Article(id=1236323804599874354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236323797054312545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202411245, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732723200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772692164802, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772692164802, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772692164802, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772692164802, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236323797054312545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772692163003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772692223569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236324051153646111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236323797054312545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236324051153646112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236323797054312545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=54, endPage=59, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236323806290178888, articleId=1236323804599874354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Engineering application and performance analysis of coal-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage system, columnId=1236321537943458718, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on energy storage and power generation coupling technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Improving the flexibility of coal-fired power units is the key to achieving a green and low-carbon power system. Molten salt energy storage technology, as a sensible heat energy storage technology, can provide frequency regulation, peak regulation, and industrial heating decoupling support for power generation units. Combining with the engineering application of a coal-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage, the thermal performance of heat storage, heat release and energy cycling are systematically analyzed, and performance evaluation indicators are proposed. The results show that, the molten salt thermal storage system significantly enhances the flexible operation capability of the unit, achieves decoupling between industrial steam supply and deep commissioning peak of the unit, and improves the frequency regulation performance by 150%. The thermal efficiency of the thermal storage system is maintained at around 92%. This study provides a reference for the application of flexibility renovation projects for coal-fired power plants based on molten salt thermal storage technology.

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提升煤电机组灵活性是实现绿色低碳电力系统的关键。熔盐储能技术作为一种显热储能技术,可为发电机组提供调频、调峰及工业供热解耦支持。结合某电厂熔盐储能耦合燃煤机组的工程应用,系统分析了储热、释热与能量循环的热力性能,提出了性能评估指标。结果表明,熔盐储热系统显著增强了机组灵活运行能力,实现了工业供汽与机组深调和顶峰的解耦,同时调频性能提升了150%,储热系统热效率维持在92%左右。该研究结果为基于熔盐储热技术的燃煤电站灵活性改造工程应用提供了参考。

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张鹏(1986),男,硕士,主要研究方向为新型电力系统,

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张鹏(1986),男,硕士,主要研究方向为新型电力系统,

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Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1760-1767., articleTitle=Hundred-megawatt molten salt heat storage system for deep peak shaving of thermal power plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236323819711951199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=186, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=魏子敬, journalName=科技创新与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=魏子敬. 熔盐储热技术在供热领域的应用[J]. 科技创新与应用, 2022, 12(2): 186-188., articleTitle=熔盐储热技术在供热领域的应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1236323819795837285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=12, issue=2, pageStart=186, pageEnd=188, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=WEI Zijing, journalName=Technology Innovation and Application, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WEI Zijing. 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Parameters related to molten salt electric heater

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项目数值
电压等级/V690
加热介质熔盐
设计进口温度/℃203
设计出口温度/℃360
表面热负荷/(W·cm–2)2.9
电加热管束/根390
额定功率/MW10
电加热器数量/个4
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815236628679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

熔盐电加热器相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
电压等级/V690
加热介质熔盐
设计进口温度/℃203
设计出口温度/℃360
表面热负荷/(W·cm–2)2.9
电加热管束/根390
额定功率/MW10
电加热器数量/个4
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815341486288, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Capacity parameters of the thermal storage system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
储热过程可变功率/MW5.0
可变负荷储热时长/h24.0
可变负荷储热容量/(MW·h)120.0
调差补充供汽/(t·h–1)55.0
散热损失/%2.0
放热过程热功率/MW39.2
调差时长/h2.0
调差需求储热容量/(MW·h)80.0
调差需求储热容量工程值/(MW·h)80.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815437955285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

储热系统容量参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
储热过程可变功率/MW5.0
可变负荷储热时长/h24.0
可变负荷储热容量/(MW·h)120.0
调差补充供汽/(t·h–1)55.0
散热损失/%2.0
放热过程热功率/MW39.2
调差时长/h2.0
调差需求储热容量/(MW·h)80.0
调差需求储热容量工程值/(MW·h)80.0
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815567978721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Thermal parameters related to molten salt energy storage system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目电加热功率/MW
362718
电加热器进口温度/℃201.654205.732205.919
电加热器出口温度/℃355.926350.684343.699
低温熔盐流量/(m3·h–1)282.852220.870156.213
换热器熔盐进口温度/℃349.605341.923339.170
换热器熔盐出口温度/℃195.306198.917197.403
换热器给水进口温度/℃144.732116.667108.237
换热器蒸汽出口温度/℃236.602275.305279.926
高温熔盐流量/(m3·h–1)287.15232.37156.26
熔盐比热容/(kJ·(kg·℃)–1)1.51.51.5
机组负荷/MW204.30246.30272.81
补充工业供汽流量/(t·h–1)52.6436.4124.69
工业供汽焓值/(kJ·kg–1)2 999.983 015.703 019.67
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815693807851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

熔盐储能系统相关热力参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目电加热功率/MW
362718
电加热器进口温度/℃201.654205.732205.919
电加热器出口温度/℃355.926350.684343.699
低温熔盐流量/(m3·h–1)282.852220.870156.213
换热器熔盐进口温度/℃349.605341.923339.170
换热器熔盐出口温度/℃195.306198.917197.403
换热器给水进口温度/℃144.732116.667108.237
换热器蒸汽出口温度/℃236.602275.305279.926
高温熔盐流量/(m3·h–1)287.15232.37156.26
熔盐比热容/(kJ·(kg·℃)–1)1.51.51.5
机组负荷/MW204.30246.30272.81
补充工业供汽流量/(t·h–1)52.6436.4124.69
工业供汽焓值/(kJ·kg–1)2 999.983 015.703 019.67
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815844802801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Physical properties of molten salt

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参数拟合方程
密度/(g‧cm–3)ρ=2.067.027×104t
定压比焓/(J‧(g‧K)–1)cp=0.932+0.021 27t5.193×105+3.469×108t3
导热系数/(W‧(m‧K)–1)λ=0.809 70.001 38t+4.753×106t26.034×109t3
动力黏度/(×10–3 Pa‧s)η=0.526 4×exp(560.81t)
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815953854711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323804599874354, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

熔盐物性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数拟合方程
密度/(g‧cm–3)ρ=2.067.027×104t
定压比焓/(J‧(g‧K)–1)cp=0.932+0.021 27t5.193×105+3.469×108t3
导热系数/(W‧(m‧K)–1)λ=0.809 70.001 38t+4.753×106t26.034×109t3
动力黏度/(×10–3 Pa‧s)η=0.526 4×exp(560.81t)
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煤电机组耦合熔盐储能系统工程应用及性能分析
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张鹏 1 , 张国龙 2
热力发电 | 储能与发电耦合技术研究专题 2025,54(9): 54-59
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热力发电 | 储能与发电耦合技术研究专题 2025, 54(9): 54-59
煤电机组耦合熔盐储能系统工程应用及性能分析
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张鹏1 , 张国龙2
作者信息
  • 1.江苏省国信研究院有限公司,南京 江苏 210024
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 张鹏(1986),男,硕士,主要研究方向为新型电力系统,

Engineering application and performance analysis of coal-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage system
Peng ZHANG1 , Guolong ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangsu Guoxin Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210024, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202411245
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提升煤电机组灵活性是实现绿色低碳电力系统的关键。熔盐储能技术作为一种显热储能技术,可为发电机组提供调频、调峰及工业供热解耦支持。结合某电厂熔盐储能耦合燃煤机组的工程应用,系统分析了储热、释热与能量循环的热力性能,提出了性能评估指标。结果表明,熔盐储热系统显著增强了机组灵活运行能力,实现了工业供汽与机组深调和顶峰的解耦,同时调频性能提升了150%,储热系统热效率维持在92%左右。该研究结果为基于熔盐储热技术的燃煤电站灵活性改造工程应用提供了参考。

熔盐  /  储能  /  调频  /  煤电

Improving the flexibility of coal-fired power units is the key to achieving a green and low-carbon power system. Molten salt energy storage technology, as a sensible heat energy storage technology, can provide frequency regulation, peak regulation, and industrial heating decoupling support for power generation units. Combining with the engineering application of a coal-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage, the thermal performance of heat storage, heat release and energy cycling are systematically analyzed, and performance evaluation indicators are proposed. The results show that, the molten salt thermal storage system significantly enhances the flexible operation capability of the unit, achieves decoupling between industrial steam supply and deep commissioning peak of the unit, and improves the frequency regulation performance by 150%. The thermal efficiency of the thermal storage system is maintained at around 92%. This study provides a reference for the application of flexibility renovation projects for coal-fired power plants based on molten salt thermal storage technology.

molten salt  /  energy storage  /  frequency regulation  /  coal-fired power
张鹏, 张国龙. 煤电机组耦合熔盐储能系统工程应用及性能分析. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (9) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202411245
Peng ZHANG, Guolong ZHANG. Engineering application and performance analysis of coal-fired power unit coupled with molten salt energy storage system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (9) : 54 -59 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202411245
我国电力行业实现“碳达峰、碳中和”的基本思路和主要举措是深化电力体制改革,构建以新能源为主体的绿色低碳新型电力系统。2024年7月,国家发展改革委、国家能源局和国家数据局印发《加快构建新型电力系统行动方案(2024— 2027年)》[1-2],明确在用好常规调节措施的基础上,聚焦新型储能优化系统调节能力。熔盐储能一般是利用混合硝酸盐作为传蓄热介质实现能量的有效迁移,目前是大规模中高温储能技术的首选,其具有适用范围广、绿色环保、安全性高、寿命长、占地面积小和单位成本低等优点,便于与电源侧和用户侧耦合[3-9]
熔盐储能耦合以新能源为主的绿色低碳电力系统可解决电网消纳新能源难题,增强电力系统稳定性,又可为工业用户提供清洁热源[10-11]。燃煤发电机组耦合熔盐储能是实现机组灵活性改造的重要手段之一,即对于纯凝汽式汽轮机发电机组,可有效规避机组的长期频繁低负荷运行的危害;对于供热机组来说,可以解决热电解耦难题,尤其是高参数的工业供汽。江苏电网大力支持调频和调峰2项有偿辅助服务,熔盐储能系统设置于燃煤电站侧可参与这种有偿辅助服务,并获得较大收益。
本文结合江苏省某燃煤电厂在运的熔盐储热系统,简要介绍熔盐储热系统耦合煤电机组工程应用,并分析研究系统的热力性能,为熔盐储能耦合煤电机组的工程应用提供参考。
该燃煤电厂为2×660 MW机组,发电的同时对外提供70~110 t/h工业供汽,蒸汽出厂参数要求为:压力不小于1.1 MPa、温度不小于260 ℃。当机组负荷不大于40%额定负荷或机组负荷不小于95%额定负荷时,难以满足工业供汽的压力或流量。
随着电网深度调峰和顶峰需求不断增加,或一台机组消缺或检修时,另一台机组单机运行,机组均难以保证工业供汽用户的稳定需求。此外,机组每天自动发电控制(automatic generation control,AGC)指令大致700~1 200次,调节功率主要为–4.5~4.5 MW,省网辅助服务奖励政策力度较大。
因此,电厂既存在深度调峰与工业供汽的解耦困境,又希望大幅提高机组调频能力。根据可行性研究,本项目建设40 MW/80 MW·h熔盐储热系统,采用电加热熔盐方式,作为可控负载辅助机组调频,深度调峰时段可连续产生不小于55 t/h的蒸汽,补偿机组深调和顶峰时供汽能力的缺失。储热时,系统使用电厂高厂变作为电源,采用电加热器将来自低温罐的熔盐加热之后存储到高温罐中;放热时,利用热熔盐泵将高温罐中的热盐驱动进入盐-水换热器系统,释放热量之后进入低温罐,水侧利用升压泵提高除氧器出口水压力至1.2 MPa以上,进入盐-水换热器系统吸热汽化达到工业供汽要求的260 ℃以上,之后并入工业供汽母管。熔盐储热供汽-调频-调峰系统流程如图1所示。
考虑机组高厂变可用裕量及工业蒸汽用户需求的安全边界(大于55 t/h),设置电加热功率为40 MW,同时接入2台机组的高厂变,即可配合机组响应电网调频需求。调频过程中,当电网需要降低负荷时,熔盐电加热器快速升高负荷,使机组上网功率降低;反之,当电网需要升高负荷时,熔盐电加热器快速减负荷,使机组上网功率升高。可控负载调频在调节精度、响应速度及变负荷速率等方面的性能与电化学、超级电容、飞轮等储能技术相当。熔盐电加热器主要参数见表1
为满足工业供汽,机组最高负荷仅能达到624 MW(单机运行工况),存在一定的调差(负荷偏差)考核,并会损失发电量。熔盐储热系统通过替代机组对外供汽,能够提升机组顶峰能力,考虑目前平均顶峰时长和容量电价测试时长一般在2 h内,因此设置储热时长为2 h,即80 MW·h储热容量,具体参数见表2
考虑到放热过程中存在水侧工质相变,因此设备按预热-蒸发-过热三段设计。蒸汽流量为55 t/h,熔盐流量为533 t/h,系统原则性热力系统如图2所示。
本文主要采用子系统热效率、全过程循环热效率和综合调频性能指标作为煤电机组耦合熔盐储热系统的性能评价指标。
储热过程效率为:
η1=Acpρ(t2t1)3.6W×106×100%
式中:η1为熔盐储热系统储热效率,%;A为单位熔盐流量,m3/h;ρ为密度,kg/m3cp为熔盐比热容,kJ/(kg·℃);t1为冷熔盐温度,℃;t2为热熔盐温度,℃;W为熔盐电加热器耗功,MW;3.6为单位换算系数。
释热过程效率为:
η2=1 000×D(hgh1)Acpρ(t2t1)×100%
式中:η2为熔盐储热系统释热效率,%;D为工业补充供汽量,t/h;hg为工业补充供汽焓值,kJ/kg;h1为系统进水焓值,kJ/kg;1 000为单位换算系数。
储能系统全过程循环热效率为:
η=η1×η2=D(hgh1)3 600W×100%
式中:η为熔盐储热系统循环热效率,%;η1为熔盐储热系统储热效率,%;η2为熔盐储热系统释热效率,%;3 600为单位换算系数。
单次AGC系统指令的调频性能指标为:
Kp,j=max(VjVe+3AeAjAe,0)
式中:Kp, j为机组第j次AGC指令的调频性能指标;Vj为机组第j次的AGC调节速率;Aj为机组第j次的AGC调节精度;Ve为机组AGC的标准调节速率;Ae为机组AGC的标准调节精度。
综合调频性能指标为:
Kp=j=1n(Kp,j×Dj)j=1nDj
式中:Kp为机组的综合调频性能指标;Dj机组第j次AGC指令的正向调频里程;n为机组运行期间内被AGC调用的次数。
为分析电厂的电加热熔盐储能系统热力性能,分别采用电加热功率36、27、18 MW的相关热力参数,对不同加热功率的储热过程、释热过程进行热力分析(表3)。为更好地对储能系统性能进行分析,选用时长较长且较为稳定的工况数据,储热和释热时长及熔盐流量基本一致。
在该电厂的熔盐储能系统中,储热过程是将高厂变的电力直接通过电加热器加热熔盐储罐中的熔盐。熔盐选用GB/T 36376中的三元硝酸盐,该盐的熔点为141~145 ℃,分解温度为450 ℃,熔盐物性见表4
熔盐储热过程热效率计熔盐流量如图3所示。由图3可以看出,随着电加热功率的升高,熔盐流量逐渐增大,储热过程热效率基本维持在97%左右,损失主要为散热损失。
释热过程是将熔盐储罐中的熔盐通过盐-水换热器换热,将除氧器给水加热成蒸汽至工业供汽母管。熔盐释热过程热效率及供汽流量如图4所示。由图4可以看出,随着电加热功率的升高,供汽流量逐渐增大,释热过程热效率维持在95%左右。
熔盐储能系统在加热、储热、释热后,完成高厂变加热熔盐,熔盐换热给水达到供汽和储能需求的目的。熔盐储能系统全过程循环热效率和机组负荷如图5所示。由图5可以看出,随着电加热功率的升高,全过程的循环热效率基本维持在92%左右,在机组负荷较低的时候,越要增大电加热器功率,一方面是为了工业供汽,另一方面也是为了帮助机组深度调峰,缓解设备深度调峰压力。
该40 MW电加热系统作为可控负载可以实现辅助机组响应一次调频AGC,提高AGC的精度和速率,减免AGC考核,增加辅助服务补偿,改善一次调频指标,减免一次调频考核。此时,运行小功率的低温熔盐泵,维持小流量的低温熔盐带走熔盐电加热的热量即可。对此,分别选取不同年份同月份启用熔盐储能系统和未启用的机组综合调频性能指标分析其调频性能,具体如图6所示。
图6可知,启用熔盐储能系统的调频性能相比之前未安装该系统,性能指标大幅度增涨。启用前机组月度平均综合调频性能指标为2.8,启用后的月度平均综合调频性能指标7.2,涨幅超过150%,极大提升机组调频性能。在储能辅助火电机组参与调频运行方式下,以火电机组与储能辅助调频系统作为一个整体响应电网调度指令,火电机组与储能系统共同作为出力反馈信号,上传至电网调度侧,实现机组在辅助服务市场获取更大收益。
本文针对火电机组耦合熔盐储能系统的工程应用进行了研究,分析了系统在储热、释热及能量循环中的热力性能。研究结果表明,该系统显著提高了机组的灵活性和调频能力,综合调频性能指标提升至7.2,增长150%以上。同时,系统在深度调峰和满负荷运行时能够满足55 t/h的工业供汽需求,储热过程热效率维持在97%左右,释热过程热效率维持在95%左右,全过程循环热效率约为92%。研究成果为燃煤电站灵活性改造及熔盐储能技术的实际应用提供了重要参考。
  • 江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新重点项目(BE2023094)
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2025年第54卷第9期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202411245
  • 接收时间:2024-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28
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Key Project of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Technology Innovation in Jiangsu Province(BE2023094)
江苏省碳达峰碳中和科技创新重点项目(BE2023094)
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    1.江苏省国信研究院有限公司,南京 江苏 210024
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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