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Computational fluid dynamics-chemical reactor network (CFD-CRN) simulation is a suitable method for predicting NOx emissions from gas turbines. A universal CRN automatic partitioning/solving program was developed and then applied and verified on a natural gas micro-mixing combustor. Through analysis of flow and combustion characteristics in the micro-mixing combustor based on CFD simulation, CRN partitioning criteria are established: firstly, the air and fuel zones are extracted, then major zones along the axial direction are divided, and further the zones are subdivided radially/circumferentially according to fuel-staging locations. The results indicate that, the CRN automatic partitioning/solving program enhances generality by using an XML standardized information interface and is suitable for complex combustor structures. The relative error between the predicted and experimental NOx emissions under different operating conditions of the micro-mixing combustor is less than 11%, and the influence of CFD grid number on the NOx prediction by CRN is relatively small. The effect of fuel distribution ratio on NOx emissions from micro-mixing combustor is analyzed, and a suitable adjustment range is given. The proposed CRN automatic partitioning/solving algorithm has potential applications in predicting NOx emissions from gas turbines.
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计算流体力学-化学反应器网络(computational fluid dynamics-chemical reactor network,CFD-CRN)模拟是一种适合燃气轮机NOx排放预测的方法,基于此方法开发了具有通用性的CRN自动分区/求解程序,并在天然气微混燃烧室上进行应用与验证。通过CFD软件模拟分析微混燃烧室的流动和燃烧特性,建立CRN分区准则:首先将空气区和燃料区提取出来,然后沿轴向主分区,再根据燃料分级沿径向/周向细分区域。结果表明,CRN自动分区/求解程序使用可扩展标记语言XML(extensible markup language)规范化信息接口增强了通用性,适用于复杂燃烧室结构,对微混燃烧室不同工况的NOx排放预测值与实验值相对误差小于11%,并且CFD网格数对CRN预测NOx排放值的影响较小;同时分析了燃料分配比例对微混燃烧室NOx排放的影响,给出了合适的调节范围。该CRN自动分区/求解算法在燃气轮机NOx排放预测方面具有应用潜力。
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x排放)], refs=[Reference(id=1236323816486531351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=41, issue=2, pageStart=83, pageEnd=88, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=蒋洪德, journalName=热力透平, refType=null, unstructuredReference=蒋洪德. 重型燃气轮机的现状和发展趋势[J].
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Distributions of axial velocity in the micro tube outlet cross-section under different operating conditions, figureFileSmall=9LqJpauJ1TtaOo5KEiAgOw==, figureFileBig=VqLjtxRuYa+K5cJqi0JzbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323811541446710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
不同工况下微管出口截面的轴向速度分布, figureFileSmall=9LqJpauJ1TtaOo5KEiAgOw==, figureFileBig=VqLjtxRuYa+K5cJqi0JzbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323811650498619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Mass fraction distributions of CH4 in the micro tube outlet cross-section under different operating conditions, figureFileSmall=9T1DomZ0gP6B6ysS7tfZPA==, figureFileBig=8G+bCXQ3PKOpb1BX6tnQog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323811742773317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
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燃烧室区域划分示意, figureFileSmall=TwWEUSWrjqEzKzQv7dQNzQ==, figureFileBig=ffYjiyj9PaI2avDEa6zy3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323812099289186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Air flow distribution at micro-tubes, cooling holes and mixing holes with different grid numbers, figureFileSmall=/DE3nGFzsMK9PTiLhD5AQQ==, figureFileBig=nfEZ46nQYntl/8HCzB9ekQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323812237701227, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
不同网格数微管、冷却孔和掺混孔空气流量分配情况, figureFileSmall=/DE3nGFzsMK9PTiLhD5AQQ==, figureFileBig=nfEZ46nQYntl/8HCzB9ekQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323812359336048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=
The ratio of NOx production in the staged major flame regions to the total emissions, figureFileSmall=5oa9E4/6P0K488k7wZpGsA==, figureFileBig=tZJTYZDsYx4xKJXGTl71ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323812506136700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
各级主燃烧区的NOx生成量占总排放的比率, figureFileSmall=5oa9E4/6P0K488k7wZpGsA==, figureFileBig=tZJTYZDsYx4xKJXGTl71ww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323812795543686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Variation of predicted NOx mass concentration with proportion of first-stage fuel allocation, figureFileSmall=rLhtT0MixFyKvI7oejV8Hw==, figureFileBig=J1ZJ0gq8fXJSe73iTz50JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323812892012684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
NOx预测值随第一级燃料分配比例的变化情况, figureFileSmall=rLhtT0MixFyKvI7oejV8Hw==, figureFileBig=J1ZJ0gq8fXJSe73iTz50JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323813143670933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Variations of predicted NOx mass concentration with proportion of second-stage fuel allocation at different first-stage fuel ratios, figureFileSmall=g4DyoPoftY34Ls6JU3ka/Q==, figureFileBig=SM7uIB917gpXzqsyl8exYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323813273694367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
不同第1级燃料占比下NOx预测值随第2级燃料分配比例的变化情况, figureFileSmall=g4DyoPoftY34Ls6JU3ka/Q==, figureFileBig=SM7uIB917gpXzqsyl8exYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1236323813399523498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=
Main components of the fuel
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 成分 | CH4 | C2H6 | CO2 | N2 | CO |
|---|
| 体积分数/% | 95.43 | 1.77 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 0.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323813542129843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
燃料主要成分
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 成分 | CH4 | C2H6 | CO2 | N2 | CO |
|---|
| 体积分数/% | 95.43 | 1.77 | 1.03 | 0.97 | 0.80 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323814997553338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=
Working conditions
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| 负荷L | 操作压力p/MPa | 空气温度/K | 燃料温度/K | 空气流量/(kg·s–1) | 一级燃料流量/(kg·s–1) | 二级燃料流量/(kg·s–1) | 三级燃料流量/(kg·s–1) |
|---|
| 1.0 | 0.597 | 742 | 283 | 1.388 | 6.730×10–3 | 9.520×10–3 | 1.429×10–2 |
| 1.0 | 0.312 | 745 | 283 | 0.666 | 3.430×10–3 | 4.850×10–3 | 7.330×10–3 |
| 0.8 | 0.624 | 712 | 283 | 1.610 | 8.930×10–3 | 8.820×10–3 | 1.343×10–2 |
| 0.8 | 0.299 | 709 | 283 | 0.782 | 3.570×10–3 | 5.040×10–3 | 7.640×10–3 |
| 0.6 | 0.596 | 684 | 283 | 1.609 | 9.870×10–3 | 0 | 2.077×10–2 |
| 0.6 | 0.311 | 683 | 283 | 0.767 | 4.870×10–3 | 0 | 1.032×10–2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815123382463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
工况条件
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| 负荷L | 操作压力p/MPa | 空气温度/K | 燃料温度/K | 空气流量/(kg·s–1) | 一级燃料流量/(kg·s–1) | 二级燃料流量/(kg·s–1) | 三级燃料流量/(kg·s–1) |
|---|
| 1.0 | 0.597 | 742 | 283 | 1.388 | 6.730×10–3 | 9.520×10–3 | 1.429×10–2 |
| 1.0 | 0.312 | 745 | 283 | 0.666 | 3.430×10–3 | 4.850×10–3 | 7.330×10–3 |
| 0.8 | 0.624 | 712 | 283 | 1.610 | 8.930×10–3 | 8.820×10–3 | 1.343×10–2 |
| 0.8 | 0.299 | 709 | 283 | 0.782 | 3.570×10–3 | 5.040×10–3 | 7.640×10–3 |
| 0.6 | 0.596 | 684 | 283 | 1.609 | 9.870×10–3 | 0 | 2.077×10–2 |
| 0.6 | 0.311 | 683 | 283 | 0.767 | 4.870×10–3 | 0 | 1.032×10–2 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815232434374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=
Critical temperatures for division of low-temperature zone near the wall under different operating conditions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况 | 临界温度值/K |
|---|
| L1.0_p 0.597 | 1 200 |
| L0.8_p 0.624 | 1 200 |
| L0.6_p 0.596 | 1 200 |
| L1.0_p 0.312 | 1 350 |
| L0.8_p 0.299 | 1 200 |
| L0.6_p 0.311 | 1 150 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815341486287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
不同工况近壁面低温区划分的临界温度值
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况 | 临界温度值/K |
|---|
| L1.0_p 0.597 | 1 200 |
| L0.8_p 0.624 | 1 200 |
| L0.6_p 0.596 | 1 200 |
| L1.0_p 0.312 | 1 350 |
| L0.8_p 0.299 | 1 200 |
| L0.6_p 0.311 | 1 150 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815442149590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=
Effect of CFD grid number on CRN prediction of NOx emissions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网格数/万 | NOx质量浓度/(mg·m–3) |
|---|
| CRN预测值 | 实验值 |
|---|
| 460 | 29.45 | 28.67 |
| 555 | 32.78 | 28.67 |
| 857 | 31.56 | 28.67 |
| 1 100 | 32.34 | 28.67 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815555395808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=表4, caption=
CFD网格数对CRN预测NOx排放的影响
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 网格数/万 | NOx质量浓度/(mg·m–3) |
|---|
| CRN预测值 | 实验值 |
|---|
| 460 | 29.45 | 28.67 |
| 555 | 32.78 | 28.67 |
| 857 | 31.56 | 28.67 |
| 1 100 | 32.34 | 28.67 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815656059112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=
Comparison between the predicted and experimental NOx values under different operating conditions
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况 | NOx质量浓度/(mg·m–3) | 相对误差/% |
|---|
| CRN预测值 | 实验值 |
|---|
| L1.0_p 0.597 | 31.56 | 28.67 | 10.08 |
| L0.8_p 0.624 | 46.39 | 45.61 | 1.71 |
| L0.6_p 0.596 | 161.76 | 162.31 | 0.34 |
| L1.0_p 0.312 | 75.41 | 77.52 | 2.72 |
| L0.8_p 0.299 | 31.97 | 29.16 | 9.64 |
| L0.6_p 0.311 | 180.28 | 179.13 | 0.64 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815836414192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=表5, caption=
不同工况的NOx预测值与实验值对比
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 工况 | NOx质量浓度/(mg·m–3) | 相对误差/% |
|---|
| CRN预测值 | 实验值 |
|---|
| L1.0_p 0.597 | 31.56 | 28.67 | 10.08 |
| L0.8_p 0.624 | 46.39 | 45.61 | 1.71 |
| L0.6_p 0.596 | 161.76 | 162.31 | 0.34 |
| L1.0_p 0.312 | 75.41 | 77.52 | 2.72 |
| L0.8_p 0.299 | 31.97 | 29.16 | 9.64 |
| L0.6_p 0.311 | 180.28 | 179.13 | 0.64 |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815958049016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=
Ranges of second-stage fuel ratio to keep NOx emission mass concentrations within the 41 mg/m3 at different first-stage fuel ratios
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 第一级燃料占比/% | 第二级燃料占比/% |
|---|
| 15.8 | 27.6~38.5 |
| 19.0 | 24.6~38.6 |
| 22.2 | 22.0~38.4 |
| 25.4 | 22.0~37.2 |
| 28.0 | 26.6~30.0 |
| 28.6 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1236323816062906622, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323802934735610, language=CN, label=表6, caption=
不同第1级燃料占比下NOx排放质量浓度保持在41 mg/m3内的第2级燃料分配比例范围
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 第一级燃料占比/% | 第二级燃料占比/% |
|---|
| 15.8 | 27.6~38.5 |
| 19.0 | 24.6~38.6 |
| 22.2 | 22.0~38.4 |
| 25.4 | 22.0~37.2 |
| 28.0 | 26.6~30.0 |
| 28.6 | |
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