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A new type of liquid air energy storage (LAES) system coupled with solar energy is proposed to address the issue of low round-trip efficiency (RTE) in current LAES systems. The discharging process of the new system is equipped with series-connected two-stage air heaters, which improves the RTE while allowing the system to operate in conventional ways under low solar radiation conditions. Sensitivity analysis of main parameters and exergy analysis are conducted on the new system, and the results show that, within the allowable range, the lower the liquefaction temperature, the lower the charging pressure and the higher the discharging pressure, resulting in higher RTE of the system. The optimal RTE of the system can reach 72.4%, and the system can still operate at an RTE of 53.6% when solar radiation is insufficient. The exergy efficiency of the new system is 38.0%, among which the solar collector field has the highest exergy destruction, accounting for 52.4% of the total exergy destruction, followed by the throttle valve and thermoelectric generator. In heat exchangers, there is significant exergy destruction in cold boxes and evaporators.
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针对目前液化空气储能系统往返效率偏低的问题,提出了操作更加灵活的新型耦合太阳能热的液化空气储能系统。该系统放电过程配备了串联双级空气加热器,可在提高往返效率的同时允许系统在低太阳辐照情况下以传统方式运行。对新系统进行了主要参数敏感性分析和㶲分析,结果表明:在允许范围内,液化温度越低,充电压力越低,放电压力越高,系统往返效率越高;系统最优往返效率可达72.4%,太阳辐射不足时系统仍能以53.6%的往返效率运行;系统㶲效率为38.0%,其中太阳能集热场的㶲损最大,占总㶲损的52.4%,其次是节流阀与热电发电机;在换热器中,冷箱和蒸发器㶲损较大。
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祝洪青(1972),男,教授级高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电厂、核电常规岛热力系统及设备,zhuhongqing@spic.com.cn。
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Influence of charging pressure and liquefaction temperature on liquefaction rate, figureFileSmall=RbtUBTTVr5A91N7+GEpASw==, figureFileBig=V+PyfrTc/v9FKLsZg8H4/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822099591920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
充电压力与液化温度对液化率的影响, figureFileSmall=RbtUBTTVr5A91N7+GEpASw==, figureFileBig=V+PyfrTc/v9FKLsZg8H4/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822284141305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
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充电压力与液化温度对往返效率的影响, figureFileSmall=s4uAy3aF13C9BiVNi7ut+w==, figureFileBig=WQxCYKV8VAPoBr436ebErw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822506439432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=
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放电压力与液化温度对往返效率的影响, figureFileSmall=bInfkqpd7VG+FRH7hAsyIA==, figureFileBig=19PSeDTiIK82hHKm5Xo8zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822737126171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Influence of ORC working pressure on system performance, figureFileSmall=j/ks6luPa2q5pmtFlujxGg==, figureFileBig=8BIkpO15DZoO1i7/HMLMcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822825206560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
ORC工作压力对系统性能的影响, figureFileSmall=j/ks6luPa2q5pmtFlujxGg==, figureFileBig=8BIkpO15DZoO1i7/HMLMcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822896509735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Influence of DNI on system performance, figureFileSmall=oE014TYqwhMT584vEdMsGg==, figureFileBig=gNSQcdYyaz1jzaVHeLl63Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345822988784430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
法向辐射强度对系统性能的影响, figureFileSmall=oE014TYqwhMT584vEdMsGg==, figureFileBig=gNSQcdYyaz1jzaVHeLl63Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345823068476211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Exergy destruction proportion in each part of the S-LAES system, figureFileSmall=I5sWxsxNJwymIGElTVb6HQ==, figureFileBig=eWkbH0iRNEAzOS3+FKTuPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345823152362296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
S-LAES系统各环节㶲损占比, figureFileSmall=I5sWxsxNJwymIGElTVb6HQ==, figureFileBig=eWkbH0iRNEAzOS3+FKTuPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345823248831300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
EUD diagram of main process of the S-LAES system, figureFileSmall=2tzW1mGVLKwPgT05k6mhbQ==, figureFileBig=T6F//2ViGkYIlK96rfKJbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345823357883215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
S-LAES系统主要过程EUD图, figureFileSmall=2tzW1mGVLKwPgT05k6mhbQ==, figureFileBig=T6F//2ViGkYIlK96rfKJbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236345823450157908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Main design parameters of the S-LAES system
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 数值 | 项目 | 数值 |
|---|
| 级间冷却器最小温差/℃ | 10[14] | 压气机效率/% | 85[19] |
| 冷箱最小温差/℃ | 4[20] | 空气透平效率/% | 85[19] |
| 蒸发器最小温差/℃ | 4[20] | ORC透平效率/% | 80[14] |
| 低温加热器最小温差/℃ | 7[20] | 液空泵效率/% | 70[19] |
| ORC各换热器最小温差/℃ | 5[20] | ORC泵效率/% | 75[21] |
| 高温加热器出口空气温度/℃ | 320 | 充放电时长/h | 8 |
| 法向辐射强度/(W·m–2) | 800 | 集热器出口熔盐温度/℃ | 400 |
| 单个集热器长度/m | 150.00[22] | 集热器开口宽度/m | 5.76[23] |
| 集热器数量 | 31 | 最大光学效率/% | 74[22] |
| 环境温度/℃ | 25[20] | 环境压力/MPa | 0.1[12] |
), ArticleFig(id=1236345823580181344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
S-LAES系统主要设计参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 项目 | 数值 | 项目 | 数值 |
|---|
| 级间冷却器最小温差/℃ | 10[14] | 压气机效率/% | 85[19] |
| 冷箱最小温差/℃ | 4[20] | 空气透平效率/% | 85[19] |
| 蒸发器最小温差/℃ | 4[20] | ORC透平效率/% | 80[14] |
| 低温加热器最小温差/℃ | 7[20] | 液空泵效率/% | 70[19] |
| ORC各换热器最小温差/℃ | 5[20] | ORC泵效率/% | 75[21] |
| 高温加热器出口空气温度/℃ | 320 | 充放电时长/h | 8 |
| 法向辐射强度/(W·m–2) | 800 | 集热器出口熔盐温度/℃ | 400 |
| 单个集热器长度/m | 150.00[22] | 集热器开口宽度/m | 5.76[23] |
| 集热器数量 | 31 | 最大光学效率/% | 74[22] |
| 环境温度/℃ | 25[20] | 环境压力/MPa | 0.1[12] |
), ArticleFig(id=1236345823647290216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Performance parameters of the S-LAES system
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 运行模式 | 项目 | 数值 |
|---|
| S-LAES | 压缩耗功/kW | 20 384 |
| 液空泵耗功/kW | 305 |
| 空气透平入口温度/℃ | 320.0 |
| 空气透平做功/kW | 13 786 |
| ORC净功/kW | 1 051 |
| 热电发电机做功/kW | 221 |
| 液化率/% | 85.3 |
| RTE/% | 72.4 |
| 㶲效率/% | 38.0 |
| LAES | 压缩耗功/kW | 20 384 |
| 液空泵耗功/kW | 305 |
| 空气透平入口温度/℃ | 173.6 |
| 空气透平做功/kW | 10 291 |
| ORC净功/kW | 933 |
| 热电发电机做功/kW | 13 |
| 液化率/% | 85.3 |
| RTE/% | 53.6 |
| 㶲效率/% | 53.6 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236345823764730737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236345816504390201, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
S-LAES系统性能参数
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 运行模式 | 项目 | 数值 |
|---|
| S-LAES | 压缩耗功/kW | 20 384 |
| 液空泵耗功/kW | 305 |
| 空气透平入口温度/℃ | 320.0 |
| 空气透平做功/kW | 13 786 |
| ORC净功/kW | 1 051 |
| 热电发电机做功/kW | 221 |
| 液化率/% | 85.3 |
| RTE/% | 72.4 |
| 㶲效率/% | 38.0 |
| LAES | 压缩耗功/kW | 20 384 |
| 液空泵耗功/kW | 305 |
| 空气透平入口温度/℃ | 173.6 |
| 空气透平做功/kW | 10 291 |
| ORC净功/kW | 933 |
| 热电发电机做功/kW | 13 |
| 液化率/% | 85.3 |
| RTE/% | 53.6 |
| 㶲效率/% | 53.6 |
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