Article(id=1236323799105336032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236323797054312545, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202412261, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732982400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1772692163492, onlineDateStr=2026-03-05, pubDate=1758729600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1772692163492, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-05, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1772692163492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772692163492, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1236323797054312545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='9', pageStart='1', pageEnd='178', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1772692163003, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1772692223569, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1236324051153646111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236323797054312545, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1236324051153646112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1236323797054312545, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=71, endPage=78, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1236323799382160098, articleId=1236323799105336032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Experimental study on direct co-combustion of biomass cow manure in a 660 MW coal-fired unit, columnId=1236323798149025895, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on low carbon power technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Co-firing biomass in coal-fired plants is considered as one of the important technologies for achieving carbon emission reduction. Based on the 660MW ultra-supercritical lignite coal fired plant in Inner Mongolia, this study conducted the first domestic experiment on co-firing cow manure. Cow manure is a typical herbaceous biomass. the first domestic large scale coal-cow manure co-combustion experiment in a 660 MW ultra supercritical lignite-fired power unit in Inner Mongolia was carried out. The ability of coal mill to grind biomass and coal mixed fuels was investigated, and the effect of mixing compacted cow manure on the milling performance was analyzed. Moreover, the effects of co-firing compacted cow manure on the combustion characteristics, unburned carbon content in fly ash, boiler efficiency, and pollutant emissions at different loads were studied. The results indicate that, without the addition of new devices, the change in coal mill current before and after co-firing 15% and 20% compacted cow manure with single coal mill changed slightly. With co-firing 15% compacted cow manure and the coal fineness R200 increasing from 8.3% to 12.4%, the R90 increased from 35.8% to 40.0%. With co-firing 20% compacted cow manure and the coal fineness R200 increasing from 8.3% to 14.4%, the R90 increased from 35.8% to 54.4%. The pressure difference between the coal mill inlet and outlet varied significantly and was closely related to the coal feed rate. With the furnace compacted cow manure co-firing ratio of 2.9% (15% co-firing with coal mill B) and 6.4% (20% co-firing with coal mill B), the changes of exhaust temperature before and after co-firing were both between 1.0~2.5 ℃. With the furnace compacted cow manure co-firing ratio of 7.1% (16.0% co-firing with coal mills B and D) and 8.7% (15% co-firing with coal mills B, C, and D), the exhaust temperature before and after co-firing increased by 3.3 ℃ and 3.6 ℃ at 450 MW and 550 MW, respectively, which was significant. At 250 MW, 450 MW, and 550 MW loads, the change of CO mass concentration was less than 5 mg/m3, and the decrease in boiler thermal efficiency before and after co-firing remained 0.06~0.28 percentage points. Co-firing compacted cow manure can reduce NOx and SO2 emissions. When the mixing ratio of compacted cow manure on two and three coal mills was 15% and 20%, the annual CO2 emission reduction would be 140 312, 210 467, 160 356 and 240 534 tons, respectively.

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燃煤机组掺烧生物质被认为是实现降碳的重要技术之一。牛粪是一种典型的草本类生物质,基于内蒙古某660 MW超超临界燃褐煤机组,开展了国内首例大型煤电掺烧牛粪试验,研究了磨煤机碾磨生物质与煤混合燃料的能力,分析了掺混压块牛粪对制粉性能的影响,以及不同负荷下,多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪对燃烧特性、飞灰可燃物、锅炉效率及污染物排放的影响规律。结果表明:在不新增设备情况下,单台磨煤机掺烧15%、20%压块牛粪前后,磨煤机电流变化较小;掺烧15%压块牛粪,煤粉细度R200由8.3%增至12.4%,煤粉细度R90由35.8%增至40.0%;掺烧20%压块牛粪,R200由8.3%增至14.4%,R90由35.8%增至54.4%;磨煤机出入口压差变化较大,与给煤量密切相关;全炉掺烧比例2.9%(B磨煤机掺烧15%)和6.4%(B磨煤机掺烧20%)压块牛粪工况下,掺烧前后排烟温度变化均在1.0~2.5 ℃;全炉掺烧比例7.1%(B、D磨煤机掺烧16.0%)和8.7%(B、C、D磨煤机掺烧15%)压块牛粪工况下,在450 MW和550 MW时,掺烧前后排烟温度分别提高3.3 ℃和3.6 ℃,变化较大;在250、450、550 MW工况下,掺烧压块牛粪前后CO质量浓度变化小于5 mg/m3,锅炉热效率下降幅度保持在0.06~0.28百分点;掺烧压块牛粪使得NOx、SO2排放降低;机组2台和3台磨煤机分别掺混15%、20%压块牛粪时,年CO2减排量分别为140 312、210 467 t和160 356、240 534 t。

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杨富鑫(1985),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为生物质等固体燃料的清洁利用等,
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卫翔(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电厂生产技术管理、煤电低碳转型技术,

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卫翔(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电厂生产技术管理、煤电低碳转型技术,

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卫翔(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电厂生产技术管理、煤电低碳转型技术,

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Fuel, 1995, 74(9): 1247-1253., articleTitle=Relation between functional forms of coal nitrogen and NOx emissions from pulverized coal combustion, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236323815895134452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, awardId=GDDL-24-31, language=EN, fundingSource=Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of CHN ENERGY Investment Group(GDDL-24-31), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236323815974826235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, awardId=GDDL-24-31, language=CN, fundingSource=国家能源集团科技创新项目(GDDL-24-31), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236323816083878145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, awardId=51976166, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976166), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236323816209707272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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Experimental conditions for cow manure co-firing

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试验工况试验燃料
250 MW纯煤
B磨煤机掺烧比例20%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例6.4%)
450 MW纯煤
B磨煤机掺烧比例15%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例2.9%)
B、D磨煤机掺烧比例各16%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例7.1%)
550 MW纯煤
B磨煤机掺烧比例15%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例2.9%)
B、C、D磨煤机掺烧比例各15%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例8.7%)
), ArticleFig(id=1236323813420495019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

牛粪掺烧试验工况

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试验工况试验燃料
250 MW纯煤
B磨煤机掺烧比例20%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例6.4%)
450 MW纯煤
B磨煤机掺烧比例15%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例2.9%)
B、D磨煤机掺烧比例各16%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例7.1%)
550 MW纯煤
B磨煤机掺烧比例15%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例2.9%)
B、C、D磨煤机掺烧比例各15%压块牛粪(全炉掺烧比例8.7%)
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Proximate and ultimate analysis of fuels

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项目褐煤压块牛粪秸秆
wt(M)/%37.207.1025.10
wad(M)/%9.425.735.83
war(A)/%16.9234.9826.15
干燥基挥发分wd(V)/%33.4146.8360.60
war(C)/%35.6219.0336.50
war(H)/%2.363.304.60
war(N)/%0.530.981.06
wt,ar(S)/%0.800.200.26
Qnet,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)11.7910.7011.17
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燃料工业分析和元素分析

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项目褐煤压块牛粪秸秆
wt(M)/%37.207.1025.10
wad(M)/%9.425.735.83
war(A)/%16.9234.9826.15
干燥基挥发分wd(V)/%33.4146.8360.60
war(C)/%35.6219.0336.50
war(H)/%2.363.304.60
war(N)/%0.530.981.06
wt,ar(S)/%0.800.200.26
Qnet,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)11.7910.7011.17
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The effect of mixing compacted cow manure on the fineness of pulverized coal for coal mill B

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工况R200/%R90/%
掺混牛粪前8.335.8
掺混15%牛粪后12.440.0
掺混20%牛粪后14.454.4
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掺混压块牛粪对B磨煤机煤粉细度的影响

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工况R200/%R90/%
掺混牛粪前8.335.8
掺混15%牛粪后12.440.0
掺混20%牛粪后14.454.4
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815391817938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The effect of co-firing compacted cow manure on the mass fraction of combustible materials in fly ash and slag

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样品可燃物质量分数
纯煤单台磨煤机15%掺烧压块牛粪(全炉2.9%)多台磨煤机15%掺烧压块牛粪(全炉8.7%)
飞灰0.020.140.14
炉渣000
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掺烧压块牛粪对飞灰和炉渣可燃物质量分数的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品可燃物质量分数
纯煤单台磨煤机15%掺烧压块牛粪(全炉2.9%)多台磨煤机15%掺烧压块牛粪(全炉8.7%)
飞灰0.020.140.14
炉渣000
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815618310371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The CO2 emission reduction after co-firing compacted cow manure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
掺烧磨煤机数量/台每台磨煤机掺烧比例/%每台磨煤机给煤量/(t·h–1)替代标准煤量/t年CO2减排量/t
2157052 749140 312
3157079 123210 467
2206060 284160 356
3206090 426240 534
), ArticleFig(id=1236323815739945198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236323799105336032, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

掺烧压块牛粪后的CO2减排量

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掺烧磨煤机数量/台每台磨煤机掺烧比例/%每台磨煤机给煤量/(t·h–1)替代标准煤量/t年CO2减排量/t
2157052 749140 312
3157079 123210 467
2206060 284160 356
3206090 426240 534
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660 MW燃煤机组直接掺烧生物质牛粪试验
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卫翔 1 , 潘腾 1 , 田亚钊 1 , 律景春 1 , 赵旭 2 , 侯岩 2 , 张英杰 2 , 杨富鑫 2 , 谭厚章 2 , 王学斌 2 , 贾子秀 3
热力发电 | 低碳电力技术研究专题 2025,54(9): 71-78
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热力发电 | 低碳电力技术研究专题 2025, 54(9): 71-78
660 MW燃煤机组直接掺烧生物质牛粪试验
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卫翔1 , 潘腾1, 田亚钊1, 律景春1, 赵旭2, 侯岩2, 张英杰2, 杨富鑫2 , 谭厚章2, 王学斌2, 贾子秀3
作者信息
  • 1.国能北电胜利能源有限公司,内蒙古 锡林浩特 026000
  • 2.西安交通大学热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
  • 3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 卫翔(1988),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为火电厂生产技术管理、煤电低碳转型技术,

通讯作者:

杨富鑫(1985),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为生物质等固体燃料的清洁利用等,
Experimental study on direct co-combustion of biomass cow manure in a 660 MW coal-fired unit
Xiang WEI1 , Teng PAN1, Yazhao TIAN1, Jingchun LYU1, Xu ZHAO2, Yan HOU2, Yingjie ZHANG2, Fuxin YANG2 , Houzhang TAN2, Xuebin WANG2, Zixiu JIA3
Affiliations
  • 1.GD Power Shengli Power Plant, Xilinhot 026000, China
  • 2.MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 3.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2025-09-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412261
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燃煤机组掺烧生物质被认为是实现降碳的重要技术之一。牛粪是一种典型的草本类生物质,基于内蒙古某660 MW超超临界燃褐煤机组,开展了国内首例大型煤电掺烧牛粪试验,研究了磨煤机碾磨生物质与煤混合燃料的能力,分析了掺混压块牛粪对制粉性能的影响,以及不同负荷下,多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪对燃烧特性、飞灰可燃物、锅炉效率及污染物排放的影响规律。结果表明:在不新增设备情况下,单台磨煤机掺烧15%、20%压块牛粪前后,磨煤机电流变化较小;掺烧15%压块牛粪,煤粉细度R200由8.3%增至12.4%,煤粉细度R90由35.8%增至40.0%;掺烧20%压块牛粪,R200由8.3%增至14.4%,R90由35.8%增至54.4%;磨煤机出入口压差变化较大,与给煤量密切相关;全炉掺烧比例2.9%(B磨煤机掺烧15%)和6.4%(B磨煤机掺烧20%)压块牛粪工况下,掺烧前后排烟温度变化均在1.0~2.5 ℃;全炉掺烧比例7.1%(B、D磨煤机掺烧16.0%)和8.7%(B、C、D磨煤机掺烧15%)压块牛粪工况下,在450 MW和550 MW时,掺烧前后排烟温度分别提高3.3 ℃和3.6 ℃,变化较大;在250、450、550 MW工况下,掺烧压块牛粪前后CO质量浓度变化小于5 mg/m3,锅炉热效率下降幅度保持在0.06~0.28百分点;掺烧压块牛粪使得NOx、SO2排放降低;机组2台和3台磨煤机分别掺混15%、20%压块牛粪时,年CO2减排量分别为140 312、210 467 t和160 356、240 534 t。

660 MW  /  褐煤  /  牛粪  /  掺烧  /  燃烧特性  /  污染物排放

Co-firing biomass in coal-fired plants is considered as one of the important technologies for achieving carbon emission reduction. Based on the 660MW ultra-supercritical lignite coal fired plant in Inner Mongolia, this study conducted the first domestic experiment on co-firing cow manure. Cow manure is a typical herbaceous biomass. the first domestic large scale coal-cow manure co-combustion experiment in a 660 MW ultra supercritical lignite-fired power unit in Inner Mongolia was carried out. The ability of coal mill to grind biomass and coal mixed fuels was investigated, and the effect of mixing compacted cow manure on the milling performance was analyzed. Moreover, the effects of co-firing compacted cow manure on the combustion characteristics, unburned carbon content in fly ash, boiler efficiency, and pollutant emissions at different loads were studied. The results indicate that, without the addition of new devices, the change in coal mill current before and after co-firing 15% and 20% compacted cow manure with single coal mill changed slightly. With co-firing 15% compacted cow manure and the coal fineness R200 increasing from 8.3% to 12.4%, the R90 increased from 35.8% to 40.0%. With co-firing 20% compacted cow manure and the coal fineness R200 increasing from 8.3% to 14.4%, the R90 increased from 35.8% to 54.4%. The pressure difference between the coal mill inlet and outlet varied significantly and was closely related to the coal feed rate. With the furnace compacted cow manure co-firing ratio of 2.9% (15% co-firing with coal mill B) and 6.4% (20% co-firing with coal mill B), the changes of exhaust temperature before and after co-firing were both between 1.0~2.5 ℃. With the furnace compacted cow manure co-firing ratio of 7.1% (16.0% co-firing with coal mills B and D) and 8.7% (15% co-firing with coal mills B, C, and D), the exhaust temperature before and after co-firing increased by 3.3 ℃ and 3.6 ℃ at 450 MW and 550 MW, respectively, which was significant. At 250 MW, 450 MW, and 550 MW loads, the change of CO mass concentration was less than 5 mg/m3, and the decrease in boiler thermal efficiency before and after co-firing remained 0.06~0.28 percentage points. Co-firing compacted cow manure can reduce NOx and SO2 emissions. When the mixing ratio of compacted cow manure on two and three coal mills was 15% and 20%, the annual CO2 emission reduction would be 140 312, 210 467, 160 356 and 240 534 tons, respectively.

660 MW  /  lignite coal  /  cow manure  /  co-firing  /  combustion characteristics  /  pollutant emission
卫翔, 潘腾, 田亚钊, 律景春, 赵旭, 侯岩, 张英杰, 杨富鑫, 谭厚章, 王学斌, 贾子秀. 660 MW燃煤机组直接掺烧生物质牛粪试验. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (9) : 71 -78 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412261
Xiang WEI, Teng PAN, Yazhao TIAN, Jingchun LYU, Xu ZHAO, Yan HOU, Yingjie ZHANG, Fuxin YANG, Houzhang TAN, Xuebin WANG, Zixiu JIA. Experimental study on direct co-combustion of biomass cow manure in a 660 MW coal-fired unit[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (9) : 71 -78 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412261
随着“双碳”战略目标的持续推进,我国能源利用需要从基于地下自然禀赋的能源开发利用走向基于技术创新的新能源开发利用。在新的能源结构体系中,新型绿色能源从补充能源转变为主体能源,而化石能源从主体能源转变为保障性能源。我国煤炭资源丰富,火电在目前能源结构转型过程中仍然发挥主体作用,而燃煤火电厂作为CO2排放的大户,如何在保持现有发电站成本效益的同时实现“碳中和”已成为一个重大挑战[1]
燃煤机组耦合生物质发电是火电厂实现降碳发展的主要方式之一[2-3]。联合国气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的数据显示,生物质的CO2排放量为18 g/(kW·h)[4],基本与风电相当,相比于煤炭CO2排放量(300 g/(kW·h))可忽略不计。我国生物质能源储量丰富,国家能源局《生物质能发展“十三五”规划》指出[5],全国每年可用作能源利用的生物质资源折合约4.6亿吨标准煤,但实际上生物质资源的利用率不足10%[6]。目前,部分学者[7-12]开展了燃煤机组耦合生物质发电技术研究。其中,本文课题组于2009年在宝鸡二电厂300 MW和660 MW机组开展了生物质耦合发电工程应用,分析了生物质掺烧对锅炉效率、污染物排放及粉煤灰特性的影响[7-8]。郎范玲等[9]在600 MW机组开展低负荷生物质颗粒掺烧试验研究,分析了掺烧生物质颗粒对锅炉制粉、燃烧与排放特性的影响,明确了单台磨煤机及锅炉的最大掺烧比例。整体而言,生物质耦合发电的工程应用案例较少,多集中于实验室研究[13-18],大型燃煤机组直接掺烧生物质发电应用较少,试验数据十分缺乏。
我国内蒙古草原牧区畜牧业发达,牛粪作为一种生物质废弃资源,含有较高的木质素、纤维素和半纤维素,且产量丰富。目前,仅有少量牛粪资源被用作肥料或用于取暖,大量牛粪堆积在养殖场等,易导致水体微生物超标或者富养化,对环境造成影响。将牛粪资源耦合燃煤机组发电,不仅可以提高牛粪废弃资源化利用,还响应国家政策,实现燃煤机组降碳可持续发展。目前,国内尚无大型煤电耦合牛粪生物质发电的案例,在不添加设备和改造设备的前提下,牛粪掺烧发电对锅炉原有各设备和污染物排放的影响尚不清晰。基于此,在内蒙古某电厂660 MW机组开展牛粪掺烧试验研究,分析了牛粪掺烧对现有磨煤机制粉性能、燃烧特性、锅炉效率及污染物排放特性的影响规律。
内蒙古某电厂2×660 MW超超临界机组锅炉为一次中间再热、超超临界压力变压运行、单炉膛、平衡通风、固态排渣、全钢架、全悬吊结构、紧身封闭布置的Π型锅炉。锅炉采用正压直吹式制粉系统,每台锅炉配6台中速磨煤机,煤粉细度R90=35%,采用四角切圆燃烧方式。
试验在2号机组进行。首先在B磨煤机上进行掺烧压块牛粪试验,研究在掺烧比例15%和20%下磨煤机最大出力;随后,在15%掺烧比例下开展了多台磨煤机掺烧试验,考察多台磨煤机掺烧时,机组燃烧特性和污染物排放情况,试验工况见表1
在调整制粉系统及变工况压块牛粪掺烧试验过程中,主要采集的样品包括压块牛粪、褐煤、飞灰、炉渣、粉煤灰,记录的数据包括排烟温度、烟道O2含量、炉膛出口烟气温度、NOx质量浓度、SO2质量浓度。NOx、SO2、O2、CO含量和排烟温度等由集控室系统或现场测量得到;炉渣在冷灰斗下直接取样,烘干后分析其可燃物。每个掺烧试验工况前将电场灰斗料位调低至放空,掺烧试验结束后在该灰斗处取灰。锅炉运行主参数、给煤量和燃烧器投运情况、二次风开度、一次风风量风压、脱硝、除尘、脱硫及制粉等系统的运行参数通过集控室系统读取,文中所得数据均为稳定运行工况下的平均值。
表2给出了掺烧试验期间褐煤和牛粪的工业分析和元素分析,并给出了秸秆的工业分析和元素分析[18]。由表2可见,相比于秸秆燃料,牛粪燃料灰分偏高、挥发分和热值偏低,但整体上作为典型草本生物质,牛粪与秸秆的燃料特性较为相似。
电厂所用磨煤机是根据设计煤种进行设计的,由于压块牛粪的可磨性小,磨煤机对压块牛粪主要进行碾碎。在单台磨煤机掺烧试验中,纯煤、B磨煤机掺混15%压块牛粪和B磨煤机掺混20%压块牛粪时,采集B磨煤机电流的表盘参数,记录稳定工况的平均数。图1为B磨煤机电流随给煤量变化。由图1可见,掺混压块牛粪前后,B磨煤机电流有所提高,但变化较小。同一给煤量下,电流变化较小,在给煤量60 t/h时,掺混15%压块牛粪的B磨煤机电流为39.07 A,比纯煤工况的38 A增加了1.07 A。
煤粉细度指煤粉粒径的大小,是衡量煤粉品质的重要指标。煤粉过粗,在炉膛内不易燃尽,飞灰可燃物升高,会增加不完全燃烧热损失,锅炉效率降低;煤粉过细,则制粉系统的电耗增大,磨煤机损耗增加。为研究压块牛粪掺混对磨煤机制粉性能的影响,在掺混压块牛粪试验前后对同一磨煤机碾磨煤机输送的煤粉取样分析,压块牛粪掺混比例为15%和20%时,煤粉细度变化见表3R90R200分别为样品中粒径大于90、200 μm的煤粉质量占比。由表3可见:掺混15%压块牛粪后,R200由8.3%增至12.4%,R90由35.8%增至40.0%;掺混20%压块牛粪后,R200由8.3%增至14.4%,R90由35.8%增至54.4%。
煤粉细度增大,燃料在炉膛内燃烧不充分,会降低燃料的燃尽率,可能使得飞灰可燃物含量升高,还会使得火焰中心上移,锅炉排烟温度升高,从而降低锅炉热效率。
磨煤机出入口压差是反映磨煤机内是否堵塞的重要参数。压块牛粪进入磨煤机破碎后,密度大幅降低,部分较大颗粒未经充分磨制即被一次风带走,较长的纤维可能堵塞制粉系统进而影响磨煤机出口压力,造成出入口压差增加。为研究压块牛粪掺混对磨煤机出入口压差的影响,记录掺混压块牛粪试验前后B磨煤机的出入口压差,结果如图2所示。
掺混工况的出入口压差明显高于纯煤工况。在给煤量80 t/h时,B磨煤机掺混15%压块牛粪和掺混20%压块牛粪工况的出入口压差分别在5.4、5.5 kPa左右,压差较大。在给煤量小于70 t/h时,掺混15%压块牛粪的B磨煤机出入口压差维持在4.5~5.0 kPa,运行整体平稳;而掺混20%压块牛粪工况下的B磨煤机出入口压差维持在5.1~5.3 kPa,压差较大。在给煤量60 t/h时,掺混20%压块牛粪工况下的B磨煤机出入口压差维持在4.8 kPa左右,运行整体平稳。因此,考虑到单台磨煤机掺混工况的试验安全性,掺混15%压块牛粪工况时,建议给煤量70 t/h;而掺混20%压块牛粪时,建议给煤量60 t/h。
总体而言,电厂原有磨煤机对压块牛粪具有较好的适应性,可以碾磨压块牛粪。但为了持续、稳定的运行,需要对压块牛粪的细度提出要求,避免大块杂质的出现。同时,掺混时需要定时对磨盘进行观察和清理。
不同负荷单台、多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪比例均为15%掺烧方式对排烟温度的影响如图3所示。由图3可见:无论是纯煤燃烧还是压块牛粪掺烧工况,整体排烟温度均保持在130~142 ℃;掺烧压块牛粪后,排烟温度有所提高,幅度为1~4 ℃。
单台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪工况下的排烟温度相比于纯煤工况,变化较小:在低负荷时,压块牛粪掺烧后的排烟温度相比于纯煤工况高2.5 ℃;而在中负荷和高负荷时,压块牛粪掺烧后的排烟温度相比于纯煤工况高1~2 ℃。多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪工况下的排烟温度相比于纯煤工况,变化较大,在450、550 MW负荷下,掺烧压块牛粪后的排烟温度相比于纯煤工况分别提高3.3 ℃和3.6 ℃。
在550 MW工况下,单台、多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪比例均为15%时,其对飞灰和炉渣可燃物含量的影响见表4。由表4可见:纯煤燃烧时飞灰可燃物质量分数低于0.10%;而掺烧压块牛粪后的飞灰可燃物质量分数并没大幅度提高,保持在0.15%以下。同时,掺烧压块牛粪前后的炉渣可燃物质量分数始终为0。因此,掺烧压块牛粪后锅炉的燃尽性能良好,飞灰可燃物和炉渣可燃物几乎无变化。
烟气中可燃气体质量浓度是影响锅炉热效率的重要指标,图4为不同负荷下掺烧压块牛粪对烟气中CO质量浓度的影响。由图4可见,同负荷下,掺烧压块牛粪后CO质量浓度变化较小。脱硝系统A侧CO质量浓度较低,维持在14~20 mg/m3,掺烧压块牛粪后,CO质量浓度变化小于5 mg/m3;而B侧CO质量浓度较高,维持在260~270 mg/m3,掺烧压块牛粪后,CO质量浓度变化小于3 mg/m3。整体而言,掺烧压块牛粪未对锅炉烟气中CO质量浓度产生明显影响。
单台、多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪比例均为15%掺烧方式对锅炉效率的影响如图5所示。由图5可见,掺烧压块牛粪后,锅炉效率有所下降。250 MW工况下,全炉掺烧6.4%(B磨煤机掺烧20%)压块牛粪时,锅炉效率下降约为0.09百分点。450 MW工况下,全炉掺烧2.9%压块牛粪时,锅炉效率下降约为0.07百分点;全炉掺烧8.7%压块牛粪,锅炉效率下降约为0.21百分点。550 MW工况下,全炉掺烧2.9%压块牛粪时,锅炉效率下降约为0.06百分点;全炉掺烧8.7%压块牛粪时,锅炉效率下降约为0.28百分点。可见,掺烧压块牛粪对锅炉热效率略有影响,当掺烧压块牛粪的全炉比例在2.9%~8.7%变化时,相比与纯煤工况,锅炉热效率下降幅度在0.06~0.28百分点。
不同负荷下单台、多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪比例均为15%掺烧方式对NOx和SO2的影响如图6图7所示。由图6图7可见,掺烧压块牛粪后,NOx质量浓度和SO2质量浓度均有所降低。
在单台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪,负荷250~560 MW工况时,B磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪后NOx质量浓度较纯煤燃烧下降8.57~18.59 mg/m3,降低幅度在2.8%~6.2%。启用B、C、D 3台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪,负荷425~500 MW时,机组脱硝系统原烟气NOx平均质量浓度较纯煤工况下降24.47 mg/m3。500~600 MW负荷段,掺烧压块牛粪燃料后,机组脱硝系统原烟气NOx平均质量浓度较纯煤工况下降8.95 mg/m3,降低3.0%。
在掺烧压块牛粪后,压块牛粪会与煤抢氧燃烧,产生局部还原性气氛,生成大量的NHi和CHi等基团[19-20],还原NOx。此外,据报道[19-20]煤生成的含N物质大多以HCN形式存在,生物质中的挥发性N大部分以NH3的形式存在,NH3作为常用氨基脱硝分子,在氧化氛围下依然对氮氧化物具有较强的还原作用,较HCN更倾向于转化成N2。有研究表明[21],随着NH3/HCN比例升高,氮氧化物生成量呈下降趋势。因此,受NH3/HCN比例升高的影响,掺烧压块牛粪后,氮氧化物质量浓度略有降低。其中,涉及反应如下:
NH3HO,ONHiNON2
HCNONCOHNHiNON2
在单台磨煤机掺烧250~560 MW工况时,B磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪后平均SO2质量浓度较纯煤燃烧下降95.5~109.9 mg/m3,降低幅度在3.2%~4.6%。而多台磨煤机掺烧,380 MW负荷工况下,烟气中的SO2比纯煤减少了241.5 mg/m3,降低7.5%;在560 MW负荷时,烟气中的SO2比纯煤减少了307.5 mg/m3,降低8.5%。SO2的质量浓度取决于燃料中的硫含量、风量及燃烧情况等,本次试验褐煤(收到基)的硫分为0.80%,压块牛粪(收到基)的硫分为0.20%,因而掺烧压块牛粪后烟气中SO2的质量浓度显著下降。
整体而言,掺烧压块牛粪锅炉SO2和NOx生成量均略有降低,可以减少环保设备压力,降低污染物脱除费用。
在燃煤机组中掺烧压块牛粪,能够显著降低碳排放。每吨标煤燃烧产生的CO2量为2.66 t。表5为掺烧压块牛粪后的年CO2减排量。表5中首先将掺烧的压块牛粪按热值折算到替代标准煤的质量,再通过替代标准煤的质量计算得到CO2减排量。由表5可见:2台和3台磨煤机掺混压块牛粪,每台掺混比例均为15%时,机组在2023年的运行时间7 033.16 h,年CO2排放量分别减少140 312 、210 467 t;2台和3台磨煤机掺混压块牛粪,每台掺混比例均为20%时,机组在2023年的运行时间7 033.16 h,年CO2排放量可分别减少160 356、240 534 t。
本文在某电厂660 MW机组上进行压块牛粪掺烧试验。基于现有制粉系统,研究了磨煤机碾磨生物质与煤混合燃料的能力,以及不同负荷下,掺烧压块牛粪对锅炉燃烧特性与污染物排放特性的影响,得到以下结论。
1)掺烧15%和20%压块牛粪时,制粉系统整体运行稳定,磨煤机对压块牛粪的适应性较好。掺烧15%和20%压块牛粪后,磨煤机电流略有增加,变化幅度较小。压块牛粪掺混对煤粉细度存在一定影响:掺烧15%压块牛粪后,R200由8.3%增至12.4%,R90由35.8%增至40.0%;掺烧20%压块牛粪,R200由8.3%增至14.4%,R90由35.8%增至54.4%。掺混压块牛粪前后,不同给煤量下磨煤机出入口压差变化较大。建议单台磨煤机掺烧比例15%时,给煤量不超过70 t/h;单台磨煤机掺烧比例20%时,给煤量不超过60 t/h。
2)单台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪对排烟温度的影响较小,250、450、550 MW负荷掺烧压块牛粪前后,排烟温度提高1.0~2.5 ℃。而多台磨煤机掺烧压块牛粪对排烟影响温度较大,在450 MW和550 MW时,掺烧压块牛粪前后,排烟温度分别提高3.3 ℃和3.6 ℃。550 MW负荷掺烧压块牛粪前后,炉渣含碳量始终保持为0,飞灰含碳由0.02%提高到0.14%,变化较小。掺烧压块牛粪后,脱硝系统A、B两侧CO质量分数变化均小于5 mg/m3,且锅炉热效率下降幅度保持在0.06百分点~0.28百分点。掺烧压块牛粪对锅炉燃尽性能和锅炉效率的影响均不明显。
3)掺烧压块牛粪能够显著降低NOx和SO2排放量。NOx质量浓度最高可降低24.47 mg/m3;SO2质量浓度最高可降低307.5 mg/m3
4)2台和3台磨煤机掺混压块牛粪,每台掺混比例为15%、20%时,年CO2减排量分别为140 312、210 467 t和160 356、240 534 t,碳减排效果显著。
  • 国家能源集团科技创新项目(GDDL-24-31)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51976166)
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2025年第54卷第9期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412261
  • 接收时间:2024-12-01
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-01
基金
Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of CHN ENERGY Investment Group(GDDL-24-31)
国家能源集团科技创新项目(GDDL-24-31)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51976166)
国家自然科学基金项目(51976166)
作者信息
    1.国能北电胜利能源有限公司,内蒙古 锡林浩特 026000
    2.西安交通大学热流科学与工程教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710049
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054

通讯作者:

杨富鑫(1985),男,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要研究方向为生物质等固体燃料的清洁利用等,
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202412261
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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