Article(id=1217836119362814826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836113499177684, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202503053, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743004800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768284357157, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1766592000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768284357157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768284357157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284357157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217836113499177684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='12', pageStart='1', pageEnd='156', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768284355759, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284424805, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217836403174593046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836113499177684, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217836403174593047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836113499177684, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=94, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217836119631250300, articleId=1217836119362814826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Optimization of thermoelectric load distribution in coupled multi-unit heating modes based on particle swarm algorithm, columnId=1217836117349548796, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Combustion optimization and intelligent operation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

When multiple units are used for combined heating, the distribution of thermoelectric loads among the units significantly affects overall energy consumption. For a thermal power plant where Unit 1 and Unit 3 adopt a dual-mode coupled heat-supply method with zero output of the low-pressure cylinder and steam extraction, and Unit 2 and Unit 4 adopt a triple-mode coupled heat-supply method with high back-pressure, heat pump, and steam extraction, an off-design condition model was established using EBSILON software. The thermoelectric characteristics and energy consumption characteristics were analyzed by adjusting parameters such as main steam flow, zero output steam volume of the low-pressure cylinder, heat supply power of the heat pump, and high-back-pressure heat-supply flow rate. The operational boundaries of electrical and thermal loads and the relationship between coal consumption and thermoelectric load were fitted using the least squares method. Under the fixed boundary conditions for the entire plant’s heating load and power supply load, the optimization of thermoelectric load distribution was achieved using particle swarm optimization. The results indicate that large-capacity high back pressure heat pump units should provide heat load, and small-capacity high back pressure heat pump units should provide electric load. After optimization, the total coal consumption of the whole plant was reduced by 0.6~10.0 t/h, resulting in a degree of optimization of 0.3%~3.9%.

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多台机组联合供热时,机组间的热电负荷分配对全局能耗有重要影响。针对某电厂1号、3号机组为低压缸零出力、抽汽的双模式耦合供热,2号、4号机组为高背压、热泵、抽汽的三模式耦合供热的热电厂,使用EBSILON软件建立了变工况模型,通过调整主蒸汽流量、低压缸零出力汽量、热泵供热功率、高背压供热流量等参数,分析其热电特性和能耗特性,采用最小二乘法拟合电负荷和热负荷的运行边界以及煤耗量与热电负荷的关系,在全厂供热负荷和供电负荷固定的边界条件下通过粒子群算法优化热电负荷分配。结果表明:安排大容量高背压热泵机组提供热负荷,小容量高背压热泵机组提供电负荷时总煤耗量更低;优化后的全厂总煤耗量比优化前降低0.6~10.0 t/h,优化程度为0.3%~3.9%。

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文珏(1991),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂节能,

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文珏(1991),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂节能,

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文珏(1991),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂节能,

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Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2019, 53(9): 159-166., articleTitle=Optimizing heat-power load distribution of thermal power plants based on particle swarm algorithm, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217836129483669821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836119362814826, awardId=52406019, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52406019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217836130746155327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836119362814826, awardId=52406019, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52406019), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217836130838430019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836119362814826, awardId=E2022502052, language=EN, fundingSource=Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2022502052), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217836130934899014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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Equipment parameters of the unit

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项目一期
机组参数
二期
机组参数
额定功率/MW200300
额定主蒸汽压力/MPa12.75016.700
额定主蒸汽温度/℃535537
额定再热蒸汽压力/MPa2.1773.140
额定再热蒸汽温度/℃535537
额定背压/kPa1615
额定新蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)611.08956.10
最大新蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)690.001 100.00
额定供热工况主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)659.701 045.00
额定供热抽汽量/(t·h–1)390.00500.00
额定供热抽汽压力/MPa0.2940.400
额定供热发电机功率/MW164.500258.000
最大供热主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)690.001 045.00
最大供热抽汽量/(t·h–1)450.00600.00
最大供热供热抽汽压力/MPa0.2940.400
最大供热发电机功率/MW167.518243.000
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机组设备参数

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项目一期
机组参数
二期
机组参数
额定功率/MW200300
额定主蒸汽压力/MPa12.75016.700
额定主蒸汽温度/℃535537
额定再热蒸汽压力/MPa2.1773.140
额定再热蒸汽温度/℃535537
额定背压/kPa1615
额定新蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)611.08956.10
最大新蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)690.001 100.00
额定供热工况主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)659.701 045.00
额定供热抽汽量/(t·h–1)390.00500.00
额定供热抽汽压力/MPa0.2940.400
额定供热发电机功率/MW164.500258.000
最大供热主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)690.001 045.00
最大供热抽汽量/(t·h–1)450.00600.00
最大供热供热抽汽压力/MPa0.2940.400
最大供热发电机功率/MW167.518243.000
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Fitting results of the unit coal consumption and thermal and power load

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机组编号拟合结果R2
1B1=15.480–0.016 72Q1+0.251 8P1+2.660×10–4Q1P10.998 4
2B2=2.417+0.115 8Q2+0.154 1P2–9.806×10–6Q2P20.999 4
3B3=6.543+0.066 95Q3+0.296 6P3–6.003×10–5Q3P30.999 9
4B4=–1.051+0.114 0Q4+0.203 8P4–3.072×10–5Q4P40.997 4
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机组煤耗量与热、电负荷拟合结果

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机组编号拟合结果R2
1B1=15.480–0.016 72Q1+0.251 8P1+2.660×10–4Q1P10.998 4
2B2=2.417+0.115 8Q2+0.154 1P2–9.806×10–6Q2P20.999 4
3B3=6.543+0.066 95Q3+0.296 6P3–6.003×10–5Q3P30.999 9
4B4=–1.051+0.114 0Q4+0.203 8P4–3.072×10–5Q4P40.997 4
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Four calculation conditions for optimization

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项目热负荷/MW电负荷/MW
方案11 200610
方案21 100540
方案31 000480
方案4900400
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4种寻优计算工况

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项目热负荷/MW电负荷/MW
方案11 200610
方案21 100540
方案31 000480
方案4900400
), ArticleFig(id=1217836129257177392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836119362814826, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The degree of optimization of the total coal consumption of each scheme

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项目总煤耗量/(t·h–1)优化程度/%
常规方案1259.23.9
优化后方案1249.2
常规方案2234.32.4
优化后方案2228.7
常规方案3209.30.8
优化后方案3207.6
常规方案4184.30.3
优化后方案4183.7
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各方案总煤耗量优化程度

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项目总煤耗量/(t·h–1)优化程度/%
常规方案1259.23.9
优化后方案1249.2
常规方案2234.32.4
优化后方案2228.7
常规方案3209.30.8
优化后方案3207.6
常规方案4184.30.3
优化后方案4183.7
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基于粒子群算法的多机组供热模式耦合热电负荷分配优化
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文珏 1 , 施宏波 1 , 薛康康 1 , 薛小军 2 , 袁威 3 , 曹超 1 , 张乐天 1
热力发电 | 燃烧优化与智能运行 2025,54(12): 94-101
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热力发电 | 燃烧优化与智能运行 2025, 54(12): 94-101
基于粒子群算法的多机组供热模式耦合热电负荷分配优化
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文珏1 , 施宏波1, 薛康康1, 薛小军2, 袁威3, 曹超1, 张乐天1
作者信息
  • 1.中国大唐集团科学技术研究总院有限公司西北电力试验研究院,陕西 西安 710021
  • 2.山西大学电力与建筑学院,山西 太原 030031
  • 3.华北电力大学动力工程系,河北 保定 071003
  • 文珏(1991),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂节能,

Optimization of thermoelectric load distribution in coupled multi-unit heating modes based on particle swarm algorithm
Jue WEN1 , Hongbo SHI1, Kangkang XUE1, Xiaojun XUE2, Wei YUAN3, Chao CAO1, Letian ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.Northwest Electric Power Test and Research Institute of China Datang Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710021, China
  • 2.School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030031, China
  • 3.School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
出版时间: 2025-12-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503053
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多台机组联合供热时,机组间的热电负荷分配对全局能耗有重要影响。针对某电厂1号、3号机组为低压缸零出力、抽汽的双模式耦合供热,2号、4号机组为高背压、热泵、抽汽的三模式耦合供热的热电厂,使用EBSILON软件建立了变工况模型,通过调整主蒸汽流量、低压缸零出力汽量、热泵供热功率、高背压供热流量等参数,分析其热电特性和能耗特性,采用最小二乘法拟合电负荷和热负荷的运行边界以及煤耗量与热电负荷的关系,在全厂供热负荷和供电负荷固定的边界条件下通过粒子群算法优化热电负荷分配。结果表明:安排大容量高背压热泵机组提供热负荷,小容量高背压热泵机组提供电负荷时总煤耗量更低;优化后的全厂总煤耗量比优化前降低0.6~10.0 t/h,优化程度为0.3%~3.9%。

粒子群算法  /  热电负荷分配  /  多机组耦合供热  /  供热特性  /  全厂总煤耗

When multiple units are used for combined heating, the distribution of thermoelectric loads among the units significantly affects overall energy consumption. For a thermal power plant where Unit 1 and Unit 3 adopt a dual-mode coupled heat-supply method with zero output of the low-pressure cylinder and steam extraction, and Unit 2 and Unit 4 adopt a triple-mode coupled heat-supply method with high back-pressure, heat pump, and steam extraction, an off-design condition model was established using EBSILON software. The thermoelectric characteristics and energy consumption characteristics were analyzed by adjusting parameters such as main steam flow, zero output steam volume of the low-pressure cylinder, heat supply power of the heat pump, and high-back-pressure heat-supply flow rate. The operational boundaries of electrical and thermal loads and the relationship between coal consumption and thermoelectric load were fitted using the least squares method. Under the fixed boundary conditions for the entire plant’s heating load and power supply load, the optimization of thermoelectric load distribution was achieved using particle swarm optimization. The results indicate that large-capacity high back pressure heat pump units should provide heat load, and small-capacity high back pressure heat pump units should provide electric load. After optimization, the total coal consumption of the whole plant was reduced by 0.6~10.0 t/h, resulting in a degree of optimization of 0.3%~3.9%.

particle swarm optimization  /  thermoelectric load distribution  /  multi-unit coupled heating  /  heating characteristics  /  total coal consumption of the whole plant
文珏, 施宏波, 薛康康, 薛小军, 袁威, 曹超, 张乐天. 基于粒子群算法的多机组供热模式耦合热电负荷分配优化. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (12) : 94 -101 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503053
Jue WEN, Hongbo SHI, Kangkang XUE, Xiaojun XUE, Wei YUAN, Chao CAO, Letian ZHANG. Optimization of thermoelectric load distribution in coupled multi-unit heating modes based on particle swarm algorithm[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (12) : 94 -101 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503053
北方地区发电机组多为抽汽供热的热电联产机组,通常遵循“以热定电”运行原则[1-4]。深度调峰背景下,为提升机组热电解耦能力,很多机组实施了高背压供热、热泵供热、低压缸零出力供热等多种改造方式[5-10]。每种供热方式能耗特性有所区别,各种供热方式在不同负荷段的能耗优势发生变化[11-13]。针对一厂多机、多种供热方式结合的情况,在满足整厂对外热电负荷需求时,如何优化各机组间的热电负荷分配、实现整厂能耗最低是一个重要课题,这在我国北方地区具有较好的应用前景。
范志强等[14]针对低压缸零出力改造后的供热机组建立数学模型,发现当主蒸汽量为957.6 t/h时,供热量比常规抽凝供热模式提高了16.25%。张德利等[15]对2台机组、4种供热方式共9种灵活性供热模式进行负荷分配的优化分析,寻找不同供热负荷下的经济供热模式。杨志平等[16]在考虑调峰和碳交易收益的背景下对热电联产机组热电负荷分配进行优化研究,结果表明调峰收益占比最高可达50.6%,碳交易收益占比最高可达5.54%。周霞等[17]建立了350 MW热电联产机组耦合蒸汽压缩储热系统以及耦合电锅炉储热系统的调峰性能计算模型,结果表明耦合2种系统的机组供电功率均可大幅降低。高新勇等[18]对5台热电联产机组和2个供热热网构成的热电联产电站进行了研究,结果表明优化后可以使全厂总煤耗量降低约3.1~13.6 t/h,占各自总煤耗量的0.97%~2.27%。吴涛等[19]提出一种新的不同供热负荷、发电负荷下的供热煤耗率和发电煤耗率的计算方法,可准确计算出热电联产机组的实时成本和利润,并优化得到给定供热负荷下总利润最大的发电负荷分配方式。石慧等[20]建立了3种供热模式的多机组电厂热负荷优化分配模型,最优模型需保证高背压供热机组背压始终保持高值。丁衡等[21]基于多目标灰狼优化算法对某600 MW双机热电联供系统进行多目标热电负荷优化分配研究,结果表明在多目标优化下提升系统经济性的同时其可再生能源消纳能力将会减弱。
现有热电负荷分配研究针对的机组供热模式单一,缺乏多机组供热模式耦合的研究内容,当考虑多机组供热模式耦合时,热电负荷优化问题的维度提升、约束增多,整体复杂性提高,其结果又为热电联产电厂迫切所需,可以降低运行难度,节约全厂煤耗量。本文以实际进行过多重供热改造(热泵、高背压、低压缸零出力)的热电联产电厂为研究对象,根据供热模型与优化算法结合的方法解决热电负荷分配问题,采用EBSILON软件建模并分析供热特性,以全厂总煤耗最低为优化目标,通过粒子群优化算法(particle swarm optimization,PSO)进行不同负荷下热电负荷优化分配研究,为多机组供热模式耦合的热电联产电厂优化运行提供参考。
本文以山西省某热电厂为例进行研究,该热电厂共有4台空冷机组。一期2台200 MW机组,CZK200/160-12.7/0.294/535/535型一次中间再热、三缸两排汽、直接空冷、可调整抽汽供热凝汽式汽机。二期2台300 MW机组,CZK300-16.67/537/537型亚临界、单轴、两缸两排汽、一次中间再热、直接空冷、抽汽供热凝汽式汽轮机。一期和二期机组的设备参数见表1
4台机组原设计为中排抽汽供热,后均进行了热泵供热改造。
1号、3号机组还另外进行了低压缸零出力改造,2号、4号机组还另外进行了高背压改造。目前全厂供热系统结构如图1所示。
低压缸零出力供热模式和高背压供热模式可以充分利用机组的冷凝热,从节能角度考虑应优先采用这2种供热模式加热热网循环水。但这2种模式可以提供的供热温度有上限,一般为70~85 ℃。当需要的供热温度更高时,则需要投入热泵供热模式。此模式可以将热网循环水温度提升至120 ℃左右。特别当电网要求深度调峰时,则应优先使用低压缸零出力模式供热以降低电负荷。因此,本研究中将1号、3号机组简化为低压缸零出力、抽汽的双模式耦合供热系统,2号、4机号组简化为高背压、热泵、抽汽的三模式耦合供热系统。
在某一主蒸汽流量下,电负荷和热负荷相互限制,并且呈现关联性。通过EBSILON软件对4台机组建模,当改变机组的主蒸汽流量、低压缸零出力汽量、热泵供热功率、高背压供热流量等参数,可以得到其热电特性,图2为3号机组和4号机组的供热模型。
热电特性图可反映机组的供热和发电的运行界限,图3为4台机组的热电特性。1号、3号机组为低压缸零出力机组,其运行边界由锅炉最大、最小蒸发量和低压缸最小冷却流量为限。由图3a)可见,1号机组的热负荷上限为323.1 MW,此时电负荷为177.1 MW,对应煤耗量为69.3 t/h,此工况的运行条件是锅炉蒸发量最大、低压缸冷却流量最小。由图3c)可见,3号机组热负荷上限为477.4 MW,此时电负荷为240.7 MW,对应煤耗量为102.9 t/h,此工况的运行条件是锅炉蒸发量最大、低压缸冷却流量最小。2号、4号机组为高背压机组,其运行边界由全乏汽供热、锅炉最大蒸发量和低压缸最小冷却流量为限。由图3b)可见:2号机组的热负荷上限为340.4 MW,此时的电负荷为179.6 MW,对应煤耗量为69.3 t/h,此工况的运行条件是锅炉蒸发量最大、低压缸冷却流量最小;电负荷上限为198.9 MW,此时的热负荷为322.0 MW,此工况的运行条件是锅炉蒸发量最大、全乏汽供热。由图3d)可见:4号机组的热负荷上限为472.8 MW,此时的电负荷为276.9 MW,对应最大煤耗量为104.1 t/h,此工况的运行条件是锅炉蒸发量最大、低压缸冷却流量最小;电负荷上限为312.3 MW,此时的热负荷为377.0 MW,此工况的运行条件是锅炉蒸发量最大、全乏汽供热。
由热电特性图可以通过最小二乘法拟合得到运行边界的函数关系,以热负荷为自变量、电负荷为因变量,可得:
Pi=f(Qi)
式中:Pi为第i台机组电负荷,MW;Qi为第i台机组热负荷,MW。
本文以煤耗量最小作为全厂热电负荷优化分配的目标。煤耗量为机组电负荷和热负荷的函数,可以通过拟合得到,即:
Bi=f(Pi,Qi)
式中:Bi为第i台机组煤耗量,t/h。
通过MATLAB软件拟合工具箱,可以得到机组煤耗量和其热电负荷的函数关系,拟合结果如图3所示,不同色块表示不同热电负荷下的煤耗量。函数形式为:
Bi=m=0sn=0mkmnPinQim-n
式中:mn为非负整数;s为最高次项的次数;kmn为各项系数。
4台机组煤耗量和其热、电负荷的拟合结果见表2
1号、3号机组采用“以热定电”的低压缸零出力供热方式,即低压缸总是达到最小流量,煤耗量则为热负荷的单变量函数,可简化目标函数。
粒子群算法是一种进化算法,源于对鸟群捕食的行为研究,是模拟鸟群通过自身经验和种群交流调整搜寻路径,不断寻找,直到找到食物最多的地点[22-23]。利用群体中的个体对信息的共享使整个群体的运动在问题求解空间中产生从无序到有序的演化过程,从而获得最优解。这种算法具有容易实现、精度高、收敛快等优点[24]
粒子群算法初始化为一群随机粒子,然后通过迭代直到找到最优解。在每一次的迭代中,粒子通过跟踪自身和群体的2个“极值”来更新自身[25]。在找到这2个最优值后,粒子通过下面的公式来更新自己的速度和位置。
Vit=a1Vit1+a2Vpbestt+a3Vgbestt
Xit+1=Xit+Vit
式中:Vit为粒子i本次速度信息;Vit1为粒子i上次速度信息;Vpbestt为粒子i历史最优速度信息;Vgbestt为群体最优速度信息;Xit+1为粒子i下一次的位置信息;Xit为粒子i本次的位置信息;a1a2a3为权值系数。
以全厂总煤耗量最小为优化目标,目标函数为:
B=i=14Bi
式中:B为全厂总煤耗量,t/h。
单台机组和全厂的热、电负荷的关系为:
P=i=14Pi
Q=i=14Qi
式中:P为全厂对外总电负荷,MW;Q为全厂对外总热负荷,MW。
全厂对外总供电负荷和总供热负荷在系统寻优时应当是固定的。根据历史运行数据,对4种不同总供热、供电负荷的方案进行寻优计算(表3)。每台机组的约束条件为2.1节中各台机组热电特性确定的运行范围。
全厂热电负荷优化分配流程如图4所示,通过MATLAB软件编写程序完成寻优过程。
为了方便运行,电厂供热的常规方案为全厂对外总供热负荷在4台机组间平均分配。为了验证粒子群算法的计算结果,以电厂的常规方案为对照进行分析,图5为常规方案和粒子群优化算法的结果对比。
由4台机组各方案的热负荷对比结果(图5a))可见,1号、3号机组优化后热负荷均低于常规方案的热负荷,4号机组优化后的热负荷高于常规方案的热负荷,2号机组没有明显特征。1号、3号机组为低压缸零出力改造,均在各自的低压缸最小流量下工作,其煤耗量为热负荷的线性函数,煤耗量最小的优化目标要求1号、3号机组应在较小的热负荷量下工作,因此优化后热负荷均有下降。4号机组为大容量的高背压热泵供热机组,不同总热负荷工况下粒子群优化后的热负荷均高于常规方案的热负荷,说明大容量高背压热泵机组煤耗量对热负荷不敏感,应优先安排大容量高背压热泵机组提供热负荷。
由4台机组各方案的电负荷对比结果(图5b))可见,1号、3号、4号机组优化后电负荷均低于常规方案的电负荷,2号机组优化后的电负荷高于常规方案的电负荷。1号、3号机组为低压缸零出力改造,均在各自的低压缸最小流量下工作,电负荷和热负荷也是线性相关的,煤耗量最小的优化目标要求1号、3号机组应在较小的电负荷下工作,因此优化后电负荷均有下降。2号机组为小容量的高背压热泵供热机组,不同总热负荷工况下粒子群优化后的电负荷均高于常规方案的电负荷,说明小容量的高背压热泵机组煤耗量对电负荷不敏感,应优先安排小容量高背压热泵机组提供电负荷。
4台机组各方案的煤耗量对比结果如图5c)所示,各方案总煤耗量优化程度见表4。由图5c)可见,常规方案煤耗量在各机组之间的分布差异性较大,优化后的煤耗量在各机组之间的分布更加均匀。方案1的总煤耗量优化后比优化前降低10.0 t/h,优化程度3.9%。方案2的总煤耗量优化后比优化前降低5.6 t/h,优化程度2.4%。方案3的总煤耗量优化后比优化前降低1.7 t/h,优化程度0.8%。方案4的总煤耗量优化后比优化前降低0.6 t/h,优化程度0.3%。供热初末期总热负荷较低,可以采用常规法分配全厂热负荷,极寒期或严寒期总热负荷较大,采用粒子群优化算法分配全厂热负荷可以更加节省全厂煤耗量,以本文的边界条件,最大可以节约总煤耗量3.9%。
多台机组联合供热时,机组间的热电负荷分配对全局能耗有重要影响,目前针对多供热模式耦合的热电联产电厂研究较少,热电负荷分配具有较大优化空间,通过优化计算可以降低全厂煤耗量,节省电厂经营成本。本文针对1号、3号机组为低压缸零出力、抽汽的双模式耦合供热,2号、4号机组为高背压、热泵、抽汽的三模式耦合供热的热电厂建立了变工况模型,分析其热电特性和能耗特性,采用最小二乘法拟合其运行边界,在全厂供热负荷和供电负荷固定的边界条件下通过粒子群算法优化热电负荷分配,结果表明:
1)不同供热模式的机组其热电特性呈现不同形式和不同的运行区域,不同的热电负荷下机组能耗也呈现不同特点,因此,多模式耦合供热的电厂具备热电负荷优化分配空间。
2)通过对4种全厂总热、电负荷工况进行优化计算,为了达到更低的总煤耗量,应优先安排大容量高背压热泵机组提供热负荷,优先安排小容量高背压热泵机组提供电负荷。
3)当总热负荷较低时可以采用常规法分配全厂热负荷,当总热负荷较大时应采用优化算法分配全厂热负荷以便节省全厂煤耗量,以本文的边界条件,最大可以节约总煤耗量3.9%。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52406019)
  • 河北省自然科学基金(E2022502052)
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503053
  • 接收时间:2025-03-27
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-12-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-27
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52406019)
国家自然科学基金项目(52406019)
Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(E2022502052)
河北省自然科学基金(E2022502052)
作者信息
    1.中国大唐集团科学技术研究总院有限公司西北电力试验研究院,陕西 西安 710021
    2.山西大学电力与建筑学院,山西 太原 030031
    3.华北电力大学动力工程系,河北 保定 071003
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