Article(id=1222543591155687767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202305089, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684339200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769406705893, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1703433600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769406705893, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769406705893, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769406705893, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222543587536003358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='197', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769406705029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773814454114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241031027209064788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241031027209064789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=173, endPage=179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222543591512203632, articleId=1222543591155687767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on the effect of sieve plate parameters on the efficiency and energy consumption of desulfurization tower, columnId=1211002409397129992, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Power generation technology forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The effects of tray parameters on desulfurization efficiency and energy consumption of desulfurization towers are investigated. Through the large-scale hot test platform, the effects of different pore diameters, opening ratio, opening form, weir plate height and different installation positions on desulphurization efficiency and energy consumption are studied. In this paper, the energy consumption efficiency ratio is proposed for the first time as an index to evaluate the operation economy of desulfurization tower. It is found that, under the conditions of experimental platform, when the liquid-gas ratio is not more than 13.6 L/m3, it is economically advantageous to choose sieve plate with medium aperture, high weir board, small opening rate, low-level arrangement, and new aperture design. When the liquid-gas ratio is large than 13.6 L/m3, it is economically advantageous to choose sieve plate with medium aperture, high weir board, large opening rate, high-level arrangement, and new aperture design. The conclusion is of guiding significance for the design and selection of sieve plates for desulfurization and desulfurization towers.

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针对托盘参数对脱硫塔脱硫效率及能耗的影响展开研究,通过搭建的大型热态试验平台,研究托盘不同孔径、开孔率、开孔形式、堰板高度及不同的安装位置对脱硫效率和能耗的影响,首次提出能耗效率比作为评价脱硫塔运行经济性的指标。结果表明:在液气比较小(不大于13.6 L/m3)时,选择中等孔径、较高堰板、较小开孔率、低位布置、新形开孔的托盘脱硫塔运行经济性较好;在液气比较大(大于13.6 L/m3)时,选择中等孔径、较高堰板、较大开孔率、高位布置、新形开孔的托盘脱硫塔运行经济性较好。该结论对脱硫塔托盘设计选型具有指导意义。

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刘逍(1971),男,硕士,高级经济师,主要研究方向为环保化学,

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刘逍(1971),男,硕士,高级经济师,主要研究方向为环保化学,

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刘逍(1971),男,硕士,高级经济师,主要研究方向为环保化学,

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Jaurnal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (China), 2005(4): 580-584., articleTitle=Note on mechanism of gas-liquid interfacial masstransfer of absorption processes, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1240938931387158817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, awardId=HNKJ22-HF44, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Proiect of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ22-HF44), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1240938931504599331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, awardId=HNKJ22-HF44, language=CN, fundingSource=中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-HF44), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1240938925045370909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240938925049565213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, companyId=1240938925045370909, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100031, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240938925057953824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, companyId=1240938925045370909, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.中国华能集团有限公司,北京 100031)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240938925179588644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240938925187977253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, companyId=1240938925179588644, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240938925192171558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, companyId=1240938925179588644, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1240938925271863339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240938925276057643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, companyId=1240938925271863339, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Huaneng Jingtai Thermal Power Co., Ltd., Baiyin 730400, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1240938925284446251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, companyId=1240938925271863339, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华能景泰热电有限公司,甘肃 白银 730400)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1240938928644083916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=The large scale thermal test platform for wet flue gas desulfurization, figureFileSmall=Yzb+8NLknEYqKQOkI0OjnQ==, figureFileBig=tyMI7Fw47iVtDovZLe6mhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938928711192784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=CN, label=图1, caption=湿法脱硫大型热态综合试验平台, figureFileSmall=Yzb+8NLknEYqKQOkI0OjnQ==, figureFileBig=tyMI7Fw47iVtDovZLe6mhg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938928904130774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Process diagram of the test platform, figureFileSmall=ZGNSnzqHgp6ctgFM1BewBw==, figureFileBig=Gccn9Q78QAVO8DIzSsh2fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938928975433944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=CN, label=图2, caption=试验台工艺系统

1—脉冲悬浮泵;2—pH计;3—密度计;4—氧化风机;5—工艺水补水口;6—石灰石浆液供浆口;7—脱硫塔;8—喷淋层及脱硫喷嘴;9—托盘;10—除雾器及冲洗水;11—净烟气出口;12—原烟气进口;13—浆液循环泵;14—石膏浆液排出口。

, figureFileSmall=ZGNSnzqHgp6ctgFM1BewBw==, figureFileBig=Gccn9Q78QAVO8DIzSsh2fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929055125721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The relationship between and among energy consumption efficiency ratio, desulfurization efficiency and liquid-gas ratio, figureFileSmall=n24mrs2piKXsYhcibSCXPA==, figureFileBig=FyYD6vSR7uHjSSCvwIg2FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929130623196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同孔径下能耗效率比、脱硫效率与液气比关系, figureFileSmall=n24mrs2piKXsYhcibSCXPA==, figureFileBig=FyYD6vSR7uHjSSCvwIg2FA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929269035233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The relationship between desulfurization efficiency and sieve plate aperture, figureFileSmall=8hn9jrkSPgCkj69V+AhS7g==, figureFileBig=OBVPNsnU2Ytud0coK4QGDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929369698533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=CN, label=图4, caption=脱硫效率与托盘孔径关系, figureFileSmall=8hn9jrkSPgCkj69V+AhS7g==, figureFileBig=OBVPNsnU2Ytud0coK4QGDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929441001706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The relationship between energy efficiency ratio and sieve plate aperture, figureFileSmall=mOOhKSDEfeh71NvjyGoksg==, figureFileBig=8LaeC2/VLoxvt7CczfV3pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929524887788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=CN, label=图5, caption=能耗效率比与托盘孔径关系, figureFileSmall=mOOhKSDEfeh71NvjyGoksg==, figureFileBig=8LaeC2/VLoxvt7CczfV3pQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929608773872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The relationship between and among energy efficiency ratio, desulfurization efficiency, and liquid-gas ratio, figureFileSmall=Lz1MpOWVU3nGSl0ARmfFSg==, figureFileBig=4UG5iVLHuWoWZOjPG9PQog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929751380210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同开孔率下能耗效率比、脱硫效率与液气比的关系, figureFileSmall=Lz1MpOWVU3nGSl0ARmfFSg==, figureFileBig=4UG5iVLHuWoWZOjPG9PQog==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938929860432118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=The relationship between desulfurization efficiency and sieve plate opening rate, figureFileSmall=k20bdnsLUD5fHPbuPWXTMg==, figureFileBig=u7FJE1QaUyw0ao40qCF3lg==, 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The relationship between desulfurization efficiency and different sieve plate installation positions

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液气比/(L·m–3)脱硫效率/%
托盘低位托盘高位
18.599.697.0
16.098.695.9
14.197.895.6
13.694.588.6
11.891.687.5
10.888.687.0
9.081.976.7
7.976.372.9
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脱硫效率与不同托盘安装位置的关系

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液气比/(L·m–3)脱硫效率/%
托盘低位托盘高位
18.599.697.0
16.098.695.9
14.197.895.6
13.694.588.6
11.891.687.5
10.888.687.0
9.081.976.7
7.976.372.9
), ArticleFig(id=1240938931135500573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591155687767, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The relationship between energy efficiency ratio and sieve plate installation position

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液气比/(L·m–3)能耗效率比/(J·m–3)
托盘低位托盘高位
18.5132.8124.7
16.0122.2116.5
14.1115.3111.8
13.698.299.3
11.893.496.1
10.895.794.8
9.075.577.5
7.978.479.3
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能耗效率比与托盘安装位置的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
液气比/(L·m–3)能耗效率比/(J·m–3)
托盘低位托盘高位
18.5132.8124.7
16.0122.2116.5
14.1115.3111.8
13.698.299.3
11.893.496.1
10.895.794.8
9.075.577.5
7.978.479.3
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托盘参数对脱硫塔效率及能耗影响研究
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刘逍 1 , 王韶晖 2 , 宦宣州 2 , 李兴华 2 , 房孝维 2 , 陶明 2 , 杨万荣 1 , 刘海兵 3
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2023,52(12): 173-179
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热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2023, 52(12): 173-179
托盘参数对脱硫塔效率及能耗影响研究
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刘逍1 , 王韶晖2, 宦宣州2, 李兴华2, 房孝维2, 陶明2, 杨万荣1, 刘海兵3
作者信息
  • 1.中国华能集团有限公司,北京 100031
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 3.华能景泰热电有限公司,甘肃 白银 730400
  • 刘逍(1971),男,硕士,高级经济师,主要研究方向为环保化学,

Research on the effect of sieve plate parameters on the efficiency and energy consumption of desulfurization tower
Xiao LIU1 , Shaohui WANG2, Xuanzhou HUAN2, Xinghua LI2, Xiaowei FANG2, Ming TAO2, Wanrong YANG1, Haibing LIU3
Affiliations
  • 1.China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100031, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.Huaneng Jingtai Thermal Power Co., Ltd., Baiyin 730400, China
出版时间: 2023-12-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305089
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针对托盘参数对脱硫塔脱硫效率及能耗的影响展开研究,通过搭建的大型热态试验平台,研究托盘不同孔径、开孔率、开孔形式、堰板高度及不同的安装位置对脱硫效率和能耗的影响,首次提出能耗效率比作为评价脱硫塔运行经济性的指标。结果表明:在液气比较小(不大于13.6 L/m3)时,选择中等孔径、较高堰板、较小开孔率、低位布置、新形开孔的托盘脱硫塔运行经济性较好;在液气比较大(大于13.6 L/m3)时,选择中等孔径、较高堰板、较大开孔率、高位布置、新形开孔的托盘脱硫塔运行经济性较好。该结论对脱硫塔托盘设计选型具有指导意义。

脱硫塔  /  托盘参数  /  脱硫效率  /  能耗

The effects of tray parameters on desulfurization efficiency and energy consumption of desulfurization towers are investigated. Through the large-scale hot test platform, the effects of different pore diameters, opening ratio, opening form, weir plate height and different installation positions on desulphurization efficiency and energy consumption are studied. In this paper, the energy consumption efficiency ratio is proposed for the first time as an index to evaluate the operation economy of desulfurization tower. It is found that, under the conditions of experimental platform, when the liquid-gas ratio is not more than 13.6 L/m3, it is economically advantageous to choose sieve plate with medium aperture, high weir board, small opening rate, low-level arrangement, and new aperture design. When the liquid-gas ratio is large than 13.6 L/m3, it is economically advantageous to choose sieve plate with medium aperture, high weir board, large opening rate, high-level arrangement, and new aperture design. The conclusion is of guiding significance for the design and selection of sieve plates for desulfurization and desulfurization towers.

desulfurization tower  /  sieve plate parameters  /  desulfurization efficiency  /  energy consumption
刘逍, 王韶晖, 宦宣州, 李兴华, 房孝维, 陶明, 杨万荣, 刘海兵. 托盘参数对脱硫塔效率及能耗影响研究. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (12) : 173 -179 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305089
Xiao LIU, Shaohui WANG, Xuanzhou HUAN, Xinghua LI, Xiaowei FANG, Ming TAO, Wanrong YANG, Haibing LIU. Research on the effect of sieve plate parameters on the efficiency and energy consumption of desulfurization tower[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (12) : 173 -179 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305089
国内燃煤机组逐步完成了超低排放改造,脱硫系统通过增加二级塔、喷淋层、塔内件等方式[1-4],提高了脱硫效率。实现超低排放改造后的脱硫系统普遍存在电耗高和烟气阻力大等问题[5-8],如何保证在满足排放要求的情况下,实现脱硫系统经济、稳定运行,成为下一个亟待解决的问题。
为了提高脱硫效率,工程上在塔内设置托盘增加气液传质面积。利用托盘上一定的持液高度可以在烟气穿过托盘时强化气液两相接触,大大提高传质效果,获得很高的脱硫效率和协同除尘效果。托盘通常为带有圆孔的合金薄板,合金薄板上用堰板分隔成若干小区域。烟气和浆液在托盘上持液层中发生强烈掺混,浆液吸收SO2效果较好[9-13]
此前,针对托盘的研究[14-20]基本都在实验室条件下进行,没有在大工业装置中以真实烟气条件及石灰石浆液进行脱硫效率试验。在单一因素(烟气流量、浆液循环量等)的小型冷态试验中研究托盘参数的影响时,没有结合工业实际,未考虑能耗、效率等多因素耦合作用的影响。本研究以液气比为主要变量,实现对托盘参数综合性能的影响研究,着重突出对脱硫塔能耗的影响。
传统脱硫塔结构形式为空塔脱硫塔,托盘脱硫塔是在此基础上发展起来的[21-22]。其主要特征是以喷淋为主,塔内安装托盘结构,以增强原有空塔脱硫塔的传热传质效率。与空塔脱硫塔不同的是,托盘脱硫塔内一般包括多层喷淋层和1—2层托盘,其传质效果依靠喷淋层和托盘的共同作用。
影响托盘性能的参数包括孔径、开孔率、堰板高度以及安装位置。托盘各参数对脱硫塔脱硫效果的影响规律尚不完善,改变托盘常规圆孔开孔方式,能否提高脱硫塔经济运行效果还需试验验证。基于此,本文展开托盘参数对脱硫塔效率及能耗影响研究。
华能集团依托某电厂建设了湿法脱硫大型热态综合试验验证平台,如图1所示。该试验验证平台配置有一套湿法烟气脱硫塔系统。试验所用热烟气取自电厂发电机组除尘器后热烟道,烟气经处理后回至电厂脱硫塔前。试验系统所用工艺水、石灰石浆液、压缩空气、均取自依托电厂发电机组系统。本试验尽可能模拟工业环境下烟气脱硫过程。
试验脱硫塔系统由浆液池、模块化塔体、喷淋层、脱硫喷嘴、托盘、除雾器及冲洗系统、浆液循环泵、增压风机、脉冲悬浮泵、密度计、pH计、烟气在线监测系统等组成。脱硫塔浆液池直径3.20 m,吸收区塔体直径1.50 m,脱硫塔总高22.67 m。脱硫塔塔体由不同塔节通过定制法兰连接而成,塔节主要分为喷淋层塔节、托盘塔节、除雾器塔节等。塔节为碳钢材质,内壁做玻璃鳞片防腐,每个塔节上留有压力测孔,部分塔节四周设置透明人孔。模块化设计的脱硫塔塔体便于不同塔内件的组合搭配及更换,方便试验操作。试验脱硫塔可最多配置6层喷淋层和2层托盘,托盘间隔布置在喷淋层之间,试验脱硫塔工艺系统如图2所示。脱硫塔进出口烟道上安装烟气在线监测仪表,连续检测烟气温度、压力、流量、SO2质量浓度、颗粒物质量浓度等信号。
本试验测试的托盘参数包括孔径、开孔率、堰板高度、安装位置及开孔形式。试验选用脱硫工程常用的托盘选型参数进行对比试验研究,具体参数如下:孔径为25、35、45 mm的3种托盘;开孔率为25%、35%、45%的3种托盘;堰板高度为0、80、170 mm的3种托盘;安装位置为高、低位2种布置方式,高位托盘布置在脱硫塔中间两层喷淋层之间,低位托盘布置在最下层喷淋层下方;开孔方式为常规圆孔和2种新型开孔形式。
本文着重分析托盘结构参数对脱硫系统效率及能耗的影响,提出了脱硫系统能耗评价指标脱硫塔单位能耗N,用以表征脱硫塔处理单位体积烟气的能耗。脱硫塔能耗主要包括:1)处理单位体积烟气所需要的浆液侧设备能耗,含浆液循环泵、氧化风机、搅拌器等设备能耗;2)单位体积烟气通过脱硫系统克服阻力所需要的能耗,可表征为脱硫塔烟气进出口静压差。N计算式为:
N=WAQ+P
式中:N脱硫塔单位能耗,J/m3W为浆液侧用电设备总功,J;Q为单位时间浆液喷淋总体积,L;A为液气比,脱硫塔内洗涤单位体积饱和烟气的浆液体积,L/m3P为单位体积烟气通过脱硫系统克服阻力所需要的能耗,Pa(单位换算1 Pa=1 N/m2= 1 (N·m)/(m2·m)=J/m3)。
定义N与脱硫效率η之比为能耗效率比M。该指标反应了脱硫塔运行经济性,M越低说明该工况经济性越好。
M=Nη
试验选用开孔率为45%、无堰板、单层布置,开孔孔径分别为25、35、45 mm 3种托盘进行试验。试验期间脱硫塔入口SO2质量浓度为4 077.82~4 775.32 mg/m3(标态、干基、φ(O2)=6%),脱硫塔出口烟气量为1.48×104~2.12×104 m3/h(标态、湿基、实际氧),原烟气温度为117.71~125.16 ℃,净烟气温度为49.68~52.55 ℃,塔内烟气流速为2.95~3.84 m/s;塔内浆液pH值为5.27~5.35,浆液密度为1 126.63~1 134.77 kg/m3,液气比为9.90~26.94 L/m3(标态,下同)。试验通过启动不同浆液循环泵数量控制浆液喷淋量,通过调整增压风机频率控制烟气量,这两项结合以调节试验脱硫塔液气比。具体实施方式为:试验时先启动2台浆液循环泵运行,逐次增加到3台、4台浆液循环泵,在相同浆液喷淋量下,调节3种烟气量测试,每种托盘共进行9种工况的试验。液气比为非线性调节,在启动新增浆液循环泵时液气比出现较大幅度变化。试验结果如图3图5所示。
图3可知,从整体趋势而言,随着液气比增加,试验脱硫塔脱硫效率逐渐提高,能耗效率比也逐渐增大。液气比在21.2 L/m3以上时,脱硫效率增加幅度趋缓,能耗效率比增加幅度趋陡。提高液气比增加了烟气与浆液的接触面积,有利于浆液吸收SO2,提升了脱硫效率。随着脱硫效率增大接近100%,提高单位脱硫效率所需消耗的能量激增,能耗效率比也大幅提高。
图4图5可以看出,相同液气比条件下,托盘孔径对脱硫塔能耗效率比和脱硫效率影响不显著,采用开孔孔径为35 mm的托盘比其他2种托盘的脱硫塔脱硫效率稍高,能耗效率比稍小。
有研究表明[23],化工行业托盘孔径由13 mm增大到25 mm时,传质点效率有所下降。孔径越大,则越易形成喷射状态,使塔板上稳定鼓泡区的范围变得狭小。本研究脱硫塔内烟气流速整体较低,没有在托盘孔上出现喷射状态,35 mm孔径时脱硫效率较高,而烟气阻力变化不大,该托盘能耗效率比最低。上述试验结果表明,在不同液气比条件下,使用孔径为35 mm的托盘,脱硫系统运行经济性最佳。
试验选用托盘孔径为35 mm、无堰板、低位布置开孔率分别为25%、35%、45%的托盘进行对比试验。试验期间脱硫塔入口SO2质量浓度为4 114.64~4 877.70 mg/m3(标态、干基、φ(O2)=6%),脱硫塔出口烟气量为1.29×104~2.06×104 m3/h(标态、湿基、实际氧),原烟气温度为117.71~129.25 ℃,净烟气温度为47.77~52.77 ℃,塔内烟气流速为2.81~3.50 m/s;塔内浆液pH值为5.24~5.32,浆液密度为1 129.64~1 143.17 kg/m3,液气比为10.75~29.12 L/m3。所获试验结果如图6图8所示。
图6可知:随着液气比增加,试验脱硫塔的脱硫效率逐渐提高;在液气比不大于13.6 L/m3时,能耗效率比随液气比的增加而减小,在液气比大于13.6 L/m3后,能耗效率比随液气比的增加逐渐增大。这是由于在3组低液气比工况下,脱硫效率较脱硫塔能耗增加幅度大,随着液气比增大,脱硫效率增涨趋缓,能耗效率比先减小后增加。
图7可知:托盘开孔率对脱硫效率影响显著,随着托盘开孔率增大,脱硫效率逐渐降低;安装开孔率为25%托盘的脱硫塔脱硫效率最高,且在液气比小于21.3 L/m3条件下,安装开孔率为25%托盘的脱硫效率领先幅度较大。这是由于随着开孔率的增大,烟气穿过托盘同等烟气量的烟气流速降低,系统阻力减少,托盘上漏液速度加快,托盘上方持液时间缩短,气液接触时间缩短,影响了脱硫效率。
图8可知,在液气比不大于13.6 L/m3条件下,能耗效率比随开孔率的增加,先增加后减少,采用开孔率25%托盘的脱硫塔能耗效率比最低。在液气比大于17.1 L/m3的条件下,能耗效率比随开孔率增加逐渐降低,采用开孔率为45%的托盘脱硫塔运行经济性最佳。
上述试验结果表明,托盘开孔率对脱硫效率和能耗效率比影响较为显著。各种液气比条件下,采用25%开孔率托盘的脱硫塔脱硫效率最高;在液气比不大于13.6 L/m3时,采用25%开孔率托盘的脱硫塔运行经济性较好,在液气比大于13.6 L/m3时,采用45%开孔率托盘的脱硫塔运行经济性最佳。
试验选用托盘开孔率为45%,孔径为35 mm,低位布置堰板高度分别为0、80、170 mm的托盘进行对比试验。试验期间脱硫塔入口SO2质量浓度为4 078.79~4 853.91 mg/m3(标态、干基、φ(O2)=6%),脱硫塔出口烟气量为1.53×104~2.15×104 m3/h(标态、湿基、实际氧),原烟气温度为118.68~125.16 ℃,净烟气温度为50.36~53.23 ℃,塔内烟气流速为3.00~3.88 m/s,塔内浆液pH值为5.21~5.34,浆液密度为1 119.97~1 137.21 kg/m3,液气比为9.83~26.57 L/m3。试验结果如图9图11所示。
图9可知,装配不同堰板高度的脱硫塔,随着液气比增加,脱硫效率逐渐提高,能耗效率比先稍微降低后逐渐增大。
图10图11可知,脱硫效率和能耗效率比随堰板高度变化并不显著。在相同液气比条件下,随着堰板高度增加脱硫效率小幅增大,能耗效率比小幅降低。故在相同液气比条件下,采用堰板高度为170 mm托盘的脱硫塔,脱硫效率较高,且能耗效率比较低,其运行经济性较好。
上述试验结果表明,托盘堰板高度对脱硫效率和能耗效率比影响不大,采用堰板高度为170 mm托盘的脱硫塔运行经济性较好。
试验选用托盘开孔率为35%,孔径为45 mm,无堰板,分别高、低位布置的托盘进行对比试验。试验期间脱硫塔入口SO2质量浓度为4 162.99~4 948.11 mg/m3(标态、干基、φ(O2)=6%),脱硫塔出口烟气量为1.40×104~2.01×104 m3/h(标态、湿基、实际氧),原烟气温度为118.27~129.25 ℃,净烟气温度为50.34~52.77 ℃,塔内烟气流速为2.89~3.71 m/s,塔内浆液pH值为5.25~5.40,浆液密度为1 116.62~1 133.13 kg/m3,液气比为6.97~18.52 L/m3。试验结果见表1表2。从表1表2可以看出,采用低位布置托盘脱硫塔的脱硫效率明显高于高位布置的脱硫塔。这是由于,低位布置托盘持液量大,持液时间长,吸收反应充分。在液气比不大于13.6 L/m3的条件下,托盘低位布置能耗效率比较小,运行较为经济。在液气比大于13.6 L/m3的条件下,托盘高位布置的脱硫塔能耗效率比较小,运行较为经济。这是由于在高液气比条件下,采用低位布置托盘的脱硫系统阻力增加较快,而脱硫效率增加幅度趋缓,导致低位布置托盘的脱硫塔运行经济性变差。
根据气泡破碎理论[24-25],专项研发了区别于托盘常规圆孔的2种新型托盘开孔形式。一种是将常规圆孔的光滑圆周改为锯齿形,如图12b)所示,称为孔型1;另一种则在锯齿形孔周围组合回字形结构,将开孔单元构成雪花状,如图12c)所示,称为孔型2。
试验选用开孔率为35%、无堰板、低位布置的圆孔、孔形1、孔型2共3种开孔形式的托盘和无托盘进行对比试验。试验期脱硫塔入口SO2质量浓度为2 720.15~3 019.52 mg/m3(标态、干基、φ(O2)=6%),脱硫塔出口烟气量为1.85×104~1.90×104 m3/h(标态、湿基、实际氧),原烟气温度为116.17~118.23 ℃,净烟气温度为51.65~52.83 ℃,塔内烟气流速为3.56~3.66 m/s,塔内浆液pH值为5.81~5.82,浆液密度为1 123.33~1 132.19 kg/m3,液气比为16.5~16.8 L/m3。试验结果如图13所示。由图13可知,在相似工况下,无托盘脱硫塔的脱硫效率及能耗效率比小于所有含托盘的脱硫塔。采用孔型1与孔型2托盘的脱硫塔脱硫效率接近,均高于圆孔托盘,且能耗效率比低。这说明采用新型孔型托盘的脱硫塔运行经济性更佳。孔型1、孔型2的托盘可利用孔的不规则边缘强化气泡的湍流碰撞[26],改善气液两相穿过托盘孔时局部汇集状况,强化气液混合提高脱硫效率,并有利于气泡破碎分散,增大烟气与浆液的接触面积,提高浆液利用率。
本文通过搭建的大型热态试验平台,研究不同托盘参数对脱硫效率和能耗的影响。研究发现,各托盘参数影响规律有较大差异。
1)托盘各项参数中,开孔率对脱硫塔脱硫效率及能耗效率比影响最为显著。脱硫塔脱硫效率随着托盘开孔率增加而降低;在高液气比条件下,提高托盘开孔率有利于提高脱硫塔运行经济性。
2)托盘各参数对比试验中,选用中等孔径、较高堰板、新型开孔方式的托盘,其脱硫塔脱硫效率较高,能耗效率比较低,脱硫塔运行经济性较好。
3)采用低位布置托盘脱硫塔的脱硫效率始终高于高位布置;随着液气比增加,采用高位布置托盘的脱硫塔运行经济性逐渐优于低位布置。
4)本文首次提出能耗效率比作为评价脱硫塔运行经济性的指标,并在大型热态试验平台上对不同托盘配置和运行工况下脱硫塔运行经济性进行了对比分析,发现了具有工程应用借鉴意义的规律。
  • 中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-HF44)
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2023年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305089
  • 接收时间:2023-05-18
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2023-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-18
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Science and Technology Proiect of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ22-HF44)
中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-HF44)
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    1.中国华能集团有限公司,北京 100031
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    3.华能景泰热电有限公司,甘肃 白银 730400
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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