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A 300 MW supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle oxyfuel power generation system is designed, and a simulation model is constructed using process simulation methods to study the effects of key operating parameters (such as the primary dry cycle flue gas ratio, the economizer side split ratio, the cold primary air temperature and the high-pressure turbine inlet pressure) on the system’s thermal performance indexes. The effects of key operating parameters such as primary dry cycle flue gas ratio, economizer side split ratio, cold primary air temperature and high-pressure turbine inlet pressure on the system thermodynamics were investigated, and the thermal characteristics of the generating unit were revealed. The results show that, the boiler efficiency decreases with the increase of the proportion of primary dry-cycle flue gas, and when the proportion of primary dry-cycle flue gas reaches 50%, the net electric efficiency of the system is the highest, which is 42.93%. The boiler efficiency rises at first and then decreases with the increase of the coal economizer-side shunt ratio, and the net electric efficiency of the system reaches the highest (42.86%) when the coal economizer-side shunt ratio is 11%. With the increase of cold primary air temperature, the boiler efficiency keeps increasing, and the rising trend slows down and stabilizes at 99.29% at temperatures higher than 65 ℃, and the net electric efficiency of the system keeps increasing and reaches 43.06% at 95 ℃. With the increase of high-pressure turbine inlet pressure, the boiler efficiency firstly rises and then decreases, and reaches the maximum value of 99.35% at 29.5 MPa, and the net electric efficiency of the system reaches the optimal value (43.66%) at 29.0 MPa.

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设计了一种300 MW超临界二氧化碳(supercritical carbon dioxide,S-CO2)布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电系统,采用流程模拟方法搭建了仿真模型,研究了一次干循环烟气比例、省煤器侧分流比、冷一次风温度及高压透平进口压力等关键运行参数对系统热力学性能指标的影响,揭示了该发电机组热力特性。结果表明:随一次干循环烟气比例增加,锅炉效率下降,当一次干循环烟气比例达到50%时,系统净电效率最高,为42.93%;随着省煤器侧分流比的增大,锅炉效率先上升后下降,省煤器侧分流比为11%时,系统净电效率最高,为42.86%;随冷一次风温度升高,锅炉效率不断提升,在65 ℃后上升趋势减缓并稳定在99.29%,系统净电效率不断上升,95 ℃时为43.06%;随着高压透平进口压力增大,锅炉效率先升后降,在29.5 MPa达到最大值,为99.35%,系统净电效率在29.0 MPa时达到最优,为43.66%。

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张智羽(1979),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为富氧燃烧技术、多能互补系统,

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张智羽(1979),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为富氧燃烧技术、多能互补系统,

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张智羽(1979),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为富氧燃烧技术、多能互补系统,

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Applied Sciences-Basel, 2020, 10(9): 3123., articleTitle=Parametrized analysis and multi-objective optimization of supercritical CO2 (S-CO2) power cycles coupled with parabolic trough collectors, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1236321555513406454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236321540032229751, awardId=2022MS05036, language=EN, fundingSource=Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2022MS05036), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236321555668595708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236321540032229751, awardId=2022MS05036, language=CN, fundingSource=内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2022MS05036), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1236321555769259009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236321540032229751, awardId=2023QNJS141, language=EN, fundingSource=Basic Research Operating Expenses Program for Colleges and Universities Directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous 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Validation of the S-CO2 Brayton cycle oxyfuel power generation system

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测量点压力/MPa温度/℃质量流量/(kg·s–1)
本文文献[7]误差/%本文文献[7]误差/%本文文献[7]误差/%
17.787.780516.31516.3102 209.002 209.000
27.727.720218.73220.19–0.6602 209.002 209.000
37.667.66086.0786.87–0.9202 209.002 209.000
3a7.667.66086.0786.87–0.920746.64746.79–0.020
47.607.60032.0432.000.1251 462.361 462.210.010
529.4629.46080.6379.850.9801 462.361 462.210.010
629.4029.400218.21219.07–0.390746.64746.79–0.020
6a29.4029.400215.00215.000243.55242.990.230
729.3029.300510.33508.900.2802 209.002 209.000
828.5028.500602.00602.0002 209.002 209.000
917.8717.870539.09539.0902 209.002 209.000
1017.3017.300622.00622.0002 209.002 209.000
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S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧发电系统验证

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测量点压力/MPa温度/℃质量流量/(kg·s–1)
本文文献[7]误差/%本文文献[7]误差/%本文文献[7]误差/%
17.787.780516.31516.3102 209.002 209.000
27.727.720218.73220.19–0.6602 209.002 209.000
37.667.66086.0786.87–0.9202 209.002 209.000
3a7.667.66086.0786.87–0.920746.64746.79–0.020
47.607.60032.0432.000.1251 462.361 462.210.010
529.4629.46080.6379.850.9801 462.361 462.210.010
629.4029.400218.21219.07–0.390746.64746.79–0.020
6a29.4029.400215.00215.000243.55242.990.230
729.3029.300510.33508.900.2802 209.002 209.000
828.5028.500602.00602.0002 209.002 209.000
917.8717.870539.09539.0902 209.002 209.000
1017.3017.300622.00622.0002 209.002 209.000
), ArticleFig(id=1236321555064615908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236321540032229751, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Basic parameters of the system

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参数数值参数数值
高压透平效率/%93.5一次干循环烟气比例/%50
低压透平效率/%94.5省煤器侧分流比/%11
主压缩机效率/%90冷一次风温度/℃45
再压缩机效率/%91循环最低压力/MPa7.6
再压缩机分流比/%33.8循环最低温度/℃32
高压透平入口压力/MPa28.5发电功率/MW300
高压透平入口温度/℃602锅炉效率/%99.29
低压透平入口压力/MPa17.3供电标准煤耗量/(t·h–1)125.04
低压透平入口温度/℃622净电效率/%42.86
), ArticleFig(id=1236321555291108330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1236321540032229751, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

系统基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数数值参数数值
高压透平效率/%93.5一次干循环烟气比例/%50
低压透平效率/%94.5省煤器侧分流比/%11
主压缩机效率/%90冷一次风温度/℃45
再压缩机效率/%91循环最低压力/MPa7.6
再压缩机分流比/%33.8循环最低温度/℃32
高压透平入口压力/MPa28.5发电功率/MW300
高压透平入口温度/℃602锅炉效率/%99.29
低压透平入口压力/MPa17.3供电标准煤耗量/(t·h–1)125.04
低压透平入口温度/℃622净电效率/%42.86
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300 MW超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环富氧燃烧发电机组热力特性分析
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张智羽 1, 2 , 张波 1, 2 , 秦龙 1, 2 , 宋海辉 1, 2 , 朱琳 1, 2 , 肖卓楠 1, 2 , 王圣杰 3
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025,54(10): 73-81
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025, 54(10): 73-81
300 MW超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环富氧燃烧发电机组热力特性分析
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张智羽1, 2 , 张波1, 2, 秦龙1, 2, 宋海辉1, 2, 朱琳1, 2, 肖卓楠1, 2, 王圣杰3
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古 包头 014017
  • 2.内蒙古自治区新型重要能源综合利用技术集成攻关大平台,内蒙古 包头 014017
  • 3.中央民族大学经济学院,北京 100081
  • 张智羽(1979),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为富氧燃烧技术、多能互补系统,

Study on thermodynamic performance of a 300 MW supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle oxyfuel generating unit
Zhiyu ZHANG1, 2 , Bo ZHANG1, 2, Long QIN1, 2, Haihui SONG1, 2, Lin ZHU1, 2, Zhuonan XIAO1, 2, Shengjie WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014017, China
  • 2.Integrated Research Large Platform for Comprehensive Utilization Technologies of New Important Energy, Baotou 014017, China
  • 3.School of Economics, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2025-10-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412266
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设计了一种300 MW超临界二氧化碳(supercritical carbon dioxide,S-CO2)布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电系统,采用流程模拟方法搭建了仿真模型,研究了一次干循环烟气比例、省煤器侧分流比、冷一次风温度及高压透平进口压力等关键运行参数对系统热力学性能指标的影响,揭示了该发电机组热力特性。结果表明:随一次干循环烟气比例增加,锅炉效率下降,当一次干循环烟气比例达到50%时,系统净电效率最高,为42.93%;随着省煤器侧分流比的增大,锅炉效率先上升后下降,省煤器侧分流比为11%时,系统净电效率最高,为42.86%;随冷一次风温度升高,锅炉效率不断提升,在65 ℃后上升趋势减缓并稳定在99.29%,系统净电效率不断上升,95 ℃时为43.06%;随着高压透平进口压力增大,锅炉效率先升后降,在29.5 MPa达到最大值,为99.35%,系统净电效率在29.0 MPa时达到最优,为43.66%。

超临界二氧化碳  /  富氧燃烧  /  热力特性  /  运行参数优化

A 300 MW supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle oxyfuel power generation system is designed, and a simulation model is constructed using process simulation methods to study the effects of key operating parameters (such as the primary dry cycle flue gas ratio, the economizer side split ratio, the cold primary air temperature and the high-pressure turbine inlet pressure) on the system’s thermal performance indexes. The effects of key operating parameters such as primary dry cycle flue gas ratio, economizer side split ratio, cold primary air temperature and high-pressure turbine inlet pressure on the system thermodynamics were investigated, and the thermal characteristics of the generating unit were revealed. The results show that, the boiler efficiency decreases with the increase of the proportion of primary dry-cycle flue gas, and when the proportion of primary dry-cycle flue gas reaches 50%, the net electric efficiency of the system is the highest, which is 42.93%. The boiler efficiency rises at first and then decreases with the increase of the coal economizer-side shunt ratio, and the net electric efficiency of the system reaches the highest (42.86%) when the coal economizer-side shunt ratio is 11%. With the increase of cold primary air temperature, the boiler efficiency keeps increasing, and the rising trend slows down and stabilizes at 99.29% at temperatures higher than 65 ℃, and the net electric efficiency of the system keeps increasing and reaches 43.06% at 95 ℃. With the increase of high-pressure turbine inlet pressure, the boiler efficiency firstly rises and then decreases, and reaches the maximum value of 99.35% at 29.5 MPa, and the net electric efficiency of the system reaches the optimal value (43.66%) at 29.0 MPa.

supercritical carbon dioxide  /  oxyfuel combustion  /  thermal property  /  operating parameters optimization
张智羽, 张波, 秦龙, 宋海辉, 朱琳, 肖卓楠, 王圣杰. 300 MW超临界二氧化碳布雷顿循环富氧燃烧发电机组热力特性分析. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (10) : 73 -81 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412266
Zhiyu ZHANG, Bo ZHANG, Long QIN, Haihui SONG, Lin ZHU, Zhuonan XIAO, Shengjie WANG. Study on thermodynamic performance of a 300 MW supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle oxyfuel generating unit[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (10) : 73 -81 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412266
碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture, utilization and storage,CCUS)[1]技术是重要的碳中和手段,碳捕集的主要方式包括燃烧前碳捕集、燃烧后碳捕集和富氧燃烧技术。作为一种可以实现CO2近零排放的技术,富氧燃烧一直备受全球研究者关注[2-5],其能有效降低碳捕集能耗,但由于增加了运行能耗较大的空气分离(空分)单元和烟气压缩纯化单元,系统供电效率会下降10%左右[6]
目前,大多数燃煤电厂仍以水作为循环工质,最先进的超超临界发电机组的发电效率可达到48%左右,但由于金属材料受温度限制,通过提高主蒸汽温度来提升发电效率已陷入瓶颈[7]。超临界二氧化碳(supercritical carbon dioxide,S-CO2[8]布雷顿循环由于转换效率高、节水量大等特点,被认为是最具发展前景的能源转换系统之一[9],被广泛应用于核能、燃料电池、聚光式太阳能等领域[10-12]。此外,S-CO2无毒、无污染、价格低廉等特点使得S-CO2循环具备良好的环境及经济性能[13]。近几年,各国研究人员均致力于研究和设计更高效的S-CO2布雷顿循环燃煤电厂,努力克服S-CO2布雷顿循环布局问题、热源集成等重大难关[14-15]
将S-CO2技术与富氧燃烧技术有机结合,可有效解决富氧燃烧技术能耗增加的问题。冯雪佳等[6]提出了一种基于煤富氧燃烧的S-CO2再压缩循环复合发电系统,并对系统进行了热力学分析与敏感性分析,发现集成空分装置和热力系统可使系统供电效率提高到43.75%,比无集成的系统提高1.93%。吴柯[15]构建了600 MW级煤气化直接加热式S-CO2动力循环系统模型,分析了包括燃烧室出口温度、透平进出口压力、回热器夹点温差及O2纯度等参数对系统整体性能的影响规律;康佳垚[16]研究了主压缩机入口温压及分流系数等参数对S-CO2再压缩循环热效率的影响;陈玮等[17]建立了S-CO2全局模型,通过对比再压缩和再热循环的系统性能,研究了透平入口参数对系统性能的影响。
然而,以上研究集中在S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电系统汽轮机侧,对于富氧锅炉侧参数研究较少,特别是针对富氧锅炉和S-CO2集成系统中关键运行参数对耦合系统的影响,仍需更深入和具体的研究。基于此,本文设计了一种300 MW S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电系统,搭建了相关仿真模型并进行验证,研究了一次干循环烟气比例、省煤器侧分流比、冷一次风温度及高压透平进口压力等关键参数对系统热力性能的影响,可对富氧燃烧技术与S-CO2布雷顿循环的耦合研究提供新的思路。
S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电系统目前尚处于理论研究阶段,无法进行实验研究,故本文在文献[7,18]基础上建立了S-CO2再热再压缩布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电机组仿真模型,系统循环流程如图1所示。
系统热力循环为再压缩一次再热S-CO2布雷顿循环,整个循环过程均处于临界状态(7.39 MPa,31.1 ℃)以上。高温工质在低压透平中做功后流入高温换热器(1-2),与来自低温换热器的工质进行换热后,继续流入低温换热器(2-3),并与主压缩机侧流体进行换热。之后的工质分为2部分:一部分经过冷却器冷却(3-4),经由主压缩机增温加压(4-5)后流入低温换热器换热(5-6);另一部分直接经由再压缩机压缩,与低温换热器出口工质混合(3a-6)后进入高温换热器。低温换热器出口工质流出一部分经由省煤器加热后与高温换热器出口工质混合(6a-7),进入锅炉加热后的高温高压气体进入高压透平(7-8),在高压透平中膨胀做功后的工质进入锅炉再热(8-9),重新加热后(9-10)进入低压透平继续做功(10-1)。设计工况下的循环各测量点主要参数如表1所示。系统温熵图如图2所示。
表1所示,所建立的富氧机组与参考机组主要参数[7]基本一致,其中:压力误差为0;温度误差最大处为测量点5,最大误差值为0.980%;质量流量最大误差为测量点6a,最大误差值为0.230%。所有误差均不超过1%,因而可以认为本文所设计的S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电机组基本合理。
为简化数学模型,研究中认为系统工质始终处于稳定流动状态,系统各部件处于绝热状态。运行过程中燃料充分燃烧,忽略管道热损失,锅炉热损失中仅考虑影响最大的排烟损失。
透平组件通过过程流的膨胀模拟能量转换,能够将过程流中的热能或势能转换为轴的机械能。
透平等熵效率下的输出功[19]可由式(1)得出:
Wt=mt×(hinhouts)×ηt
式中:mt为透平入口工质质量流量,kg/s;hin为透平进口焓值,kJ/kg;houts为透平等熵出口焓值,kJ/kg;ηt为透平等熵效率,%。
主压缩机耗功[20]为:
WMC=mMC(h2h1)=xmc(h2sh1)/ηc,s
式中:mMC为所有流经主压缩机的工质质量流量,kg/s;h2为主压缩机出口焓值,kJ/kg;h1为主压缩机进口焓值,kJ/kg;x为主压缩机中工质质量流量与总的工质质量流量的比值,%;mc为总的工质质量流量,kg/s;h2s为主压缩机出口等熵焓,kJ/kg;ηc,s为压缩机等熵效率,%。
再压缩机耗功[20]为:
WRC=mRC(h7bh6b)=         (1x)mc(h7bsh6b)/ηc,s
式中:mRC为流经再压缩机的工质质量流量,kg/s;h7b为再压缩机出口焓值,kJ/kg;h6b为再压缩机进口焓值,kJ/kg;h7bs为再压缩机出口等熵焓,kJ/kg。
在系统循环中高温换热器、低温换热器及冷却器都属于换热器范畴。换热器遵循能量守恒方程:
mL×(hL,inhL,out)=mH×(hH,outhH,in)
式中:mL为低压侧工质质量流量,kg/s;mH为高压侧工质质量流量,kg/s;hL,in为低压侧进口工质焓值,kJ/kg;hH,in为高压侧进口工质焓值,kJ/kg;hL,out为低压侧出口工质焓值,kJ/kg;hH,out为低压侧出口工质焓值,kJ/kg。
换热器吸热或放热的热量为:
Q=m×(h1h2)
式中:m为换热器中工质的质量流量,kg/s;h1为加热器出口焓值(组件为加热器时)或冷却器进口焓值(组件为冷却器时),kJ/kg;h2为加热器进口焓值(组件为加热器时)或冷却器出口焓值(组件为冷却器时),kJ/kg。
空分系统能耗通过生产特定纯度与流量的氧气所需电力求得[21]
EASU=(φA, jinW0,i,(k,j))(φO,O+φN,N100)Vact(O2)22.4ηcom(φA,O+φN,N100)
式中:φA,j为空气中j气体的体积分数,%;n为多级压缩机的级数;W0, i, (k, j)为第一级压缩机对j气体进行绝热压缩所需要的理论压缩功,kJ/mol;φO,O为所制取的氧气纯度,%;φA,N为所制取的氮气纯度,%;Vact(O2)为所制取的氧气的体积流量,m3/s;ηcom为多级压缩机效率,%;φA,O为空气中氧气体积份额,%。
同样地,烟气压缩纯化系统的运行能耗通过计算压缩锅炉排烟中高纯CO2所需要的电能计算[5]
ECPU=(φy,iinW0,i,(yj))Vcom-cy+inW0,i(CO2)Vi(CO2)22.4ηcom+   W0,P(CO2)V(CO2)22.4ηbp
式中:φy,i为锅炉排烟中j气体的体积分数,%;W0,i,(y-j)为第i级压缩机对锅炉排烟中j气体进行绝热压缩所需要的理论压缩功,kJ/mol;Vcom-cy为压缩机中待处理的烟气流量,m3/s;W0,i(CO2)为第i级压缩机对锅炉排烟中CO2进行绝热压缩所消耗的理论功,kJ/mol;Vi(CO2)为进入第i级压缩机的CO2体积流量,m3/s;ηcom为多级压缩机效率,%;W0,P(CO2)为增压泵对液体CO2进行绝热压缩所需的理论压缩功,kJ/mol;V(CO2)为进入增压泵的锅炉排烟中的CO2的体积流量,m3/s;ηbp为增压泵效率,%。
一次干循环烟气比例定义为锅炉排烟中经过除尘、脱硫、脱水后返回作为一次风使用的循环烟气量占锅炉总排烟量的比例[22],表达式如下:
x=Vg,cyVfg×100%
式中:x为锅炉排烟中一次干循环烟气占干烟气总量的比例,%;Vg,cy为参与循环的干烟气总量,m3/h;Vfg为经过除尘、脱硫、脱水后的总干烟气总量,m3/h。
省煤器侧分流比定义为从高温换热器出口分流到省煤器的S-CO2的比例:
αECO=mECOm×100%
式中:αECO为省煤器侧分流比,%;mECO为向省煤器分流的S-CO2流量,kg/s;m为参与循环的S-CO2流量,kg/s。
系统净输出电量为:
Pe=PPloss
式中:Pe为耦合系统净输出电量,MW;P为系统发电量,MW;Ploss为系统运行消耗的发电量,MW。
系统净电效率[23-24]表达式如下:
η=PeBQnet, ar×3 600×100%
式中:η为系统净电效率,%;B为单位时间内锅炉实际煤耗量,kg/s;Qnet,ar为煤的低位发热量,本文为20 910 kJ/kg。
锅炉热效率为锅炉热负荷与燃料输入热量的比值,计算式为[25]
ηb=QbBQnet,ar×100=100(q2+q3+q4+q5+q6)
式中:Qb为锅炉热负荷,MW;q2为排烟热损失,%;q3为可燃气体未完全燃烧热损失,%;q4为固体未完全燃烧热损失,%;q5为散热损失,%;q6为灰渣物理热损失,%。
研究过程主要考虑锅炉损失中的排烟热损失,根据文献[5,26]可得富氧燃煤锅炉的排烟热损失为:
q2=(hpyhcyhxh)(100q4)BQnet,ar
式中:hpy为富氧燃煤锅炉排出烟气焓,kJ/kg;hcy为进入富氧燃煤锅炉的氧气焓,kJ/kg;hxh为循环烟气焓,kJ/kg。
运用Ebsilon Professional软件搭建了系统的流程仿真模型,在环境温度25 ℃、环境压力0.1 MPa的情况下,系统基本参数及各部件的运行效率如表2所示。循环最低压力及温度均高于临界值,可保证循环始终处于临界状态以上运行。
本节讨论关键运行参数变化对系统性能的影响,在讨论单因素影响时,其余影响因素均与表2所示保持一致。研究中涉及的锅炉侧参数为一次干循环烟气比例、省煤器侧分流比及冷一次风温度,透平侧参数选择高压透平进口压力。
一次干循环烟气比例变化范围选择为20%~60%[22],对系统性能的影响如图3所示。由图3可以看出,锅炉效率随一次循环烟气比例增加逐渐下降。这是因为一次干循环烟气比例增加,参与循环的烟气量增大,排烟损失增加,导致锅炉效率下降。
供电标准煤耗量及净电效率随一次干循环烟气比例的变化如图4所示。
图4可以看出:随一次干循环烟气比例增加,系统供电标准煤耗量先减小后增大,系统净电效率则先升高后降低。分析原因为:随着一次干循环烟气比例的增加,循环一次风量减少,尾部烟气流量减少,空分能耗及烟气压缩纯化能耗降低,系统总能耗降低,使得系统供电标准煤耗量逐渐降低,系统净电效率逐渐升高。当一次干循环烟气比例达到50%左右时,系统供电标准煤耗量达到最低,为124.93 t/h;系统净电效率达到最高,为42.93%。一次干循环烟气比例超过50%后,锅炉效率下降趋势加剧,导致系统供电煤耗量增加,系统净电效率降低。
省煤器侧分流比[27]在4%~15%之间变化[18]时,锅炉效率及排烟温度变化情况如图5所示。可以看出,锅炉效率随省煤器侧分流比增大先升高后降低,13%时达到最优值,为99.33%。主要原因为:锅炉热损失主要集中在排出的烟气中,排烟温度降低,排烟热损失减小,锅炉效率增加;反之则锅炉效率降低。
系统供电标准煤耗量及净电效率随省煤器侧分流比的变化趋势如图6所示。
图6可以看出,随省煤器侧分流比增大,系统供电标准煤耗量先降低后增加,系统净电效率则先增大后减小。当省煤器侧分流比为11%时:系统供电标准煤耗量达到最小,为125.04 t/h;系统净电效率达到最大,为42.86%。主要原因为:当省煤器侧分流比小于11%时,锅炉效率增大,耗煤量减少,所需一、二次风量减少,尾部烟气流量减少,空分系统及烟气压缩纯化系统功耗降低,系统净电效率升高;当省煤器侧分流比大于11%时,锅炉耗煤量增加,作为一次风的氧气量及干循环烟气量随之增加,导致系统发电功耗增加,系统净电效率降低。
冷一次风温度对煤粉气流的着火、燃烧速度影响较大[28]。对于所设计机组采用直吹式送粉系统,通常情况下其一次风温度<90 ℃[29],本文冷一次风温度范围选择为25~95 ℃。
图7所示为冷一次风温度对锅炉效率的影响。可以看出,随冷一次风温度升高,锅炉效率不断上升,在65 ℃后提升减缓并逐渐稳定在99.29%。
随着冷一次风温度升高,锅炉效率不断升高,这是由于提高一次风温度可降低煤粉着火热,使得着火提前,煤粉得以更充分地燃烧,由此导致锅炉供电标准煤耗降低,燃烧所需氧气量减少,空分能耗降低,二次循环烟气量增加,排烟量减少,排烟热损失减小,锅炉效率有所提升。同时,排烟量降低使得烟气压缩纯化系统能耗减少,系统净电效率增大,如图8所示。当冷一次风温度为95 ℃时,系统供电标准煤耗及净电效率达到最优,此时供电标准煤耗为116.53 t/h,净电效率为43.06%。
高压透平进口压力范围选择为27.5~30.0 MPa[30],其对锅炉效率的影响如图9所示。由图9可以看出,锅炉效率随高压透平进口压力增大先升高后降低,29.5 MPa时达到最大值,为99.35%。
图10给出了系统供电标准煤耗量及净电效率随高压透平进口压力的变化。由图10可知,随高压透平进口压力增大,系统供电标准煤耗量先减小后增大,系统净电效率则先升高后降低。两者均在29.0 MPa时达到最优值,分别为123.73 t/h、43.66%。
随着高压透平进口压力增加,透平出口温度降低,主压缩机出口温度升高,导致高温换热器出口温度上升,锅炉过热部分吸热量减少;高温透平进口温度与低温透平进口温度维持不变,高压透平出口温度的降低使得锅炉再热部分吸热量增大。当锅炉再热部分吸热量增幅小于过热部分降幅,锅炉烟气热流量降低,排烟量减少,排烟热损失降低,锅炉效率升高,系统供电标准煤耗量降低;同理,当锅炉再热部分吸热量增幅大于过热部分吸热量降幅,锅炉效率降低,系统供电标准煤耗量增加。
在维持发电功率一定的情况下,循环净电功率主要与系统运行导致的发电能耗相关。高压透平进口压力增加意味着透平膨胀比与压缩机压缩比增加,单位质量下的透平输出功率与压缩机能耗相应增加。高压透平进口压力低于29.0 MPa时,透平输出功率增幅大于压缩机能耗增幅,锅炉效率不断升高,供电煤耗量降低,空分与烟气压缩纯化系统能耗随之减小,系统净电效率上升;当高压透平进口压力大于29.0 MPa后,锅炉效率下降,系统供电标准煤耗量上升,由此导致耗氧量和排烟量增加,空分能耗和烟气压缩纯化系统能耗增加,透平输出功率增幅小于压缩机、空分及烟气压缩纯化系统能耗增幅,系统净电效率下降。
本文建立了S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧发电系统模型,通过研究一次干循环烟气比例、省煤器侧分流比、冷一次风温度及高压透平进口压力等关键运行参数对系统热力性能的影响,得出以下结论。
1)随着一次干循环烟气比例增加,系统供电标准煤耗量逐渐减少,净电效率逐渐增加,二者在50%时达到最优,此时供电标准煤耗量为124.92 t/h,系统净电效率为42.93%。
2)随省煤器侧分流比增大:锅炉效率逐渐升高,在分流比13%时达到最优,为99.33%,之后逐渐下降;系统供电标准煤耗量先降低后增加,系统净电效率则与之相反,两者均在分流比11%时达到最优,此时系统供电标准煤耗量为125.04 t/h,净电效率为42.86%。
3)在25~95 ℃内提高冷一次风温度能有效减少锅炉标准煤耗量,提升系统净电效率,95 ℃时,系统最大净电效率为43.06%。
4)高压透平进口压力增加能显著减少系统发电标准煤耗量,提升系统净电效率。当高压透平进口压力为29.0 MPa时,最优系统供电标准煤耗量为123.73 t/h,系统净电效率为43.66%;随着高压透平进口压力增加,系统供电标准煤耗量逐渐增大,系统净电效率逐渐减小。
5)对系统热力性能影响最大的参数为高压透平进口压力,最小的为冷一次风温度。未来需进一步研究高压透平进口压力变化对S-CO2布雷顿循环富氧燃煤发电系统变工况及动态模型的影响。
  • 内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2022MS05036)
  • 内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2023QNJS141)
  • 内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2025YFHH0099)
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2025年第54卷第10期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202412266
  • 接收时间:2024-12-17
  • 首发时间:2026-03-05
  • 出版时间:2025-10-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-17
基金
Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2022MS05036)
内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2022MS05036)
Basic Research Operating Expenses Program for Colleges and Universities Directly under the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023QNJS141)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(2023QNJS141)
Key Research and Development and Achievement Transformation Program of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2025YFHH0099)
内蒙古自治区重点研发和成果转化计划项目(2025YFHH0099)
作者信息
    1.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古 包头 014017
    2.内蒙古自治区新型重要能源综合利用技术集成攻关大平台,内蒙古 包头 014017
    3.中央民族大学经济学院,北京 100081
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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