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Article(id=1222503116780594110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202303369, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=null, receivedDateStr=null, revisedDate=1677945600000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1769397056050, onlineDateStr=2026-01-26, pubDate=1698163200000, pubDateStr=2023-10-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1769397056050, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-26, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1769397056050, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1769397056050, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1222503107959968541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2023', volume='52', issue='10', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1769397053947, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773966614026, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241669232136614309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241669232136614310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1222503107959968541, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=39, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1222503117682369485, articleId=1222503116780594110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in solar salt, columnId=1222503108685583135, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on material properties of generator set, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The static corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel at 500 ℃ in Solar Salt (60%NaNO3 + 40%KNO3) was investigated via static corrosion test. Corrosion kinetic curves of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in molten salts at 500 ℃ were obtained through measuring the weight changes of the specimens at each time intervals. XRD and ICP-MS were employed to characterize the phase and component of molten nitrate salts; XRD, SEM/EDS were used to characterize the morphology, composition and microstructure of the corrosion products on the surface and the cross section of corroded specimens. Finally, combining the changes of molten salt and stainless steels, the corrosion mechanism of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in Solar Salt was discussed respectively. Results showed that the corrosion behavior of 347 SS in Solar Salt at 500 ℃ was characterized by mass gain. As time goes on, the trend of 316L stainless steel increased first and then decreased, while the trend of 347 stainless steel was on the increase. SEM/EDS showed that 347 stainless steel was more likely to be oxidized, while the chromium element in 347 was prone to dissolve, comparing to 316L stainless steel is better stability in Solar Salt, that is, 316L stainless steel is more corrosion resistant.

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通过在500 ℃不同时间的静态腐蚀实验，研究了316L不锈钢和347不锈钢在Solar Salt （60%NaNO3+40%KNO3）中的腐蚀行为。通过跟踪2种不锈钢的质量变化，得到了这2种不锈钢的腐蚀动力学曲线。利用XRD和ICP-MS对熔盐物相和组分变化进行分析，利用XRD、SEM/EDS对不锈钢表面腐蚀产物物相、形貌和元素成分进行分析，最后结合熔盐与不锈钢二者的变化，分别讨论了316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的相关腐蚀机理。腐蚀动力学曲线表明，316L和347不锈钢在500 ℃ Solar Salt中均表现为腐蚀增重，随着腐蚀时间推进，316L不锈钢的增重呈现先增大后减小的趋势，347不锈钢的增重则一直增大。SEM/EDS的结果表明，347不锈钢更容易被氧化，同时347不锈钢中的Cr元素易发生溶出，相比之下，316L不锈钢在Solar Salt中的稳定性更好，即316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性更强。

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李锦丽（1986），女，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为储能材料，。

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李锦丽（1986），女，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为储能材料，。

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李锦丽（1986），女，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为储能材料，。

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figureFileSmall=EYJN1X//k0I8lhsxfGCYiw==, figureFileBig=I0X1XEI7bGSZ+m87PHr6Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390272447053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=CN, label=图11, caption=347不锈钢腐蚀机理, figureFileSmall=EYJN1X//k0I8lhsxfGCYiw==, figureFileBig=I0X1XEI7bGSZ+m87PHr6Cg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241694390360527443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Chemical composition of 316L and 347 stainless steels

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FeCrNiMoMnSiSNPCNb
316L67.2016.909.802.502.400.800.200.100.050.03
34770.0017.908.802.000.700.030.050.050.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241694390473773655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

316L和347不锈钢化学组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
FeCrNiMoMnSiSNPCNb
316L67.2016.909.802.502.400.800.200.100.050.03
34770.0017.908.802.000.700.030.050.050.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241694390591214170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The content of the elements in the corrosion layer of 316L stainless steel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域FeCrNiMoONa
166.716.89.22.1
267.516.39.31.9
362.17.62.70.725.20.6
462.44.41.027.40.7
560.14.726.07.1
661.62.431.7
745.82.636.310.0
864.32.329.72.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241694390721237600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

316L不锈钢腐蚀层的元素质量分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域FeCrNiMoONa
166.716.89.22.1
267.516.39.31.9
362.17.62.70.725.20.6
462.44.41.027.40.7
560.14.726.07.1
661.62.431.7
745.82.636.310.0
864.32.329.72.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241694390930952809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

The content of the elements in the corrosion layer of 347 stainless steel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域FeCrNiONa
169.917.98.6
270.517.78.6
364.41.633.70.3
463.21.80.633.90.6
569.81.828.10.4
665.51.930.21.7
762.65.62.028.01.8
868.31.729.40.6
), ArticleFig(id=1241694391044199024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1222503116780594110, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

347不锈钢腐蚀层的元素质量分数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域FeCrNiONa
169.917.98.6
270.517.78.6
364.41.633.70.3
463.21.80.633.90.6
569.81.828.10.4
665.51.930.21.7
762.65.62.028.01.8
868.31.729.40.6
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316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的腐蚀行为研究
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李锦丽 1, 2 , 王敏 1, 2
热力发电 | 发电机组材料特性研究专题 2023,52(10): 39-45
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热力发电 | 发电机组材料特性研究专题 2023, 52(10): 39-45
316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的腐蚀行为研究
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李锦丽1, 2 , 王敏1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室，青海　西宁　810008
  • 2.青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室，青海　西宁　810008

    • 李锦丽（1986），女，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为储能材料，。

Corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in solar salt
Jinli LI1, 2 , Min WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Salt Lake Resources Chemistry of Qinghai Province, Xining 810008, China
出版时间: 2023-10-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202303369
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摘要
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通过在500 ℃不同时间的静态腐蚀实验，研究了316L不锈钢和347不锈钢在Solar Salt （60%NaNO3+40%KNO3）中的腐蚀行为。通过跟踪2种不锈钢的质量变化，得到了这2种不锈钢的腐蚀动力学曲线。利用XRD和ICP-MS对熔盐物相和组分变化进行分析，利用XRD、SEM/EDS对不锈钢表面腐蚀产物物相、形貌和元素成分进行分析，最后结合熔盐与不锈钢二者的变化，分别讨论了316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的相关腐蚀机理。腐蚀动力学曲线表明，316L和347不锈钢在500 ℃ Solar Salt中均表现为腐蚀增重，随着腐蚀时间推进，316L不锈钢的增重呈现先增大后减小的趋势，347不锈钢的增重则一直增大。SEM/EDS的结果表明，347不锈钢更容易被氧化，同时347不锈钢中的Cr元素易发生溶出，相比之下，316L不锈钢在Solar Salt中的稳定性更好，即316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性更强。

316L不锈钢  /  347不锈钢  /  Solar Salt  /  太阳能热发电  /  腐蚀行为

The static corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel at 500 ℃ in Solar Salt (60%NaNO3 + 40%KNO3) was investigated via static corrosion test. Corrosion kinetic curves of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in molten salts at 500 ℃ were obtained through measuring the weight changes of the specimens at each time intervals. XRD and ICP-MS were employed to characterize the phase and component of molten nitrate salts; XRD, SEM/EDS were used to characterize the morphology, composition and microstructure of the corrosion products on the surface and the cross section of corroded specimens. Finally, combining the changes of molten salt and stainless steels, the corrosion mechanism of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in Solar Salt was discussed respectively. Results showed that the corrosion behavior of 347 SS in Solar Salt at 500 ℃ was characterized by mass gain. As time goes on, the trend of 316L stainless steel increased first and then decreased, while the trend of 347 stainless steel was on the increase. SEM/EDS showed that 347 stainless steel was more likely to be oxidized, while the chromium element in 347 was prone to dissolve, comparing to 316L stainless steel is better stability in Solar Salt, that is, 316L stainless steel is more corrosion resistant.

316L stainless steel  /  347 stainless steel  /  Solar Salt  /  solar thermal power  /  corrosion behavior
李锦丽, 王敏. 316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的腐蚀行为研究. 热力发电, 2023 , 52 (10) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202303369
Jinli LI, Min WANG. Corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel and 347 stainless steel in solar salt[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023 , 52 (10) : 39 -45 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202303369
正文
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落实“双碳”目标，构建以清洁能源为主体的新型电力系统已经成为我国能源转型的主要方向[1]。聚焦型太阳能热发电（concentrating solar power，CSP），被认为是现今最有发展潜力的发电方式之一[2-3]。由于储热技术的协同运行，CSP可实现发电出力稳定可调[4-5]，毫无疑问，储热系统在CSP电站中占有重要地位[6]。对于储能系统来说，储能介质就是运行其中的“血液”。熔融硝酸盐凭借其自身的优势，在CSP中显示出较大的发展潜力，成为储能介质的首选[7-8]。然而高温硝酸熔盐的腐蚀会造成传热蓄热容器、部件的减薄甚至破裂等，这不仅增加了储热系统的维护成本，还会造成人员伤亡的危险性[9-10]。这些管道、容器和部件的基材基本都是不锈钢金属材料，因此，为了促进熔融盐在光热发电领域的稳定运行，首先需要解决熔盐与金属材料的相容性问题。
早在1985年，科研人员就开始了熔盐腐蚀性的研究。Slusser等人[11]采用浸泡法研究了510~705 ℃时镍基合金和铁基合金在硝酸钠/硝酸钾混合熔盐中的腐蚀失重行为，结果表明：650 ℃以下时，熔盐对2种合金的腐蚀性相对较弱，650 ℃以上时，熔盐对2种合金的腐蚀性急速加剧；镍基合金具有较强抗腐蚀性能，铁基合金的耐腐蚀性相对较差。Goods等人[12]研究了一些杂质对于304不锈钢、316不锈钢和A36碳钢在316 ℃和570 ℃时Solar Salt中的腐蚀影响，结果表明，这些杂质的存在对不锈钢和碳钢的腐蚀影响相对较小，304和316不锈钢在570 ℃时的腐蚀速率为6~15 μm/a，A36碳钢在316 ℃时的腐蚀速率值为5 μm/a，这说明杂质对腐蚀的影响很小。Fernandez等人[13]在390 ℃和550 ℃ 2种不同温度下，研究了Solar Salt对304不锈钢、430不锈钢和T22合金的腐蚀性，腐蚀动力学曲线表明：304和430不锈钢质量几乎没有增加，而T22合金的质量增加明显；扫描电镜测试表明，304不锈钢和430不锈钢表面生成了Cr2O3的保护膜，阻止了腐蚀的进行，而T22合金表层出现氧化层和裂缝，熔盐渗透于裂缝，造成腐蚀增重。2013年，桑迪亚国家实验室（SNL）[14]对2种铁基合金（SS-321和SS-347）和2种镍基合金（IN625和HA230）在400、500和680 ℃下Solar Salt中的腐蚀行为进行了深入研究，结果表明：在600 ℃以下，铁基合金SS-321和SS-347的腐蚀速率较慢，当温度升高到680 ℃时，腐蚀速率显著增加，分别为460、447 μm/a；镍基合金的腐蚀速率较快，600 ℃以下，625和HA230的腐蚀速率分别为19.8和21.7 μm/a，680 ℃时，合金HA230和IN625的腐蚀率分别为688、594 μm/a。Dorcheh等人[15]考察了600 ℃时P91、X20CrMoV11、SS316和SS347H等4种不锈钢和IN625镍基合金在Solar Salt中的腐蚀行为，采用SEM/EDS分析了腐蚀产物，结果表明，IN625镍基合金耐腐蚀性强于4种不锈钢。
熔盐与金属的相互作用普遍存在于熔盐的应用过程中，熔盐对金属的腐蚀严重影响了CSP电站的安全稳定运行[16]。研究硝酸熔盐与金属之间的相容性非常必要。由上述可知，关于硝酸熔盐腐蚀的研究方法侧重点各不相同，得出的结论也并不一致，因此，关于硝酸熔盐对金属材料的腐蚀机理有待进一步深入研究。本文选择生产工业成熟，性能优异的二元硝酸熔融盐（Solar Salt）为腐蚀介质，选择目前市场上抗腐蚀的316L不锈钢和耐高温的347不锈钢为研究对象，设计了Solar Salt对316L和347不锈钢的静态腐蚀实验，通过分析腐蚀前后Solar Salt的组成变化，结合不锈钢自身形貌及本征特性的变化，推测了Solar Salt对这2种不锈钢金属材料的腐蚀机理。
1　实验部分
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1.1　化学试剂与材料
本文所用的硝酸钾KNO3和硝酸钠NaNO3均为分析纯，均购于国药集团化学试剂有限公司。本文选取316L和347不锈钢为腐蚀研究对象，利用线切割进行加工，加工尺寸规格为30 mm×15 mm× 3 mm，其组成见表1，2种不锈钢的组成均符合标准。不锈钢片需用砂纸进行打磨，直到形成平整光亮的表面，接着依次用去离子水、丙酮和乙醇进行清洗，干燥备用。
1.2　Solar Salt的制备
将市售的硝酸钠试剂和硝酸钾试剂研磨后分别置于恒温干燥箱中，在100 ℃干燥12 h，以脱去试剂中的水分。按照NaNO3和KNO3质量比3:2称取干燥的相应质量的NaNO3和KNO3配制，在玛瑙研钵中研磨并混合均匀，放入刚玉坩埚，将放有混合物的刚玉坩埚置于马弗炉，以10 ℃/min的升温速率由30 ℃升至300 ℃，300 ℃保温4 h后，取出样品，倒入瓷盘，冷却至室温，研磨粉碎装于样品袋，置于干燥器中保存。
1.3　腐蚀实验
在刚玉坩埚中放置80 g的熔融盐，将精确称量质量m0的不锈钢片放入坩埚，掩埋于熔盐中，然后将坩埚置于马弗炉中，在500 ℃时进行腐蚀实验。待腐蚀进行特定的时间后，取出不锈钢片，用蒸馏水冲洗，并用软毛刷清洁其表面，然后用丙酮和蒸馏水轮换冲洗多次，最后用酒精冲洗，晾干[17]，称质量m1，根据式(1)，计算不锈钢片的质量变化mv。对腐蚀后的熔盐进行全分析，对腐蚀后的金属片进行表面形貌的表征及表面成分的分析。
mv=m1−m0
1.4　组分分析与结构表征
熔盐的化学组成采用ICP-MS测试分析，ICP-MS为美国PE公司的NexION 2000B等离子发射质谱仪。熔盐和不锈钢的物相分析采用XRD表征，XRD为德国BRUKER公司的D8 Discover型X射线衍射仪Cu-Kα辐射源，单色器λ=1.54 Å，施加电压和电流分别为40 kV和为30 mA，0.016 7°为步长，测量材料在5°~80°范围内的XRD谱图，仪器测试的不确定度为±0.000 2°。不锈钢表面腐蚀产物形貌和组成采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM，JSM-5610LV，JEOL，日本）配合能谱（EDS）进行表征。将样品用导电胶带固定在样品支架上，喷金形成金膜层[18]，样品支架放置在仪器的相应位置，然后抽真空，扫描和拍照。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　熔盐XRD物相分析
腐蚀前后Solar Salt的XRD谱图如图1和图2所示。由图1和图2可知，不论对316L还是347不锈钢的腐蚀，腐蚀前后Solar Salt的主体成分均未发生变化。这表明：一方面Solar Salt在系统中比较稳定，在该实验温度下没有发生分解；另一方面，316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt熔融态下也比较稳定，可作为传热蓄热的各种罐体及管道的材质。
2.2　熔盐中的金属离子质量分数变化
采用ICP-MS，对腐蚀前后Solar Salt中的金属离子进行了测试如图3和图4所示。由图3和图4可知，在腐蚀316L和347不锈钢后，Solar Salt中各种金属阳离子质量分数变化趋势基本一致，随腐蚀时间的推进，Cr离子质量分数不断增加，Ni、Fe和Mo的离子质量分数则变化不大。相比腐蚀316L不锈钢，347不锈钢腐蚀后，Solar Salt中Cr离子质量分数较高，Fe和Ni质量分数基本相当，Mo离子质量分数较少，这是因为347不锈钢中Cr元素质量分数较高，同时347不锈钢无Mo元素。不论是腐蚀316L不锈钢，还是腐蚀347不锈钢，Solar Salt都以Cr元素离子质量分数变化最为明显，这是因为Cr比较活泼，会优先于其他金属在熔盐中溶出[19-20]，而347不锈钢的Cr元素更易溶出，说明在Solar Salt中，316L不锈钢的抗腐蚀性能更好。
2.3　316L和347不锈钢腐蚀质量分析
500 ℃时，316L不锈钢和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中腐蚀不同时间的质量变化趋势如图5所示。
由图5可知，在30天内，经Solar Salt腐蚀后，316L和347不锈钢片都呈现腐蚀增重，然而，316L不锈钢的增重呈现先增大后减小的趋势，347不锈钢的增重则一直增大。从质量变化来看，316L不锈钢的耐蚀性较好，故其氧化增重少，347不锈钢的耐蚀性较差，故其氧化增重多，这说明316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率小于347不锈钢。
2.4　316L和347不锈钢腐蚀产物XRD分析
316L和347不锈钢在500 ℃时于Solar Salt中腐蚀0、10、20和30天的表面物相分析如图6和图7所示。腐蚀前316L不锈钢和347不锈钢的主要成分分别额外Cr0.19Fe0.7Ni0.11典型奥氏体结构和Fe-Cr-Ni合金结构[21-22]。
由图6和图7可知，随着腐蚀时间的推进，316L和347不锈钢表面产物的相峰值相对强度有所变化。对于316L不锈钢来说，当腐蚀10天时，表面产生了Fe3O4及少量M(Cr,Fe)2O4含氧酸盐；腐蚀20天时，表面腐蚀产物出现了Fe2O3；腐蚀30天时，Fe2O3进一步增加，Fe3O4则有所减少，此时，M(Cr,Fe)2O4含氧酸盐则基本没有。与316L不锈钢相比，347不锈钢的腐蚀产物仍是以Fe2O3和Fe3O4为主，但其表面并未形成含氧酸盐，这与文献报道结果基本一致[23-24]。含氧酸盐的形成相当于形成防腐薄膜，在一定程度上可以减缓腐蚀的进行，从这个角度来讲，316L不锈钢在Solar Salt中的抗腐蚀性强于347不锈钢。
2.5　316 L不锈钢腐蚀的表面形貌和微区成分
316 L不锈钢在500 ℃时于Solar Salt中腐蚀0、10、20和30天的表面形貌分析如图8所示，图8中相应区域的EDX谱分析结果见表2。
由图8可以看出：未腐蚀时，316L表面比较平滑，结合表面元素分析可知，其表面元素分布比较均匀，与XRD的分析结果一致；在腐蚀10天时，316L不锈钢表面主要形成了针状腐蚀产物，腐蚀20天时，不锈钢表面形成大量针状腐蚀产物以及少量片状腐蚀产物，腐蚀30天时，腐蚀产物的尺寸进一步增大，有不少块状腐蚀产物形成。结合表2可知，316L不锈钢表面的腐蚀产物中均含有大量Fe元素和O元素，随着腐蚀时间的延长，O元素含量增加，这说明其表面生成了更多的氧化物。腐蚀10天时，腐蚀产物中含有少量Cr元素，而随着腐蚀时间的推进，腐蚀20天和30天时，腐蚀产物中的Cr元素含量减少，Cr元素形成了某种化合物溶于Solar Salt熔盐中，这与熔盐中检测到Cr元素含量越来越多的结果一致。
2.6　347不锈钢腐蚀的表面形貌和微区成分
347不锈钢在500 ℃时于Solar Salt中腐蚀0、10、20和30天的表面形貌分析如图9所示。图9中相应区域的EDX分析结果见表3。
从图9中可以看出：不同金属在熔盐中的腐蚀形貌各异；相比316L不锈钢，腐蚀10 d后，347不锈钢表面除了针状腐蚀产物，还有不少片状腐蚀产物，腐蚀20天后，针状腐蚀产物和片状腐蚀产物尺寸均增大，腐蚀30天，大量蓬松的块状物形成。结合表3可知，腐蚀产物中含有大量的Fe元素和O元素，随着腐蚀时间的推进，Fe元素和O元素含量基本平稳，这说明在腐蚀初期，氧化已经完成，然而腐蚀30天后，腐蚀块状物中的Cr元素含量明显增加，此时应该是347不锈钢基体中的Cr元素发生溶出。结合腐蚀金属的形貌变化和腐蚀产物的组成变化，316不锈钢在Solar Salt中的抗腐蚀性能更加优异。
2.7　腐蚀机理
结合熔盐组成的变化和不锈钢表面腐蚀产物及形貌的变化，分别推测了316L和347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的腐蚀机理。316L不锈钢在Solar Salt中腐蚀时，首先腐蚀产物在不锈钢表面不断聚集，在不锈钢表面形成一层产物膜M(Cr,Fe)2O4[23,25]，减缓了不锈钢本体的腐蚀，316L不锈钢在Solar Salt中的腐蚀机理示意如图10所示。347不锈钢在Solar Salt中呈现腐蚀增重，在347不锈钢表面生产Fe2O3和Fe3O4等腐蚀产物，随着腐蚀时间的推进，基体中的Cr元素发生溶出，347不锈钢在Solar Salt中的腐蚀机理示意如图11所示。结合二者的腐蚀机理，316L不锈钢生成了含氧酸膜，一定程度上可以减缓腐蚀的进行，347不锈钢表面并未生成含氧酸膜，腐蚀相应地较为严重。
3　结论
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1）316L和347不锈钢在500 ℃ Solar Salt中均呈现腐蚀增重，316L不锈钢的增重呈现先增大后减小的趋势，347不锈钢的增重则一直增大，说明347腐蚀生成的氧化物更多，316L耐腐蚀性较好。
2）结合熔盐成分的变化以及不锈钢片表面形貌及成分的变化，综合分析可知，347不锈钢更容易被氧化，同时347不锈钢中的Cr元素易发生溶出，316L不锈钢表面形成了含氧酸产物膜，而在347不锈钢腐蚀时并未发现类似的产物膜，产物膜的形成在一定程度上可以减缓其腐蚀速度，故316L不锈钢在Solar Salt中的耐腐蚀性更强。
基金
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  • 国家自然基金区域创新发展联合基金(U22A20213)
  • 青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划；青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室创新平台(2022-ZJ-Y06)
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2023年第52卷第10期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202303369
  • 首发时间：2026-01-26
  • 出版时间：2023-10-25
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  • 修回日期：2023-03-05
基金
国家自然基金区域创新发展联合基金(U22A20213)
青海省“昆仑英才·高端创新创业人才”计划；青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室创新平台(2022-ZJ-Y06)
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    1.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所中国科学院盐湖资源综合高效利用重点实验室，青海　西宁　810008
    2.青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室，青海　西宁　810008
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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