Article(id=1222513215100146436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222513210519970621, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202301003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1673020800000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769399463677, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1700841600000, pubDateStr=2023-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769399463677, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769399463676, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769399463676, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222513210519970621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769399462585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769405983425, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1222540560984957089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222513210519970621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1222540560984957090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222513210519970621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222513216350049067, articleId=1222513215100146436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Analysis of long-term energy storage technologies and typical case studies, columnId=1213164439017276071, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on new energy power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the transformation of the power system to low-carbon, the proportion of new energy installed capacity is increasing year by year, renewable energy power generation has the characteristics of intermittent, the main power generation period and peak power consumption period are misaligned, there is an imbalance between supply and demand, and the demand for flexibility in power balance is intensified, and long-term energy storage power stations have become a magic weapon to solve the problem. According to the development of long-term energy storage technology, the technical characteristics, advantages and current bottlenecks of pumped storage, compressed air, lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, molten salt heat storage, and hydrogen energy are analyzed, and the typical application projects of the above energy storage technologies are analyzed. Then, the typical scenario applications of energy storage are analyzed from different sides of the power supply side, the power grid side and the user side, and the application comparison of seven energy storage technologies in multiple scenarios such as energy transfer, auxiliary services, black start, and smooth new energy output is expounded. The technical parameters, battery selection, system wiring, energy management and other issues of chemical energy storage demonstration project, heat storage demonstration project and mechanical energy storage demonstration project were summarized and analyzed, and finally the future energy storage power station technology was prospected.

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随着电力系统向低碳化转型,新能源装机容量占比逐年增长。可再生能源发电具有间歇性的特点,主要发电时段和高峰用电时段错位,存在供需不平衡,电力电量平衡对灵活性的要求加剧。长时储能电站成为破解问题的有效有段。针对长时储能技术发展概况,首先分析抽水蓄能、压缩空气、锂离子电池、液流电池、熔盐储热、氢储能的技术特性、优势及目前瓶颈,统计以上储能技术的典型应用工程;然后从电源侧、电网侧和用户侧分析了储能的典型场景应用,阐述了多种储能技术在能量转移、辅助服务、黑启动、平滑新能源出力等多场景下的应用对比;总结分析了化学储能示范工程、储热示范工程、机械储能示范工程的技术参数、系统接线、能量管理等问题;最后对未来储能电站技术进行了展望。

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邸文峰(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为大规模储能技术,
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李建林(1976),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为大规模储能技术,

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caption=液流电池特性, figureFileSmall=QAr7Jfe8oran+/272kLMrw==, figureFileBig=QmmjDuHfQwTE0A0RG9NDnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137061600743432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Thecharacteristics of hydrogen energy storage technology, figureFileSmall=Cx+MOBfTsjLnmFK4Au6HTw==, figureFileBig=rfsQVJX4PQQ8r2aaBB/i/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137061705601037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图3, caption=氢储能技术特性, figureFileSmall=Cx+MOBfTsjLnmFK4Au6HTw==, figureFileBig=rfsQVJX4PQQ8r2aaBB/i/w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137061793681425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Thecharacteristics of molten salt heat storage technology, figureFileSmall=AUu05KDl8Qmw98wjs9eT/Q==, figureFileBig=+ek3cew/5T0KyDFDNF8k/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137061894344728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图4, caption=熔盐储热技术特性, figureFileSmall=AUu05KDl8Qmw98wjs9eT/Q==, figureFileBig=+ek3cew/5T0KyDFDNF8k/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137062066311195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=The characteristics of compressed air energy storage technology, figureFileSmall=oEw5IO3oU1FULncLVYCuTg==, figureFileBig=bXP+1N0PrZ7cQcXOaDduaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137062166974496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图5, caption=压缩空气储能技术特性, figureFileSmall=oEw5IO3oU1FULncLVYCuTg==, figureFileBig=bXP+1N0PrZ7cQcXOaDduaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137063668535336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The characteristics of pumped energy storage technology, figureFileSmall=B8ZenIX0UA2Pz3pi7F1pAQ==, figureFileBig=51Q01uYcQsEvFFq8NcqgDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137063790170158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图6, caption=抽水储能技术特性, figureFileSmall=B8ZenIX0UA2Pz3pi7F1pAQ==, figureFileBig=51Q01uYcQsEvFFq8NcqgDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137063899222069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=System wiring diagram, figureFileSmall=pK8J+63tiwOulPHyN62GwA==, figureFileBig=H0h9h8FM4vUSOw/E+LXXMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137063995691069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图7, caption=系统接线示意, figureFileSmall=pK8J+63tiwOulPHyN62GwA==, figureFileBig=H0h9h8FM4vUSOw/E+LXXMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064108937281, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Aerial photograph of Qingyun energy storage power station, a new energy source for the Three Gorges Project, figureFileSmall=beNy6MBxKxsIQAHbc5OO4g==, figureFileBig=mBg5APJU4OaRRiQ4xcNbCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064197017667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图8, caption=三峡新能源庆云储能电站航拍图, figureFileSmall=beNy6MBxKxsIQAHbc5OO4g==, figureFileBig=mBg5APJU4OaRRiQ4xcNbCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064314458183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=BMS schematic diagram of energy storage system, figureFileSmall=OWACJv2UY+Tzzd0i9wty5g==, figureFileBig=Yxn1AZHmwYSInDGdNCZTsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064452870224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图9, caption=储能系统BMS架构, figureFileSmall=OWACJv2UY+Tzzd0i9wty5g==, figureFileBig=Yxn1AZHmwYSInDGdNCZTsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064549339222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Aerial view of Dunhuang 100 MW molten salt tower photoelectric power station, figureFileSmall=3tz/Xf9y5eyIP/asjOHApA==, figureFileBig=tX1MvGLg7fozCqMtIzkH8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064645808217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图10, caption=敦煌100 MW熔盐塔式光热电站鸟瞰图, figureFileSmall=3tz/Xf9y5eyIP/asjOHApA==, figureFileBig=tX1MvGLg7fozCqMtIzkH8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064742277215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Aerial view of 60 MW/300 MW·h salt cave compressed air storage power generation national demonstration project, figureFileSmall=SAjEpKX2rLTOv+cw1tX7mw==, figureFileBig=qdHsGqTuVjp2iwb3CJVgqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064842940517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=图11, caption=60 MW/300 MW·h盐穴压缩空气储能发电国家示范项目鸟瞰图, figureFileSmall=SAjEpKX2rLTOv+cw1tX7mw==, figureFileBig=qdHsGqTuVjp2iwb3CJVgqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137064943603816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

2021 Shandong energy storage power station demonstration project (lithium ion battery)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称项目地点应用场景储存方式储能容量建设单位
华能济南黄台发电有限公司100 MW/200 MW·h储能电站项目济南市历城区调峰磷酸铁锂100 MW/200 MW·h华能济南黄台发电有限公司
三峡新能源庆云储能电站示范项目(一期)德州市庆云县调峰磷酸铁锂100 MW/200 MW·h三峡新能源山东分公司
山东华电滕州100 MW/200 MW·h电化学储能项目枣庄市滕州市调峰磷酸铁锂、液流(1 MW/2 MW·h)101 MW/202 MW·h华电国际电力股份有限公司
国家电投海阳100 MW/200 MW·h储能电站烟台市海阳市调峰磷酸铁锂、液流(1 MW/2 MW·h)101 MW/202 MW·h国家电投集团山东能源发展有限公司
莱芜孟家100 MW/200 MW·h储能电站济南市莱芜区调峰磷酸铁锂100 MW/200 MW·h国网山东综能公司
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065035878508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2021年山东储能电站示范项目(锂离子电池)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目名称项目地点应用场景储存方式储能容量建设单位
华能济南黄台发电有限公司100 MW/200 MW·h储能电站项目济南市历城区调峰磷酸铁锂100 MW/200 MW·h华能济南黄台发电有限公司
三峡新能源庆云储能电站示范项目(一期)德州市庆云县调峰磷酸铁锂100 MW/200 MW·h三峡新能源山东分公司
山东华电滕州100 MW/200 MW·h电化学储能项目枣庄市滕州市调峰磷酸铁锂、液流(1 MW/2 MW·h)101 MW/202 MW·h华电国际电力股份有限公司
国家电投海阳100 MW/200 MW·h储能电站烟台市海阳市调峰磷酸铁锂、液流(1 MW/2 MW·h)101 MW/202 MW·h国家电投集团山东能源发展有限公司
莱芜孟家100 MW/200 MW·h储能电站济南市莱芜区调峰磷酸铁锂100 MW/200 MW·h国网山东综能公司
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065102987377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Construction status of all vanadium liquid flow projects in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目规模地点
国电龙源卧牛石全钒液流电池储能电站5 MW/10 MW·h辽宁省法库县
河北石家庄赵县全钒液流电池储能电站项目600 MW/800 MW·h河北省石家庄市
上海电气全钒液流电池储能项目200 MW/1 000 MW·h安徽省巢湖经开区
北京普能世纪湖北襄阳全钒液流电池集成电站100 MW/500 MW·h湖北省襄阳市
宁夏伟力得200 MW/800 MW·h电网侧共享储能电站项目200 MW/800 MW·h宁夏省中宁县
宁夏伟力得GW级全钒液流储能装备智能生产基地1 000 MW宁夏省中宁县
上海电气盐城立铠储能电站项目300 MW·h江苏省盐城市
大连液流电池储能调峰电站国家示范项目(一期)100 MW/400 MW·h辽宁省大连市
大连液流电池储能调峰电站国家示范项目(二期)200 MW/800 MW·h辽宁省大连市
国家电投湖北全钒液流电池储能电站项目100 MW/500 MW·h湖北省襄阳市
大唐中宁共享储能项目100 MW/400 MW·h宁夏省中宁县
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065195262069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

国内全钒液流项目建设情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目规模地点
国电龙源卧牛石全钒液流电池储能电站5 MW/10 MW·h辽宁省法库县
河北石家庄赵县全钒液流电池储能电站项目600 MW/800 MW·h河北省石家庄市
上海电气全钒液流电池储能项目200 MW/1 000 MW·h安徽省巢湖经开区
北京普能世纪湖北襄阳全钒液流电池集成电站100 MW/500 MW·h湖北省襄阳市
宁夏伟力得200 MW/800 MW·h电网侧共享储能电站项目200 MW/800 MW·h宁夏省中宁县
宁夏伟力得GW级全钒液流储能装备智能生产基地1 000 MW宁夏省中宁县
上海电气盐城立铠储能电站项目300 MW·h江苏省盐城市
大连液流电池储能调峰电站国家示范项目(一期)100 MW/400 MW·h辽宁省大连市
大连液流电池储能调峰电站国家示范项目(二期)200 MW/800 MW·h辽宁省大连市
国家电投湖北全钒液流电池储能电站项目100 MW/500 MW·h湖北省襄阳市
大唐中宁共享储能项目100 MW/400 MW·h宁夏省中宁县
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065304313980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Domestic hydrogen energy comprehensive utilization demonstration project

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目地点
国网安徽兆瓦级氢能综合利用示范站安徽省六安市
宁波慈溪氢电耦合直流微网示范工程浙江省宁波市
大陈岛百千瓦级氢能综合利用示范工程浙江省大陈岛
国家级太阳能电解水制氢综合示范项目宁夏省
崇礼区风电制氢项目河北省张家口市崇礼区
格力公司杭州亚运低碳氢电耦合应用示范项目浙江杭州市
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065379811459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

国内氢能综合利用示范工程

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目地点
国网安徽兆瓦级氢能综合利用示范站安徽省六安市
宁波慈溪氢电耦合直流微网示范工程浙江省宁波市
大陈岛百千瓦级氢能综合利用示范工程浙江省大陈岛
国家级太阳能电解水制氢综合示范项目宁夏省
崇礼区风电制氢项目河北省张家口市崇礼区
格力公司杭州亚运低碳氢电耦合应用示范项目浙江杭州市
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065476280456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Demonstration projects of molten salt thermal storage power stations at home and abroad

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目装机容量地点
美国10 MW塔式光热发电站Solar One10 MW美国
西班牙Gemasolar电站19.9 MW/298 MW·h西班牙安达鲁西亚地区
绿电熔盐储能20 MW/240 MW·h中国浙江省绍兴市柯桥区
中控德令哈50 MW塔式熔融盐太阳能热发电站50 MW/350 MW·h中国青海省海西州德令哈市
中电哈密50 MW塔式光热电站50 MW/650 MW·h中国新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊吾县
华能济宁华源热电50 MW熔盐项目50 MW/100 MW·h中国山东省济宁市
中电建共和50 MW塔式光热电站50 MW/300 MW·h中国青海省海南州共和县
杭州医药港零碳电厂熔盐储能示范项目64 MW/350 MW·h中国浙江省杭州市钱塘区
浙江安吉天子湖热电有限公司熔盐储能零碳综合供能示范项目80 MW/420 MW·h中国浙江省湖州市安吉县
首航高科敦煌100 MW熔盐塔式光热电站100 MW/2 400 MW·h中国甘肃省敦煌市
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065547583633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

国内外熔盐储热电站示范项目

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目装机容量地点
美国10 MW塔式光热发电站Solar One10 MW美国
西班牙Gemasolar电站19.9 MW/298 MW·h西班牙安达鲁西亚地区
绿电熔盐储能20 MW/240 MW·h中国浙江省绍兴市柯桥区
中控德令哈50 MW塔式熔融盐太阳能热发电站50 MW/350 MW·h中国青海省海西州德令哈市
中电哈密50 MW塔式光热电站50 MW/650 MW·h中国新疆维吾尔自治区哈密市伊吾县
华能济宁华源热电50 MW熔盐项目50 MW/100 MW·h中国山东省济宁市
中电建共和50 MW塔式光热电站50 MW/300 MW·h中国青海省海南州共和县
杭州医药港零碳电厂熔盐储能示范项目64 MW/350 MW·h中国浙江省杭州市钱塘区
浙江安吉天子湖热电有限公司熔盐储能零碳综合供能示范项目80 MW/420 MW·h中国浙江省湖州市安吉县
首航高科敦煌100 MW熔盐塔式光热电站100 MW/2 400 MW·h中国甘肃省敦煌市
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065656635542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Compare compressed air storage power stations at home and abroad

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
补燃/非补燃项目性质投运时间功率/(MW·h)储气装置储气容积/m3燃料效率/%
补燃式德国Huntorf电站商业运营1978年290废弃矿洞3.1×105天然气44~46
美国Alabama McIntosh电站商业运营1991年110地下洞穴5.6×105天然气52~54
日本上砂川町电站示范机组2001年2废弃矿洞1.6×103天然气<40
非补燃式英国液态空气储能电站示范机组2010年2储罐40
美国SustainX压缩空气储能系统示范机组2013年9月1.5储罐
中国张家口先进压缩空气储能电站示范机组2013年6月1.5储罐3052.1
中国张家口先进压缩空气储能电站示范机组2016年12月10储罐6 00060.2
中国张家口压缩空气储能示范项目示范机组2021年12月100储罐70.4
中国江苏金坛盐穴压缩空气储能电站示范机组2022年6月300废弃盐穴1×10760
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065753104538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

国内外压缩空气储能电站对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
补燃/非补燃项目性质投运时间功率/(MW·h)储气装置储气容积/m3燃料效率/%
补燃式德国Huntorf电站商业运营1978年290废弃矿洞3.1×105天然气44~46
美国Alabama McIntosh电站商业运营1991年110地下洞穴5.6×105天然气52~54
日本上砂川町电站示范机组2001年2废弃矿洞1.6×103天然气<40
非补燃式英国液态空气储能电站示范机组2010年2储罐40
美国SustainX压缩空气储能系统示范机组2013年9月1.5储罐
中国张家口先进压缩空气储能电站示范机组2013年6月1.5储罐3052.1
中国张家口先进压缩空气储能电站示范机组2016年12月10储罐6 00060.2
中国张家口压缩空气储能示范项目示范机组2021年12月100储罐70.4
中国江苏金坛盐穴压缩空气储能电站示范机组2022年6月300废弃盐穴1×10760
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065832796319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Long-term energy storage technology route comparison

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方式适用条件响应时间循环寿命转换效率/%储能介质单位成本/(元·(W·h)–1)
抽水蓄能长时储能分钟级50年761.20~1.60
压缩空气长时储能分钟级30年50~70空气1.20~1.60
熔盐储能长时储能20~30年70熔融盐3.00
锂离子电池最好在1~4 h,长时亦可百毫秒级8 000次(当前最高)88锂离子电池1.80
钠离子电池最好在1~4 h,长时亦可百毫秒级3 500次(当前最高)80钠离子电池2.00
全钒液流电池长时储能百毫秒级20 000次70~80钒电解液3.00
铁铬液流电池长时储能百毫秒级20 000次70~80铁铬电解液2.50
氢储能长时储能秒级10~15年55~753.75
), ArticleFig(id=1241137065950236835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

长时储能技术路线对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方式适用条件响应时间循环寿命转换效率/%储能介质单位成本/(元·(W·h)–1)
抽水蓄能长时储能分钟级50年761.20~1.60
压缩空气长时储能分钟级30年50~70空气1.20~1.60
熔盐储能长时储能20~30年70熔融盐3.00
锂离子电池最好在1~4 h,长时亦可百毫秒级8 000次(当前最高)88锂离子电池1.80
钠离子电池最好在1~4 h,长时亦可百毫秒级3 500次(当前最高)80钠离子电池2.00
全钒液流电池长时储能百毫秒级20 000次70~80钒电解液3.00
铁铬液流电池长时储能百毫秒级20 000次70~80铁铬电解液2.50
氢储能长时储能秒级10~15年55~753.75
), ArticleFig(id=1241137066071871656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Multi-scenario applications for multiple energy storage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用描述压缩空气抽水蓄能飞轮铅酸钠硫锂离子液流
能量时移解决可再生能源发电的间歇问题,促进清洁能源并网;降低火电调峰成本
跟踪预测曲线,平滑新能源出力跟踪计划出力,避免功率预测曲线偏差考核;秒级和分钟级的充放电,平滑间歇性的新能源发电出力
辅助服务配合火电或直接参与辅助服务市场和电力现货市场,
获取调峰调频收益
黑启动保持满电状态,当黑启动需要时放电
输配电基础设施延缓输配电扩容升级,延缓电网建设性投资
可移动式备用电源用可移动储能设备为终端用户提供补充电力,缓解超负荷情况下的电力紧张
用户侧分时电价管理电价低时储能,电价高时释能;通过“削峰填谷”降低用户侧用电成本
不间断电源(UPS)终端用户用于提高电能质量和/或提供备用电源
微电源储能系统作为微电网、孤岛系统缓冲环节
), ArticleFig(id=1241137066189312172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513215100146436, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

多种储能的多场景应用

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
应用描述压缩空气抽水蓄能飞轮铅酸钠硫锂离子液流
能量时移解决可再生能源发电的间歇问题,促进清洁能源并网;降低火电调峰成本
跟踪预测曲线,平滑新能源出力跟踪计划出力,避免功率预测曲线偏差考核;秒级和分钟级的充放电,平滑间歇性的新能源发电出力
辅助服务配合火电或直接参与辅助服务市场和电力现货市场,
获取调峰调频收益
黑启动保持满电状态,当黑启动需要时放电
输配电基础设施延缓输配电扩容升级,延缓电网建设性投资
可移动式备用电源用可移动储能设备为终端用户提供补充电力,缓解超负荷情况下的电力紧张
用户侧分时电价管理电价低时储能,电价高时释能;通过“削峰填谷”降低用户侧用电成本
不间断电源(UPS)终端用户用于提高电能质量和/或提供备用电源
微电源储能系统作为微电网、孤岛系统缓冲环节
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长时储能技术及典型案例分析
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李建林 1 , 邸文峰 1 , 李雅欣 1 , 刘海涛 2 , 杨夯 3
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2023,52(11): 85-94
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热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2023, 52(11): 85-94
长时储能技术及典型案例分析
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李建林1 , 邸文峰1 , 李雅欣1, 刘海涛2, 杨夯3
作者信息
  • 1.北京未来电化学储能系统集成技术创新中心(北方工业大学),北京 100144
  • 2.南京工程学院智能电网产业技术研究院,江苏 南京 211167
  • 3.国网山东省电力公司经济技术研究院,山东 济南 250000
  • 李建林(1976),男,博士,教授,主要研究方向为大规模储能技术,

通讯作者:

邸文峰(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为大规模储能技术,
Analysis of long-term energy storage technologies and typical case studies
Jianlin LI1 , Wenfeng DI1 , Yaxin LI1, Haitao LIU2, Hang YANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Beijing Future Technology Innovation Centre for Electrochemical Energy Storage System Integration (North China University of Technology), Beijing 100144, China
  • 2.Smart Grid Industry Technology Research Institute, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
  • 3.Shandong Power Economic Research Institute, State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company, Jinan 250000, China
出版时间: 2023-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202301003
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随着电力系统向低碳化转型,新能源装机容量占比逐年增长。可再生能源发电具有间歇性的特点,主要发电时段和高峰用电时段错位,存在供需不平衡,电力电量平衡对灵活性的要求加剧。长时储能电站成为破解问题的有效有段。针对长时储能技术发展概况,首先分析抽水蓄能、压缩空气、锂离子电池、液流电池、熔盐储热、氢储能的技术特性、优势及目前瓶颈,统计以上储能技术的典型应用工程;然后从电源侧、电网侧和用户侧分析了储能的典型场景应用,阐述了多种储能技术在能量转移、辅助服务、黑启动、平滑新能源出力等多场景下的应用对比;总结分析了化学储能示范工程、储热示范工程、机械储能示范工程的技术参数、系统接线、能量管理等问题;最后对未来储能电站技术进行了展望。

储能电站  /  长时储能  /  应用场景  /  储能技术

With the transformation of the power system to low-carbon, the proportion of new energy installed capacity is increasing year by year, renewable energy power generation has the characteristics of intermittent, the main power generation period and peak power consumption period are misaligned, there is an imbalance between supply and demand, and the demand for flexibility in power balance is intensified, and long-term energy storage power stations have become a magic weapon to solve the problem. According to the development of long-term energy storage technology, the technical characteristics, advantages and current bottlenecks of pumped storage, compressed air, lithium-ion batteries, flow batteries, molten salt heat storage, and hydrogen energy are analyzed, and the typical application projects of the above energy storage technologies are analyzed. Then, the typical scenario applications of energy storage are analyzed from different sides of the power supply side, the power grid side and the user side, and the application comparison of seven energy storage technologies in multiple scenarios such as energy transfer, auxiliary services, black start, and smooth new energy output is expounded. The technical parameters, battery selection, system wiring, energy management and other issues of chemical energy storage demonstration project, heat storage demonstration project and mechanical energy storage demonstration project were summarized and analyzed, and finally the future energy storage power station technology was prospected.

energy storage power station  /  long term energy storage  /  application scenarios  /  energy storage technology
李建林, 邸文峰, 李雅欣, 刘海涛, 杨夯. 长时储能技术及典型案例分析. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (11) : 85 -94 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202301003
Jianlin LI, Wenfeng DI, Yaxin LI, Haitao LIU, Hang YANG. Analysis of long-term energy storage technologies and typical case studies[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (11) : 85 -94 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202301003
新能源出力的不断并网,对电力系统的灵活性提出了更高要求,在此长时储能电站发挥了实现电力平移的作用。长时储能一般指4 h以上的储能技术,长时储能系统是可实现跨天、跨月乃至跨季节充放电循环的储能系统,以满足电力系统的长期稳定。近年来涌现了通辽现代能源“风光水火储一体化”示范项目、国家电投海阳储能电站项目、大连液流电池储能调峰电站国家示范项目、山东莱芜孟家电化学储能项目、三峡新能源庆云储能电站示范项目、福建晋江储能电站试点示范项目等[1-2],为我国长时储能电站的健康发展夯实了基础。
储能的核心就是实现能量在时间和空间上的移动,本质上是让能源更可控。目前长时储能技术可分为机械储能、储热和化学储能3大主线,具体包括抽水蓄能、压缩空气储能、熔盐储热、锂离子电池、钠离子电池和液流电池。文献[3]对压缩空气储能技术及场景应用进行了阐述与分析,总结了国内外致力于压缩空气储能研究团队及其技术特点,对国内外压缩空气储能技术的发展方向进行了全面的反映,并对典型示范工程德国汉特福、美国阿拉巴马州2座商业化压缩空气储能电站进行了详细介绍,最后对压缩空气技术的商业化进程做出了展望。文献[4]总结介绍了锂离子电池、钠离子电池、液流电池、抽水蓄能等技术的基本原理、前沿技术、发展现状,对未来储能技术的发展做出了分析。文献[5]整理了机械储能、电磁储能和化学储能的技术特性,对比技术参数后对各自特点和适应场合进行了分析,并在此基础上对各场景的技术性能要求进行了探讨。
针对平衡电力系统的负荷要求增加现状,首先根据长时储能技术发展概况,分析抽水、压缩空气、锂离子电池、液流电池蓄能的技术特性、优势及目前瓶颈,统计以上储能技术的典型应用工程;然后从电源侧、电网侧和用户侧分析储能的典型场景应用,阐述多种储能技术在能量转移、辅助服务、黑启动、平滑新能源出力等多场景下的应用对比;最后跟踪我国新型储能技术的示范工程最新进展,在此基础上介绍储能电站的技术参数、电池选型、系统接线、能量管理等问题,为未来储能电站技术发展提供借鉴。
随着可再生能源发电渗透率越高,所需储能时长越长。可再生能源发电具有间歇性的特点,主要发电时段和高峰用电时段错位,存在供需不平衡[6-7]。随渗透率上升,平衡电力系统的负荷要求增加。相较于短时储能,长时储能系统可更好地实现电力平移,将可再生能源发电系统的电力转移到电力需求高峰时段,起到平衡电力系统、规模化储存电力的作用,长时储能是碳中和时代的必然选择。
从储能寿命长短来看,锂离子电池当前最高循环次数为8 000次、液流电池最高循环次数可达20 000次、氢储能使用寿命在10~15年、熔盐储热使用寿命20~30年、压缩空气使用寿命在30年左右、抽水蓄能使用寿命在50年左右[8]。接下来按寿命长短依次对以上6种储能技术特性进行分析。
锂电池储能是当前技术最为成熟、装机规模最大的电化学储能技术。锂离子电池提供功率与贮存能量的装置有关,在不提升功率,仅提升容量的情况下,电池成本将等比例增加。但随着全球电池需求量的迅速增长,锂资源开始面临资源约束问题。截至2022年9月,新型储能项目累计装机规模6.66 GW。具体来看,锂离子电池装机规模占比89.3%,为5.95 GW,仍然是目前应用最广的新型储能技术。与2021年底相较,锂电份额下降了0.4%。锂离子电池特性如图1所示,其适用储能时间最好在1~4 h、长时亦可,响应时间为百毫秒级、当前最高循环次数8 000次、转换效率88%。
表1所示山东5个调峰共享储能电站规模均为100 MW/200 MW·h,电站均采用锂电池储能方式,是发电企业和电网企业均可平等参与的全国第一批初步市场化储能示范项目。
液流电池是一种大规模高效电化学储能装置。区别于其他电池储能装置,液流电池将反应活性物质储存于电解质溶液中,可实现电化学反应与能量储存场所的分离,使得电池功率与储能容量设计相对独立,适合大规模蓄电储能需求[9-12]。液流电池特性如图2所示。目前典型液流电池体系包括全钒液流电池、铁铬液流电池。其适用长时储能,响应时间为百毫秒级、当前最高循环次数20 000次、转换效率80%。
在长时储能中,液流电池最大的优势为输出功率和储能容量可分开设计且循环寿命长,但成本是液流电池最大的劣势。全钒液流技术路线是未来5年液流电池主流技术,规划2025年全国装机量达到1 GW。国内全钒液流项目建设情况见表2
氢能被广泛认为是未来最有发展潜力的二次能源,氢能来源广泛、储运方便,可以大规模长周期储能。氢能产业链分为上游、中游、下游,分别对应制氢、储氢与输氢、用氢。
上游制氢路线主要有化石能源重整制氢、电解水制氢、生物制氢、工业副产气制氢、可再生能源制氢,大规模低成本氢气是关键,未来“可再生能源+水电解制氢”有望成为大规模制氢发展趋势;中游储氢技术主要有高压气态储氢、液体储氢、固体储氢等,输氢技术可分为气态、液态和固体3种运输方式;下游用氢及终端应用包括用氢基础设施与燃料电池,其中,质子交换膜燃料电池、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池和固体氧化物燃料电池是最主要的3种商业技术路线。
氢储能技术特性如图3所示,其适用长时储能,响应时间为秒级、使用寿命为10~15年、转换效率可达75%。氢能作为一种清洁的可再生能源来源广泛、储运方便,可以大规模长周期储能。但目前氢气制取还要依赖化石燃料,并且运输成本较高。国内氢能示范工程见表3
熔盐储热通过储热介质的温度变化、相态变化或化学反应,实现热能的储存与释放。储热介质吸收电能、辐射能等能量,储蓄在介质内,当环境温度低于介质温度时,储热介质可将热能释放出来。熔盐储热是大规模中高温储热的主流技术方向。储热技术可分为显热储热、相变储热和热化学储热3类。目前,显热储热技术成熟度最高、价格较低、应用较为广泛;相变储热是研究热点;而热化学储热尚未成熟。其中,熔融盐为常用的中高温显热储热介质,具备较宽的液体温度范围,储热温差大、储热密度高,适合大规模中高温储热项目。
熔盐储热技术特性如图4所示,其适用长时储能,使用寿命为20~30年、转换效率70%。该储能方式优势在于熔盐作为储热介质,成本较低,工作状态稳定,储热密度高,储热时间长,适合大规模中高温储热,单机可实现100 MW·h以上的储热容量;劣势在于场景限制,能量转换方式决定了熔盐储热只有应用在热发电的场景下才会有经济优势。国内外熔盐储热电站示范项目见表4
压缩空气储能系统是一种能够实现大容量、长时间电能储蓄的电力储能系统,通过压缩空气存储多余的电能,在需要时,将高压气体释放到膨胀机做功发电。传统压缩空气储能技术原理源于燃气轮机,其工作流程为压缩、储存、加热、膨胀、冷却[13]。压缩空气储能技术特性如图5所示,其适用长时储能,响应时间为分钟级、寿命为30年、转换效率50%~70%。
随着技术的进步,可以通过储气罐的形式存储压缩气体,从而摆脱了地理约束,可以大规模使用。设备成本占系统成本的大部分,存在着随着大规模应用快速降本的可能。
当前整个压缩空气储能系统的效率相对较低,涉及运行的项目效率在50%~70%,较成熟抽水蓄能的76%左右还有一定的差距,这在一定程度上影响了整个项目的经济性。截至2022年9月底,我国压缩空气储能累计装机容量182.5 MW,在建项目已达6.32 GW,规划2025年压缩空气储能累计装机将达6.8 GW。
德国是最早掌握压缩空气储能技术的国家之一,德国Huntorf压缩空气储能电站是第一座商业运营的压缩空气储能电站。Huntorf储能电站为补燃式,建设2处地下储气洞穴,设计为电能储存与电能输出阶段空气质量流速比为1:4,该电站可不间断储能12 h,不间断输出电能3 h。中国江苏金坛盐穴压缩空气储能电站则采用了非补燃压缩空气储能技术,将电能转换效率提升至60%以上,实现了全过程无燃烧、零碳排。其他国内外压缩空气储能电站对比见表5
抽水蓄能是机械储能的一种,是当前最成熟、装机最多的主流储能技术。抽水蓄能技术在电力负荷低谷期将水从下池水库抽到上池水库时将电能转化成重力势能储存起来,在负荷高峰时利用反向水流发电,综合效率在70%~85%。
抽水蓄能度电成本最低,但地理资源约束明显,远期看无法足量满足储能需求,且初始投资成本高、开发建设时间长,在风光建设超预期的时候,储能资源无法及时匹配。抽水蓄能技术特性如图6所示,其适用长时储能,响应时间为分钟级、循环寿命为50年。
我国抽水蓄能从20世纪60年代开始起步,首座抽水蓄能电站在河北省岗南并入华北电网,起到储能、调峰等作用,从此揭开了我国建设抽水蓄能电站的序幕。
80年代开始建设潘家口抽水储能电站,标志着我国进入探索发展期,也迎来了我国抽水储能开发建设高峰期。21世纪前10年,随着我国政策体制不断健全,建设管理以电网企业为主,标志着我国建设进入完善发展期。“十三五”明确抽水蓄能为重点建设项目,抽水蓄能建设迎来了蓬勃发展期。截至2022年8月底,我国在运装机规模达到42 GW。根据国家能源局发布的《抽水蓄能中长期发展规划(2021—2035年)》,到2025年投产总规模达62 GW以上,2030年达120 GW。
储能技术特点各不相同,根据应用场景的不同,长时储能技术将呈现多线并举的格局。根据本节以上对储能技术的特性分析,长时储能具体技术路线对比见表6
从电力系统整体的角度来看,储能的应用场景可分为3大场景,分别为用户侧储能、电网侧储能和电源侧储能。电力供应系统中用户侧储能主要用于电力自发自用、峰谷价差套利、提升供电可靠性和容量电费管理等;电网侧储能主要用于系统调频、缓解电网阻塞、备用容量、延缓输配电设备扩容升级;电源侧的储能应用包括电力调峰、辅助动态运行、系统调频、减少弃风弃光、可再生能源并网等[14-15]
压缩空气、抽水蓄能、飞轮储能、钠硫电池、铅酸电池、锂离子电池和液流电池7种储能技术在能量转移、平滑新能源出力等多场景下的应用对比见表7,颜色越深表示适应度越高。在多种储能应用中,电化学储能的应用最为广泛,在电力系统的源、网、荷侧电化学储能都可根据需求灵活部署。在发电侧除了能够提高发电的稳定性外,还可以提高发电质量;在输电环节能够有效降低输电的成本;在配电环节可以缓解企业和用户用电压力,促进电网的升级扩容;在送电环节可通过峰谷差套利,进而减少企业和用户用电成本[16-17]
该项目应用于调峰场景,储能容量100 MW/ 200 MW·h,储能单元采用磷酸铁锂电化学电池,共包含40套2.56 MW/5.76 MW·h储能单元,电池组低压直流经变流升压至10 kV后,由2台63 MV·A主变升压至110 kV,接入220 kV孟家变电站110 kV侧。
因考虑电池系统效率,装机容量为100.8 MW/ 230.4 MW·h。储能电站采用模块化设计思想为站内设置80套1.26 MW/2.88 MW·h电池舱。设置40套逆变升压一体舱(PCS舱),每个PCS舱包含4台630 kW变流器,1台2 800 kV·A的10 kV/0.4 kV干式变压器,与配套的环网柜、配电箱、保护柜、消防及暖通系统等安装于升压逆变集成舱内。莱芜孟家储能项目采用国网系统单体容量最大、并网电压等级最高的独立储能电站[18-19]。系统接线图如图7所示。
单个电池预制舱内包含2.88 MW·h电池系统、电池管理系统、消防系统、汇流柜、保温系统、照明系统、空调暖通系统、视频监控系统等。
储能电站消防安全,储能站选用全氟己酮灭火剂。该箱式储能系统的设计满足国际、国内标准,参考了《火力发电厂与变电站设计防火标准》(GB 50229—2019)、《建筑设计防火规范》(GB 50016—2014)、《电化学储能电站设计规范》(GB 51048—2014)、《预制舱式磷酸铁锂电池储能电站消防技术规范》等国内关于储能系统的标准[20-23],确保储能系统的安全性。
三峡新能源庆云储能电站示范项目总容量为300 MW/600 MW·h,应用于调峰场景。
该项目选用液冷磷酸铁锂电池,完成32个20尺变流升压集装箱、32个40尺标准储能集装箱的系统设计和集成,变流升压集装箱单个功率3.15 MW,比以往1 000 V的功率密度提高26%。40尺储能集装箱单个容量6.709 MW·h,比以往1 000 V的方案能量密度提高139%[24-25]
为确保电池性能良好,延长电池使用寿命,使用电池管理系统(BMS)对电池组的使用过程进行管理,监测电池组中单个电池的状态,可以保持电池组中单个电池状态的一致性,并避免电池组性能的降低和由于电池状态差异而导致的安全问题。BMS通过测量,获取电池的工作状态,并把这种状态显示出来。图9为电站储能系统BMS架构。
山东华电滕州电化学储能项目为101 MW/202 MW·h,100 MW/200 MW·h磷酸铁锂电池储能系统,配备1 MW/2 MW·h液流电池储能系统,应用于调峰场景[26-28]。100 MW/200 MW·h磷酸铁锂电池储能系统包括电池舱、PCS舱、逆变升压舱和EMS系统3部分。1 MW/2 MW·h液流电池储能系统由8个125 kW/250 kW·h电池舱、1个变流升压舱、1个控制集装箱构成。
锂电池舱共设置80套1.25 MW/2.5 MW·h储能电池舱,每个舱内包括14面电池柜、2面汇流柜、1面控制柜、1套消防系统、4台风冷空调等,安装在标准预制舱中。每面电池柜由15个电池箱(PACK)串联而成,由1套电池管理系统来管理。每个电池箱由14个电池芯串联而成,每个电池舱由2 940(14×15×14)个电芯组成。
变流升压舱的磷酸铁锂系统共设置40套2.5 MW变流升压舱,每个舱内包括1套组合开关、1台2 800 kV·A变压器、4台630 kW变流器、1面就地通讯柜及低压柜。
液流系统主要由8台电池舱、1台变流升压舱、1台配电设备舱组成。其中单个电池舱功率125 kW,每4个串联组成1个电池单元。变流升压舱由2台500 kW变流器、1台1 300 kV·A变压器等组成。液流系统4台电池舱串联形成1个电池单元,配合1台500 kW变流器使用,共有2组经1台1 300 kV·A变压器接入35 kV母线[29-30]
该项目还包括PCS集装箱、干式变压器集装箱、高压开关柜集装箱及110 kV升压站1座,设计年限25年。
首航节能敦煌100 MW熔盐塔式光热发电项目聚光规模大,是可24 h连续发电的100 MW级熔盐塔式光热电站。该项目镜场面积140万m2、定日镜数量11 000面、塔高260 m、熔盐用量3万t、储热时长11 h、年发电量3.9亿kW·h。该项目鸟瞰图如图10所示。
该电站主要由聚光系统、储热系统、换热系统、发电系统组成。聚光系统也称为镜场,该系统是由定日镜组成,定日镜可以实时跟踪太阳把阳光汇聚在吸热器表面。在设计定日镜镜场过程中,应考虑不同的跟踪方式下定日镜自由旋转所需要的空间,避免定日镜之间的碰撞。该系统定日镜设计风载10 m/s、跟踪精度2mrad、设计寿命30年。吸热系统采用先进的吸热器设计程序SHRC,设计平均能流密度750 kW/m2,局部能流密度1.2 MW/m2。储热系统包括冷热罐罐体、罐体保温、带保温和散热通风系统、管道及保温。换热系统主要作用为采用热熔融盐进行给水加热、蒸发和过热等,最终产生合格的过热蒸汽,提供给汽轮机做功。发电系统采用美国GE汽轮机,额定转速3 000 r/min,额定功率100 MW,有功调节范围30%~100%机组额定出力。
金坛盐穴压缩空气储能国家示范工程,一期工程发电装机规模60 MW/300 MW·h。该项目采用非补燃式压缩空气储能技术,该技术能将压缩空气时产生的热能收集和存储起来,待释能时用来加热进入膨胀机做功的空气,将电能转换效率提升至60%以上,全过程无燃烧、无排放。
该项目透平机采用东方汽轮机的通流设计技术,保障了机组的高效性,其中高压缸效率高于92%,低压缸效率高于94%。改工程储气空间为22.4×104.0 m3,每天发电时长5 h,年运行天数330天,设计的运行压力区间为12~14 MPa,设计储能效率大于60%。该项目鸟瞰图如图11所示。
在时储能的必然需求下,本文分析各长时储能技术的优劣及多场景应用,梳理了国内各省配储政策现状,跟踪对比储能示范项目的建设情况,得出以下结论。
1)新能源装机容量不断增大,高比例可再生能源对系统的灵活性调节能力提出了更高的需求。为缓解此问题,长时储能是必然的选择。
2)从储能技术特点与多场景应用来看,锂离子电池、液流电池是优选项。根据需求,亦可选择多种储能技术混合使用。
3)缺乏功率型和能量型的储能技术体系的构建,亟需分析各储能技术间、储能与可再生能源间及其与各典型场景间的互补性和适应性,形成完善的相关技术标准。
  • 江苏省配电网智能技术与装备协同创新中心开放基金项目(XTCX202208)
  • 国网山东省电力公司科技项目(52062522000D)
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2023年第52卷第11期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202301003
  • 接收时间:2023-01-07
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2023-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-07
基金
The Open Research Fund of Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Smart Distribution Network, Nanjing Institute of Technology(XTCX202208)
江苏省配电网智能技术与装备协同创新中心开放基金项目(XTCX202208)
Science and Technology Project of State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company(52062522000D)
国网山东省电力公司科技项目(52062522000D)
作者信息
    1.北京未来电化学储能系统集成技术创新中心(北方工业大学),北京 100144
    2.南京工程学院智能电网产业技术研究院,江苏 南京 211167
    3.国网山东省电力公司经济技术研究院,山东 济南 250000

通讯作者:

邸文峰(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为大规模储能技术,
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