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At home and abroad, the locations suitable for developing concentrated solar power are mainly in desert areas. Dust in these environments may accumulate on the heat absorbing surfaces of the receiver in the solar power tower system, resulting in failure of the wall and coating of the pipe. To protect the heat absorbing walls, a coupled heat transfer model is developed for the sand-pipe, and the effects of several parameters on the wall temperature are investigated, such as the dust particle diameter, the contact areas between the dust and tube wall, and the concentrated solar energy flux density. The results show that, the influence of dust particles on the temperature of the heat-absorbing pipes is limited to a small area, but it will cause local high-temperature hot spots on the pipes. With a high concentrated solar energy flux density, a large dust particle diameter and a small contract area between the dust particles and the heat-absorbing pipes, both the temperature of the dust particle and the hot spot at the pipes will increase greatly. The temperature of the dust particles could exceed their melting point, forming calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) deposits, which means the receiver is at risk of CMAS corrosion. Meanwhile, the high-temperature hot spots on the heat-absorbing pipes will affect the local thermal stress distribution, exacerbating the damage to the receiver. Therefore, during actual operation, the cleanliness of the heat-absorbing pipe walls should be regularly inspected to avoid the accumulation of large-sized dust particles. The research results can provide technical guidance for the operation and maintenance of the receiver in the concentrated solar power system.

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国内外适宜发展光热发电的位置主要处于沙漠地区,环境中沙尘颗粒会沉积在接收器的吸热管道上,导致管道及涂层疲劳失效。为此,研究了沙尘颗粒对吸热管壁面温度的影响。采用数值模拟的方法,建立了沙尘-吸热管的耦合传热分析模型,模拟研究了沙尘粒径、沙尘与壁面接触大小、聚焦阳光能流密度强度对吸热管温度的影响。结论表明:吸热管上沙尘颗粒对温度的影响局限在很小范围内,但会造成吸热管局部高温热点;聚焦阳光能流密度越强、沙尘颗粒直径越大、沙尘颗粒与吸热管的接触越小,沙尘颗粒及吸热管高温热点的温度越高;沙尘颗粒温度可超过其熔点,形成钙镁铝硅酸盐(CMAS)沉积物,接收器面临CMAS腐蚀的风险;同时,吸热管高温热点将影响局部热应力分布,加剧接收器破坏,实际运行中应定期检查吸热管壁面清洁状况,避免大颗粒沙尘的积聚。该研究结果可为接收器的运行维护提供技术指导。

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万振杰(1989),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为太阳能热发电技术及熔融盐储热等,

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万振杰(1989),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为太阳能热发电技术及熔融盐储热等,

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万振杰(1989),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为太阳能热发电技术及熔融盐储热等,

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Material parameters of the computational model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
传热流体熔融盐
吸热器直径Dr/m8.5
吸热管长度ht/m10.5
吸热管涂层吸收率αt0.930[22]
吸热管涂层热发射率εt0.870[22]
吸热管外径Dt,o/m0.042 2
吸热管内径Dt,i/m0.038 9
截取微元体角度γ/(°)60.0
截取微元体高度hs/m0.042 2
沙尘颗粒直径Ds20.0 μm~3.0 mm[21]
沙尘吸收率αs0.643[19]
沙尘导热系数/(W·(m·K)–1)0.50[23]
沙尘颗粒热发射率εs0.700[19]
地表热发射率εg0.955[22]
天空热发射率εsky0.895[22]
熔融盐污垢热阻Rfouling/(×10–5 m2·K·W–1)8.808[22]
误差精度e0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1217836039297749671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836026479956109, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

计算模型材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
传热流体熔融盐
吸热器直径Dr/m8.5
吸热管长度ht/m10.5
吸热管涂层吸收率αt0.930[22]
吸热管涂层热发射率εt0.870[22]
吸热管外径Dt,o/m0.042 2
吸热管内径Dt,i/m0.038 9
截取微元体角度γ/(°)60.0
截取微元体高度hs/m0.042 2
沙尘颗粒直径Ds20.0 μm~3.0 mm[21]
沙尘吸收率αs0.643[19]
沙尘导热系数/(W·(m·K)–1)0.50[23]
沙尘颗粒热发射率εs0.700[19]
地表热发射率εg0.955[22]
天空热发射率εsky0.895[22]
熔融盐污垢热阻Rfouling/(×10–5 m2·K·W–1)8.808[22]
误差精度e0.01
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沙尘对塔式光热发电接收器吸热管温度的影响研究
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万振杰 1 , 苏继康 1 , 范博尧 1 , 魏进家 2 , 方嘉宾 2 , 刘洋 1 , 吴学红 3
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术 2025,54(11): 83-90
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热力发电 | 新能源发电技术 2025, 54(11): 83-90
沙尘对塔式光热发电接收器吸热管温度的影响研究
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万振杰1 , 苏继康1, 范博尧1, 魏进家2, 方嘉宾2, 刘洋1, 吴学红3
作者信息
  • 1.郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院,河南 郑州 450001
  • 2.西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院,陕西 西安 710049
  • 3.郑州轻工业大学能源与动力工程学院,河南 郑州 450001
  • 万振杰(1989),男,博士,讲师,主要研究方向为太阳能热发电技术及熔融盐储热等,

Study on effects of dust on wall temperature of the receiver in solar power tower system
Zhenjie WAN1 , Jikang SU1, Boyao FAN1, Jinjia WEI2, Jiabin FANG2, Yang LIU1, Xuehong WU3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Building Environment Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
  • 2.School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
  • 3.College of Energy and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450001, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503071
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国内外适宜发展光热发电的位置主要处于沙漠地区,环境中沙尘颗粒会沉积在接收器的吸热管道上,导致管道及涂层疲劳失效。为此,研究了沙尘颗粒对吸热管壁面温度的影响。采用数值模拟的方法,建立了沙尘-吸热管的耦合传热分析模型,模拟研究了沙尘粒径、沙尘与壁面接触大小、聚焦阳光能流密度强度对吸热管温度的影响。结论表明:吸热管上沙尘颗粒对温度的影响局限在很小范围内,但会造成吸热管局部高温热点;聚焦阳光能流密度越强、沙尘颗粒直径越大、沙尘颗粒与吸热管的接触越小,沙尘颗粒及吸热管高温热点的温度越高;沙尘颗粒温度可超过其熔点,形成钙镁铝硅酸盐(CMAS)沉积物,接收器面临CMAS腐蚀的风险;同时,吸热管高温热点将影响局部热应力分布,加剧接收器破坏,实际运行中应定期检查吸热管壁面清洁状况,避免大颗粒沙尘的积聚。该研究结果可为接收器的运行维护提供技术指导。

光热发电  /  塔式  /  接收器  /  沙尘颗粒  /  温度分布

At home and abroad, the locations suitable for developing concentrated solar power are mainly in desert areas. Dust in these environments may accumulate on the heat absorbing surfaces of the receiver in the solar power tower system, resulting in failure of the wall and coating of the pipe. To protect the heat absorbing walls, a coupled heat transfer model is developed for the sand-pipe, and the effects of several parameters on the wall temperature are investigated, such as the dust particle diameter, the contact areas between the dust and tube wall, and the concentrated solar energy flux density. The results show that, the influence of dust particles on the temperature of the heat-absorbing pipes is limited to a small area, but it will cause local high-temperature hot spots on the pipes. With a high concentrated solar energy flux density, a large dust particle diameter and a small contract area between the dust particles and the heat-absorbing pipes, both the temperature of the dust particle and the hot spot at the pipes will increase greatly. The temperature of the dust particles could exceed their melting point, forming calcium-magnesium-aluminum-silicate (CMAS) deposits, which means the receiver is at risk of CMAS corrosion. Meanwhile, the high-temperature hot spots on the heat-absorbing pipes will affect the local thermal stress distribution, exacerbating the damage to the receiver. Therefore, during actual operation, the cleanliness of the heat-absorbing pipe walls should be regularly inspected to avoid the accumulation of large-sized dust particles. The research results can provide technical guidance for the operation and maintenance of the receiver in the concentrated solar power system.

concentrated solar power  /  tower type  /  receiver  /  dust particle  /  temperature distribution
万振杰, 苏继康, 范博尧, 魏进家, 方嘉宾, 刘洋, 吴学红. 沙尘对塔式光热发电接收器吸热管温度的影响研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (11) : 83 -90 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503071
Zhenjie WAN, Jikang SU, Boyao FAN, Jinjia WEI, Jiabin FANG, Yang LIU, Xuehong WU. Study on effects of dust on wall temperature of the receiver in solar power tower system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (11) : 83 -90 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503071
以陶瓷、高温熔融盐、颗粒等为工质的新一代高温/超高温光热发电技术(concentrating solar power,CSP)工作温度高于700 ℃,效率将高于50%,成为国内外研究热点[1-2]。接收器是CSP实现光热转换的核心设备,但由于工作条件恶劣,失效问题严重[3-5]。新一代高温/超高温光热发电技术需要新一代接收器,其工作温度将高于700 ℃,但由于传热温差,接收器表面温度将更高[6],可高达1 200 ℃。适宜发展光热发电的位置主要处于沙漠或沿海地区[7-8],沙粒、灰尘、潮湿、盐雾等环境条件恶劣。相关研究表明,环境沙尘颗粒容易与高温壁面接触,沉积在高温壁面上,造成壁面热腐蚀[9-11]。热应力是接收器破坏的主要原因[12-13],沙尘颗粒在接收器的高温吸热管上沉积,还会造成吸热管的高温、热变形及热应力分布不均,导致管道及吸热涂层失效[14],威胁接收器的高效安全运行。
大气环境中的气溶胶、沙粒、盐雾、SO2、NOx等污染物沉积在涂层、玻璃、微结构等表面,容易造成接收器污染、堵塞等问题[15-17]。Schmücker等人[15]实验研究了多孔吸热器的积尘情况,发现接收器的积尘很严重,工作温度高于750 ℃时将导致孔隙堵塞,同时,沉积物可导致陶瓷接收器效率降低约10%。沙尘颗粒在接收器玻璃盖板上沉积,将降低热性能,并可能产生盖板失效,增大运营成本[18]。Upadhyay等人[16]采用欧拉和拉格朗日方法研究了开放容积式多孔接收器的沙尘粒子传输。文献[19]研究表明沙尘中钙含量较高时,高温下沙尘容易团聚,可能造成吸热管道局部高温热点。文献[7,20]研究表明,气溶胶和沙尘等环境污染物含有CaO、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2等成分,高温下可形成钙镁铝硅酸盐(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2,CMAS)沉积物,破坏吸热涂层,缩短高温壁面寿命。
沙尘颗粒的导热系数、弹性模量等物性参数与吸热管不同,在吸热管上沉积团聚,可能造成吸热管道局部高温热点,约束管道变形,导致局部热应力过高。CMAS熔融物可浸入吸热涂层的孔隙,破坏涂层。同时,沙尘颗粒的化学成分差异较大,沙尘吸收大气中的盐雾、SO2、NOx等化学成分,在聚光高温下与吸热管道发生(电)化学反应,导致吸热管发生点蚀和缝隙腐蚀。本文建立了沙尘-吸热管的耦合传热分析模型,通过数值模拟研究了沙尘颗粒对吸热管壁面温度的影响,并分析了不同因素对温度的影响规律。
外置式吸热器结构简单、接收聚焦阳光能流密度范围广,在目前商业塔式光热发电系统应用广泛。但是外置式接收器工作温度高,高温吸热面直接暴露在环境中,在风力、沙尘暴等气象因素影响下,沙尘颗粒可在吸热管壁面及管间缝隙沉积团聚,导致局部高温热点。因此,本文选取外置式吸热器作为基础物理模型,其高度及直径较大。外置式吸热器通常由数块吸热板组合构成,每块吸热板由若干互相独立的吸热管并联组成,单根吸热管长度与接收器高度相同。但沙漠地区沙尘的粒径较小,通常在4.0 μm~2.0 mm内[21]
沙尘直径远小于吸热器尺寸,直接建立吸热管和沙尘的计算模型存在计算量过大、计算效率低的问题。为了简化计算,本文在接收器上选取一段吸热管,建立吸热管的光热转化物理计算模型,得到吸热管的对流传热、辐射传热等边界条件。然后,在该吸热管截取部分微元体,施加传热边界,获得沙尘及其对吸热管温度分布的影响。吸热管及微元体物理模型如图1所示。吸热器工作流体为太阳盐,吸热管及沙尘的材料参数见表1
为了研究沙尘颗粒对吸热管温度分布的影响,需要知道沙尘颗粒与吸热管微元体的传热边界条件,关键是获得吸热管内熔融盐与壁面的真实对流传热系数和熔融盐平均温度。为此,需要建立吸热管的光热转化耦合传热模型。
吸热管的光热转化包括:聚焦阳光的吸收及反射、管外热辐射、管外与环境对流传热、管内与熔融盐的对流传热以及管道的热传导。聚焦阳光的吸收及反射计算时,不考虑阳光在吸热管之间的多次反射吸收。吸热管涂有高温吸热涂层,涂层存在凸起等微结构,可能造成接触热阻,但接收器垂直安装,沙尘颗粒受重力、静电力、高温变形、熔融等因素影响,颗粒与吸热面需有很强吸附。因此,本研究中假设沙尘与管道接触良好,不考虑沙尘与管道间的接触热阻。
吸热管外壁面上,沿圆周方向上接收的聚焦阳光能流密度不同。γ=0°时,聚焦阳光能流密度最大,本文选取此区域进行分析。同时,相邻两管的壁面温度相差不大[24],因此,忽略管道间的辐射传热,仅考虑吸热管与大气及天空之间的辐射传热,由公式(1)计算,其中天空温度由公式(3)计算[25]
qr=πσεtFA(Tt,w4Te4)
Te4=εskyTsky4+εgTa4εsky+εg
Tsky=(0.727+0.006Tdp)0.25(Ta273.15)
式中:qr为辐射热损失,W;σ为斯特藩-玻尔兹曼常数,5.67×10–8 W/(m2·K4);F为辐射角系数;A为辐射换热面积,m2Tt,w为吸热管外壁面温度,K;Te为环境温度,K;Tsky为天空温度,K;Ta为空气温度,K;Tdp为露点温度,℃。
吸热器放置在塔顶,其与环境之间的对流换热有自然对流和风力作用下的强迫对流。接收器的对流传热非常复杂,本文采用Siebers和Kraabel[26]提出的接收器混和对流传热关联式计算吸热管和沙尘颗粒与环境之间的对流热损失,如公式(4)所示。
qconv=hmixA(Tt,wTa)
hmix=(hnata+hforca)1/a
式中:qconv为对流热损失,W;hmix为混合对流传热系数,W/(m2·K);hnat为自然对流传热系数,W/(m2·K);hforc为强迫对流传热系数,W/(m2·K);a为常数,本文取3.2。
自然对流传热系数为:
hnat=Nunatλaht
Nunat=0.098Gr1/3(Tt,wTa)0.14
Gr=gβ(Tt,wTa)ht3ν2
式中:Nunat为努塞特数;λa为空气导热系数,W/(m·K);ν为运动黏度,m2/s;ht为吸热管长度,m;Gr为格拉斯霍夫数。
吸热管外强制对流传热系数与风速、接收器的粗糙度等因素有关。本文采用接收器粗糙度为248×10–5,根据Siebers和Kraabel[26]研究结果,强制对流传热系数由公式(9)计算。
hforc=NuforcλaDr
{Nuforc=0.3+0.488Re0.5(1.0+(Re/282 000)0.625)0.8,   Re1.61×105Nuforc=1.371×105Re0.98+0.010 4Re0.89,      1.61×105Re1.69×107Nuforc=0.045 5Re0.81,    Re1.69×107
式中:Nuforc为风力作用下强制对流努塞特数;Re为风力作用下雷诺数;Dr为吸热器直径,m。
吸热管内熔融盐与管道的对流传热系数由Gnielinski公式计算:
Nusalt=(f/8)(Resalt1 000)Pr1+12.7(f/8)0.5(Pr2/31)
f=(1.82lg(Resalt)1.64)2
式中:f为Darcy阻力系数;Pr为熔融盐的普朗特数;Resalt为熔融盐的雷诺数。
吸热管的热传导按单层薄壁圆管导热公式计算,管道材料为Incoloy Alloy 800H,导热系数随着温度变化,由式(13)计算。同时,本文考虑吸热管内壁面存在的熔融盐污垢层[22]
λt=11.467+0.032 9Tw0.000 05Tw2+4×10-8Tw3
式中:λt为吸热管导热系数,W/(m·K);Tw为吸热管内外壁面的平均温度,℃。
聚焦阳光的吸收及反射、管外热辐射、管外与环境对流传热、管内与熔融盐的对流传热以及管道的热传导等传热过程互相耦合。采用图2所示迭代方法求解吸热管和沙尘颗粒的耦合传热过程,最终获取沙尘颗粒对吸热管道温度的影响。选取一段吸热管,通过耦合传热模型获取吸热管内熔融盐与壁面的真实对流传热系数和熔融盐平均温度。耦合传热模型的边界条件:管段的入口熔融盐温度和流速(Tsalt,invsalt)、吸热管外聚焦阳光能流密度(qcon)、吸热管外空气温度(Tair)、吸热管外风速(vwind)、环境温度(Te)。
1)首先,给定环境条件(风速、空气温度、露点温度等)、聚焦阳光能流密度(qcon)、熔融盐流动条件(流动速度、入口温度)、管道和沙尘颗粒的几何结构参数等数据,然后计算空气物性参数。假定吸热管的外壁面温度,进而计算吸热管的辐射热损失、对流热损失、管道吸热量(Qab)、吸热管内壁面温度(Tt,w,in)等参数。假定熔融盐出口温度,进而计算熔融盐的密度、导热系数、比热容等热物性参数。
2)由管道吸热量计算熔融盐的出口温度,校核出口温度是否在误差范围之内,若超出误差范围,则改变熔融盐出口温度的假设值,重新计算。由计算得到的熔融盐出口温度,计算熔融盐的进出口平均温度,并计算吸热管内的对流传热系数、熔融盐吸热量等。对比熔融盐吸热量和管道吸热量,若误差过大,则改变假定的吸热管外壁面温度,重新计算,直至吸热量误差在合理范围之内。
3)最后,将微元体接收到的聚光能流密度qcon作为内部热源边界,将熔融盐对流传热系数hsalt、熔融盐在微元体进出口的平均温度作为管内对流传热边界,将空气混合对流传热系数hmix、空气温度Tair作为管外对流传热边界,将环境温度Te作为管外辐射温度边界,建立如图1所示的沙尘颗粒和微元体的传热计算模型,在Fluent软件设置传热边界条件,计算吸热管和沙尘的耦合传热过程,获取沙尘颗粒影响下,吸热管壁面的温度分布。
本文通过Fluent软件计算沙尘颗粒与吸热管微元体之间的耦合传热。采用Ansys Workbench Meshing软件划分网格,对沙尘与吸热管接触面进行加密处理。图3为网格无关性及模型验证结果。采用沙尘颗粒最高温度进行网格无关性验证,网格划分及无关性验证如图3a)所示,网格数量需在80万以上,本文计算时网格数量为84万。
Rodríguez-Sánchez等人[22]分析了外置式接收器沿流动方向上吸热管道的温度分布。为了验证本文建立的耦合传热模型的准确性,在风速为0 m/s时,对比了Rodríguez-Sánchez和本文模型计算得到的吸热管内、外壁面温度,结果如图3b)所示。由图3b)可见,外壁面温度计算误差始终小于3.03%。受入口流动边界条件、聚光能流密度、部分模型数据参数的影响,流动路径较小时,内壁温与文献数据存在明显差异。但随着流动路径的增大,越靠近吸热器出口,误差越小,路径大于47.3 m后,误差小于5.0%,且越来越小,可知本文建立的模型具有较好的求解精度。
将沙尘颗粒假定为特定直径的小球,保持沙尘颗粒的球心在吸热管的外壁面上(沙尘和吸热管道充分接触),通过改变颗粒粒径,研究沙尘颗粒大小对吸热管温度的影响。图4为吸热管内熔融盐温度为550 ℃、聚光能流密度为300 kW/m2时,沙尘和吸热管温度随颗粒粒径的变化规律。由图4可见,颗粒粒径小于500 μm时,沙尘最高温度与吸热管温度相差小于10.0 ℃,吸热管高温热点温度与吸热管温度小于1.0 ℃。随着粒径的增大,沙尘颗粒的最高温度线性升高;沙尘颗粒与吸热管之间存在较大温度差,这主要是由于沙尘颗粒的导热系数较小,颗粒吸收的热量不能很好地传递出去,导致沙尘颗粒最高温度很高;沙尘颗粒粒径为3 000 μm时,其最高温度为899.5 ℃,该温度低于沙尘颗粒的熔点,但已超过CMAS熔融物的玻璃化转化温度(500~800 ℃)[27]
充分接触时,颗粒粒径Ds对管道壁面温度的影响较小,影响范围局限在颗粒接触的局部区域(~1.5Ds)。随着粒径的增大,吸热管最高温度逐渐升高,但幅度不大。颗粒粒径为3 000 μm时,吸热管温度与吸热管的最高温度相差约5.0 ℃。图5为颗粒粒径3 000 μm时吸热管温度分布。由图5可知,吸热管最高温度(局部高温热点)出现在颗粒与管道接触的边缘位置。由于颗粒遮挡了聚焦阳光,同时沙尘导热系数较低,尺寸较大时,吸热管道最低温度出现在颗粒与吸热管接触面的中心位置。颗粒直径为3 000 μm时,管道最低温度与吸热管温度相差约2.9 ℃。
沙尘颗粒导热系数较低,聚焦阳光能流密度较高会影响沙尘颗粒及高温热点的温度。假定沙尘粒径为2 000 μm,颗粒与吸热管道充分接触,熔融盐温度为350 ℃,聚焦阳光能流密度的影响结果如图6所示。随着聚焦阳光能流密度的增大,沙尘最高温度线性升高。能流密度为200 kW/m2时,沙尘最高温度为536.9 ℃;当能流密度增加到1 000 kW/m2时,沙尘最高温度约1 241.9 ℃,该温度已接近沙尘颗粒的熔点[10],沙尘颗粒会融化形成CMAS沉积物,腐蚀吸热管涂层。以陶瓷、高温熔融盐、液体金属等为工质的新一代高温/超高温光热发电技术,较高聚焦阳光能流密度下沙尘颗粒的沉积、熔融将形成CMAS沉积物,可能影响接收器的高效安全运行[15]
聚焦阳光能流密度对吸热管温度的影响也较为明显,吸热管温度及高温热点温度随聚光能流密度的增大也线性升高。受沙尘颗粒影响,吸热管高温热点温度上升幅度更大,高能流密度时更为显著。能流密度为200 kW/m2时,吸热管高温热点温度约为420.9 ℃,吸热管温度约为416.4 ℃,两者相差约4.5 ℃;能流密度为1 000 kW/m2时,吸热管高温热点温度为717.4 ℃,吸热管温度为677.5 ℃,温度差约40 ℃,将导致吸热管局部热应力,破坏吸热管及涂层材料。
沙尘颗粒形状不规则,颗粒与吸热管接触状态复杂,为了研究接触大小对温度影响,假定沙尘粒径为2 000 μm,通过改变沙尘颗粒中心偏离吸热管道外壁面的距离,研究接触面积对吸热管温度的影响。根据接收器的实际工作特性,选取熔融盐流动路径上2个典型位置(300、800 kW/m2)开展研究,结果如图7所示。可知,随着沙尘颗粒中心偏移距离的增大,即沙尘颗粒与吸热管道接触面积的减小,沙尘的最高温度急剧升高。能流密度为300 kW/m2,偏移距离为900 μm时,沙尘最高温度达到1 082.6 ℃;能流密度为800 kW/m2,偏移距离为400 μm,沙尘颗粒温度已超过1 200 ℃,面临CMAS熔融沉积物的风险。
与吸热管道相比,沙尘颗粒表面积很小,沙尘颗粒接触面积对吸热管道温度基本没有影响。偏移距离较小时(<600 μm),接触面积变化对高温热点温度的影响不大。相同接触面积时,聚焦阳光能流密度越高,吸热管高温热点温度越高。聚焦阳光能流密度300 kW/m2时,吸热管高温热点温度约640 ℃;聚焦阳光能流密度800 kW/m2时,吸热管高温热点温度约650 ℃。沙尘颗粒中心偏移距离大于600 μm时,吸热管高温热点温度急剧升高;偏移距离为900 μm时,聚焦阳光能流密度300、800 kW/m2下吸热管高温热点温度与吸热管道温度之差值分别为47.0、116.1 ℃,吸热管局部热应力将升高。
图8为不同情况下,沙尘颗粒对吸热管局部温度分布的影响。随着沙尘颗粒中心偏移距离的增大,吸热管高温热点温度升高,但其影响区域减小。可见,随着沙尘颗粒与吸热管接触面积的减小,吸热管发生局部点蚀的风险增大。同时,随着沙尘颗粒中心偏移距离的增大,沙尘颗粒遮挡吸热管越少,颗粒与吸热面接触面的温度逐渐升高。
在考虑吸热管复杂光热转化过程的基础上,提出了沙尘-吸热管耦合传热数值计算模型,分析了沙尘颗粒尺寸、沙尘颗粒与吸热管接触面积、聚焦阳光能流密度对吸热管温度的影响,得出以下结论。
1)颗粒粒径小于500 μm时,沙尘对吸热管温度影响不大。接收器实际运行过程中应定期检查吸热面积尘情况,避免小颗粒沙尘在温度、湿度以及其他杂质综合作用下团聚。
2)沙尘颗粒对吸热管道温度影响主要在接触区域,沙尘的沉积会导致吸热管道出现局部高温热点,其温度与颗粒尺寸、聚焦阳光能流密度强度、沙尘颗粒与吸热管接触面积有关。
3)由于沙尘颗粒的导热系数较小,沙尘颗粒与吸热管存在较大温差。在高能流密度、较小接触面积、较大颗粒直径时,沙尘颗粒温度可超过1 200 ℃,吸热管将面临CMAS沉积物腐蚀的风险。
4)沙尘颗粒粒径越大,沙尘颗粒与吸热管接触面积越少,聚焦阳光能流密度强度越高,高温热点温度越大。吸热管局部温差可大于40 ℃,将影响管道局部热应力分布。
受垂直加热面、高能流密度、高温、颗粒物成分等因素影响,沙尘颗粒与壁面间作用较为复杂。拟通过实验,进一步获取颗粒沉积及吸热管温度的实验数据。
  • 河南省重点研发专项(231111320900)
  • 河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(24A480010)
  • 河南省学科建设研究中心开放课题(2024-2-05)
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2025年第54卷第11期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202503071
  • 接收时间:2025-03-01
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-01
基金
Key Scientific and Technological Research Project in Henan Province(231111320900)
河南省重点研发专项(231111320900)
Key Research Project Plan for Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(24A480010)
河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划(24A480010)
Open Project of Henan Discipline Construction Research Center(2024-2-05)
河南省学科建设研究中心开放课题(2024-2-05)
作者信息
    1.郑州轻工业大学建筑环境工程学院,河南 郑州 450001
    2.西安交通大学化学工程与技术学院,陕西 西安 710049
    3.郑州轻工业大学能源与动力工程学院,河南 郑州 450001
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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