Article(id=1222513213908968344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222513210519970621, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1676736000000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769399463393, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1700841600000, pubDateStr=2023-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769399463393, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769399463393, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769399463393, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222513210519970621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769399462585, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769405983425, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1222540560984957089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222513210519970621, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1222540560984957090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222513210519970621, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=67, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222513214886241197, articleId=1222513213908968344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Analysis of waste heat utilization and dynamic characteristics of gas turbine/supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle, columnId=1222513211350442816, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on supercritical carbon dioxide cycle power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Supercritical carbon dioxide cycle has many advantages such as small turbine size, small compressor power consumption and high cycle efficiency. In order to explore the cycle configuration with the highest power generation efficiency after the power generation system of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle coupled gas turbine, four cycle layouts were proposed. The main parameters of the circulating system were optimized by genetic algorithm with the maximum circulating efficiency as the optimization objective. Among the four schemes, the gas turbine/two-turbine supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle system has the highest cycle efficiency, which is 44.87%. And the dynamic system analysis of the scheme, with the bottom cycle input heat load as the disturbance variable, explore the dynamic response of the system after the step reduction from full load to 90% load, 80% load and 70% load respectively. The results show that the response time of parameters near the flue gas heat exchanger is faster and the response time is longer when the shadow of thermal inertia is farther away from the flue gas heat exchanger in the working medium flow. At the same position, the response time of pressure is slightly longer than that of temperature, and the drop range of parameters near the high-temperature turbine is greater than that of the low-temperature turbine.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Du WANG, Zhigang WANG, Jinkun ZHANG, Xin REN, Tingju WANG, Mingyuan WAN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1222513215129510842, articleId=1222513213908968344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=燃气轮机/超临界二氧化碳联合循环余热利用及动态特性分析, columnId=1222513211514020676, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=超临界二氧化碳循环发电技术专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)循环具有透平尺寸小、压缩机功耗小、循环效率高等诸多优势。为了探究S-CO2循环耦合燃气轮机发电系统后发电效率最高的循环配置,提出了4种循环布局;并通过遗传算法以循环效率最高为优化目标,对循环系统的主要参数进行优化;对该方案进行动态系统分析,以底部循环输入热负荷为扰动变量,探究从满负荷分别阶跃降低到90%负荷、80%负荷和70%负荷后系统的动态响应情况。结果表明:4种方案中燃气轮机/两透平S-CO2联合循环系统循环效率最高,为44.87%;烟气换热器附近参数响应时间比较快,而由于热惯性的影响在工质流程中离烟气换热器越远响应时间越长;且在同一位置,压力的响应时间略长于温度的响应时间,高温透平附近参数的下降幅度大于低温透平。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
王志刚(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳发电技术,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=xYNSG/bWRAx+nhC/WKMxsQ==, magXml=9qUjU2Z44gi2R/8lewbImQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=+y/UOLPJ9qMMCf/u9apL6w==, pdfFileSize=1376450, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=eC6xfLAiCmXVTKw4sTrZRw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=AhF5jc7E2vup+fHPzuI7xA==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王渡(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳循环系统优化与仿真技术,

, authorsList=王渡, 王志刚, 张锦坤, 任鑫, 王廷举, 万明元)}, authors=[Author(id=1241137048409657774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wangdu@shiep.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241137048602595768, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137048409657774, language=EN, stringName=Du WANG, firstName=Du, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241137048707453372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137048409657774, language=CN, stringName=王渡, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306, bio={"content":"

王渡(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳循环系统优化与仿真技术,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王渡(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳循环系统优化与仿真技术,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048053141912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048069919131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048103473564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306)])]), Author(id=1241137048787145152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=wzg2575514614@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241137050267734471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137048787145152, language=EN, stringName=Zhigang WANG, firstName=Zhigang, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241137050427118028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137048787145152, language=CN, stringName=王志刚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048053141912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048069919131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048103473564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306)])]), Author(id=1241137050515198416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241137050624250329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137050515198416, language=EN, stringName=Jinkun ZHANG, firstName=Jinkun, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241137050720719329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137050515198416, language=CN, stringName=张锦坤, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048053141912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048069919131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048103473564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306)])]), Author(id=1241137050817188327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241137050905268718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137050817188327, language=EN, stringName=Xin REN, firstName=Xin, middleName=null, lastName=REN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241137050980766196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137050817188327, language=CN, stringName=任鑫, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048053141912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048069919131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048103473564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306)])]), Author(id=1241137051081429500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241137051169509891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137051081429500, language=EN, stringName=Tingju WANG, firstName=Tingju, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Bernouly (Beijing) Simulation Technology co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241137051240813065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137051081429500, language=CN, stringName=王廷举, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.博努力(北京)仿真技术有限公司,北京 100085, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048170582431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048178971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048170582431, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Bernouly (Beijing) Simulation Technology co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048195748258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048170582431, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.博努力(北京)仿真技术有限公司,北京 100085)])]), Author(id=1241137051307921935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1241137051400196632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137051307921935, language=EN, stringName=Mingyuan WAN, firstName=Mingyuan, middleName=null, lastName=WAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Zhengzhou Tuofang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1241137051505054240, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, authorId=1241137051307921935, language=CN, stringName=万明元, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.郑州拓仿信息技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450001, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048283828646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048292217255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048283828646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Zhengzhou Tuofang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048300605864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048283828646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.郑州拓仿信息技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450001)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1241137051739935286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=supercritical carbon dioxide cycle), Keyword(id=1241137051832209982, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=waste heat utilization), Keyword(id=1241137051924484675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=dynamic characteristic), Keyword(id=1241137052008370760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=variable load), Keyword(id=1241137052096451150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=response speed), Keyword(id=1241137052226474581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=临界二氧化碳循环), Keyword(id=1241137052293583455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=余热利用), Keyword(id=1241137052478132840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=动态特性), Keyword(id=1241137052708819567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=变负荷), Keyword(id=1241137052809482873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=响应速度)], refs=[Reference(id=1241137059230962560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=125, issue=null, pageStart=799, pageEnd=810, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=CABEZA L F, DE GRACIA A, FERNáNDEZ A I, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CABEZA L F, DE GRACIA A, FERNáNDEZ A I, et al. Supercritical CO2 as heat transfer fluid: a review[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 125: 799-810., articleTitle=Supercritical CO2 as heat transfer fluid: a review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059340014470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=501, pageEnd=512, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=AKBARI A D, MAHMOUDI S M S, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=AKBARI A D, MAHMOUDI S M S. Thermoeconomic analysis & optimization of the combined supercritical CO2 (carbon dioxide) recompression Brayton/organic Rankine cycle[J]. Energy, 2014: 501-512., articleTitle=Thermoeconomic analysis & optimization of the combined supercritical CO2 (carbon dioxide) recompression Brayton/organic Rankine cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059423900557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=185, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=WHITE M T, BIANCHI G, CHAI L, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WHITE M T, BIANCHI G, CHAI L, et al. Review of supercritical CO2 technologies and systems for power generation[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 185:116447., articleTitle=Review of supercritical CO2 technologies and systems for power generation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059524563858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=270, issue=null, pageStart=76, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=LEE J, LEE J I, YOON H J, journalName=Nuclear Engineering and Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEE J, LEE J I, YOON H J, et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide turbomachinery design for water-cooled Small Modular Reactor application[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2014, 270: 76-89., articleTitle=Supercritical carbon dioxide turbomachinery design for water-cooled Small Modular Reactor application, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059650392986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=1850, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=4, authorNames=HAKKARAINEN E, SIHVONEN T, journalName=AIP Conference Proceedings, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAKKARAINEN E, SIHVONEN T. Dynamic modelling and simulation of CSP plant based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed Brayton cycle[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, 1850(1): 070004., articleTitle=Dynamic modelling and simulation of CSP plant based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed Brayton cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059759444899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=199, issue=null, pageStart=247, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=5, authorNames=LUU M T, MILANI D, MCNAUGHTON R, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUU M T, MILANI D, MCNAUGHTON R, et al. Dynamic modelling and start-up operation of a solar-assisted recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 199: 247-263., articleTitle=Dynamic modelling and start-up operation of a solar-assisted recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059860108197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=136, issue=null, pageStart=682, pageEnd=700, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=6, authorNames=LUU M T, MILANI D, MCNAUGHTON R, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LUU M T, MILANI D, MCNAUGHTON R, et al. Advanced control strategies for dynamic operation of a solar-assisted recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 136: 682-700., articleTitle=Advanced control strategies for dynamic operation of a solar-assisted recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137059994325937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=17, issue=3, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=7, authorNames=DU X, HU J, XIA G, journalName=International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DU X, HU J, XIA G. Operation characteristic of supercritical carbon dioxide-cooled reactor system under coordination control scheme[J]. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2020, 17(3):1-13., articleTitle=Operation characteristic of supercritical carbon dioxide-cooled reactor system under coordination control scheme, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060115960762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=11, pageStart=1943, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=8, authorNames=DAI C, SONG P, journalName=Processes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DAI C, SONG P. Research on response characteristics and control strategy of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(11): 1943., articleTitle=Research on response characteristics and control strategy of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060266955716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=9, issue=11, pageStart=1946, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=9, authorNames=SONG P, ZHAO Z, journalName=Processes, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG P, ZHAO Z. Research on dynamic modeling of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(11): 1946., articleTitle=Research on dynamic modeling of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060388590538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=249, issue=null, pageStart=89, pageEnd=102, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=10, authorNames=OLUMAYEGUN O, WANG M, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=OLUMAYEGUN O, WANG M. Dynamic modelling and control of supercritical CO2 power cycle using waste heat from industrial processes[J]. Fuel, 2019, 249: 89-102., articleTitle=Dynamic modelling and control of supercritical CO2 power cycle using waste heat from industrial processes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060493448147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=277, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=11, authorNames=LIESE E, ALBRIGHT J, ZITNEY S A, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIESE E, ALBRIGHT J, ZITNEY S A. Startup, shutdown, and load-following simulations of a 10 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 277:115628., articleTitle=Startup, shutdown, and load-following simulations of a 10 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060585722838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=147, issue=null, pageStart=1030, pageEnd=1043, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=12, authorNames=PARK J H, BAE S W, PARK H S, journalName=Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PARK J H, BAE S W, PARK H S, et al. Transient analysis and validation with experimental data of supercritical CO2 integral experiment loop by using MARS[J]. Energy, 2018, 147: 1030-1043., articleTitle=Transient analysis and validation with experimental data of supercritical CO2 integral experiment loop by using MARS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060665414619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=2033, issue=1, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YANG Z, LE MOULLEC Y, ZHANG J, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Z, LE MOULLEC Y, ZHANG J, et al. Dynamic modeling of 5 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle[C]. AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC, 2018, 2033(1): 070003., articleTitle=Dynamic modeling of 5 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060766077925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=56, issue=23, pageStart=6841, pageEnd=6853, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=14, authorNames=ZHAO Q, MECHERI M, NEVEUX T, journalName=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHAO Q, MECHERI M, NEVEUX T, et al. Selection of a proper equation of state for the modeling of a supercritical CO2 brayton cycle: consequences on the process design[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(23): 6841-6853., articleTitle=Selection of a proper equation of state for the modeling of a supercritical CO2 brayton cycle: consequences on the process design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060862546923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=56802, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=15, authorNames=CHO S K, KIM M, BAIK S, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHO S K, KIM M, BAIK S, et al. Investigation of the bottoming cycle for high efficiency combined cycle gas turbine system with supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle[C]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015, 56802: V009T36A011., articleTitle=Investigation of the bottoming cycle for high efficiency combined cycle gas turbine system with supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137060963210226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=255, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=16, authorNames=THANGANADAR D, ASFAND F, PATCHIGOLLA K, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=THANGANADAR D, ASFAND F, PATCHIGOLLA K. Thermal performance and economic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide cycles in combined cycle power plant[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 255: 113836., articleTitle=Thermal performance and economic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide cycles in combined cycle power plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137061093233656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=231, issue=null, pageStart=1019, pageEnd=1032, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=17, authorNames=JIANG Y, LIESE E, ZITNEY SE, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Y, LIESE E, ZITNEY SE, et al. Design and dynamic modeling of printed circuit heat exchangers for supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycles[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 231: 1019-1032., articleTitle=Design and dynamic modeling of printed circuit heat exchangers for supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137061206479868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=253, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=18, authorNames=MING Y, LIU K, journalName=Energy Conversion and Management, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MING Y, LIU K. Dynamic modeling and validation of the 5 MW small modular supercritical CO2 Brayton-cycle reactor system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 253: 115184., articleTitle=Dynamic modeling and validation of the 5 MW small modular supercritical CO2 Brayton-cycle reactor system, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137061378445312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=19, authorNames=李逍霄, 周金枭, 徐肖肖, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李逍霄,周金枭,徐肖肖,等.超临界CO2水平管内动态冷却传热特性数值模拟研究[J].中国电机工程学报202243(11):1-12., articleTitle=超临界CO2水平管内动态冷却传热特性数值模拟研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241137061491691527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=11, pageStart=1, pageEnd=12, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=20, authorNames=LI Xiaoxiao, ZHOU Jinxiao, XU Xiaoxiao, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Xiaoxiao, ZHOU Jinxiao, XU Xiaoxiao, et al. Numerical study of the transient cooling heat transfer performance of supercritical CO2[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 43(11): 1-12., articleTitle=Numerical study of the transient cooling heat transfer performance of supercritical CO2, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241137057448383342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, awardId=52076126, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076126), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241137057611961205, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, awardId=52076126, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52076126), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241137048053141912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048069919131, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048103473564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048053141912, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241137048170582431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048178971040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048170582431, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Bernouly (Beijing) Simulation Technology co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048195748258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048170582431, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.博努力(北京)仿真技术有限公司,北京 100085)]), AuthorCompany(id=1241137048283828646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048292217255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048283828646, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Zhengzhou Tuofang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241137048300605864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, companyId=1241137048283828646, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.郑州拓仿信息技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450001)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241137053124055697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Cycle configuration, figureFileSmall=Out549TOony8HkNalbxb4w==, figureFileBig=TaAOtdZFKvB3P8+z7Uy5uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137053283439263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图1, caption=循环配置

1—燃气轮机系统;2—烟气换热器;3、10—透平;4、8—回热器;5—冷却器;6、9—压缩机;7—发电机。

, figureFileSmall=Out549TOony8HkNalbxb4w==, figureFileBig=TaAOtdZFKvB3P8+z7Uy5uA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137054780805804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comparison diagram of heat exchanger verification, figureFileSmall=wiRZXV40BNwVodTg3Rd0tA==, figureFileBig=dMQQWY24AiCrDd+z2SzVXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137054885663410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图2, caption=换热器验证对比, figureFileSmall=wiRZXV40BNwVodTg3Rd0tA==, figureFileBig=dMQQWY24AiCrDd+z2SzVXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055019881150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of dynamic model of MSP platform, figureFileSmall=US5JSZgG3anwRCZ432cuAQ==, figureFileBig=TBjqMGG4SGJYwHyKjSbU7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055099572935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图3, caption=MSP平台动态模型示意, figureFileSmall=US5JSZgG3anwRCZ432cuAQ==, figureFileBig=TBjqMGG4SGJYwHyKjSbU7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055179264719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=The heat load varies with time, figureFileSmall=+b9I8NmCXm0YgZlUCv45Cw==, figureFileBig=Q/HrmfsDbcuQOS1V8ren5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055288316633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图4, caption=热负荷随时间变化, figureFileSmall=+b9I8NmCXm0YgZlUCv45Cw==, figureFileBig=Q/HrmfsDbcuQOS1V8ren5A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055426728677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Variation of turbine output power with heat load, figureFileSmall=2AfMKgNYU/KHMTJOfk13ww==, figureFileBig=WuMpjDZtxfz2dOdIa/Q52Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055510614763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图5, caption=透平输出功率随热负荷的变化, figureFileSmall=2AfMKgNYU/KHMTJOfk13ww==, figureFileBig=WuMpjDZtxfz2dOdIa/Q52Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055602889460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Influence of heat load variation on main parameters of S-CO2 cycle, figureFileSmall=pnxuhRl2DYwAF04ZK/Xcxg==, figureFileBig=WKdSj71VNjsuox4/48+7UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055741301502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图6, caption=热负荷变化对S-CO2循环主要参数的影响, figureFileSmall=pnxuhRl2DYwAF04ZK/Xcxg==, figureFileBig=WKdSj71VNjsuox4/48+7UA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137055904879363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Turbine flow variation, figureFileSmall=wT0ErqtJjcaqbLXb5i0Uyw==, figureFileBig=gOXksFG6Hl+QWd/pWNIS2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137056022319883, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=图7, caption=透平流量变化, figureFileSmall=wT0ErqtJjcaqbLXb5i0Uyw==, figureFileBig=gOXksFG6Hl+QWd/pWNIS2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241137056131371793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Key parameters of the gas turbine system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
燃气轮机净功率/kW1 777.00
燃料量/(kg·s–1)0.14
燃料低位发热量/(kJ·kg–1)50 015.00
排烟流量/(kg·s–1)8.62
排烟温度/℃576.16
燃气轮机循环效率/%24.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056253006619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

燃气轮机系统关键参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
燃气轮机净功率/kW1 777.00
燃料量/(kg·s–1)0.14
燃料低位发热量/(kJ·kg–1)50 015.00
排烟流量/(kg·s–1)8.62
排烟温度/℃576.16
燃气轮机循环效率/%24.59
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056345281314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Four solution device configurations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案烟气换热器台数冷却器台数透平台数压缩机台数回热器台数
方案111111
方案211122
方案311222
方案411212
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056500470573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

4个方案设备配置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案烟气换热器台数冷却器台数透平台数压缩机台数回热器台数
方案111111
方案211122
方案311222
方案411212
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056672437049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Parameter optimization range

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
最高压力/MPa20.00~30.00
最低压力/MPa7.40~9.00
最低温度/℃31.85~35.00
S-CO2质量流量/(kg·s–1)5.00~25.00
分流比0~1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056798266176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

参数优化范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
最高压力/MPa20.00~30.00
最低压力/MPa7.40~9.00
最低温度/℃31.85~35.00
S-CO2质量流量/(kg·s–1)5.00~25.00
分流比0~1.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056890540872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Genetic algorithm optimization results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目最高压力/MPa最低压力/MPa最低温度/℃S-CO2质量流量/(kg·s–1)分流比/%循环效率/%
方案130.007.6531.8511.5941.26
方案230.007.6631.8511.801.0041.45
方案328.917.9631.8521.2835.6344.23
方案430.007.6331.8514.1147.0644.87
), ArticleFig(id=1241137056991204176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

遗传算法优化结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目最高压力/MPa最低压力/MPa最低温度/℃S-CO2质量流量/(kg·s–1)分流比/%循环效率/%
方案130.007.6531.8511.5941.26
方案230.007.6631.8511.801.0041.45
方案328.917.9631.8521.2835.6344.23
方案430.007.6331.8514.1147.0644.87
), ArticleFig(id=1241137057083478870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Parametric response time

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目100%降至90%负荷90%降至80%负荷80%降至70%负荷
高温透平入口温度1 328924836
高温回热器热侧入口温度1 326902800
低温透平入口温度2 1522 0061 931
低温回热器热侧入口温度2 4092 0852 066
高温透平入口压力809530369
低温透平入口压力1 6021 5021 412
高温透平输出功率1 329911821
低温透平输出功率1 7701 7671 743
), ArticleFig(id=1241137057196725087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222513213908968344, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

参数响应时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目100%降至90%负荷90%降至80%负荷80%降至70%负荷
高温透平入口温度1 328924836
高温回热器热侧入口温度1 326902800
低温透平入口温度2 1522 0061 931
低温回热器热侧入口温度2 4092 0852 066
高温透平入口压力809530369
低温透平入口压力1 6021 5021 412
高温透平输出功率1 329911821
低温透平输出功率1 7701 7671 743
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
燃气轮机/超临界二氧化碳联合循环余热利用及动态特性分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
王渡 1 , 王志刚 1 , 张锦坤 1 , 任鑫 1 , 王廷举 2 , 万明元 3
热力发电 | 超临界二氧化碳循环发电技术专题 2023,52(11): 67-75
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 超临界二氧化碳循环发电技术专题 2023, 52(11): 67-75
燃气轮机/超临界二氧化碳联合循环余热利用及动态特性分析
全屏
王渡1 , 王志刚1 , 张锦坤1, 任鑫1, 王廷举2, 万明元3
作者信息
  • 1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306
  • 2.博努力(北京)仿真技术有限公司,北京 100085
  • 3.郑州拓仿信息技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450001
  • 王渡(1980),男,副教授,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳循环系统优化与仿真技术,

通讯作者:

王志刚(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳发电技术,
Analysis of waste heat utilization and dynamic characteristics of gas turbine/supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle
Du WANG1 , Zhigang WANG1 , Jinkun ZHANG1, Xin REN1, Tingju WANG2, Mingyuan WAN3
Affiliations
  • 1.Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 201306, China
  • 2.Bernouly (Beijing) Simulation Technology co., Ltd., Beijing 100085, China
  • 3.Zhengzhou Tuofang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2023-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021
文章导航
收藏切换

超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)循环具有透平尺寸小、压缩机功耗小、循环效率高等诸多优势。为了探究S-CO2循环耦合燃气轮机发电系统后发电效率最高的循环配置,提出了4种循环布局;并通过遗传算法以循环效率最高为优化目标,对循环系统的主要参数进行优化;对该方案进行动态系统分析,以底部循环输入热负荷为扰动变量,探究从满负荷分别阶跃降低到90%负荷、80%负荷和70%负荷后系统的动态响应情况。结果表明:4种方案中燃气轮机/两透平S-CO2联合循环系统循环效率最高,为44.87%;烟气换热器附近参数响应时间比较快,而由于热惯性的影响在工质流程中离烟气换热器越远响应时间越长;且在同一位置,压力的响应时间略长于温度的响应时间,高温透平附近参数的下降幅度大于低温透平。

临界二氧化碳循环  /  余热利用  /  动态特性  /  变负荷  /  响应速度

Supercritical carbon dioxide cycle has many advantages such as small turbine size, small compressor power consumption and high cycle efficiency. In order to explore the cycle configuration with the highest power generation efficiency after the power generation system of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle coupled gas turbine, four cycle layouts were proposed. The main parameters of the circulating system were optimized by genetic algorithm with the maximum circulating efficiency as the optimization objective. Among the four schemes, the gas turbine/two-turbine supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle system has the highest cycle efficiency, which is 44.87%. And the dynamic system analysis of the scheme, with the bottom cycle input heat load as the disturbance variable, explore the dynamic response of the system after the step reduction from full load to 90% load, 80% load and 70% load respectively. The results show that the response time of parameters near the flue gas heat exchanger is faster and the response time is longer when the shadow of thermal inertia is farther away from the flue gas heat exchanger in the working medium flow. At the same position, the response time of pressure is slightly longer than that of temperature, and the drop range of parameters near the high-temperature turbine is greater than that of the low-temperature turbine.

supercritical carbon dioxide cycle  /  waste heat utilization  /  dynamic characteristic  /  variable load  /  response speed
王渡, 王志刚, 张锦坤, 任鑫, 王廷举, 万明元. 燃气轮机/超临界二氧化碳联合循环余热利用及动态特性分析. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (11) : 67 -75 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021
Du WANG, Zhigang WANG, Jinkun ZHANG, Xin REN, Tingju WANG, Mingyuan WAN. Analysis of waste heat utilization and dynamic characteristics of gas turbine/supercritical carbon dioxide combined cycle[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (11) : 67 -75 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021
超临界二氧化碳(S-CO2)循环是余热回收利用领域研究较为热门的一种循环布局,其具有很多优势,如循环效率高[1],S-CO2透平尺寸小[2],且CO2具有不可燃、无毒、无腐蚀性,热力性质稳定、安全性高、传热能力强、储量丰富,价格低廉,制取方便、容易达到临界点等优点[3-4]
在太阳能利用领域,芬兰VTT技术研究中心有限公司[5]在2017年提出了一种采用线性菲涅尔集热器作为S-CO2循环热源,并对一天中集热器热量变化所导致的S-CO2变化进行研究,结果表明对S-CO2循环进行温度控制后的效果比采用集热器加热蒸汽循环效果好,但是压缩机入口流体在临界点运行稳定性会变差。悉尼大学[6]在2017年针对太阳能辅助再压缩S-CO2循环系统利用二氧化碳的压力-温度-密度图,制定了一个策略,与启动方案相结合从冷启动到满负荷运行。悉尼大学[7]在2018年又提出了一种太阳能辅助再压缩S-CO2循环动态运行的先进控制策略:库存控制方案和灵活再压缩机控制方案,可在不同太阳能能量输入的波动下,控制透平入口温度使循环运行在稳定状态。
在核能利用领域,哈尔滨工程大学[8]在2018年对以核反应堆为热源的S-CO2循环进行研究,分析了恒定流量运行方案和恒定反应堆出口温度运行方案在负荷下降瞬态条件下的关键参数响应特性。结果表明:在低负荷下,采用恒定流量方案时,较低的反应器温度导致循环性能较差;同时,在恒定反应器出口温度方案下,系统参数波动大,过渡时间也长。中国火力发电技术重点实验室[9]在2021年探究了20 MW级别的再压缩S-CO2循环系统动态特性,分析了系统主要参数在冷却水温度、分流比、主压缩机进口温度和压力干扰下的响应特性,结果表明透平进口温度受到的影响最大,重新稳定的时间为2 500~3 000 s,同年进一步研究了在100%、80%、60%、40%和20%负载之间切换的过程中系统动态特性[10]
在余热利用领域,谢菲尔德大学[11]在2019年对S-CO2循环回收利用工业余热进行了动态研究,通过改变工业排烟的流量从而探究动态特性并进行控制,使用冷却水控制和节流阀来保持预冷器出口S-CO2物性的稳定,可以实现系统的稳定运行。美国国家能源技术实验室[12]在2020年对10 MW再压缩S-CO2循环的启动和停机进行了研究,指出对于10 MW和4 MW之间负荷斜坡变化情况下的最佳方法是库存管理控制。
对S-CO2循环系统的探究,韩国高级核工程部[13]在2018年对S-CO2循环实验回路进行瞬态分析,通过使用阀门控制,循环的功率输出可以变化到稳态输出的50%,而不需要控制热源和散热器,也不需要改变涡轮机械的旋转速度,当使用旁路控制时,必须提高系统压力,以防止压缩机在CO2的亚临界区域运行造成损坏。中国EDF研发中心[14]在2018年对5 MW的S-CO2循环动态特性进行研究,对循环中的关键参数如最高温度、最低温度、库存注入和提取对系统造成的影响进行分析,结果表明,最高循环温度增加100 ℃效率从41%提高到46%,最低温度增加10 ℃效率下降5.19%,库存注入和提取对系统造成的波动比较平缓。
目前,针对燃气轮机和S-CO2联合循环系统,在热力学分析、数值计算、循环配置研究、经济性分析以及动态特性均有学者进行研究。本文提出了4种S-CO2循环布局与燃气轮机发电系统进行耦合,并以发电效率最高为评判标准选出了1个最佳循环配置方案进行动态系统建模;在动态系统研究中,通过改变底部循环热负荷的输入量探究底部循环中的动态特性,从满负荷稳定运行状态阶跃改变底部循环的热负荷输入量以探究S-CO2循环的主要参数变化、功率变化和相应的响应时间。主要的创新点在于将常见的单级联燃气轮机燃气循环系统配置通过遗传算法优化后进行比较,然后再对最优的循环系统进动态特性分析。可为未来进行燃气轮机烟气余热利用的S-CO2系统配置选型提供参考,并为投运后动态参数控制指明了方向。
目前,S-CO2单级联循环配置有:燃气轮机/回热式S-CO2联合循环、燃气轮机/再压缩式S-CO2联合循环、燃气轮机/两透平再压缩S-CO2联合循环、燃气轮机/两透平S-CO2联合循环。本文采用上述4种循环布局进行燃气轮机余热回收,探究不同联合循环系统的热力学性能,各方案循环配置如图1所示。
EBSILON仿真软件是一款通用热力学建模组态软件,主要用做热力系统循环热平衡计算和仿真,广泛用于电站热力系统设计、优化、改造和运行过程。本文采用EBSILON软件进行模型建立,采用REFPROP 10.0数据库进行CO2物性计算,该数据库预测热力学性质较精确[15]。在循环系统中所有设备都遵循质量和能量平衡。
质量平衡式为:
m˙i=m˙o
能量平衡式为:
m˙i×him˙o×ho+Q+W=0
式中:m为质量流量,kg/s;Q为热流,kW;W为轴功,kW;h为比焓,kJ/kg;下标i表示入口,o表示出口。
用燃气轮机和空气压缩机的多方过程效率作为输入,空气压缩机出口的温度为:
TAC,o=TAC,i×((pAC,opAC,i)Rcp×ηAC)
燃气轮机出口的温度为:
TGT,o=TGT,i×((pGT,opGT,i)R×ηGTcp)
式中:p为压力,MPa;R为气体常数;ηACηGT为空气压缩机、燃气轮机多变过程效率;cp为比热容,J/(kg·K);T为温度,℃。
S-CO2透平的等熵效率为:
ηST=hST,ihST,ohST,ihST,o,s
S-CO2压缩机的等熵效率为:
ηSC=hSC,o,shSC,ihSC,ohSC,i
式中:ηSTηSC为S-CO2碳透平、S-CO2压缩机等熵效率;h为比焓;下标s表示等熵状态。
在建模过程中对循环系统作以下假设[16]:1)忽略循环中的动能和势能;2)忽略循环中管道的压力损失;3)压缩机效率为88%,S-CO2透平效率92%,热交换器效率为95%,发电机效率98%,换热器压损0.5%。
联合循环效率ηnet定义为:
ηnet=WGT,net+WSC,netmfuel×QLHV
不同方案下循环效率的差异直观反映出不同方案下联合循环发电性能。底部循环的效率ηbottom定义为:
ηbottom=WSC,netQin
式中:WGT,net为燃气循环发电量,kW;WSC,net为S-CO2循环发电量,kW;mfuel为燃料量,kg/s;QLHV为燃料低位发热量;kJ/kg;Qin为底部循环吸热量,kW。
顶部循环作为联合循环的能量来源,选取OP16型号燃气轮机。工质流程为:燃料和压缩的空气进入燃烧室(CC)混合发生化学反应,高温高压的烟气进入燃气轮机(GT)做功,燃气轮机排出的烟气进入烟气换热器(HE)和S-CO2循环工质换热。燃气轮机具体参数见表1
燃气轮机(燃机)排烟温度为576.16 ℃,且排烟流量为8.62 kg/s,烟气中仍具有大量的热量,所以采用底部循环进行余热利用,从而能最大限度提高能源利用率。
4种循环配置:方案1(燃机/简单回热式S-CO2联合循环)、方案2(燃机/再压缩式S-CO2联合循环)、方案3(燃机/两透平再压缩S-CO2联合循环)、方案4(燃机/两透平S-CO2联合循环)。各方案设备的描述见表2,循环系统配置如图1所示。方案1工作流程为:低温高压的S-CO2流体进入烟气换热器吸收燃气轮机排烟中的热量后变为高温高压流体,进入透平做功,最后进入回热器向低温侧流体释放热量,经过冷却器温度被降低到临界点附近,然后进入压缩机被压缩,再经过回热器和烟气换热器吸收热量完成1个循环。方案2工质流程与方案1类似,主要区别为多了1台回热器和1台压缩机,在低温回热器出口通过分流器流体被分为2股流体,一股进入冷却器和主压缩机,另一股直接进入辅助压缩机而后通过高温回热器。方案3在方案2的基础上增加了1台透平,从主压缩机出来的流体依次进入低温回热器和高温回热器然后进入低温透平做功,从辅助压缩机出来的流体直接进入烟气换热器吸收热量。方案4比方案3少了1台压缩机,所有流体均通过冷却器降低到临界点参数附近然后进入压缩机被压缩,而后在压缩机出口分流,一部分直接进入烟气换热器吸热再进入高温透平做功,另一部分依次经过低温回热器和高温回热器进入低温透平做功。
不同方案的设计参数通过遗传算法优化,以循环效率最高为优化目标,以最高压力、最低压力、最低温度、S-CO2质量流量、分流比作为优化变量。遗传算法数学模型为:
maxηnet(p1,p2,T1,m,λ)
{20p1307.4p2931.85T1355m250λ1
主要参数的优化范围见表3。选取最高压力变化的范围为20.00~30.00 MPa[17]。原因为上限的大小取决于材料的最大承压能力,目前大多数文献中最高压力均采用30.00 MPa作为最高压力的上限。选取最低压力变化的范围为7.40~9.00 MPa。原因为下限的大小取决于CO2流体的临界点,考虑到稳定性的问题将下限定为7.40 MPa。同理,最低温度的选取范围也是依据CO2流体的临界点进行设定。
优化后的结果见表4。由表4可见,4个联合循环系统中方案4的循环效率最高为44.87%。4种方案中方案2的分流比优化到了边界点说明再压缩循环并不适用于余热回收利用;而方案4循环效率最高的原因在于,S-CO2在临界点附近压缩机功耗比较小,所有流体都经过冷却器降低到临界点,与2台压缩机循环相比降低了压缩机的功耗。
在采用EBSILON仿真软件进行静态建模时,该软件数据库中有对应的燃气轮机型号,通过对燃气轮机的选取从而实现顶部循环的建模。该燃气轮机库中的数据参数均是通过生产厂商获得,并对不同工况进行曲线校正,数据相对准确。S-CO2循环的建模是对燃气轮机发电系统的余热利用,在建模过程中独立于燃气轮机系统,通过模型假设和约束条件进行遗传算法优化后得到设计参数。在进行动态建模时,物性数据库均是采用REFPROP 10.0数据库进行工质的物性计算。关于动态模型的误差,以换热器模型为例进行说明。与文献[18]的换热器对比,将换热器热侧入口温度升高100 ℃,参数响应情况如图2所示。
图2可见:t=10 s时,仿真值为531.4 ℃,文献值为532.1 ℃,误差为0.13%;t=250 s时,仿真值为555.5 ℃,文献值为559.6℃,误差为0.73%。验证参数的误差均在1.00%以内,证明了建立换热器动态模型的可靠性。
4种循环系统方案中方案4为最优的循环配置,所以对方案4进行动态系统的建模及动态特性分析。动态系统建模工具使用多学科仿真平台(multidisciplinary simulation platform,MSP)。采用REFPROP 10.0数据库中的物性参数对流体进行计算。其中,高温透平和低温透平前设置有调节阀,通过PID控制进入高温透平回路和低温透平回路中的流量恒定。MSP平台动态模型示意如图3所示。
在压缩机建模过程中,由于S-CO2在临界点附近可视为不可压缩流体,使用以下假设来描述压缩机的性能[19]:1)质量流量与U成正比;2)压比与2成正比。压缩机流量系数ϕ为:
ϕ=mc/ρU
式中:mc为压缩机的出口质量流量,kg/s;U为叶轮尖端的速度,m/s;ρ为密度,kg/m3
压缩机压比CR为:
CR=fmap,CR(ϕ)ρU2
压缩机等熵效率为:
ηsc=fmap,ηc(ϕ)
式中:fmap,CRfmap, ηc为通过压缩机特性曲线得到的压比和等熵效率。
压缩机出口压力和出口焓为:
pc,out=pc,inCR
hc,out=hc,in+(hc,out,isenhc,in)/ηsc
式中:pc,in为进口压力,MPa;hc,in为进口焓,kJ/kg;hc,out,isen为等熵出口焓,kJ/kg。
压缩机功率为:
Pcom=mc(hc,outhc,in)
在S-CO2透平中,S-CO2远离临界点,可视为理想气体,可通过流量系数和转速从透平特性曲线中得到膨胀比和等熵效率。
透平流量系数ψ为:
ψ=mtTt,in/pt,in
膨胀比ER为:
ER=fmap,ER(ψ,N)
透平等熵效率为:
ηst=fmap,ηt(ψ,N)
式中:N为转速。
透平出口压力和出口焓为:
pt,out=pt,in/ER
ht,out=ht,in+ηst(ht,inht,out,isen)
式中:pt,in为进口压力,MPa;ht,in为进口焓;ht,out,isen为等熵出口焓。
透平功率为:
Ptur=mt(ht,inht,out)
换热器内工质的流动和传热模型是基于质量、动量和能量的3个守恒方程,具体计算过程如下。
热侧:
Vhρhcp,hdThdt+mh(hh,outhh,in)=(kAs)h(ThTw)
冷侧:
Vcoρcocp,codTcodt+mco(hco,outhco,in)=(kAs)co(TwTco)
壁面:
mwcp,wdTwdt=(hAs)h(ThTw)(hAs)co(TwTco)
式中:k为传热系数,W/(m2·K);V为体积,m3AS为传热面积,m2;下标h表示热侧,co表示冷侧,w表示壁面。
不同换热器的传热系数是根据流体类别和雷诺数计算得出:
f=(1.82lgRe1.64)2
Nu=(f/8)(Re1 000)Pr1+12.7(Pr231)f/8
式中:Pr为普朗特数。
本文研究对象为S-CO2循环回收利用燃气轮机排烟中的余热。所以,通过改变底部循环热负荷的输入量(即烟气换热器的输入热量)探究底部循环中的动态特性,从满负荷稳定运行状态阶跃改变底部循环的热负荷输入量,从而探究S-CO2循环的主要参数变化、功率变化和相应的响应时间。当响应时间判定标准η变化量小于1%时,系统在负荷变化后达到新的稳态,响应时间判定标准为[20]
η=NtN2N1N2
式中:N1为扰动前的稳态数值;N2为扰动后达到新的的稳态数值;Ntt时刻数值。
以2 500 s为时间间隔,阶跃变化热负荷输入量,探究对超临界二氧化碳循环动态特性的影响。热负荷随时间变化如图4所示。
在动态系统运行至2 000 s时,热负荷从满负荷输入量阶跃降低至90%;在动态系统运行到4 500 s时,热负荷输入量阶跃降低至80%;在动态系统运行到7 000 s时,热负荷输入量阶跃降低至70%。主要参数响应时间见表5
透平输出功率随热负荷的变化如图5所示。由图5可见,随着负荷的降低,高温透平(HT)输出功率逐渐降低。随着负荷下降系统达到新的稳态后的高温透平输出功率分别为1 129.850、812.350、496.408、184.280 kW,降幅分别为317.50、315.94、312.13 kW,响应时间分别为1 329、911、821 s。
造成高温透平输出功率下降的原因为透平入口温度的降低和透平入口压力的降低。热负荷变化对S-CO2循环主要参数的影响如图6所示。热负荷的降低导致底部循环吸收的热量降低,从而使高温透平做功能力下降。随着负荷下降系统达到新的稳态后,低温透平(LT)输出功率分别为787.79、678.29、570.03、458.58 kW,降幅分别为109.49、108.27、111.44 kW,响应时间分别为1 770、1 767、1 743 s。造成低温透平输出功率下降的原因与高温透平类似,透平进口温度和压力的降低使低温透平做功能力下降。低温透平相关参数响应时间高于高温透平主要原因在于,热负荷的变化直接影响到高温透平,而低温透平和高温透平回路之间还有高温回热器、低温回热器、冷却器和压缩机,由于系统的热惯性使低温透平的响应时间变长。
图6a)可见,随着热负荷输入的降低,高温透平的进口温度和出口温度都随之下降,在热负荷阶跃变化的瞬间会造成系统参数超调。其主要原因为,系统热负荷的阶跃变化导致透平流量出现1个脉冲变化(图7);且随着负荷的降低,脉冲的幅度减弱,所以M、N部分的超调减弱。随着负荷的降低高温透平入口温度的降幅分别为54.98、55.15、55.58 ℃,高温透平出口温度的降幅分别为18.16、18.32、18.97 ℃。由图6b)可见,高温透平入口压力变化较大,随着负荷的降低高温透平入口压力的降幅分别为1.004 2、1.078 8、1.165 5 MPa。出口压力也呈下降趋势,但下降幅度较小。
图6c)可见,随着负荷降低,低温透平进出口温度都呈现下降的趋势,且响应时间比高温透平长。随着负荷的降低,低温透平入口温度的降幅分别为16.84、16.84、17.55 ℃,出口温度的降幅分别为7.03、6.86、7.34 ℃。低温透平进出口压力变化情况与高温透平情况类似。
循环系统采用PID控制调节阀的开度,使进入透平中的流量维持在恒定值,且随着负荷的阶跃性降低流量的脉冲幅度减弱。流量的响应情况会造成循环系统中各循环参数随着负荷的降低,响应时间逐渐减小。
为了探究S-CO2循环针对燃气轮机排烟的余热利用及动态特性等问题,提出了4种简单循环方案,采用遗传算法以循环效率最高为优化目标,对循环系统的主要参数进行优化,并针对最优的循环方案进行动态分析。通过阶跃改变热负荷的大小,探究S-CO2循环系统主要参数的动态特性,得出以下结论。
1)燃气轮机/回热式S-CO2联合循环效率为41.26%、燃气轮机/再压缩式S-CO2联合循环效率为41.45%、燃气轮机/两透平再压缩S-CO2联合循环效率为44.23%、燃气轮机/两透平S-CO2联合循环循环效率为44.87%。两透平S-CO2循环为燃气轮机余热利用的最佳循环配置。
2)在动态特性分析中,把负荷阶跃变化作为扰动变量,通过PID控制算法维持透平流量稳定。随着负荷的降低,响应时间逐渐减少。由于扰动端距离高温透平较近,且存在系统热惯性等影响,所以高温透平相应参数比低温透平响应速度快。在同一位置压力的响应时间比温度的响应时间略长。同一参数在不同的负荷变化下降幅差别不大。
3)高温透平功率下降幅度大于低温透平功率下降的幅度。每下降10%热负荷,高温透平入口温度平均下降55.24 ℃,高温透平出口温度平均下降18.48 ℃,高温透平入口压力平均下降1.08 MPa,低温透平入口温度平均下降17.08 ℃,低温透平出口温度平均下降7.07 ℃,低温透平入口压力平均下降0.57 MPa。
4)在未来联合循环系统投入实际运行中,通过控制算法加强低温透平相关参数的调控会使循环系统响应速度加快,稳定性增强。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52076126)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
CABEZA L F, DE GRACIA A, FERNáNDEZ A I, et al. Supercritical CO2 as heat transfer fluid: a review[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2017, 125: 799-810.
[2]
AKBARI A D, MAHMOUDI S M S. Thermoeconomic analysis & optimization of the combined supercritical CO2 (carbon dioxide) recompression Brayton/organic Rankine cycle[J]. Energy, 2014: 501-512.
[3]
WHITE M T, BIANCHI G, CHAI L, et al. Review of supercritical CO2 technologies and systems for power generation[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021, 185:116447.
[4]
LEE J, LEE J I, YOON H J, et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide turbomachinery design for water-cooled Small Modular Reactor application[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2014, 270: 76-89.
[5]
HAKKARAINEN E, SIHVONEN T. Dynamic modelling and simulation of CSP plant based on supercritical carbon dioxide closed Brayton cycle[J]. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2017, 1850(1): 070004.
[6]
LUU M T, MILANI D, MCNAUGHTON R, et al. Dynamic modelling and start-up operation of a solar-assisted recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle[J]. Applied Energy, 2017, 199: 247-263.
[7]
LUU M T, MILANI D, MCNAUGHTON R, et al. Advanced control strategies for dynamic operation of a solar-assisted recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton power cycle[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 136: 682-700.
[8]
DU X, HU J, XIA G. Operation characteristic of supercritical carbon dioxide-cooled reactor system under coordination control scheme[J]. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 2020, 17(3):1-13.
[9]
DAI C, SONG P. Research on response characteristics and control strategy of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(11): 1943.
[10]
SONG P, ZHAO Z. Research on dynamic modeling of the supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle[J]. Processes, 2021, 9(11): 1946.
[11]
OLUMAYEGUN O, WANG M. Dynamic modelling and control of supercritical CO2 power cycle using waste heat from industrial processes[J]. Fuel, 2019, 249: 89-102.
[12]
LIESE E, ALBRIGHT J, ZITNEY S A. Startup, shutdown, and load-following simulations of a 10 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression closed Brayton cycle[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 277:115628.
[13]
PARK J H, BAE S W, PARK H S, et al. Transient analysis and validation with experimental data of supercritical CO2 integral experiment loop by using MARS[J]. Energy, 2018, 147: 1030-1043.
[14]
YANG Z, LE MOULLEC Y, ZHANG J, et al. Dynamic modeling of 5 MWe supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle[C]. AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP Publishing LLC, 2018, 2033(1): 070003.
[15]
ZHAO Q, MECHERI M, NEVEUX T, et al. Selection of a proper equation of state for the modeling of a supercritical CO2 brayton cycle: consequences on the process design[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2017, 56(23): 6841-6853.
[16]
CHO S K, KIM M, BAIK S, et al. Investigation of the bottoming cycle for high efficiency combined cycle gas turbine system with supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle[C]. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015, 56802: V009T36A011.
[17]
THANGANADAR D, ASFAND F, PATCHIGOLLA K. Thermal performance and economic analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide cycles in combined cycle power plant[J]. Applied Energy, 2019, 255: 113836.
[18]
JIANG Y, LIESE E, ZITNEY SE, et al. Design and dynamic modeling of printed circuit heat exchangers for supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton power cycles[J]. Applied Energy, 2018, 231: 1019-1032.
[19]
MING Y, LIU K. Dynamic modeling and validation of the 5 MW small modular supercritical CO2 Brayton-cycle reactor system[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 253: 115184.
[20]
李逍霄,周金枭,徐肖肖,等.超临界CO2水平管内动态冷却传热特性数值模拟研究[J].中国电机工程学报202243(11):1-12.
LI Xiaoxiao, ZHOU Jinxiao, XU Xiaoxiao, et al. Numerical study of the transient cooling heat transfer performance of supercritical CO2[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2022, 43(11): 1-12.
2023年第52卷第11期
PDF下载
180
84
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021
  • 接收时间:2023-02-19
  • 首发时间:2026-01-26
  • 出版时间:2023-11-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-02-19
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52076126)
国家自然科学基金项目(52076126)
作者信息
    1.上海电力大学能源与机械工程学院,上海 201306
    2.博努力(北京)仿真技术有限公司,北京 100085
    3.郑州拓仿信息技术有限公司,河南 郑州 450001

通讯作者:

王志刚(1998),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为超临界二氧化碳发电技术,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202302021
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏