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Article(id=1217836121174758286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836113499177684, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202508006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754064000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-02, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768284357589, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768284357589, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768284357589, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284357589, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217836113499177684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='156', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768284355759, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284424805, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217836403174593046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836113499177684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217836403174593047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836113499177684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=76, endPage=84, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217836121954898841, articleId=1217836121174758286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation study on burner deflection and lifting air retrofit of swirl opposed combustion boiler, columnId=1217836117349548796, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Combustion optimization and intelligent operation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issues of reduced combustion efficiency and increased pollution caused by the easy deposition of pulverized coal particles from lower burners of coal-fired boilers in cold ash hoppers, a CFD numerical simulation method is used to comparatively analyze the boiler combustion characteristics under the working conditions before the supplementary lifting air is applied, when the swirl burners near the side walls are deflected by 5° toward the center of the furnace, and after the supplementary lifting air is applied. The results show that after the supplementary lifting air is applied, the lifting effect on the lower pulverized coal airflow is enhanced, the deposition amount of unburned carbon particles is reduced by 30.5%, and the burnout rate is increased to 99.44%. The deflection of the burners makes the flame narrow and elongated, reduces the temperature of the side walls, but increases the CO concentration in the cold ash hopper. The supplementary lifting air reduces the CO concentration by enhancing the O₂ supply at the bottom. After the lifting air is supplemented, the air staging is significantly intensified, the reducing atmosphere in the main combustion zone is enhanced, and the NO mass concentration (standard condition) at the furnace outlet is reduced from 315.3 mg/m³ to 282.1 mg/m³. The retrofit of theburner deflection and lifting air at the bottom of the boiler can effectively regulate the pulverized coal transport path, inhibit particle sedimentation, and reduce pollutant emissions. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and engineering practice guidance for related boiler transformations.

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针对燃煤锅炉下层燃烧器煤粉颗粒易沉积于冷灰斗导致燃烧效率降低及污染加剧的问题，采用运动流体力学CFD数值模拟方法对比分析了补托举风前、靠近两侧墙的旋流燃烧器角度向炉内中心偏转5°及补托举风后工况下的锅炉燃烧特性。结果表明：补托举风后，下层煤粉气流抬升作用增强，未燃尽碳颗粒沉积量下降30.5%，燃尽率提升至99.44%。燃烧器偏转使火焰窄长化，侧墙温度降低，但冷灰斗CO体积分数升高，补托举风通过增强底部O2供应降低CO体积分数。托举风补入后强化了空气分级，主燃区还原性气氛增强，出口NO质量浓度（标准工况）由315.3 mg/m3降至282.1 mg/m3。燃烧器偏转及锅炉底部托举风改造可有效调控煤粉输运路径，抑制颗粒沉降并降低污染物排放，研究结果可为锅炉相关改造提供理论依据与工程实践指导。

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廖伟辉（1973），男，正高级工程师，主要从事能源工程、发电技术方面的工作，。

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廖伟辉（1973），男，正高级工程师，主要从事能源工程、发电技术方面的工作，。

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廖伟辉（1973），男，正高级工程师，主要从事能源工程、发电技术方面的工作，。

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Energy and Environment, 2022(1): 88-90., articleTitle=NOx emission and problem analysis of a supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836126501523578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836126509912187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, companyId=1217836126501523578, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guangdong Honghaiwan Power Generation Co., Ltd., Shanwei 516000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836126518300796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, companyId=1217836126501523578, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广东红海湾发电有限公司，广东　汕尾　516000)]), 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label=Fig.1, caption=Layout of combustion equipment after supplementary lifting air is applied, figureFileSmall=cpATrVyBwimiemBSrlNl5g==, figureFileBig=30tfV5HIAe986qwgLD2WCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132285469025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图1, caption=补燃托举风后燃烧设备布置, figureFileSmall=cpATrVyBwimiemBSrlNl5g==, figureFileBig=30tfV5HIAe986qwgLD2WCw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132490989931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Full furnace structure and mesh division, figureFileSmall=BWG0dT1j0+B3PuwnzpdKZw==, figureFileBig=Us0IL7R6gxsNEkIyr0EM0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132562293103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图2, caption=全炉膛结构和网格, figureFileSmall=BWG0dT1j0+B3PuwnzpdKZw==, figureFileBig=Us0IL7R6gxsNEkIyr0EM0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132667150707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mesh division for the burner zone, figureFileSmall=yJrhwXPhIbDNOjbap+crwg==, figureFileBig=5ZEv/pJcdLToyTWAzK09dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132772008314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图3, caption=燃烧器区域网格, figureFileSmall=yJrhwXPhIbDNOjbap+crwg==, figureFileBig=5ZEv/pJcdLToyTWAzK09dQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132855894399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Mesh independence verification, figureFileSmall=4YNhJfR/NIFMSyaBERctrA==, figureFileBig=xnIfd3klANyN6cWkR9UilQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836132948169091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图4, caption=网格无关性验证, figureFileSmall=4YNhJfR/NIFMSyaBERctrA==, figureFileBig=xnIfd3klANyN6cWkR9UilQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836133040443783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Velocity contour of the central section of the boiler furnace, figureFileSmall=7+7QBzbMsbsHqkXODyFZzA==, figureFileBig=zEiLIlPhpNeSWfmdj13O6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836133166272906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图5, caption=锅炉炉膛中心截面速度云图, figureFileSmall=7+7QBzbMsbsHqkXODyFZzA==, figureFileBig=zEiLIlPhpNeSWfmdj13O6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836133254353293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Velocity contour of the central section of the lower, middle and upper burners of the boiler, figureFileSmall=Z1Yq3oHVV5t2DwEqZPYi4A==, figureFileBig=swksIaXZzOGchHhPlmcubQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836133338239377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图6, caption=锅炉下、中、上层燃烧器中心截面速度云图, figureFileSmall=Z1Yq3oHVV5t2DwEqZPYi4A==, figureFileBig=swksIaXZzOGchHhPlmcubQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836133388571028, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Temperature contour of the central section of the boiler furnace, figureFileSmall=AHfwmZgJe8fJlJcWMf02tg==, figureFileBig=2oVQGAdMNXAqJZbVd+CAOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836133451485593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=图7, caption=锅炉炉膛中心截面温度云图, figureFileSmall=AHfwmZgJe8fJlJcWMf02tg==, 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caption=

Comparison between the simulation results and the field measurements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出口NO质量浓度/(mg·m–3)出口CO体积分数/(µL·L–1)飞灰含碳量/%
实测值310.03001.97
模拟值315.32851.73
), ArticleFig(id=1217836135963873739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836121174758286, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模拟结果与现场实测结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
出口NO质量浓度/(mg·m–3)出口CO体积分数/(µL·L–1)飞灰含碳量/%
实测值310.03001.97
模拟值315.32851.73
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旋流对冲燃烧锅炉燃烧器偏转及托举风改造数值模拟研究
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廖伟辉 1 , 张翠华 1 , 赖景暖 1 , 唐嘉宏 1 , 吕兴城 1 , 阮志龙 1 , 张姗 2 , 马帅 2 , 方庆艳 2 , 姚斌 2
热力发电 | 燃烧优化与智能运行 2025,54(12): 76-84
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热力发电 | 燃烧优化与智能运行 2025, 54(12): 76-84
旋流对冲燃烧锅炉燃烧器偏转及托举风改造数值模拟研究
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廖伟辉1 , 张翠华1, 赖景暖1, 唐嘉宏1, 吕兴城1, 阮志龙1, 张姗2, 马帅2, 方庆艳2, 姚斌2
作者信息
  • 1.广东红海湾发电有限公司，广东　汕尾　516000
  • 2.华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074

    • 廖伟辉（1973），男，正高级工程师，主要从事能源工程、发电技术方面的工作，。

Numerical simulation study on burner deflection and lifting air retrofit of swirl opposed combustion boiler
Weihui LIAO1 , Cuihua ZHANG1, Jingnuan LAI1, Jiahong TANG1, Xingcheng LYU1, Zhilong RUAN1, Shan ZHANG2, Shuai MA2, Qingyan FANG2, Bin YAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangdong Honghaiwan Power Generation Co., Ltd., Shanwei 516000, China
  • 2.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508006
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摘要
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针对燃煤锅炉下层燃烧器煤粉颗粒易沉积于冷灰斗导致燃烧效率降低及污染加剧的问题，采用运动流体力学CFD数值模拟方法对比分析了补托举风前、靠近两侧墙的旋流燃烧器角度向炉内中心偏转5°及补托举风后工况下的锅炉燃烧特性。结果表明：补托举风后，下层煤粉气流抬升作用增强，未燃尽碳颗粒沉积量下降30.5%，燃尽率提升至99.44%。燃烧器偏转使火焰窄长化，侧墙温度降低，但冷灰斗CO体积分数升高，补托举风通过增强底部O2供应降低CO体积分数。托举风补入后强化了空气分级，主燃区还原性气氛增强，出口NO质量浓度（标准工况）由315.3 mg/m3降至282.1 mg/m3。燃烧器偏转及锅炉底部托举风改造可有效调控煤粉输运路径，抑制颗粒沉降并降低污染物排放，研究结果可为锅炉相关改造提供理论依据与工程实践指导。

燃烧器偏转  /  托举风  /  未燃尽碳颗粒  /  数值模拟

To address the issues of reduced combustion efficiency and increased pollution caused by the easy deposition of pulverized coal particles from lower burners of coal-fired boilers in cold ash hoppers, a CFD numerical simulation method is used to comparatively analyze the boiler combustion characteristics under the working conditions before the supplementary lifting air is applied, when the swirl burners near the side walls are deflected by 5° toward the center of the furnace, and after the supplementary lifting air is applied. The results show that after the supplementary lifting air is applied, the lifting effect on the lower pulverized coal airflow is enhanced, the deposition amount of unburned carbon particles is reduced by 30.5%, and the burnout rate is increased to 99.44%. The deflection of the burners makes the flame narrow and elongated, reduces the temperature of the side walls, but increases the CO concentration in the cold ash hopper. The supplementary lifting air reduces the CO concentration by enhancing the O₂ supply at the bottom. After the lifting air is supplemented, the air staging is significantly intensified, the reducing atmosphere in the main combustion zone is enhanced, and the NO mass concentration (standard condition) at the furnace outlet is reduced from 315.3 mg/m³ to 282.1 mg/m³. The retrofit of theburner deflection and lifting air at the bottom of the boiler can effectively regulate the pulverized coal transport path, inhibit particle sedimentation, and reduce pollutant emissions. The research results can provide a theoretical basis and engineering practice guidance for related boiler transformations.

burner deflection  /  lifting air  /  unburned carbon particles  /  numerical simulation
廖伟辉, 张翠华, 赖景暖, 唐嘉宏, 吕兴城, 阮志龙, 张姗, 马帅, 方庆艳, 姚斌. 旋流对冲燃烧锅炉燃烧器偏转及托举风改造数值模拟研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (12) : 76 -84 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508006
Weihui LIAO, Cuihua ZHANG, Jingnuan LAI, Jiahong TANG, Xingcheng LYU, Zhilong RUAN, Shan ZHANG, Shuai MA, Qingyan FANG, Bin YAO. Numerical simulation study on burner deflection and lifting air retrofit of swirl opposed combustion boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (12) : 76 -84 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508006
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燃煤锅炉运行中，煤粉颗粒的输运与燃烧特性直接关联机组效率及污染物排放水平[1-5]。下层燃烧器出口煤粉颗粒因燃烧器结构参数、二次风动力特性及炉内流场分布失衡等因素，其运动轨迹易向冷灰斗区域偏移[6-9]。未燃尽煤粉粒子在对冲燃烧过程中因动量衰减与气流裹挟作用向下迁移，被冷灰斗壁面捕获形成显著沉积，造成机械不完全燃烧损失增加、炉渣可燃物含量升高，同时加剧冷灰斗区域结焦与高温腐蚀风险[10-13]。传统燃烧优化手段（如调整配风或燃烧器倾角）虽可改善局部流场，但对已形成的下行煤粉颗粒调控效果有限[14-15]。基于气固两相流动力学理论，补入托举风气流可通过增强垂直方向气流动能，对下沉颗粒形成动态抬升效应，促使其沿炉膛中心轴线迁移并延长高温区停留时间，从而降低冷灰斗沉积与未燃碳损失[9,16]。以某燃煤锅炉为研究对象，通过数值模拟方法系统分析了补入托举风前后炉内气固流动特性，重点分析流场结构、温度场分布、组分场演变及CO2/O2体积分数空间分布的数值模拟结果，揭示了托举风对煤粉输运路径的调控机制及其对燃烧效率与污染物生成的影响，为燃煤锅炉燃烧优化与清洁运行提供理论依据与工程实践指导。
1　研究方法
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1.1　研究对象
研究对象为东方锅炉股份有限公司设计制造的一台660 MW超超临界参数直流燃煤锅炉，采用单炉膛Π型结构设计并露天安装，燃烧系统采用对冲式布置方案。配备有固态排渣装置并采用平衡通风方式，整体采用全钢架悬吊式承重体系。为强化全炉膛高度方向的深度分级燃烧，有效提高燃尽率，减少未燃尽煤粉粒子在冷灰斗区域的沉积，在锅炉下层燃烧器底部布置一层直流托举风喷口（前、后墙各12只），每2只托举风喷口对称布置在燃烧器两侧，且各层燃烧器在炉膛侧壁安装时均向中心轴线倾斜角度5°。完成补风系统改进后，燃料特性与燃烧器规格仍与优化前保持一致，具体结构配置如图1所示。
1.2　数值模拟仿真分析
1.2.1　几何模型及网格划分
基于锅炉实际结构特征，采用GAMBIT等前处理软件构建全尺寸炉膛三维几何模型。该模型在垂直维度上划分为4个典型区域：底部冷灰斗结构、中部燃烧核心区（含与水冷壁集成布置的燃烧器单元）、上部燃尽室空间及末端水平烟道处。为了保证关键区域的计算精度，并减少整体网格数量，对网格密度进行差异化设置，在燃烧器和燃尽区采用加密网格，冷灰斗与水平烟道则使用疏松网格。针对不同密度网格的连接问题，相邻区域通过渐变的网格比例实现平滑过渡，燃烧器与水冷壁交界处同步采用相同处理方式，确保网格协调性。全炉膛划分网格及燃烧器区域网格见图2、图3。
网格数量对数值模拟结果的准确性也有巨大影响。考虑到计算精度和计算效率，对锅炉模型进行网格无关性验证，网格数量依次为3 076 288、4 499 124和5 326 146，结果见图4。将网格数由3 076 288细化为4 499 124时，沿炉膛高度方向温度分布在燃尽区产生明显偏差，将网格进一步细化为5 326 146时，沿炉膛高度方向上温度分布差异较小，综合考虑计算成本与精度，最终选用网格单元数为4 499 124的网格。
1.2.2　计算工况设置
1）补托举风前工况　锅炉满负荷运行，燃烧器不偏转且燃烧器底部不增设托举风。将燃烧器送风通道统一定义为质量流量入口条件，壁面设置为无滑移的温度边界，根据锅炉运行参数对炉膛各区段进行差异化处理，结合区域热负荷分布特征配置对应的表面温度与辐射系数，同时将出口边界设置为稳态工况下的–50 Pa静压条件。
2）偏转5°工况　每层四周上燃烧器朝炉膛中心轴线方向偏移5°布置，运行参数和边界条件均与补风前工况保持一致。
3）补托举风后工况　在锅炉燃烧器偏转5°的基础上于燃烧器底部增设托举风，托举风的风速为50 m/s，通过中心与外二次风分流引入，保持燃烧器燃尽风供给与炉膛总进风量参数不变。
1.2.3　模型验证
利用现场实测数据对改造前锅炉满负荷模型（补托举风前工况）的可靠性进行验证，结果见表1。由表1可以看出，模拟结果和测试数据吻合良好，炉膛出口NO排放预测值为315.3 mg/m³（标准工况，下同），实测值为310.0 mg/m³，相对误差仅1.71%，炉膛出口CO与实测数据的相对误差为5%，表明该数值模型具有较高可靠性。
2　结果与讨论
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2.1　炉内流场分布
图5和图6为补托举风前、偏转5°及补托举风后锅炉炉膛各截面速度分布云图。从图5、图6中可看出，在前后墙燃烧器对冲布置工况下，炉内流体运动呈现出主体流动方向为垂直向上的特征，炉内流场充满度良好且分布均匀，同时沿炉体高度方向呈现流速梯度上升规律。在折焰角下部区域，气流速度分布基本均匀对称，燃烧器喷口区域初始流速显著，且沿程下降较为明显。因对冲流场形成的垂直上升气流的存在，下层燃烧器喷射的气流稳定性较好，中层燃烧器次之，上层最弱。在燃尽区因湍流扰动显著延长了煤粉滞留时间，从而有效促进热质交换过程，提升整体燃烧效能。
进一步对比可以发现偏转燃烧器射入的气流刚性强，速度场径向距离较大，有利于风粉充分混合，且两股射流在中心区域交汇并上升，有效降低高速气流对水冷壁侧向受热面的冲刷效应。在下层燃烧器底部区域施加托举风时，其出口射流的动力学参数显著变化，流动特征呈现明显的轨迹偏移。补风的高速射流能够有效抬升下层燃烧器喷出的煤粉气流，煤粉粒子从燃烧器喷出后，朝着炉膛中央区域流动并对冲上升，有效抑制了未燃尽煤粉粒子的沉降，避免了其在底部过早沉积。
2.2　炉内温度场分布
图7和图8为补托举风前、偏转5°及补托举风后锅炉炉膛各截面温度分布云图。从图7可知，炉内火焰分布较为均匀，煤粉在中心区域充分燃烧，因此高温核心区集中分布在炉膛中心位置。煤粉燃烧过程包含主燃烧区与燃尽区2个阶段，其中主燃烧区热力学条件显著，温度普遍高于1 700 K，该区域内煤粉发生剧烈的氧化放热反应。未完全燃烧的碳颗粒和一氧化碳气体的氧化过程发生在燃尽区中，在此阶段燃烧强度逐渐减弱，温度相较于主燃烧区普遍偏低，但仍保持在一个较高的水平，确保未燃尽的成分能够得到充分氧化和转化。在燃烧器偏转及增加底部送风工况下，主燃烧区整体温度降低，燃烧器底部提升气流的介入促使高温核心区向炉膛中上部迁移，驱动煤粉主要在中上部燃烧区段和燃尽区燃烧。
由图8可以看出，炉膛的高温区主要集中在中、上层燃烧器区域，这一高温区域能够有效提高煤粉的燃烧效率，促进火焰在炉膛中的扩展和温度均匀分布。受主燃烧区高温的作用，炉膛侧墙区域温度亦显著升高，普遍超过1 500 K。进一步对比发现偏转燃烧器的火焰形状变窄变长，这保证了对冲锅炉炉膛的充满度，且煤粉向炉膛中心集中燃烧，侧墙附近的温度降低。在补入托举风后，下层燃烧器区域温度小幅下降，这源于底部补风的作用，其使得该层燃烧器出口射流上升速率增大，导致煤粉燃烧过程后移。
2.3　炉内组分场分布
2.3.1　炉内CO体积分数分布
图9为补托举风前、偏转5°及补托举风后锅炉炉膛中心截面CO体积分数分布。由图9可知：燃烧器出口周边CO体积分数较高，表明主燃区位于炉膛中心位置，该区域氧量消耗剧烈，此区域煤粉燃烧处于缺氧条件，在燃烧器区域，煤粉因氧量供应受限而发生不完全燃烧，产生大量CO；当烟气通过燃尽风层时，引入的充足空气形成富氧环境，促使未燃尽颗粒完全燃烧，同时将CO氧化为CO2，致使此处CO体积分数急剧下降并趋于零。
图10为补托举风前、偏转5°及补托举风后锅炉下、中、上层燃烧器中心截面CO体积分数分布。由图10可知，在三层燃烧器结构中，煤粉不完全燃烧及其对应的CO高体积分数区空间分布呈现明显梯度：下层煤粉不完全燃烧最为显著，中层次之，上层则相对轻微。在将燃烧器偏转5°后，冷灰斗区域CO体积分数呈现上升趋势。这主要归因于两侧喷口角度变化引起煤粉颗粒碰撞，致使部分颗粒迁移至该区域，引发燃烧恶化，在还原性气氛下推动CO体积分数累积增长。补托举风后冷灰斗区域CO体积分数明显降低，这是由于托举风补入增加了下层燃烧器底部区域的氧气供应，从而抑制了CO的生成。
2.3.2　炉内O2体积分数分布
图11和图12为补托举风前、偏转5°及补托举风后锅炉炉膛各截面O2体积分数分布图。由图11、图12可知，燃烧器出口轴向核心区及出口附近处的O2体积分数显著降低，主要源于燃料与空气在此快速混合并剧烈燃烧，造成氧气大量消耗，形成贫氧富燃料环境，同时出口两侧氧气体积分数维持较高水平，但沿轴向呈现梯度降低，符合实际燃烧过程规律。
在燃尽风注入到炉膛之后，烟气中O2体积分数显著上升，促使未燃尽煤粉二次燃烧并同步氧化CO至CO2，显著提升该区域的氧耗水平。因此，尽管最初O2体积分数有所回升，但很快又因为上述反应而再次降低。进一步对比发现，补入托举风为燃烧器底部区域供应了额外的氧O2，使该区域O2体积分数有所升高。
2.4　下层燃烧器煤粉颗粒参数对比
图13为补风前、偏转5°和补风后沉积到冷灰斗区域壁面的锅炉煤粉颗粒数量和燃尽率。可以发现，补托举风前、偏转5°和补托举风后沉积到冷灰斗区域壁面的锅炉颗粒数量分别为3 332、2 962和2 316，燃尽率分别为50.83%、54.89%和74.28%。相较补托举风前，偏转5°工况中粒子沉积到冷灰斗的数量下降了11.1%，燃尽率变化不大；补托举风后粒子沉积到冷灰斗中的数量下降了30.5%，燃尽率提高了23.45百分点。补托举风前和燃烧器偏转工况下，靠近冷灰斗处普遍氧气体积分数较低，影响了燃料的完全燃烧。补入托举风不仅能够托起下层燃烧器喷出的煤粉气流，有效改善未燃尽煤粉粒子沉积现象，还为燃烧器底部区域提供了额外的空气支持，增加了的O2体积分数，促进了这些滞留在冷灰斗区域煤粉的充分燃烧，使得冷灰斗中沉积的未燃尽含碳灰渣含量有所降低。
2.5　炉膛出口参数对比
图14为补托举风前、偏转5°和补托举风后全炉膛燃尽率和出口NO质量浓度。可以发现，补托举风前、偏转5°和补风托举后锅炉全炉膛燃尽率分别为98.41%、99.11%和99.44%。通过在下层燃烧器下侧引入托举风可显著提升全炉膛燃尽率，优化燃烧工况，并通过增强煤粉颗粒的随流输运效率改善燃烧组织形态。
补托举风前和燃烧器偏转5°工况，锅炉出口NO质量浓度基本一致，分别为315.3、316.3 mg/m3；补托举风后锅炉出口NO质量浓度明显降低，由补托举风前的315.3 mg/m3下降至282.1 mg/m3。这是由于补托举风前和燃烧器偏转5°锅炉的下层燃烧器气流有向下流动趋势，主燃区氧气体积分数较高，生成CO较少，还原性气氛较弱，锅炉出口NO生成量较多。增设托举风后，下层燃烧器底部新增一级空气分级，致使煤粉颗粒主燃区更易不完全燃烧，进而在一定程度上提高了CO体积分数，同时锅炉出口处的氮氧化物排放显著降低。
3　结论
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以对冲燃烧燃煤锅炉为研究对象，依据其实际结构特征、几何尺寸及空间布置，提出了对冲燃烧燃煤锅炉托举风设计方案，构建了精细化几何模型并完成网格划分，选择适当的数学模型对比了补入托举风前后炉内流场、温度场、组分场分布情况及下层燃烧器煤粉颗粒和炉膛出口参数的数值模拟结果，主要结论如下。
1）对比补托举风前、燃烧器偏转5°和补托举风后锅炉流场模拟结果发现，燃烧器偏转5°增强了射流刚性，扩大速度场径向分布，降低侧墙冲刷效应；补入托举风后，高速射流有效抬升下层煤粉气流，促进颗粒向炉膛中心对流上升，显著抑制未燃尽颗粒沉降。
2）对比补托举风前、燃烧器偏转5°和补托举风后锅炉温度场模拟结果发现，燃烧器偏转使火焰窄长化，煤粉在中心处富集燃烧导致侧墙热负荷减弱，引入托举风后下层燃烧器射流受底部进风驱动加速上升，致使该燃烧区温度下降，高温区上移显著提升燃尽区热强度。
3）对比补托举风前、燃烧器偏转5°和补托举风后锅炉CO体积分数分布模拟结果发现，由于煤粉扩散燃烧不完全，燃烧器偏转导致冷灰斗区域CO体积分数升高，补托举风后通过增强底部O2供应降低该区域CO体积分数。
4）补托举风前，煤粉颗粒易偏向冷灰斗区域，导致未燃尽沉积颗粒数量高、燃尽率低。燃烧器偏转5°工况使未燃尽沉积颗粒数量下降11.1%，沉积颗粒燃尽率未显著变化，但全炉膛燃尽率提升；补入托举风后，未燃尽沉积颗粒数量下降30.5%，沉积颗粒燃尽率与全炉膛燃尽率均大幅提升。托举风通过抬升下层燃烧器底部气流，促使煤粉颗粒随主气流上升，显著降低冷灰斗沉降概率，同时底部补入的额外空气提高了燃烧器区域氧量，促进煤粉充分燃烧。
5）补托举风前与燃烧器偏转工况出口NO质量浓度相近，约315 mg/m3。在增设托举风后，下层燃烧器底部新增一级空气分级，强化了主燃区的还原条件，使出口氮氧化物质量浓度降至282.1 mg/m3。
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2025年第54卷第12期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202508006
  • 接收时间：2025-08-02
  • 首发时间：2026-01-13
  • 出版时间：2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-08-02
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    1.广东红海湾发电有限公司，广东　汕尾　516000
    2.华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院，湖北　武汉　430074
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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