,图2为虚拟电厂的阶梯激励[23]。由图2可见,电力系统能够依据遭遇冲击的严重程度,依次调用不同价格的响应资源。普通需求情况下,调用价格低一档;若系统灵活性缺额大,仅调用价格低一档的无法满足供需平衡要求,则再额外调用价格更高的档位进行补充。
虚拟电厂的激励成本可表示为:
fVPP,ope=yYδope,yiΩ VPPkKωktTmMPVPP,i,y,k,t,mcVPP,i,m
式中:k为场景编号;K为场景集合;t为场景内的时刻编号;T为场景内的时刻集合;m为阶段编号;M为响应程度的阶段集合;ωk为场景k的权重;PVPP,i,y,k,t,m为虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的m阶段响应功率;cVPP,i,m为虚拟电厂im阶段单位激励成本。
按照运行方式,虚拟电厂分为可中断类和可转移类。本节针对虚拟电厂的不同调节特性,分别构建其技术运行约束。
可中断类虚拟电厂的用电具备一定的灵活调控能力,工作时间和功率需求灵活可控,能够根据系统需要改变其负荷需求。
1)可调度功率运行约束
在分段响应情况下,可中断类虚拟电厂的等效发电功率为分段响应功率之和,其计算公式为:
PIL,i,y,k,t=mMPIL,i,y,k,t,m
式中:PIL,i,y,k,t为可中断类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的等效发电功率;PIL,i,y,k,t,m为可中断类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的第m段响应功率。
可中断类虚拟电厂分段响应功率的约束为:
0PIL,i,y,k,t,mxi,yγIL,i,y,k,tP¯IL,i,t,m
式中:γIL,i,y,k,t为可中断类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的响应状态,处于响应状态为1,否则为0;P¯IL,i,t,m为可中断类虚拟电厂it时刻的第m段响应上限。
2)可调度能量运行约束
可中断类虚拟电厂的最大响应时长满足如下约束:
τ=tτ+MRHIL,idIL,i,y,k,τuIL,i,y,k,t
γIL,i,y,k,tγIL,i,y,k,t-1=uIL,i,k,y,tdIL,i,k,y,t
式中:MRHIL,i为可中断类虚拟电厂i的最大响应时长;uIL,i,k,y,t为可中断类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的响应启动标志,取值为1时表示在本时刻开始响应;dIL,i,k,y,t为可中断类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的响应结束标志,取值为1时表示在本时刻结束响应。
可中断类虚拟电厂的可调次数满足:
tTuIL,i,k,y,tADTIL,i
式中:ADTIL,i中断类虚拟电厂i的可调次数。
在实际应用中,可以采用以上公式对空调与可中断大工业用户等进行可中断类虚拟电厂建模。
可转移类虚拟电厂能够实现电量需求在时间上的转移,在负荷高峰期减少用电,在负荷低谷期增加用电,不要求保持原有的负荷曲线形状,确保1个调度周期内总的用电量不变即可。
1)可调度功率运行约束
可转移类虚拟电厂的等效发电功率为原始用电功率与转移后用电功率之差,即转出功率与转入功率之差。表达式为:
PSF,i,k,y,t=mMPSF,out,i,k,y,t,mPSF,in,i,k,y,t
式中:PSF,i,k,y,t为可转移类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻等效发电功率;PSF,out,i,k,y,t,m为可转移类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的第m段转出功率;PSF,in,i,k,y,t为可转移类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的转入功率。
可转移类虚拟电厂的转入转出功率应满足如下约束,其中只对转出功率进行分段约束:
0PSF,in,i,y,k,txi,yγSF,in,i,y,k,tP¯SF,in,i,t
0PSF,out,i,y,k,t,mxi,yγSF,out,i,y,k,tP¯SF,out,i,t,m
γSF,in,i,y,k,t+γSF,out,i,y,k,t1
式中:P¯SF,in,i,t为可转移类虚拟电厂it时刻的转入功率上限;P¯SF,out,i,t,m为可转移类虚拟电厂it时刻的第m段转出功率上限;γSF,in,i,y,k,tγSF,out,i,y,k,t分别为可转移类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的转入、转出状态。
2)可调度能量运行约束
一天内转入电量与转出电量应保持平衡,约束形式为:
tTPSF,in,i,y,k,t=tTmMPSF,out,i,y,k,t,m
可转移类虚拟电厂的最大转出响应时长满足如下约束:
τ=tτ+MRHSF,idSF,i,y,k,τuSF,i,y,k,t
γSF,out,i,y,k,tγSF,out,i,y,k,t-1=uSF,i,k,y,tdSF,i,k,y,t
式中:MRHSF,i为可转移类虚拟电厂i的最大响应时长;为uSF,i,y,k,t可转移类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的响应启动标志,取值为1时表示在本时刻开始转出;dSF,i,y,k,τ为可转移类虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的响应结束标志,取值为1时表示在本时刻结束转出。
可转移类虚拟电厂的可调次数满足如下约束:
tTuSF,i,k,y,tADTSF,i
式中:ADTSF,i为可转移类虚拟电厂i可调次数。
在实际应用中,可以采用式(20)—式(23)对大工业用户等进行可转移类虚拟电厂建模。
电动汽车在响应形式上属于可转移类,但由于电动汽车的响应潜力具有时序特点,且电动汽车具有充放电特性,故电动汽车虚拟电厂在约束形式上与一般的可转移类虚拟电厂不同,在此单独给出。
1)可调度功率运行约束
电动汽车虚拟电厂等效发电功率为无序充电功率与参与调度后实际充电功率之差,表达式为:
PEV,i,k,y,t=P^EV,i,k,y,tPEV,ch,i,k,y,t+mMPEV,dis,i,k,y,t,m
式中:PEV,i,k,y,t为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的等效发电功率;P^EV,i,k,y,t为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的无序充电功率(预测值);PEV,ch,i,k,y,t为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的实际充电功率;PEV,dis,i,k,v,t,m为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的第m段放电功率。
电动汽车虚拟电厂的充放电功率满足以下约束,其中只对放电功率进行分段:
0PEV,ch,i,k,y,txi,yγEV,ch,i,y,k,tP¯EV,i,t
0mMPEV,dis,i,k,y,t,mxi,yγEV,dis,i,y,k,tP¯EV,i,t
γEV,ch,i,y,k,t+γEV,dis,i,y,k,t1
式中:P¯EV,i,t为电动汽车虚拟电厂it时刻的充放电功率上限;γEV,ch,i,y,k,tγEV,dis,i,y,k,t分别为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的充、放电状态。
2)可调度能量运行约束
计及电动汽车并网与离网时刻对虚拟电厂电量总量的阶跃式影响,电动汽车虚拟电厂的电量约束可表示为:
EEV,i,y,k,t+1=EEV,i,y,k,t+xi,yEEV,step,i,y,k,t+1+              (PEV,ch,i,y,k,tηEV,ch,imMPEV,dis,i,y,k,t,m/ηEV,dis,i)Δt
xi,yE_EV,i,tEEV,i,y,k,txi,yE¯EV,i,t
式中:EEV,i,y,k,t为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的电量;EEV,step,i,y,k,t为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的阶跃电量;ηEV,ch,iηEV,dis,i分别为电动汽车虚拟电厂i的充、放电效率;E¯EV,i,tE_EV,i,t分别为电动汽车虚拟电厂it时刻的电量上、下限。
电动汽车虚拟电厂在V2G模式下和无序充电模式下,从电网获取的能量应保持一致,即:
t=1T(PEV,ch,i,y,k,tηEV,ch,imMPEV,dis,i,y,k,t,m/ηEV,dis,i)=                 t=1TP^EV,i,y,k,tηEV,ch,i
此外,电动汽车虚拟电厂会受到最大放电时长和放电次数约束。最大放电时长约束为:
τ=tτ+MRHEV,idEV,i,y,k,τuEV,i,y,k,t
γEV,dis,i,y,k,tγEV,dis,i,y,k,t-1=uEV,i,k,y,tdEV,i,k,y,t
式中:MRHEV,i为电动汽车虚拟电厂i的最大放电时长;uEV,i,k,y,tdEV,i,y,k,t分别为电动汽车虚拟电厂i在第yk场景t时刻的放电启动、结束标志。最大放电次数约束为:
tTuEV,i,k,y,tADTEV,i
式中:ADTEV,i为电动汽车虚拟电厂i最大放电次数。
模型的目标函数为规划期内全系统总成本等年值最小,成本项包含电源投资成本、固定运维成本、燃料消耗成本、启停成本、可再生能源弃电成本和虚拟电厂调用成本。其表达式为:
minf=finv+ffix+ffuel+fsud+             femit+fcurt+fVPP,ope
式中:finv为电源投资成本;ffix为固定运维成本;ffuel为火电机组的燃料成本;fsud为火电机组的启停成本;femit为污染物排放成本;fcurt为可再生能源弃电成本;fVPP,ope为虚拟电厂调用成本。前几项成本可以参考文献[24]。最后1项虚拟电厂调用成本fVPP,ope包含了各类虚拟电厂调用激励成本,计算公式为:
fVPP,ope=yYδope,yiΩILkKωktTmMPIL,i,y,k,t,mcIL,i,m+yYδope,yiΩ SFkKωktTmMPSF,out,i,y,k,t,mcSF,i,m+yYδope,yiΩ EVkKωktT(P^EV,i,y,k,tcEV,i,mPEV,ch,i,y,k,tcEV,i,m+mMPEV,dis,i,y,k,tcEV,i,m)
式中:cIL,i,mcSF,i,mcEV,i,m分别为可中断类虚拟电厂、可转移类虚拟电厂和电动汽车虚拟电厂im段的单位激励成本。
规划相关约束包括投产变量约束、装机充裕度约束和新能源渗透率约束。除第2节介绍的虚拟电厂的运行约束外,其他运行相关约束还包括风光水火储等各类电源的运行约束、系统碳排放约束、地区功率平衡约束、断面传输功率约束等。约束的具体计算公式详见文献[24]。
本文采用区间数形式,对来自新能源的预测误差和虚拟电厂响应潜力的刻画误差加以表达。将规划周期内各时段的风电出力、光伏出力和虚拟电厂可信度系数看作预测值与误差值之和,预测值为确定量,误差值为区间量。
{[PWT,fore,i,y,k,t]=[P_WT,fore,i,y,k,t,P¯WT,fore,i,y,k,t][PPV,fore,i,y,k,t]=[P_PV,fore,i,y,k,t,P¯PV,fore,i,y,k,t][ζVPP,i]=[ζ_VPP,i,ζ¯VPP,i]
式中:P¯WT,fore,i,y,k,tP_WT,fore,i,y,k,t分别为风电场i内单台机组在第yk场景t时刻预测出力的上、下界;P¯PV,fore,i,y,k,tP_ PV,fore,i,y,k,t分别为光伏电站i内单台机组在第yk场景t时刻预测出力的上、下界;ζVPP,i为虚拟电厂i的响应比例系数。
采用区间数表示不确定量后,将确定性目标函数转化为:
minf=finv+ffix+ffuel+fsud+             femit+[fcurt]+fVPP,ope
[fcurt]=yYδope,yiΩHkKωktTPHydro,curt,i,y,k,tcHydro+yYδope,yiΩWTkKωktT(xi,y[Pfore,WT,i,y,k,t]PWT,i,y,k,t)cWT+yYδope,yiΩPVkKωktT(xi,y[Pfore,PV,i,y,k,t]PPV,i,y,k,t)cPV
对于约束条件,改写为如下区间形式。
1)装机充裕度约束
iΩ Gβixi,yPCap,i+iΩ VPPxi,yP¯VPP,i,y[ζVPP,i](1+θ)D¯y
2)新能源电站运行约束
0PWT,i,y,k,txi,y[Pfore,WT,i,y,k,t]
0PPV,i,y,k,txi,y[Pfore,PV,i,y,k,t]
3)可中断类虚拟电厂的响应功率约束
0PIL,i,y,k,t,mxi,yP¯IL,i,t,m[ζVPP,i]
4)可转移类虚拟电厂的转入功率约束与转出功率约束
0PSF,in,i,y,k,txi,yP¯SF,in,i,t[ζVPP,i]
0PSF,out,i,y,k,t,mxi,yP¯SF,out,i,t,m[ζVPP,i]
5)电动汽车虚拟电厂的充放电功率约束、电量上下限约束
0PEV,ch,i,k,y,txi,yP¯EV,i,t[ζVPP,i]
0mMPEV,dis,i,k,y,t,mxi,yP¯EV,i,t[ζVPP,i]
xi,yE_EV,i,t[ζVPP,i]EEV,i,y,k,txi,yE¯EV,i,t[ζVPP,i]
本文采用区间序关系的方法处理不确定目标函数,将其转化为衡量区间中点值与半径值的确定性多目标优化问题,以便使用传统的数学优化方法进行求解[25],计算公式为:
minXf(X)=(1β)fC(X)+βfR(X)
加权因子β显示了决策者的倾向,若加权因子的值为0,则决策者只关心目标函数的平均部分,而对不确定部分完全不关心。
参考随机优化模型中的置信水平,在求解区间优化模型时,可引入可能度水平,使不确定约束在所设可能度水平下成立[26]。给定可能度λ,可利用式(49)、式(50)将2类区间不等式约束转化为确定性约束:
P([A]B)λ(1λ)A_+λA¯B
P(A[B])λAλB_+(1λ)B¯
本文算例针对某改造后电力系统进行为期5年的电源规划计算。规划前系统内电源的总装机容量为15 450 MW,其中火电占比71.2%,新能源占比23.6%。规划期末年系统负荷峰值达18 461 MW,与基准负荷相比增加了46.4%。系统中各类待选电源的技术与经济参数见表2
在需求侧资源方面,根据系统运行技术规范,新增负荷类虚拟电厂的持续响应时长为2 h。参考国内现行市场规则,为虚拟电厂的调用设定两阶段激励。系统待选虚拟电厂的技术与经济参数见表3
规划期内,新能源发电量占比逐年提高,至规划末期新能源发电量占比达到30%。假设新能源相对预测误差为±10%,虚拟电厂的潜力刻画误差为±10%,目标函数加权因子取0.1,区间可能度取0.9。
采用所提区间规划模型求解系统在规划期内的电源规划方案,规划期内的系统逐年新增装机情况如图3所示。由图3可以看出,规划期内电源新增投产容量保持逐年递增,这符合负荷增长趋势。其中,新能源受到每年电量渗透率按一定比例增加的限制,在规划期每年都有风电和光伏的投产。火电机组承担了系统中的基荷和部分峰荷,由于系统内负荷的持续正常,第1年至第5年火电机组有较为稳定的增长。
虚拟电厂在规划期内每年都有所投产,至规划期末年虚拟电厂累积装机容量已达年负荷峰值的6.8%,其中包含空调虚拟电厂3 MW,电动汽车虚拟电厂35 MW,可中断工业负荷虚拟电厂450 MW,可转移工业负荷虚拟电厂774 MW。
图4为规划期末年虚拟电厂被调用的某典型日系统运行情况。其中火电最小出力表示即使在负荷需求很低时,火电站也需要维持的最低运行水平。火电最大出力指在需求达到峰值时,火电能提供的最高电力。由图4可见,典型日内的负荷峰值为12 086 MW,负荷峰谷差为5 076 MW,净负荷峰谷差为9 151 MW。在峰荷时刻的20:00,尽管系统内火电、水电、抽水蓄能与燃气发电机组已满发,仍不能完全满足调峰需求。在此情况下,虚拟电厂被调用进行削峰。
图5给出了典型日内电动汽车虚拟电厂的详细运行情况。由图5可见,电动汽车虚拟电厂在20:00进行放电,在夜间02:00进行大功率充电,其余时刻的充电功率基本与无序充电功率吻合。在电动汽车虚拟电厂参与调用的全过程中,电量都保持在上下界之内,说明了模型的正确性。可转移工业负荷虚拟电厂在20:00将功率转出(等效发电功率为正),在凌晨02:00将功率补回。
在4.1节中算例设置的基础上取消虚拟电厂,可以得到不含虚拟电厂的算例结果。表4给出了有无虚拟电厂时的电源投产容量对比。由表4可见,2种结果的差别主要在于火电机组的投产容量。含虚拟电厂的规划方案中火电新增容量2 200 MW,不含虚拟电厂规划方案火电新增容量3 600 MW,即节省了1 400 MW火电机组的投资。所减少的火电容量由虚拟电厂参与调峰作为顶替,总计容量为1 262 MW的虚拟电厂替代了1 400 MW的火电。
表5为2种规划方案的经济性对比。由表5可见,不含虚拟电厂的规划方案中,总投资成本为25.226亿元,总运行成本为149.666亿元。含虚拟电厂的规划方案中,总投资成本降低为23.483亿元,总运行成本提高为150.336亿元。总而言之,虚拟电厂参与电源规划后,使得系统总成本降低了1.073亿元,在保障系统调峰能力的同时,提高了系统的经济性。
表6为不同负荷容量下电源投产容量对比。由表6可见,随着负荷的增加各个机组的投产容量也逐步增加。由于工业负荷与电动汽车负荷属于可转移负荷,可通过激励将负荷转移至风电与光伏出力较高时刻,故工业负荷与电动汽车负荷对风电与光伏投产容量影响较大。而空调负荷作为可中断负荷,其出力较为恒定,对火电有很强的影响。
为分析考虑新能源预测误差与虚拟电厂响应潜力刻画误差的区间规划模型与基础模型之间的差别,本节设计了4个对比算例。
算例1 不考虑新能源预测误差与虚拟电厂响应潜力刻画误差,采用基础模型求解电源投产方案。
算例2 仅考虑虚拟电厂响应潜力刻画误差,采用区间规划模型求解电源投产方案。
算例3 仅考虑新能源出力的预测误差,采用区间规划模型求解电源投产方案。
算例4 同时考虑新能源预测误差与虚拟电厂响应潜力刻画误差,采用区间规划模型求解电源投产方案,即4.2节的计算结果。
4种算例所得的规划期内电源新增投产容量见表7
表7可见,在基础模型算例1中,风电新增容量为6 450 MW,光伏新增容量为6 750 MW,虚拟电厂新增容量为1 138 MW。相比算例1,算例2进一步考虑了虚拟电厂响应潜力刻画误差,因这一误差的存在,使得虚拟电厂的实际响应潜力有降低的风险,为保证尖峰时刻系统调峰需求,虚拟电厂的投产容量增加了189 MW。相比算例1,算例3进一步考虑了新能源出力的预测误差,为了确保在误差范围内系统的新能源电量渗透率仍能达到目标,风电和光伏的投产容量分别增加了700 MW和750 MW。算例4综合考虑了2种误差来源,因此其中风电、光伏、虚拟电厂的投产容量与算例1相比全部增加。可见,考虑新能源预测误差与虚拟电厂响应潜力刻画误差后,新能源投产容量与虚拟电厂投产容量均会提高。
表8展示了使用文献[27]所提出的鲁棒优化的方法与本文所使用区间优化方法的结果对比。由表8可见,相比鲁棒优化过分地强调稳定性,区间优化可以根据实际情况制定较为经济且合理的规划方案,避免了过多的冗余。
本文提出并验证了一个结合需求侧潜力的电力系统规划方法,深入探讨了其在增强电力系统安全性、经济性以及应对新能源挑战方面的作用。主要结论如下。
1)确定需求侧资源的核心价值,通在新型电力系统中引入虚拟电厂等需求侧资源,这些资源对提升系统安全性和经济效率至关重要。尤其是虚拟电厂通过有效削峰填谷,能显著减少对常规发电机组的依赖,从而提高了系统运行的成本效益。
2)验证了多类型电源区间规划方法,实证分析显示,所提区间规划方法能够适应新能源并网的不确定性,有效降低系统的投资和运营成本。在省级电力系统的应用案例中,该方法确保了系统调峰需求的满足,并展示了其在现实电力系统规划中的广泛适用性和优势。
3)针对模型的适应性与鲁棒性,本文方法考虑了新能源预测误差和虚拟电厂响应潜力误差,增强了规划模型面对实际操作中不确定性的适应性和鲁棒性,提高了预测精度与响应效率。
  • 国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司科技项目(526620230003)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
张智刚, 康重庆. 碳中和目标下构建新型电力系统的挑战与展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2022, 42(8): 2806-2819.
ZHANG Zhigang, KANG Chongqing. Challenges and prospects for constructing the new-type power system towards a carbon neutrality future[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 42(8): 2806-2819.
[2]
赵本源, 熊岑, 张沛超, 等. 信息物理融合的负荷型虚拟电厂聚合方法[J]. 电力需求侧管理, 2020, 22(1): 15-20.
ZHAO Benyuan, XIONG Cen, ZHANG Peichao, et al. Aggregation method of load virtual power plant based on cyber⁃physical system[J]. Power Demand Side Management, 2020, 22(1): 15-20.
[3]
山西省行政规范性文件库. 关于印发《虚拟电厂建设与运营管理实施方案》的通知[EB/OL]. (2024-01-03)[2024-03-01]. http://www.shanxi.gov.cn/.
Shanxi Province Administrative Normative Document Database. Notice on issuing the Implementation Plan for Construction and Operation Management of Virtual Power Plant[EB/OL]. (2024-01-03) [2024-03-01]. http://www.shanxi.gov.cn/.
[4]
王彩霞, 时智勇, 梁志峰, 等. 新能源为主体电力系统的需求侧资源利用关键技术及展望[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2021, 45(16): 37-48.
WANG Caixia, SHI Zhiyong, LIANG Zhifeng, et al. Key technologies and prospects of demand-side resource utilization for power systems dominated by renewable energy[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2021, 45(16): 37-48.
[5]
孙韩, 陈宗海, 武骥. 计及电动汽车不确定性的家庭微电网实时能量调度策略[J]. 电网技术, 2019, 43(7): 2544-2551.
SUN Han, CHEN Zonghai, WU Ji. Online energy dispatch strategy for residential microgrid considering uncertainty of electric vehicle[J]. Power System Technology, 2019, 43(7): 2544-2551.
[6]
刘萌, 梁雯, 张晔, 等. 温控负荷群Fokker-Planck方程聚合模型的数值拉普拉斯反变换求解方法[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2017, 45(23): 17-23.
LIU Meng, LIANG Wen, ZHANG Ye, et al. Numerical inverse Laplace transform solving method of thermostatically controlled load group’s Fokker-Planck equation aggregation model[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2017, 45(23): 17-23.
[7]
FOTOUHI Z, HASHEMI M R, NARIMANI H, et al. A general model for EV drivers’ charging behavior[J]. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2019, 68(8): 7368-7382.
[8]
杨秀, 傅广努, 刘方, 等. 考虑多重因素的空调负荷聚合响应潜力评估及控制策略研究[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46(2): 699-714.
YANG Xiu, FU Guangnu, LIU Fang, et al. Potential evaluation and control strategy of air conditioning load aggregation response considering multiple factors[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46(2): 699-714.
[9]
王明深, 于汀, 穆云飞, 等. 考虑用户参与度的电动汽车能效电厂模型[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2017, 37(11): 207-216.
WANG Mingshen, YU Ting, MU Yunfei, et al. Model of E-EPP considering participation factor of EV users[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2017, 37(11): 207-216.
[10]
李彬, 明雨, 郝一浩, 等. 基于融合FCN-TCN-LSTM的工业大用户可调节潜力分析模型[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2023, 43(7): 151-166.
LI Bin, MING Yu, HAO Yihao, et al. Adjustable potential analysis model for large industrial users based on FCN-TCN-LSTM fusion[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment, 2023, 43(7): 151-166.
[11]
艾欣, 周树鹏, 陈政琦, 等. 多随机因素下含可中断负荷的电力系统优化调度模型与求解方法研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(8): 2231-2241.
AI Xin, ZHOU Shupeng, CHEN Zhengqi, et al. Research on optimal scheduling model and solving method for power system with interruptible load considering multi stochastic factors[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(8): 2231-2241.
[12]
HAMIDPOUR H, AGHAEI J, PIROUZI S, et al. Flexible, reliable, and renewable power system resource expansion planning considering energy storage systems and demand response programs[J]. IET Renewable Power Generation, 2019, 13(11): 1862-1872.
[13]
黄远明, 张玉欣, 夏赞阳, 等. 考虑需求响应资源和储能容量价值的新型电力系统电源规划方法[J]. 上海交通大学学报, 2023, 57(4): 432-441.
HUANG Yuanming, ZHANG Yuxin, XIA Zanyang, et al. Power system planning considering demand response resources and capacity value of energy storage[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University, 2023, 57(4): 432-441.
[14]
BARINGO L, CONEJO A J. Correlated wind-power production and electric load scenarios for investment decisions[J]. Applied Energy, 2013, 101: 475-482.
[15]
张玮琪, 王沿胜, 杨钊, 等. 考虑新能源、电动汽车充电站与储能协调优化的分布鲁棒规划方法研究[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2023, 35(8): 114-125.
ZHANG Weiqi, WANG Yansheng, YANG Zhao, et al. Research on distributionally robust planning method for coordination and optimizationof new energy, electric vehicle charging station and energy storage[J]. Proceedings of the CSU-EPSA, 2023, 35(8): 114-125.
[16]
黎静华, 朱梦姝, 陆悦江, 等. 综合能源系统优化调度综述[J]. 电网技术, 2021, 45(6): 2256-2272.
LI Jinghua, ZHU Mengshu, LU Yuejiang, et al. Review on optimal scheduling of integrated energy systems[J]. Power System Technology, 2021, 45(6): 2256-2272.
[17]
U.S. Department of Energy. Benefits of demand response in electricity markets and recommendations for achieving them[R/OL]. (2024-01-03)[2024-03-01]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/oeprod/DocumentsandMedia/DOE_Benefits_of_Demand_Response_in_Electricity_Markets_and_Recommendations_for_Achieving_Them_Report_to_Congress.pdf.
[18]
YAO M, HU Z, ZHANG N, et al. Low-carbon benefits analysis of energy-intensive industrial demand response resources for ancillary services[J]. Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy, 2015, 3(1): 131-138.
[19]
王蓓蓓. 面向智能电网的用户需求响应特性和能力研究综述[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34(22): 3654-3663.
WANG Beibei. Research on consumers’ response characterics and ability under smart grid: a literatures survey[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2014, 34(22): 3654-3663.
[20]
CHEN X, WANG J, XIE J, et al. Demand response potential evaluation for residential air conditioning loads[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018, 12(19): 4260-4268.
[21]
吴界辰, 艾欣, 胡俊杰. 需求侧资源灵活性刻画及其在日前优化调度中的应用[J]. 电工技术学报, 2020, 35(9): 1973-1984.
WU Jiechen, AI Xin, HU Junjie. Methods for characterizing flexibilities from demand-side resources and their applications in the day-ahead optimal scheduling[J]. Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society, 2020, 35(9): 1973-1984.
[22]
王锡凡. 电力系统优化规划[M]. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1990: 1.
WANG Xifan. Power system optimization planning[M]. Beijing: Water Resources and Electric Power Press, 1990: 1.
[23]
刘文霞, 姚齐, 王月汉, 等. 基于阶梯型需求响应机制的供需主从博弈电源规划模型[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2022, 46(20): 54-63.
LIU Wenxia, YAO Qi, WANG Yuehan, et al. Generation planning model of stackelberg game between supply and demand based on stepped demand response mechanism[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2022, 46(20): 54-63.
[24]
LI Q, WANG J, ZHANG Y, et al. Multi-period generation expansion planning for sustainable power systems to maximize the utilization of renewable energy sources[J]. Sustainability, 2020, 12(3): 1083.
[25]
苏永新, 聂伟棋, 谭貌. 考虑风电接入和气电转换的综合能源系统日前区间优化[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2019, 43(17): 63-71.
SU Yongxin, NIE Weiqi, TAN Mao. Day-ahead interval optimization of integrated energy system considering wind power integration and gas-electricity transformation[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2019, 43(17): 63-71.
[26]
曾博, 徐富强, 刘裕, 等. 考虑可再生能源与需求响应协同增效的能量枢纽多目标区间优化规划方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2021, 41(21): 7212-7225.
ZENG Bo, XU Fuqiang, LIU Yu, et al. Multi-objective interval optimization approach for energy hub planning with consideration of renewable energy and demand response synergies[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2021, 41(21): 7212-7225.
[27]
ZENG B, ZHAO L. Solving two-stage robust optimization problems using a column-and-constraint generation method[J]. Operations Research Letters, 2013, 5(41): 457-461.
2024年第53卷第11期
PDF下载
115
49
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061
  • 接收时间:2024-03-29
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2024-11-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-29
基金
Technology Project of State Grid Inner Mongolia East Electric Power Co., Ltd.(526620230003)
国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司科技项目(526620230003)
作者信息
    1.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
    2.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司供电服务监管与支持中心,内蒙古 通辽 028000
    3.国网内蒙古东部电力有限公司通辽供电公司,内蒙古 通辽 028000
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202403061
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏