Article(id=1222543591004692817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202305068, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683216000000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769406705857, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1703433600000, pubDateStr=2023-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769406705857, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769406705857, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769406705857, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222543587536003358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='197', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769406705029, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773814454114, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241031027209064788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241031027209064789, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222543587536003358, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=90, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222543591793222017, articleId=1222543591004692817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking based on IPSO-IP&O hybrid algorithm, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Under partial shading conditions (PSC), the P-U characteristics of a solar photovoltaic array may exhibit multi-peak phenomena. Conventional algorithms tend to fall into local maximum power point (LMPP), while maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods based on meta heuristic algorithms are difficult to balance speed and accuracy. In this regard, this paper designs a hybrid algorithm based on the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) with embedded the improved perturbation and observation (IP&O). The velocity and position of the particle are first updated by the IPSO algorithm. Then, perform MPPT based on the position of particles using the IP&O algorithm. The tracked power is used as the fitness value of the particles, so that IPSO can find the global maximum power point (GMPP) among many LMPPs. Finally, with the global optimal output of IPSO as the initial position, IP&O is used again for global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT). Comparing the proposed algorithm with IP&O, IPSO, and IPSO-P&O through simulation, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs excellently in tracking speed and accuracy, especially in the case of a wide voltage search range, and has smaller power oscillations during the tracking process.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhiheng QIN, Lei REN, Ling QIN, Jingfeng MAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1222543593282199960, articleId=1222543591004692817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于IPSO-IP&O混合算法的光伏最大功率点跟踪, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

在局部遮阴条件下,光伏阵列的P-U特性曲线会出现多峰现象。传统的方法易陷入局部最大功率点(LMPP),而基于元启发式算法的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法难以兼顾快速性和准确性。对此,设计了一种基于改进粒子群(IPSO)算法内嵌变步长扰动观察法(IP&O)的IPSO-IP&O混合算法。首先,采用IPSO对粒子的速度和位置进行更新;然后,通过IP&O对粒子进行最大功率点跟踪,并将跟踪得到的功率作为粒子的适应度值,以便于IPSO在诸多局部最大功率点中找到全局最大功率点;最后,以IPSO输出的全局最优为初始位置,再次利用IP&O进行全局最大功率点跟踪。将所提算法与IP&O、IPSO、改进粒子群算法结合扰动观察(IPSO-P&O)算法进行仿真对比,仿真结果表明:所提算法在跟踪速度和精度上表现优异,尤其是在宽电压搜索范围的情况下;并且在跟踪过程中的功率振荡更小。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
任磊(1991),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源发电技术、电力电子电路健康监测技术,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=opJbbyEtC5yglxrNxAyzKQ==, magXml=4raIJ45S0yPDUZ4CZww4jg==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=BUua3F9cIxY7EwH4WFDYmg==, pdfFileSize=1733472, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=TTbZmeErqYdJGcZGzv4N0w==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=qhX+G9P9yOytup3iXDLCFA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

秦智恒(1996),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新能源发电技术,

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ArticleFig(id=1240938924932133015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591004692817, language=CN, label=图10, caption=所提算法在PSC3下不同NP的跟踪轨迹, figureFileSmall=HKg3weI2JRk1rvNFcHUaSw==, figureFileBig=I4Fxf9idIlBCG1Owsk0tkw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1240938925032796317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591004692817, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Performance of different algorithms in STC (25 ℃)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计量IP&OIPSOIPSO-P&OIPSO-IP&O
理想值/W398.71
平均跟踪值/W398.70361.45398.58398.70
平均误差/%0.0039.3450.0330.003
平均跟踪时间/s0.0500.4100.2200.063
), ArticleFig(id=1240938925175402660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591004692817, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同算法在STC(25 ℃)下的性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计量IP&OIPSOIPSO-P&OIPSO-IP&O
理想值/W398.71
平均跟踪值/W398.70361.45398.58398.70
平均误差/%0.0039.3450.0330.003
平均跟踪时间/s0.0500.4100.2200.063
), ArticleFig(id=1240938925263483048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591004692817, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Performance of different algorithms in PSC3 (25 ℃)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计量IP&OIPSOIPSO-P&OIPSO-IP&O
理想值/W197.62
平均跟踪值/W183.92196.70197.40197.61
平均误差/%6.9320.4660.1110.005
平均跟踪时间/s0.0480.2900.2300.165
), ArticleFig(id=1240938925347369133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222543591004692817, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同算法在PSC3 (25 ℃)下的性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
统计量IP&OIPSOIPSO-P&OIPSO-IP&O
理想值/W197.62
平均跟踪值/W183.92196.70197.40197.61
平均误差/%6.9320.4660.1110.005
平均跟踪时间/s0.0480.2900.2300.165
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基于IPSO-IP&O混合算法的光伏最大功率点跟踪
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秦智恒 , 任磊 , 秦岭 , 茅靖峰
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2023,52(12): 90-97
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2023, 52(12): 90-97
基于IPSO-IP&O混合算法的光伏最大功率点跟踪
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秦智恒 , 任磊 , 秦岭, 茅靖峰
作者信息
  • 南通大学电气工程学院,江苏 南通 226019
  • 秦智恒(1996),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为新能源发电技术,

通讯作者:

任磊(1991),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源发电技术、电力电子电路健康监测技术,
Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking based on IPSO-IP&O hybrid algorithm
Zhiheng QIN , Lei REN , Ling QIN, Jingfeng MAO
Affiliations
  • College of Electrical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
出版时间: 2023-12-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305068
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在局部遮阴条件下,光伏阵列的P-U特性曲线会出现多峰现象。传统的方法易陷入局部最大功率点(LMPP),而基于元启发式算法的最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)方法难以兼顾快速性和准确性。对此,设计了一种基于改进粒子群(IPSO)算法内嵌变步长扰动观察法(IP&O)的IPSO-IP&O混合算法。首先,采用IPSO对粒子的速度和位置进行更新;然后,通过IP&O对粒子进行最大功率点跟踪,并将跟踪得到的功率作为粒子的适应度值,以便于IPSO在诸多局部最大功率点中找到全局最大功率点;最后,以IPSO输出的全局最优为初始位置,再次利用IP&O进行全局最大功率点跟踪。将所提算法与IP&O、IPSO、改进粒子群算法结合扰动观察(IPSO-P&O)算法进行仿真对比,仿真结果表明:所提算法在跟踪速度和精度上表现优异,尤其是在宽电压搜索范围的情况下;并且在跟踪过程中的功率振荡更小。

光伏系统  /  最大功率点跟踪  /  局部遮阴  /  改进粒子群算法  /  变步长扰动观察法

Under partial shading conditions (PSC), the P-U characteristics of a solar photovoltaic array may exhibit multi-peak phenomena. Conventional algorithms tend to fall into local maximum power point (LMPP), while maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods based on meta heuristic algorithms are difficult to balance speed and accuracy. In this regard, this paper designs a hybrid algorithm based on the improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) with embedded the improved perturbation and observation (IP&O). The velocity and position of the particle are first updated by the IPSO algorithm. Then, perform MPPT based on the position of particles using the IP&O algorithm. The tracked power is used as the fitness value of the particles, so that IPSO can find the global maximum power point (GMPP) among many LMPPs. Finally, with the global optimal output of IPSO as the initial position, IP&O is used again for global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT). Comparing the proposed algorithm with IP&O, IPSO, and IPSO-P&O through simulation, the simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs excellently in tracking speed and accuracy, especially in the case of a wide voltage search range, and has smaller power oscillations during the tracking process.

photovoltaic systems  /  maximum power point tracking  /  partial shading  /  improved particle swarm optimization algorithm  /  improved perturbation and observation algorithm
秦智恒, 任磊, 秦岭, 茅靖峰. 基于IPSO-IP&O混合算法的光伏最大功率点跟踪. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (12) : 90 -97 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305068
Zhiheng QIN, Lei REN, Ling QIN, Jingfeng MAO. Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking based on IPSO-IP&O hybrid algorithm[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (12) : 90 -97 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305068
太阳辐射强度、温度等因素极易影响光伏系统的功率输出,故通常采用最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking,MPPT)技术,追踪其最大功率点,提高其发电效率[1]。越来越多的光伏系统应用于大型城市的中心,更易被建筑物、树木、云等遮挡。光伏阵列上的太阳能辐射分布受到干扰,P-U曲线表现出多峰值特性。为此,各国学者针对该问题开展了大量研究工作。
目前MPPT算法主要分为传统算法、人工智能算法、元启发式算法3类。传统MPPT算法如扰动观察法(P&O),虽然有着极好的局部寻优能力,但是在局部遮阴条件(partial shading conditions,PSC)下易陷入局部最大功率点(LMPP)[2]。人工智能算法如模糊控制(FLC),虽然有着很好的跟踪性能,但是庞大的计算量对控制芯片要求较高[3]。元启发式算法如粒子群(PSO)算法。因其在处理复杂问题方面的有效性而变得流行[4],但是在局部遮阴条件下难以兼顾跟踪的快速性和准确性。
为弥补上述存在的问题,诸多最大功率点跟踪混合算法被提出,主要分为分步式和选择式2类。文献[5]先利用传统算法找出所有局部最大功率点,进而比较大小确定全局最大功率点。其缺点为需要扫描大部分功率曲线,所以收敛速度很慢。文献[6]将PSO与FLC相结合,待PSO收敛至全局最大功率点(GMPP)附近后利用FLC精准跟踪。因传统PSO易局部收敛,所以此方案鲁棒性较差,复杂情况难以精确跟踪。文献[7]在文献[6]的基础上引入遗传算法,提高跟踪准确率的同时存在复杂性高,计算量大的缺点。文献[8-10]与文献[6]相似,将改进粒子群(IPSO)与变步扰动观察法(IP&O)、P&O结合。文献[8,10]为改进收敛速度,避免局部收敛,引入了自适应惯性权重和学习因子。文献[9]为提升收敛速度,减小电压波动程度,优化了PSO的种群信息和搜索顺序。上述3种算法相较传统PSO提升有限。文献[11-13]将IPSO与电导法结合。其中,文献[11]从力学的角度对PSO进行优化,有效提升跟踪性能,但粒子的搜索区域依旧存在重叠,不利于算法的快速性。文献[12]通过优化迭代策略,有效避免粒子搜索区域的重复,算法收敛速度得到提升,但在某些PSC下依旧陷入局部最优。文献[13]在文献[12]的基础上缩短光照变化后PSO算法的寻优周期,但陷入局部最优的问题依然存在。文献[14-15]与上述分步式算法相反,其先利用传统算法找出一个局部最优解,再通过PSO算法搜索其余范围。这种方法只适用于串联少量光伏阵列的情况,且提升效果不显著。文献[16]为选择式算法,将PSO与P&O结合,并通过比较算法收敛过程中存储的电流和电压信息,判断遮阴情况,选择PSO或P&O。因为过于依赖功率和电压的变化,所以很容易产生误判,导致算法收敛于LMPP。
为解决上述问题,本文将IP&O内嵌于IPSO算法,提出IPSO-P&O算法。先利用IPSO算法对粒子的速度和位置进行更新;再通过IP&O算法对粒子进行最大功率点跟踪,并将跟踪得到的功率作为粒子的适应度值,以便于IPSO在诸多局部最大功率点中找到全局最大功率点;最终,以IPSO输出的全局最优为初始位置,利用IP&O算法进行精确跟踪。在MATLAB/Simulink中将算法与IP&O、IPSO、IPSO-P&O算法进行对比。仿真结果表明,本文所提算法即使在宽电压搜索范围的情况下,也保持较快的跟踪速度以及较高的跟踪精度,并且跟踪过程中的功率波动较小。
光伏组件是利用光伏效应将光能转化为电能的器件。光伏组件单PN结的二极管等效电路模型如图1所示[17]
图1等效电路可得,各电流方程式[18]为:
IPV=IphIdIsh
式中:IPV为光伏组件输出电流,A;Iph为光生电流之和,A;Id为光伏组件内部暗电流,A;Ish为内部旁路电流,A。
Iph=[Isc+Ct(TT0)]SS0
式中:Isc为标准条件下光伏组件短路电流,A;Ct为短路电流温度系数;T为温度,K;T0为标准条件温度,K;S为太阳辐照度,W/m2S0为标准条件太阳辐照度,W/m2
Id=I0{exp[q(UPV+IRs)nkNsT]1}
式中:I0为二极管饱和电流,A;UPV为光伏组件输出电压,V;Rs为等效串联电阻,Ω;q为单个电荷带电量,C;n为二极管理想因素;k为玻尔兹曼常数,J/K;Ns为串联电池数量。
Ish=UPV+IRsRsh
式中:Rsh为等效并联电阻,Ω。
I0=Irs(TT0)3exp[qE0(1T01T)nk]
式中:Irs为标准条件下二极管饱和电流,A;E0为光伏组件能带系数。
Irs=Iscexp(qUocnkTNs)1
式中:Uoc为标准条件下光伏组件开路电压,V。
光伏组件的输出特性主要与光照强度和环境温度有关,其输出特性曲线呈非线性关系。通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建上述光伏组件模型,在标准温度25 ℃的情况下,改变光伏组件光照强度得到光伏组件的P-U特性曲线如图2所示。
实际使用中为满足输出功率的需求,通常将多个单体光伏组件串并联组成光伏阵列。光伏阵列在PSC下P-U特性曲线会出现多峰值现象[6]。以上述光伏组件为个体,通过MATLAB/Simulink搭建4×1的光伏阵列。在标准温度25 ℃的情况下,改变4块单体光伏组件的光照强度可得到光伏阵列在无遮阴的标准测试条件(STC)下以及3种光照不同PSC下的P-U特性曲线如图3所示。
不难发现,当光伏阵列所受光照越不均匀,其P-U特性曲线峰值越多且越明显,最大功率越小,此时最大功率点可能是众多峰值中的任意一个[19]。因此,为保证光伏发电系统的发电效能,MPPT算法应能解决不同情况下的光伏输出多峰问题,使得系统输出始终运行于全局最大功率点。
当粒子群算法应用于MPPT中时,粒子所处的空间为一维,粒子的位置信息为变换器的占空比,粒子的速度信息为占空比的扰动量。粒子群算法寻优的核心是利用局部最优(PB)和全局最优(GB)不断更新粒子的速度和位置信息。
然而,传统的粒子群算法也存在诸如收敛速度慢、易收敛于LMPP、重复扫描等缺陷[20]。为弥补上述存在问题,本文提出一种改进粒子群算法。
为更快更准确地从多峰中找出GMPP,IPSO算法的适应度函数表达式为:
f=Upmpp×Ipmpp
式中:f为粒子群算法适应度函数;Upmpp为粒子附近LMPP处电压;Ipmpp为粒子附近LMPP处的电流。
图3中的PSC3为例,IPSO算法的适应度函数所得到功率曲线不再为多峰曲线,而是转换为分段常数的形式,具体如图4所示。电压搜索区间被划分为4个子区间,分别为R1、R2、R3、R4,不同搜索区间内可以搜索到不同的LMPP。又因粒子群算法存在记忆性,只需要粒子经过每个区间中的任意一点,便能搜索到GMPP,这大大降低搜索难度。
在得到附近LMPP的前提下,若依旧按照标准粒子群算法的更新公式,粒子需要经过多轮迭代才可以进入新的搜索区间。为此,本文提出速度和位置更新表达式:
Vik+1=ωVik+η×c1×rand1k×(XPBikXik)+η×c2×rand2k×(XGBkXik)
Xik+1=Xik+Vik+1
XPBik={Xik,f(XPBik1)f(Xik)XPBik1,f(XPBik1)>f(Xik)
XGBk={XPBik,f(XGBk1)f(XPBik)XGBk1,f(XGBk1)>f(XPBik)
η=4|2+4csum2csum24csum|
csum=c1+c2,csum>2
Xik<XGBk时,粒子的位置为:
Xik={Xik,Xik>XpmppikXpmppik,XikXpmppik
否则,粒子的位置为:
Xik={Xik,Xik<XpmppikXpmppik,XikXpmppik
式中:k为迭代次数;i为粒子的序号;V为粒子的速度;X为粒子的位置;ω为惯性权重;c1c2分别为自身学习因子和社会学习因子;rand为[0,1]之间的随机数;η为收缩系数;csum为综合学习因子;Xpmpp为粒子附近LMPP处的位置。
式(14)和式(15)通过选择合适的起点,跳过已知区域更快地接近全局最优。如图4中,a点为GB,粒子从b点跟踪到附近LMPP的d点,那么粒子以d点为初始位置进行更新。若粒子从c点开始,同样跟踪到d点,粒子的初始位置则为c点。此外,为合理控制粒子的速度,本文引入收缩系数削弱学习因子设置过大造成的影响。其原理为通过增大收缩系数的分母,使得收缩系数的收敛速度变快,可以将过大的学习因子控制在合理范围内,降低粒子群算法参数设置的难度。
为了避免算法重复扫描,可将粒子数NP设置为2,初始位置为搜索区间两端。但是当搜索范围为宽电压时,只能通过增大NP以提高准确性[21]。针对这一点,本文提出一种休眠规则,并引入变量DTDA用以记录粒子顶端休眠和吞并休眠的状态。顶端休眠是指全局最优粒子只更新速度和位置信息,不参加扫描过程。若粒子i为GB,则DT,i=1(休眠),反之,DT,i=0。吞并休眠是指所有相邻适应度值的粒子中,只保留最靠近GB的粒子,其余粒子不参加扫描。其判断方法如下:
|fikfi+θk|<0.05fik
式中:若Xik<XGBkθ=1;若XikXGBkθ=-1。
若粒子i满足式(16),则DA,i=1(休眠)。一旦有NP-1个粒子满足式(16),所有粒子将全部进入休眠,算法满足终止条件,输出XGBk
扰动观察法的核心是在系统中加入一个小扰动,观察由扰动引起的变化,即“主动扰动、自动寻优”[22]
固定的扰动量难以兼顾跟踪速度和精度,为弥补这一缺陷,本文提出一种变步长扰动观察法,其扰动量为:
ΔD=(11eAΔP)δstep
式中:ΔD为占空比的扰动量;A为步长变化阈值;ΔP为功率的变化量;δstep为基准步长。
算法初期通过较大的扰动量更快地接近最大功率点。待算法跟踪到最大功率点后,功率变化量减小,扰动量变小,跟踪精度提高。
本文以IPSO为主算法,IP&O为辅助算法,将IP&O内嵌于IPSO算法。在IPSO算法中2处调用IP&O算法:1)通过IP&O获得粒子位置附近LMPP的信息;2)在IPSO满足终止条件后,通过IP&O获得更为准确的GMPP,保证算法的准确性。
基于IPSO-IP&O算法的控制流程如图5所示。其中,占空比扫描范围为[0.1, 0.9][23],为避免算法陷入局部最优,需对粒子速度进行限制,粒子最大速度表达式为:
Vmax=XHXLNPV
式中:Vmax为粒子最大速度;XH、XL分别为粒子位置上限和下限;NPV为光伏阵列中光伏组件的数量。
粒子扫描顺序为升序与降序交替[24]。当IPSO算法中粒子位置跨度较大时,输入功率及输出电压振荡剧烈。而IPSO内嵌IP&O算法不但可以简化搜寻过程,有效减少振荡次数,而且使系统在扫描过程中工作于LMPP(功率大于区间内其他工作点)。升序与降序交替的扫描顺序,有效减小振荡幅度。因此,此方案功率损耗小,电压振荡幅度小,毛刺数量少。
由文献[6]可知,PSC下m×1的光伏阵列输出特性曲线由多段组成,每段分别为不同有效光伏组件工作时的输出特性曲线。1×mm×m的光伏阵列亦是如此,它们有着相似的输出特性曲线。因此,在验证本文MPPT算法有效性时,仅采用由4×1光伏阵列和Boost电路组成光伏系统进行仿真。光伏阵列在不同光照条件下的输出特性曲线如1.2节中图3所示。该光伏系统的仿真模型如图6所示,光伏组件短路电流Isc=3.6 A,短路电压Uoc=37.5 V,最大功率点电流Im=3.3 A,最大功率点电压Um=30.0 V。
在此模型中,将本文算法与IPSO、IP&O、文献[10]的IPSO-P&O算法进行对比。
均匀光照条件下,光伏阵列采用图3中STC的光照参数,全局最大功率为398.71 W。PSO算法中NP=2时,仿真结果如图7所示。
PSC下,光伏阵列采用图3中PSC3光照参数,全局最大功率为197.62 W,LMPP如图4所示。PSO算法中NP=2时,仿真结果如图8所示。由图7图8可知:IP&O算法在均匀光照条件下收敛速度快,收敛精度高,但在PSC下只能跟踪到局部最大功率点;IPSO算法在2种条件下因重复扫描收敛时间较长,收敛精度也不及IPSO-P&O和本文算法;IPSO-P&O算法较IPSO算法有所提升,但依旧收敛时间较长;本文算法在2种条件下,都能经过较少迭代,快速、准确地跟踪到GMPP。均匀光照和局部遮阴条件下算法的具体性能详见表1表2
光伏阵列采用图3中PSC3的光照参数。PSO算法中NP=4、8、16时,仿真结果如图9所示。
图9可见:IPSO算法收敛时间与NP约为线性关系;IPSO-P&O算法只在NP较小时存在优势,NP较大相仿;本文算法在不同NP下都能较快收敛并且跟踪精度较高。
本文算法在NP为2、4、8、16时粒子的移动轨迹如图10所示。结合图8d)图10a),以NP=2为例进行分析。本文算法中X1在0.025 s通过IP&O跟踪到初始位置附近的局部最大功率为182.5 W;X2在0.057 s跟踪到初始位置附近的局部最大功率为91.34 W;X1为GB,DT,1=1,DT,2=0,X1X2更新至0.288和0.522。X2在0.087 s跟踪到局部最大功率为162.2 W;X1仍为GB,DT,1=1,DT,2=0,X1X2更新至0.288和0.368。X2在0.117 s跟踪到局部最大功率为196.3 W;X2为GB,DT,1=0,DT,2=1,X1X2更新至0.488和0.482。X1在0.147 s跟踪到局部最大功率为197.57 W;X1为GB,DT,1=1,DT,2=0,DA,2=1,此时算法满足终止条件,输出XGB4=0.504。最终利用IP&O以XGB4为初始位置跟踪GMPP。
由上述仿真结果可知,IPSO和IPSO-P&O在不同情况下各有利弊,而本文算法在每种情况下都能保持较好的跟踪性能。在均匀光照条件下,NP=2时,跟踪速度相较以往算法提升71.36%;在PSC下,NP=2时,跟踪速度相较以往算法提升28.26%;NP=4时,提升10.7%;NP=8时,提升37.91%;NP=16时,提升56.66%。在跟踪过程中,本文算法的功率振荡也明显小于其余2种算法。
本文针对PSO算法寻优性能的不足,对PSC下光伏系统多峰输出特性进行分析,提出了基于IPSO-P&O的混合算法。仿真结果表明:
1)本文算法在均匀光照和PSC下都能较快跟踪到GMPP,并且跟踪精度较高。
2)本文算法相较于以往算法(IPSO、IPSO-P&O),增加NP依旧可以实现快速寻优。
3)本文算法寻优过程中跟踪各个LMPP,不仅准确性高,而且功率损耗小,电压振荡小,毛刺数量少。
  • 江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究项目(22KJB470025)
  • 南通市社会民生科技计划面上项目(MS12021015)
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2023年第52卷第12期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305068
  • 接收时间:2023-05-05
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2023-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-05
基金
Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB470025)
江苏省高等学校基础科学(自然科学)研究项目(22KJB470025)
Nantong Social Livelihood Science and Technology Plan General Project(MS12021015)
南通市社会民生科技计划面上项目(MS12021015)
作者信息
    南通大学电气工程学院,江苏 南通 226019

通讯作者:

任磊(1991),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为新能源发电技术、电力电子电路健康监测技术,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Genus
种数
Number of
species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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