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Article(id=1222543593798095872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202304070, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681833600000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769406706522, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1703433600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769406706522, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769406706522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769406706522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222543587536003358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='197', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769406705029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773814454114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241031027209064788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241031027209064789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=190, endPage=197, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222543594129444887, articleId=1222543593798095872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on influence factors of vibration of medium speed coalpulverizers, columnId=1211002409397129992, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Power generation technology forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The long-term vibration of ZGM133G-I type medium speed coal pulverizers in a power plant causes weld fatigue fracture of the powder delivery pipeline, which results in coal powder leakage, polluting the environment and seriously affecting the operation of the unit. Based on the mechanical vibration analysis and field test of medium-speed coal pulverizers, this paper studies the influence of operating parameters such as loading force, speed of separator and output of coal pulverizers on the vibration of coal pulverizers. The results show that, the vibration of medium-speed coal pulverizers is mainly caused by the mechanical equipment itself and the setting of operating parameters. The size and separator type of coal pulverizers are not the inevitable factors that cause the vibration of coal pulverizers, but the wear and damage of mechanical structure will cause the vibration of coal pulverizers. In order to reduce the vibration of medium-speed coal pulverizers, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the output of coal pulverizers and the fineness of coal powder according to the test results, and reasonably control the loading force, separator speed and output.

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某电厂ZGM133G-I型中速磨煤机长期振动引起送粉管道焊缝疲劳断裂，产生煤粉泄漏，污染环境，严重影响机组运行。通过对中速磨煤机机械振动分析和现场试验，研究了加载力、分离器转速、磨煤机出力等运行参数对磨煤机振动的影响，研究结果认为中速磨煤机振动主要有机械设备本身和运行参数设置2个方面的原因。磨煤机型号和分离器型式不是引起磨煤机振动的主要原因，但机械结构的磨损、破坏会引起磨煤机振动；运行参数中加载力的大小对中速磨煤机振动影响最大。为减小中速磨煤机振动，应根据试验结果综合考虑磨煤机出力及煤粉细度等要求，合理控制加载力、分离器转速和出力的大小。

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张海龙（1983），男，工程师，主要研究方向为锅炉设备运行检修，。

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张海龙（1983），男，工程师，主要研究方向为锅炉设备运行检修，。

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张海龙（1983），男，工程师，主要研究方向为锅炉设备运行检修，。

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Main parameters of coal pulverizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
型号ZGM133G-I数量6
最大出力/(t·h–1)109.99磨煤机转速/(r·min–1)25.5
通风阻力（最大/计算）/kPa7.13/6.44最大/设计/最小通风量/(kg·s–1)46.1/42.8/29.9
计算出力/(t·h–1)98.24煤粉细度R90（动态分离器）/%2~20
最小出力（变频/工频）/(t·h–1)13.89/28.945磨煤机出口温度/℃60~100
磨煤机单位功耗/(kW·h·t–1)8.3密封风压与一次风差压/Pa≥2 000
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929059320026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

磨煤机主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
型号ZGM133G-I数量6
最大出力/(t·h–1)109.99磨煤机转速/(r·min–1)25.5
通风阻力（最大/计算）/kPa7.13/6.44最大/设计/最小通风量/(kg·s–1)46.1/42.8/29.9
计算出力/(t·h–1)98.24煤粉细度R90（动态分离器）/%2~20
最小出力（变频/工频）/(t·h–1)13.89/28.945磨煤机出口温度/℃60~100
磨煤机单位功耗/(kW·h·t–1)8.3密封风压与一次风差压/Pa≥2 000
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929172566238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Description of vibration measuring points category

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位置测点说明位置测点说明
1磨煤机本体支撑①（水平）2磨煤机本体支撑①（垂直）
磨煤机本体支撑②（水平）磨煤机本体支撑②（垂直）
磨煤机本体支撑③（水平）磨煤机本体支撑③（垂直）
3减速机底板①（垂直）4减速机底板①（水平）
减速机底板②（垂直）减速机底板②（水平）
减速机底板③（垂直）减速机底板③（水平）
5磨煤机下外壳①（垂直）6磨煤机上外壳①（垂直）
磨煤机下外壳②（垂直）磨煤机上外壳②（垂直）
磨煤机下外壳③（垂直）磨煤机上外壳③（垂直）
7分离器①（垂直）8分离器①（水平）
分离器②（垂直）分离器②（水平）
分离器③（垂直）分离器③（水平）
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929294201058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

振动测点类别说明

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位置测点说明位置测点说明
1磨煤机本体支撑①（水平）2磨煤机本体支撑①（垂直）
磨煤机本体支撑②（水平）磨煤机本体支撑②（垂直）
磨煤机本体支撑③（水平）磨煤机本体支撑③（垂直）
3减速机底板①（垂直）4减速机底板①（水平）
减速机底板②（垂直）减速机底板②（水平）
减速机底板③（垂直）减速机底板③（水平）
5磨煤机下外壳①（垂直）6磨煤机上外壳①（垂直）
磨煤机下外壳②（垂直）磨煤机上外壳②（垂直）
磨煤机下外壳③（垂直）磨煤机上外壳③（垂直）
7分离器①（垂直）8分离器①（水平）
分离器②（垂直）分离器②（水平）
分离器③（垂直）分离器③（水平）
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929399058663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Vibration test results of coal pulverizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
3F-13E-13D-13B-14B-14C-14E-14F-1
机组负荷/MW435.0403.7403.2403.0404.2404.2401.5402.6
锅炉主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)1 152.01 159.01 161.01 157.01 189.61 175.01 182.41 192.6
给煤机出力/(t·h–1)51.6055.3054.5049.6044.4059.6054.8048.70
磨煤机风量（表盘）/(t·h–1)131.40130.00125.10131.90128.60136.90139.10134.40
分离器转速/(r·min–1)600.0581.5637.5587.035.1 HZ①656.8644.0644.9
加载油压/MPa5.584.035.914.523.464.524.884.85
磨煤机电流/A43.0050.1056.8043.4042.1050.1053.9052.60
磨煤机本体支撑（水平）/μm137923232
磨煤机本体支撑（垂直）/μm819211519182321
减速机底板（垂直）/μm31424111791611
减速机底板（水平）/μm1341122223
磨煤机下外壳（垂直）/μm3736953175314837
磨煤机上外壳（垂直）/μm7332864590366155
分离器（垂直）/μm983881509879116100
分离器（水平）/μm7032723251538864
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929524887790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

磨煤机振动测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
3F-13E-13D-13B-14B-14C-14E-14F-1
机组负荷/MW435.0403.7403.2403.0404.2404.2401.5402.6
锅炉主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)1 152.01 159.01 161.01 157.01 189.61 175.01 182.41 192.6
给煤机出力/(t·h–1)51.6055.3054.5049.6044.4059.6054.8048.70
磨煤机风量（表盘）/(t·h–1)131.40130.00125.10131.90128.60136.90139.10134.40
分离器转速/(r·min–1)600.0581.5637.5587.035.1 HZ①656.8644.0644.9
加载油压/MPa5.584.035.914.523.464.524.884.85
磨煤机电流/A43.0050.1056.8043.4042.1050.1053.9052.60
磨煤机本体支撑（水平）/μm137923232
磨煤机本体支撑（垂直）/μm819211519182321
减速机底板（垂直）/μm31424111791611
减速机底板（水平）/μm1341122223
磨煤机下外壳（垂直）/μm3736953175314837
磨煤机上外壳（垂直）/μm7332864590366155
分离器（垂直）/μm983881509879116100
分离器（水平）/μm7032723251538864
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929608773870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Vibration test data of ZGM113G medium speed coal pulverizers in a power plant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况1工况2工况3工况4工况5工况6工况7工况8工况9
磨煤机本体支撑①（水平）584862605651425635
磨煤机本体支撑②（水平）617083435456466546
磨煤机本体支撑③（水平）636286666976776956
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929688465649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

某电厂ZGM113G型中速磨煤机振动测试数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况1工况2工况3工况4工况5工况6工况7工况8工况9
磨煤机本体支撑①（水平）584862605651425635
磨煤机本体支撑②（水平）617083435456466546
磨煤机本体支撑③（水平）636286666976776956
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929852043508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Vibration test data of ZGM113K-Ⅱ medium speed coal pulverizers in a power plant

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况1工况2工况3
磨煤机本体支撑①（水平）15~2121~2713~29
磨煤机本体支撑②（水平）13~1713~2014~22
), ArticleFig(id=1240938929940123896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

某电厂ZGM113K-Ⅱ型中速磨煤机振动测试数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况1工况2工况3
磨煤机本体支撑①（水平）15~2121~2713~29
磨煤机本体支撑②（水平）13~1713~2014~22
), ArticleFig(id=1240938930028204285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Vibration test results of phase I coal pulverizers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
1A-11C-12A-12D-1
磨煤机本体支撑（水平）3353
磨煤机本体支撑（垂直）41152316
减速机底板（垂直）3332
减速机底板（水平）12393
磨煤机下外壳（垂直）1584510937
分离器（垂直）205101167111
分离器（水平）85515244
), ArticleFig(id=1240938930116284670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

一期磨煤机振动测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
1A-11C-12A-12D-1
磨煤机本体支撑（水平）3353
磨煤机本体支撑（垂直）41152316
减速机底板（垂直）3332
减速机底板（水平）12393
磨煤机下外壳（垂直）1584510937
分离器（垂直）205101167111
分离器（水平）85515244
), ArticleFig(id=1240938930187587840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Coal pulverizer 4B separator speed characteristic test pulverized coal fineness test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
4B-114B-124B-104B-13
机组负荷/MW402.1417.6730.8786.0
锅炉主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)1 195.701 257.302 188.802 324.30
给煤机出力/(t·h–1)49.8052.7084.4085.00
磨煤机风量（表盘）/(t·h–1)125.90131.80145.40157.10
分离器转速/Hz23.428.324.820.9
加载油压/MPa5.365.158.118.19
磨煤机电流/A46.7047.2054.2046.90
煤粉细度R200/%0.960.240.844.04
煤粉细度R90/%16.8411.8813.3621.68
均匀性指数1.201.301.080.93
), ArticleFig(id=1240938930271473923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543593798095872, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

磨煤机4B分离器转速特性试验煤粉细度测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目工况
4B-114B-124B-104B-13
机组负荷/MW402.1417.6730.8786.0
锅炉主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)1 195.701 257.302 188.802 324.30
给煤机出力/(t·h–1)49.8052.7084.4085.00
磨煤机风量（表盘）/(t·h–1)125.90131.80145.40157.10
分离器转速/Hz23.428.324.820.9
加载油压/MPa5.365.158.118.19
磨煤机电流/A46.7047.2054.2046.90
煤粉细度R200/%0.960.240.844.04
煤粉细度R90/%16.8411.8813.3621.68
均匀性指数1.201.301.080.93
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中速磨煤机振动影响因素的研究
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张海龙 1 , 李雯 2 , 张锋 3, 4 , 卢仕航 5 , 雷航 5 , 王志超 3, 4
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2023,52(12): 190-197
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热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2023, 52(12): 190-197
中速磨煤机振动影响因素的研究
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张海龙1 , 李雯2, 张锋3, 4, 卢仕航5, 雷航5, 王志超3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.国能宁夏鸳鸯湖发电有限公司，宁夏　银川　750410
  • 2.中国国检测试控股集团西安有限公司，陕西　西安　710061
  • 3.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
  • 4.陕西省燃煤电站锅炉环保工程技术研究中心，陕西　西安　710054
  • 5.西安益通热工技术服务有限责任公司，陕西　西安　710032

    • 张海龙（1983），男，工程师，主要研究方向为锅炉设备运行检修，。

Research on influence factors of vibration of medium speed coalpulverizers
Hailong ZHANG1 , Wen LI2, Feng ZHANG3, 4, Shihang LU5, Hang LEI5, Zhichao WANG3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Guoneng Ningxia Yuanyang Lake Power Generation Co., Ltd.,Yinchuan 750410, China
  • 2.China Testing & Certification International Group Xi’an Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 4.Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Coal Fired Boiler Environmental Protection, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 5.Xi’an Yitong Thermal Technology Service Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710032, China
出版时间: 2023-12-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304070
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摘要
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某电厂ZGM133G-I型中速磨煤机长期振动引起送粉管道焊缝疲劳断裂，产生煤粉泄漏，污染环境，严重影响机组运行。通过对中速磨煤机机械振动分析和现场试验，研究了加载力、分离器转速、磨煤机出力等运行参数对磨煤机振动的影响，研究结果认为中速磨煤机振动主要有机械设备本身和运行参数设置2个方面的原因。磨煤机型号和分离器型式不是引起磨煤机振动的主要原因，但机械结构的磨损、破坏会引起磨煤机振动；运行参数中加载力的大小对中速磨煤机振动影响最大。为减小中速磨煤机振动，应根据试验结果综合考虑磨煤机出力及煤粉细度等要求，合理控制加载力、分离器转速和出力的大小。

磨煤机振动  /  振动测试  /  磨煤机加载力

The long-term vibration of ZGM133G-I type medium speed coal pulverizers in a power plant causes weld fatigue fracture of the powder delivery pipeline, which results in coal powder leakage, polluting the environment and seriously affecting the operation of the unit. Based on the mechanical vibration analysis and field test of medium-speed coal pulverizers, this paper studies the influence of operating parameters such as loading force, speed of separator and output of coal pulverizers on the vibration of coal pulverizers. The results show that, the vibration of medium-speed coal pulverizers is mainly caused by the mechanical equipment itself and the setting of operating parameters. The size and separator type of coal pulverizers are not the inevitable factors that cause the vibration of coal pulverizers, but the wear and damage of mechanical structure will cause the vibration of coal pulverizers. In order to reduce the vibration of medium-speed coal pulverizers, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the output of coal pulverizers and the fineness of coal powder according to the test results, and reasonably control the loading force, separator speed and output.

vibration of coal pulverizers  /  vibration measurement  /  coal pulverizers loading force
张海龙, 李雯, 张锋, 卢仕航, 雷航, 王志超. 中速磨煤机振动影响因素的研究. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (12) : 190 -197 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304070
Hailong ZHANG, Wen LI, Feng ZHANG, Shihang LU, Hang LEI, Zhichao WANG. Research on influence factors of vibration of medium speed coalpulverizers[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (12) : 190 -197 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304070
正文
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ZGM型辊式中速磨煤机主要由采用相对布置在相距120°的3个磨辊与具有圆弧凹槽的磨盘组成的研磨部件以及上部的静态或动态煤粉分离器2部分组成[1-2]。
磨煤机振动主要由电动机、减速机、传动支架、磨辊与磨盘、磨辊压架（加载拉杆、液压缸）等部件相互作用产生[3]。磨煤机各部件相互作用力的传递必须平稳、可靠才能保证磨煤机稳定运行[4-5]。
中速磨煤机的输出转速仅有25.5 r/min，属于低速重载设备，振动一般不会超标。磨煤机振动指的是外筒体和底座的振动，判断振动也是以磨煤机底座振动值为衡量标准[6-7]。
引起磨煤机振动的原因主要有[8-9]机械设备本身及运行参数设置2个方面。目前国内外对中速磨煤机振动原因的探究基本都从煤质、易磨件（磨辊与磨盘）、磨间隙等输入物质和设备本身物理方面入手，对于由于设备本身机械缺陷造成的磨煤机振动，一般是通过检查修复解决，而运行参数对磨煤机振动影响的研究目前还没有见到相关报道。对此，本文旨在中速磨煤机大修排查机械方面影响因素基础后，着重通过控制变量法调整重要运行参数（加载力、分离器转速、出力），辅以实时测量的手段，来重点研究中速磨煤机不同运行工况下对磨煤机本体振动的影响。
1　设备本身对中速磨煤机振动影响的分析
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1.1　磨辊晃动
磨辊是磨煤机主要的研磨部件。正常情况下，磨辊在磨盘上保持15°倾角运行，但由于运行过程中的磨损，限位卡块磨损严重，使得加载装置无法固定磨辊，磨辊偏离轨道产生振动。图1为某厂磨煤机检修中发现限位卡块磨损、断裂情况。
1.2　磨辊芯不转或转动不灵活
设备本身及运行工况的影响，会造成磨辊工作环境恶劣，影响磨辊内轴承的转动[10]，使磨辊卡涩、转动不灵活，导致磨辊由滚动变为滑动，增加磨辊与磨盘的局部摩擦力，造成磨煤机振动。
1.3　后期磨辊磨损严重
磨辊经过长时间运行后磨损严重，磨损的工作面呈履带状，这种形状使磨辊与衬瓦间的研磨面积减小，研磨煤粉的能力下降[11]。当磨煤机增大出力时，常出现满煤并引起振动。另外，增加磨辊的不圆度和磨环的不平度也会引起振动。
1.4　杂物进入
杂物主要包括石块、铁块及磨煤机的零部件等。在磨煤机运行时，由于原煤的带入或零部件损坏脱落，进入磨煤机的研磨部位，使其与磨辊撞击，产生强烈振动，这种振动既影响磨煤机的正常运行，又会增加磨煤电耗，降低磨煤出力[12]。
2　中速磨煤机振动测试
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2.1　试验工况及测点
某电厂2×1 000 MW机组磨煤机是北京电力设备总厂有限公司生产的ZGM133G-I型中速辊式磨煤机，其主要参数见表1。磨煤机投入至今，送粉管焊缝经常发生断裂，产生煤粉泄漏，污染环境，增加煤粉自燃风险隐患，严重影响机组运行。
对磨煤机运行情况进行振动测试，并在不同加载力、分离器转速、出力工况下研究磨煤机振动情况[13]。振动的测量部位依据振动原因分析与现场实地考察确定，测点布置在磨煤机本体支撑、减速机底板、磨煤机壳体、分离器4大关键部位。采用水平测点与垂直测点一一对应和沿周向120向分布原则，共计布置24个测点。
测试使用VICTOR 63B型测振仪，仪表振动位移范围0~1 000 μm。测试时使用磁吸探头垂直吸附于设备表面，待仪表显示稳定后读取平均值。
振动测点位置如图2所示，测点说明见表2。
2.2　磨煤机振动测试
根据电厂与磨煤机厂家签署的供货技术协议，磨煤机底座振动（双振幅）应小于0.025 mm。对电厂8台磨煤机进行振动测试，振动测试数据见表3。由表3可见，在磨煤机底座水平面上测得的振动值均小于该数值。工况“3F-1”即为3号机组磨煤机F的第1次测试工况，其他类同。测试结果中“水平”为测试面的水平面，即测量设备垂直方向上的振动；“垂直”为测试面的垂直面，即测量设备水平方向上的振动[14-15]，振动结果测点数据为表2所布置3个相同测点的算术平均值。
表4、表5为其他电厂ZGM磨煤机振动测试的数据，测点与本文研究电厂测点布置相同。对比表3、表4和表5中数据可以看出，尽管磨煤机具体型号与该厂不同，但其磨煤机底座振动测量值均大于该电厂，而其他电厂并不存在磨煤机振动较大，造成送粉管道撕裂等影响机组运行的问题。
相对于底部，磨煤机上部尤其是分离器部位振动较大。但是针对该部位的振动目前暂无相关标准或技术规范进行定量判断，因此目前仅能根据经验判断其振动是否属于正常范围。
为更好地对该电厂二期磨煤机振动情况做出定性判断，试验中还对电厂一期磨煤机进行了振动测试。测试前为一期ZGM磨煤机配备了静态分离器，其测试结果见表6。对比表3，一期磨煤机振动情况与二期基本相当，并未因为磨煤机具体型号和分离器型式的不同而造成明显的振动差别。
通过测试结果对比分析可知，该厂二期磨煤机振动值基本处于正常范围，并未出现振动带来的对磨煤机本身的危害。不同型号及不同分离器型式的磨煤机均在分离器部位振动较大，但其振动值基本相当。目前存在的磨煤机振动带来送粉管道的晃动，造成管道焊口撕裂问题的另一主要原因是送粉管道的支吊、固定装置不合理，这也加剧了管道晃动。
3　运行参数对中速磨煤机振动影响的试验研究
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考虑到可能存在ZGM磨煤机与电厂现有莱歇分离器不匹配的问题，电厂将磨煤机4B分离器改造为ZGM磨煤机原厂分离器。另外，根据测试结果磨煤机3D振动相对较大，因此选取了磨煤机3D和4B进行详细试验研究。
3.1　磨煤机加载力对振动影响的研究
ZGM磨煤机作为高加载磨煤机，其加载力大小对磨煤机出力、煤粉细度及磨煤机振动都有较大影响[16]。为详细研究加载力对磨煤机振动及相关运行特性的影响，在磨煤机3D及4B上进行磨煤机加载力特性试验。
磨煤机3D试验中保持磨煤机出力、动态分离器转速和风量等参数基本不变，调整磨煤机加载力为4.0、5.0、6.0 MPa，考察加载力变化对磨煤机振动的影响。
图3为磨煤机3D出力为较低的50 t/h时，加载力变化对振动影响情况的试验结果。从图3的试验结果可以看出，在其他运行参数基本不变的情况下，随着加载力的增加，磨煤机振动整体呈现上升的趋势。尤其是磨煤机上部分离器水平方向上的振幅增加较多，但其最大振幅仍在120 μm左右，振动不大。为减小磨煤机的振动，磨煤机运行时加载力应控制的越小越好，但磨煤机加载力为4.0 MPa的试验中，随着试验时间的增加，磨煤机差压呈持续上升的趋势，表明此时磨煤机加载力已无法满足磨煤机出力的需求，因此实际运行中磨煤机加载力也不能控制地过低。根据试验结果，建议50 t/h出力时将磨煤机加载力控制在5.0 MPa左右较为合理。
为考察不同磨煤机出力条件下，磨煤机振动随加载力变化的情况，在磨煤机3D出力为较高的80 t/h时再次进行变加载力试验，加载力变化对振动影响情况的试验结果如图4所示。从图4的试验结果可以看出，随着磨煤机出力的增加，加载力也相应提高，磨煤机上部分离器的最大振幅也相应增大，尤其是磨煤机上部分离器水平方向上最大振幅增加到了200 μm左右，即磨煤机上部的分离器左右晃动更加明显。从减小磨煤机振动的需求出发，磨煤机运行加载力也应控制的越小越好，但高出力时磨煤机加载力减小过多会使得磨煤机出力无法维持，因此建议磨煤机出力为80 t/h时加载力控制在8.5 MPa。
磨煤机4B低出力时的变加载力试验中，调整磨煤机出力为50 t/h，动态分离器转速和风量等参数基本不变的条件下，调整磨煤机加载力为3.5、4.4、5.6 MPa，考察加载力变化时磨煤机振动的情况，试验结果如图5所示。
从图5的试验结果可以看出，磨煤机振动随加载力变化的趋势与磨煤机3D的试验结果是一致的，磨煤机上部分离器水平方向上的最大振幅仍在120 μm左右，振动不大，说明尽管磨煤机3D和4B分离器不同，但其振动情况并无明显差别。磨煤机加载力为3.5 MPa时其振动最小，但随着试验时间的增加，出现了石子煤量异常增大的情况，表明此时磨煤机加载力已无法满足磨煤机出力的需要。因此建议出力为50 t/h时将磨煤机4B加载力控制在4.4 MPa左右较为合理。
图6为磨煤机4B出力为80 t/h时加载力变化对振动影响情况的试验结果。由图6可以看出，其结果同样表现出磨煤机振动随加载力提高而增加的特性。当试验加载力为7.5 MPa时，随着试验时间的增加，磨煤机也出现了出力无法维持的状况，因此建议磨煤机4B出力为80 t/h时加载力控制在8.3 MPa。
综合2台磨煤机的加载力特性试验结果，为降低磨煤机振动，应修改原磨煤机40~100 t/h出力段的加载力自动控制曲线，其他出力段保持原控制曲线不变，具体如图7所示。修改后的加载力自动控制曲线在磨煤机中、低负荷段较原曲线加载力减小较多。
3.2　磨煤机分离器转速对振动影响的研究
磨煤机动态分离器转速对磨煤机出力、煤粉细度都有较大影响[17]。从上述试验结果可以看出，磨煤机振动最大位置为分离器部位，尤其是分离器在水平方向上的振动最大。为详细研究分离器转速对磨煤机振动及相关运行特性的影响，在磨煤机3D及4B上进行磨煤机分离器转速特性试验。
试验时磨煤机3D保持磨煤机出力、加载力和通风量等参数不变，调整磨煤机动态分离器转速为605、644、744 r/min。图8为磨煤机3D出力为较低的50 t/h时分离器转速变化对磨煤机振动影响的试验结果。
图9为磨煤机4B出力为50 t/h时分离器转速变化对磨煤机振动影响的试验结果。试验时同样保持磨煤机出力、加载力和通风量等参数不变，调整磨煤机动态分离器转速为30.1 Hz和35.9 Hz。
从图9的试验结果可以看出，磨煤机4B不同分离器转速下磨煤机振动差别不大，尽管改造后其分离器与其他磨煤机不同，但与磨煤机3D相比，其振动最大位置（分离器水平方向）的振动也仅10 μm左右。综合磨煤机3D和4B分离器转速特性试验结果来看，正常运行工况下，分离器转速对磨煤机振动的影响要小于加载力。
而磨煤机分离器转速的调整，不能仅仅只考虑振动情况，也需要考虑煤粉细度的要求[18]。为进一步考察分离器转速对煤粉细度的影响，对磨煤机4B在较低的50 t/h和较高的85 t/h加载力时不同分离器转速下的煤粉细度进行测试，测试结果见表7。
从表7的试验结果可以看出：磨煤机出力为50 t/h时，保持磨煤机加载力、通风量等参数基本不变，改变磨煤机分离器转速为23.4 Hz和28.3 Hz，分离器出口煤粉细度R90分别为16.84%和11.88%；磨煤机出力为85 t/h时，保持磨煤机加载力、通风量等参数基本不变，改变磨煤机分离器转速为24.8 Hz和20.9 Hz，分离器出口煤粉细度R90分别为13.36%和21.28%。
从降低分离器转速，减小磨煤机振动的目的出发，煤粉细度测试特意将分离器转速值设置得比振动测试时低。在实际入磨煤质Vdaf（干燥无灰基挥发份）为38%左右条件下，磨煤机4B在50、85 t/h出力时，分离器转速控制在24 Hz左右是较为合适的。
3.3　磨煤机出力对振动影响的研究
调整磨煤机3D出力为50、80、105 t/h时进行磨煤机出力试验，试验结果如图10所示。从图10中磨煤机振动随磨煤机出力的变化可以看出，随着磨煤机出力提高，磨煤机振动逐步增大，磨煤机出力为105 t/h时，磨煤机底板振动均值为0.05 mm。这主要是因为随着出力的提升，磨煤机加载力也相应大幅提高。磨煤机出力为105 t/h时，尽管分离器转速仅370 r/min，但其振动仍然高于其他2个出力工况，再次证明相对于加载力而言，分离器转速对磨煤机振动的影响相对较小[19]。
4　结论
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中速磨煤机振动的原因较为复杂，涉及设计、制造、安装、检修、运行等各方面。本文重点从检修和运行2个方面对某电厂ZGM133G-I型中速磨煤机振动问题进行研究，为解决该类问题提供思路，得到以下主要结论。
1）该中速磨煤机振动主要有机械设备本身和运行参数设置2个方面的原因。对设备本身而言，磨煤机的型号和分离器型式不是引起磨煤机振动的主要原因，但机械结构的磨损、破坏会引起磨煤机振动。
2）该厂二期磨煤机振动值基本处于正常范围。各磨煤机均在分离器部位振动较大，且其振动值基本相当。造成管道焊口撕裂问题的原因一方面是磨煤机振动带来送粉管道的晃动，另一方面是送粉管道的支吊、固定装置不合理，加剧了管道晃动。
3）加载力、分离器转速、出力等运行参数均影响磨煤机振动情况。为减小磨煤机振动，磨煤机运行加载力应控制的越小越好，但磨煤机加载力过小将无法满足磨煤机出力的需要。从减小磨煤机振动的角度出发，磨煤机分离器转速和出力并不是控制的越小越好。因为过低的分离器转速和出力都将使得磨盘上煤层变薄，加剧磨煤机振动。因此实际运行中为减小中速磨煤机振动，应根据试验结果综合考虑磨煤机出力及煤粉细度等要求，合理控制加载力、分离器转速和出力的大小。
4）加载力对中速磨煤机振动的影响要大于分离器转速和出力的影响，因此当出现磨煤机振动严重时，应首先降低磨煤机加载力。
基金
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  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022GY-156)
文献
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2023年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202304070
  • 接收时间：2023-04-19
  • 首发时间：2026-01-26
  • 出版时间：2023-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-04-19
基金
Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2022GY-156)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022GY-156)
作者信息
    1.国能宁夏鸳鸯湖发电有限公司，宁夏　银川　750410
    2.中国国检测试控股集团西安有限公司，陕西　西安　710061
    3.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
    4.陕西省燃煤电站锅炉环保工程技术研究中心，陕西　西安　710054
    5.西安益通热工技术服务有限责任公司，陕西　西安　710032
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