Article(id=1217836024521212850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202502026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740672000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768284334544, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768284334544, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768284334544, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284334544, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217836019408360416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768284333326, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284453982, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217836525543408117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217836525543408118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=151, endPage=160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217836024785454024, articleId=1217836024521212850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Influence of air flow field reconstruction inside and outside the air cooling unit on cooling performance of the system, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As the core of thermal power units, the operation efficiency of the direct air cooling system is significantly restricted by the geographical location of the power plant and the surrounding environmental parameters. Taking the direct air cooling system of a power plant as the prototype, a three-dimensional numerical model of the air cooling system and the surrounding buildings and mountain environment is established, and the composite wind prevention measures for the windward side of the air cooling island or the units with unfavorable heat transfer are proposed. The windproof measures and optimization mechanism of the direct air cooling system with strong applicability and good effect are explored, and the influence of air flow field reconstruction inside and outside the air cooling unit on the cooling performance of the direct air cooling system is analyzed. The results show that the internal and external wind-proof measures of the direct air-cooled unit can effectively improve the thermal performance of the unit. When the wind speed is 5 m/s, the large cross wall windshield has a good effect on improving the heat transfer performance of the air-cooled island. The frontal wind speed of the radiator increases by 0.24 m/s, and the surface temperature of the radiator reduces by 2.40 ℃. After the reconstruction of the air flow field inside and outside the air cooling unit, the average surface temperature of the radiator in the direct air cooling system reduces by 5.77 ℃, and the back pressure reduces by 2.92 kPa. The reconstruction of the air flow field inside and outside the air cooling unit can significantly improve the cooling effect of the direct air cooling system and improve the operating performance of the cold end system of the power station. In the future, the optimization design of the diversion device of the direct air cooling system can focus on the improvement of the uniformity of the flow field.

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直接空冷系统作为火电机组核心的热力循环末端,其运行效能受电厂地理位置及周边环境参数的显著制约。以某电厂直接空冷系统为原型,建立空冷系统及周边建筑物、山体环境的三维数值模型,提出针对空冷岛迎风侧或换热不利单元的复合防风措施,探究适用性强、效果佳的直接空冷系统防风措施与优化机制,分析空冷单元内外空气流场重构对直接空冷系统冷却性能的影响。结果表明:直接空冷单元内部和外部防风措施的设置可有效改善机组的热力性能,风速5 m/s时,大十字墙挡风对空冷岛换热性能改善效果较好,散热器迎面风速升高了0.24 m/s,散热器表面温度降低了2.40 ℃;空冷单元内外空气流场重构后,直接空冷系统散热器表面平均温度最高降低5.77 ℃,背压最高降低2.92 kPa。空冷单元内外空气流场重构可显著改善直接空冷系统冷却效果,提高电站冷端系统的运行性能,未来直接空冷系统导流装置的优化设计可聚焦于流场均匀性改善。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
赵元宾(1981),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为高效能量转换及节能技术,
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李旋(1982),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂水工工艺设计,

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李旋(1982),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂水工工艺设计,

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李旋(1982),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂水工工艺设计,

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caption=Cloud diagram of the flow-field distribution of the unit under the influence of the large cross-wall, figureFileSmall=cztyuJNok4J5e9KtMKtKfw==, figureFileBig=WccCA5P4ttYe2WtFFMPvCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836035136995816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=图6, caption=大十字墙作用下1号机组散热器风速分布云图, figureFileSmall=cztyuJNok4J5e9KtMKtKfw==, figureFileBig=WccCA5P4ttYe2WtFFMPvCQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836036407869937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Optimization of the porosity of the inclined vortex-elimination structure under peripheral conditions, figureFileSmall=BL/ft/kbMlC76pn6re1kLw==, figureFileBig=+YpXwqedUcbkXWXYroruYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836036500144626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, 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figureFileBig=YlWnzvtgZHKI0w/hMRfgAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836037150261781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Operating parameters of the unit

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
环境温度/℃32
汽轮机排汽量/(kg·s–1)1 184
排汽焓/(kJ·kg–1)2 561.2
汽轮机排汽压力/kPa25
汽轮机排热量/MW758
散热量/MW758
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037234147866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

机组运行参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
环境温度/℃32
汽轮机排汽量/(kg·s–1)1 184
排汽焓/(kJ·kg–1)2 561.2
汽轮机排汽压力/kPa25
汽轮机排热量/MW758
散热量/MW758
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037318033953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Validity verification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目背压(32 ℃)/kPa背压(37 ℃)/kPa
设计工况26.1232.30
模拟工况26.5631.14
相对误差1.68%3.72%
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037439668773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有效性验证

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目背压(32 ℃)/kPa背压(37 ℃)/kPa
设计工况26.1232.30
模拟工况26.5631.14
相对误差1.68%3.72%
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037523554856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Influence of windproof measures on heat transfer performance of No.1 unit in air cooling system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s–1)散热器表面温度/℃温度降低幅度/℃
无防风措施3.5444.400
空冷单元均流3.6242.941.46
外围上倾斜消涡3.5544.47–0.07
外围下倾斜消涡3.5844.120.28
迎风侧挡风3.5344.62–0.22
大十字墙挡风3.3145.55–1.15
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037632606767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

防风措施对空冷系统1号机组换热性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s–1)散热器表面温度/℃温度降低幅度/℃
无防风措施3.5444.400
空冷单元均流3.6242.941.46
外围上倾斜消涡3.5544.47–0.07
外围下倾斜消涡3.5844.120.28
迎风侧挡风3.5344.62–0.22
大十字墙挡风3.3145.55–1.15
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037703909938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

The influence of windproof measures on the heat transfer performance of No.2 unit of air cooling system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s–1)散热器表面温度/℃温度降低幅度/℃
无防风措施3.1046.290
空冷单元均流3.2244.581.71
外围上倾斜消涡3.1146.31–0.02
外围下倾斜消涡3.1845.291.00
迎风侧挡风3.0947.00–0.71
大十字墙挡风3.3443.892.40
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037817156151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

防风措施对空冷系统2号机组换热性能的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s–1)散热器表面温度/℃温度降低幅度/℃
无防风措施3.1046.290
空冷单元均流3.2244.581.71
外围上倾斜消涡3.1146.31–0.02
外围下倾斜消涡3.1845.291.00
迎风侧挡风3.0947.00–0.71
大十字墙挡风3.3443.892.40
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037884265019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

The exhaust pressures of No.1 and No.2 units after the optimization of porosity of the inclined vortex - elimination structure

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目孔隙率/%
0204060
1号机组排汽压力20.7720.8120.7620.76
1号机组排汽压力变化0–0.040.010.01
2号机组排汽压力21.3421.3121.2921.30
2号机组排汽压力变化00.030.050.04
), ArticleFig(id=1217836037959762495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

外围下倾斜消涡结构孔隙率优化1、2号机组排汽压力对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目孔隙率/%
0204060
1号机组排汽压力20.7720.8120.7620.76
1号机组排汽压力变化0–0.040.010.01
2号机组排汽压力21.3421.3121.2921.30
2号机组排汽压力变化00.030.050.04
), ArticleFig(id=1217836038035259971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

The exhaust pressures of No.1 and No.2 units with large cross wall porosity optimization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目孔隙率
0%20%40%60%
1号机组排汽压力21.4721.3521.1721.12
1号机组排汽压力变化00.120.300.35
2号机组排汽压力20.6620.8520.9921.06
2号机组排汽压力变化0–0.19–0.33–0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1217836038110757446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

大十字墙结构孔隙率优化1、2号机组排汽压力对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目孔隙率
0%20%40%60%
1号机组排汽压力21.4721.3521.1721.12
1号机组排汽压力变化00.120.300.35
2号机组排汽压力20.6620.8520.9921.06
2号机组排汽压力变化0–0.19–0.33–0.40
), ArticleFig(id=1217836038194643531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.7, caption=

Performance of No.1 unit with multi-windproof measures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s-1)散热器表面温度/℃排汽温度/℃排汽温度变化/℃排汽压力/kPa背压变化/kPa
无防风措施3.5444.4061.09020.900
空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化3.3740.8559.311.7819.251.66
空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化3.4843.0860.430.6620.270.63
), ArticleFig(id=1217836038282723919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

多防风措施方案1号机组性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s-1)散热器表面温度/℃排汽温度/℃排汽温度变化/℃排汽压力/kPa背压变化/kPa
无防风措施3.5444.4061.09020.900
空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化3.3740.8559.311.7819.251.66
空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化3.4843.0860.430.6620.270.63
), ArticleFig(id=1217836038370804308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=EN, label=Tab.8, caption=

Performance of No.2 unit with multi-windproof measures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s–1)散热器表面温度/℃排汽温度/℃排汽温度变化/℃排汽压力/kPa背压变化/kPa
无防风措施3.1046.2962.03021.840
空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化3.3040.5258.953.0918.922.92
空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化3.3942.7660.271.7620.121.71
), ArticleFig(id=1217836038479856215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836024521212850, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

多防风措施方案2号机组性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
防风措施散热器迎面风速/(m·s–1)散热器表面温度/℃排汽温度/℃排汽温度变化/℃排汽压力/kPa背压变化/kPa
无防风措施3.1046.2962.03021.840
空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化3.3040.5258.953.0918.922.92
空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化3.3942.7660.271.7620.121.71
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空冷单元内外空气流场重构对其系统冷却性能的影响
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李旋 1 , 李禹江 1 , 韩强 1 , 周飞 2 , 米玉鸿 3 , 秦春营 4, 5 , 赵元宾 5
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025,54(11): 151-160
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2025, 54(11): 151-160
空冷单元内外空气流场重构对其系统冷却性能的影响
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李旋1 , 李禹江1, 韩强1, 周飞2, 米玉鸿3, 秦春营4, 5, 赵元宾5
作者信息
  • 1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
  • 2.江苏省国信研究院有限公司,江苏 南京 210005
  • 3.嘉峪关宏晟电热有限责任公司,甘肃 嘉峪关 735100
  • 4.宁夏电投永利能源有限公司,宁夏 银川 751400
  • 5.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院,山东 济南 250061
  • 李旋(1982),女,硕士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为电厂水工工艺设计,

通讯作者:

赵元宾(1981),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为高效能量转换及节能技术,
Influence of air flow field reconstruction inside and outside the air cooling unit on cooling performance of the system
Xuan LI1 , Yujiang LI1, Qiang HAN1, Fei ZHOU2, Yuhong MI3, Chunying QIN4, 5, Yuanbin ZHAO5
Affiliations
  • 1.Shandong Electric Power Engineering Consulting Institute Co., Ltd., Jinan 250013, China
  • 2.Jiangsu Guoxin Research Institute Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210005, China
  • 3.Jiayuguan Hongsheng Electric Heating Co., Ltd., Jiayuguan 735100, China
  • 4.Ningxia Power Investment Yongli Energy Co., Ltd., Yinchuan 751400, China
  • 5.College of Nuclear Science and Energy Power, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502026
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直接空冷系统作为火电机组核心的热力循环末端,其运行效能受电厂地理位置及周边环境参数的显著制约。以某电厂直接空冷系统为原型,建立空冷系统及周边建筑物、山体环境的三维数值模型,提出针对空冷岛迎风侧或换热不利单元的复合防风措施,探究适用性强、效果佳的直接空冷系统防风措施与优化机制,分析空冷单元内外空气流场重构对直接空冷系统冷却性能的影响。结果表明:直接空冷单元内部和外部防风措施的设置可有效改善机组的热力性能,风速5 m/s时,大十字墙挡风对空冷岛换热性能改善效果较好,散热器迎面风速升高了0.24 m/s,散热器表面温度降低了2.40 ℃;空冷单元内外空气流场重构后,直接空冷系统散热器表面平均温度最高降低5.77 ℃,背压最高降低2.92 kPa。空冷单元内外空气流场重构可显著改善直接空冷系统冷却效果,提高电站冷端系统的运行性能,未来直接空冷系统导流装置的优化设计可聚焦于流场均匀性改善。

直接空冷系统  /  冷却特性  /  防风措施  /  数值模拟  /  机组背压

As the core of thermal power units, the operation efficiency of the direct air cooling system is significantly restricted by the geographical location of the power plant and the surrounding environmental parameters. Taking the direct air cooling system of a power plant as the prototype, a three-dimensional numerical model of the air cooling system and the surrounding buildings and mountain environment is established, and the composite wind prevention measures for the windward side of the air cooling island or the units with unfavorable heat transfer are proposed. The windproof measures and optimization mechanism of the direct air cooling system with strong applicability and good effect are explored, and the influence of air flow field reconstruction inside and outside the air cooling unit on the cooling performance of the direct air cooling system is analyzed. The results show that the internal and external wind-proof measures of the direct air-cooled unit can effectively improve the thermal performance of the unit. When the wind speed is 5 m/s, the large cross wall windshield has a good effect on improving the heat transfer performance of the air-cooled island. The frontal wind speed of the radiator increases by 0.24 m/s, and the surface temperature of the radiator reduces by 2.40 ℃. After the reconstruction of the air flow field inside and outside the air cooling unit, the average surface temperature of the radiator in the direct air cooling system reduces by 5.77 ℃, and the back pressure reduces by 2.92 kPa. The reconstruction of the air flow field inside and outside the air cooling unit can significantly improve the cooling effect of the direct air cooling system and improve the operating performance of the cold end system of the power station. In the future, the optimization design of the diversion device of the direct air cooling system can focus on the improvement of the uniformity of the flow field.

direct air cooling system  /  cooling characteristics  /  windproof measures  /  numerical simulation  /  unit back pressure
李旋, 李禹江, 韩强, 周飞, 米玉鸿, 秦春营, 赵元宾. 空冷单元内外空气流场重构对其系统冷却性能的影响. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (11) : 151 -160 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502026
Xuan LI, Yujiang LI, Qiang HAN, Fei ZHOU, Yuhong MI, Chunying QIN, Yuanbin ZHAO. Influence of air flow field reconstruction inside and outside the air cooling unit on cooling performance of the system[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (11) : 151 -160 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502026
“双碳”背景下,直接空冷系统以其优异的节水性能,在全球范围内尤其是在水资源紧张的富煤地区,正逐渐成为工业冷却的首选方案[1-2]。尽管直接空冷系统具有耗水少的优点,但其也存在机组运行背压高、能耗大等问题[3-4],尤其在夏季高温或环境风的条件下,可能导致汽轮机背压过高,机组运行效率降低。因此研究直接空冷岛受周围环境影响下的运行性能,对提升火电厂的整体能效、实现“双碳”目标、节能减排等方面具有重要的工程价值。
实际生产中,为降低环境风力对直接空冷系统性能的不利影响,通常会采取增设风场导流调控装置这一策略[5-6]。众多学者为改善环境风对直接空冷系统的不利影响做了大量研究工作,提出了很多改进措施。Borghei等人[7]提出了在空冷单元四周加装导流装置的方法,结果表明导流装置提升了空冷单元的换热性能。Owen等人[8]研究了空冷岛加装挡风墙的流场情况,结果表明加装后明显提升了空冷系统流动换热性能。Venter等人[9]研究发现在空冷平台和环境风速较高时布置外围多孔挡风板可以有效改善直接空冷系统性能。王金平等[10]提出设置喷淋装置、延伸挡风墙、加装导流装置、提高散热器的冲洗质量是保证直接空冷机组夏季高温安全经济运行的重要措施。李文毓[11]通过在空冷岛平台内部加装十字防风网,改善了空冷凝汽器的换热效率。程友良等[12]提出了在空冷单元内部加装弯叶式导流板的方法,结果表明弯叶式导流板可以使散热器出口温度分布更加均匀。呼浩等[13]提出在风机出口处设置导流板优化措施,研究结果表明加装后优化了空冷单元管束换热不均的现象。Gao等人[14]提出在空冷平台下方安装导流板,发现导流板向外倾斜角度为45°时,直接空冷系统换热效果最好。郑春波[15]提出在直接空冷系统四周加装导流网,发现加装后明显改善了山环境风引起的热风回流现象。高沛[16]探究了空冷岛挡风墙下加装防风网的情况,结果表明防风网加装后能显著改善空冷凝汽器的换热性能,环境风速为6 m/s时,风机进气量最高增加了4.6%。严鹏航[17]研究了在空冷岛靠近来流侧加装导流装置的情况,结果表明该方式减小了热风回流的影响,提高了空冷岛流场的流动换热能力。崔超等[18]提出了外部复合导流装置:一部分为布置在平台四周向外倾斜60°的导流板,另一部分为呈“井”字布置在风机下侧的垂直导流板,结果表明复合导流装置的安装明显提高了直接空冷系统的冷却空气质量流量和换热量,风速越大,导流板的改善效果幅度越大。李涛等[19]研究了空冷单元内部和外部同时加装平直矩形导流板的情况,结果表明加装后,风速2 m/s时进风量最高增加了1.5%,散热器出口平均温度最高降低了3 ℃左右。
综上所述,加装风场导流调控装置可以提高直接空冷系统的冷却能力,有利于机组安全经济运行。目前,学者们大多研究的是直接空冷单元内部或外部单一设置防风措施的情况,对空冷单元内部和外部同时设置防风措施的研究较少,且复合装置仅研究内部风机出口导流和外部垂直导流的影响。基于此,本文针对性提出空冷单元风机隔墙间均流及外部倾斜防风装置,优选复合防风措施,探究空冷单元内外空气流场重构对直接空冷系统冷却性能的影响,旨在为直接空冷系统导流装置的优化提供有力的技术支撑。
本文以我国某电厂直接空冷系统为原型,根据厂区总平面布置条件和气象条件,基于给定散热量,对厂区建构筑物及周边山体等复杂山体环境下直接空冷系统冷却特性及其防风措施展开数值模拟计算研究。
本文选取环境温度为32 ℃时的夏季工况为研究对象,该工况下,机组的运行参数见表1,结合厂区总平面图山体及数值计算要求,建立空冷岛及周围建筑物几何模型如图1所示,直接空冷岛模型如图2所示。空冷岛系统空冷凝汽器采用防冻M型布置直接空冷凝汽器系统,布置在主厂房A排第1排散热器外,每台机组设56个冷却单元,为7×8布置方案。沿第1排方向布置7列空冷器,每列为8个冷却单元,其中6个为顺流单元,2个为逆流单元。空冷平台高45 m,挡风墙高度14.34 m,走廊宽度分别为1.5 m和2.0 m。
以空冷岛西侧中心位置为模型坐标原点,确定整个计算域,计算域近似为底面直径为2 600 m、高为2 000 m的圆柱,包含了空冷岛及其周围主要建筑物和山体模型,空冷平台区域采用四面体网格进行网格划分,四周区域采用六面体网格进行网格划分,对风机进风口处和散热器上方进行网格加密,网格划分如图3所示。
在给定环境气象条件、运行工况下,认为直接空冷岛处于稳定运行状态,计算域内空气的流动为不可压缩定常流动,采用时均Navier-Stokes控制方程描述其流动特性,其中雷诺应力平均项采用RNG k-ε模型进行湍流封闭,控制方程的通用形式[20]可表示为:
(ρφ)t+div(ρuφ)=div(Γgradφ)+S
式中:各项依次为瞬态项、对流项、扩散项和源项;ρ为密度,kg/m3u为速度矢量,m/s;φ为通用变量;Γφφ对应的广义扩散系数;S为广义源项。
风机在模型中采用风扇模型(FAN),风扇模型是集总模型,可用于确定具有已知特征的风扇对大流域流场的影响。数值模拟时风扇假设为无限薄,风扇的压升可表示为流速的函数[21],其关系式[22]为:
Δpfan=1nfnvn1
式中:Δpfan为压力升高,Pa;fn为压力跳跃多项式系数;v为垂直于风扇的当地流体速度,m/s,既可以是正也可以是负。
采用radiator模型描述空气通过散热器时的压降和对流换热过程。Radiator模型中压降的计算公式[23-24]为:
Δphxg=KL12ρv12
式中:Δphxg为压降,Pa;KL为阻力系数;v1为垂直于多孔面的空气流速,m/s。
无环境风时,设置圆柱计算域侧面为压力入口,计算域顶面为压力出口;侧风条件下,设置迎风面为速度入口,背风面及计算域顶面为压力出口,计算域如图4所示。
侧风条件下,入口边界条件采用速度入口边界条件,本计算采用大气边界函数[25]
UiU=(ZiZ)α
式中:Z为气流达到均匀时的速度,m/s;UZ处来流平均风速,m/s;Zi为任意高度,m;UiZi处平均速度,m/s;α为壁面粗糙系数。
根据具体情况选择以上参数,由自定义函数(UDF)加载计算。出口边界条件选用压力出口边界条件,根据大气压与海拔高度的关系给定流动出口边界上的静压。无风条件下,计算域的顶部边界被设置为压力出口Pressure Outlet;有风条件下,背风侧被设置为压力出口。回流空气温度为环境温度,回流方向为From Neighboring Cell。出口边界上的静压通过式(5)规定。
p=1 013.25ea/7 926
式中:p为大气压,hPa;a为海拔高度,m。
本文分别建立了总网格数分别为391万、425万、457万和600万的4套网格系统,得到对应散热器表面迎面风速分别为3.24、3.28、3.31、3.32 m/s,网格数从391万到457万时,散热器表面迎面风速变化幅度较大,但网格数增加到600万,与网格数457万相比散热器表面迎面风速基本不变,由于本文所用模型计算区域很大,为确保计算精度同时节省计算成本,本文选取457万网格数进行模拟计算。
以空冷系统排汽装置出口处背压作为有效性验证参数,对模型进行有效性验证,将电厂设计工况数据与模拟结果比较(表2)。由表2可知,模型相对误差小于5%,误差在允许范围内,说明模型具有可靠性。
基于复杂山体影响,针对空冷岛迎风侧或换热不利单元布置适用于直接空冷系统的防风措施,设计了5种防风措施(图5),分别为:1)空冷单元均流(防风措施1);2)外围上倾斜消涡(防风措施1);3)外围下倾斜消涡(防风措施3);4)迎风侧挡风(防风措施4);5)大十字墙挡风(防风措施5)。
本研究主要考虑夏季高负荷运行工况及厂区北侧山体环境不利影响,故数值模拟过程中采取TRL设计工况与夏季主导风向NE(东北风)作为计算条件,为保证管束迎面风速达到设计工况风速2.23 m/s,选取TRL设计环境自然风风速5 m/s进行了多/无防风措施对直接空冷系统换热性能作用效果的数值模拟。
分别针对5种防风措施进行了独立防风效果的模拟计算,得到计算结果见表3表4。2号机组靠近北侧山体,受山体影响较大,因此本研究重点分析2号机组的换热性能。由表4可知,大十字墙挡风对空冷岛2号机组散热器迎面风速和散热器表面温度的改善效果均最优,散热器迎面风速升高了0.24 m/s,表面温度降低了2.40 ℃,其次为空冷单元均流、外围下倾斜消涡。因此筛选大十字墙挡风、空冷单元均流、外围下倾斜消涡防风措施作为优选防风措施。由表3可知,大十字墙挡风对1号机组的换热性能产生不利影响。大十字墙作用下1号机组散热器风速分布云图如图6所示。结合图6可知,主要是因为十字墙分割处影响1号机组风机进风,进风流场出现旋涡,产生了空气绕流现象,导致其散热器换热性能降低,换热器表面温度升高。
研究表明,适当增大防风措施孔隙率,有利于降低对无风工况的不利影响,而优选防风措施中,空冷单元均流装置与单元隔墙相同,无孔隙率,故针对外围下倾斜消涡和大十字墙挡风防风措施进行多孔率优化计算。
TRL夏季工况,环境温度32 ℃,夏季主导风向NE,风速5 m/s下以外围下倾斜消涡作为单一防风措施,分别设置其孔隙率为20%、40%、60%进行直接空冷系统的数值模拟与热力计算,计算结果如图7表5所示。
图7可知,相比于原孔隙率0,外围下倾斜消涡作用下,1号、2号机组(靠近山坡)的风速和平均温度变化都很小,风速偏差仅约为0.001~0.009 m/s左右,平均温度相差0.02~0.10 ℃。结合表5可以看出,相比之下,孔隙率40%外围下倾斜消涡结构作用下机组背压降低幅度最大,整体相对较好。综上所述,外围下倾斜消涡结构可优选孔隙率40%作为其优选结构,但外围下倾斜消涡结构孔隙率影响较小,不增加孔隙率时的防风效果亦很显著,可结合材料成本综合选择。
同理,针对空冷平台下方增设大十字墙作为单一防风措施,分别设置其孔隙率为20%、40%、60%进行直接空冷系统的数值模拟与热力计算,计算结果如图8表6所示。
图8可知,相比于原孔隙率0,大十字墙作用下,增大孔隙率后,对1号机组产生了较好的效果,散热器迎面风速最大升高约了0.12 m/s,散热器平均温度降低了0.71 ℃,但2号机组散热器迎面风速反而降低,散热器平均温度升高。结合表6可知,1号机组的背压随着孔隙率的增大而减小,但孔隙率60%较孔隙率40%背压降低幅度较小,且对2号机组产生的不利影响最大。综上,大十字墙结构可优选孔隙率40%作为其优化结构,且建议控制孔隙率不宜超过60%。
在TRL夏季工况,环境温度32 ℃,夏季主导风向NE,风速5 m/s下,将孔隙率优化40%的单一防风措施组合后进行直接空冷系统的数值模拟与热力计算,得到多/无防风措施时1、2号机组计算结果(表7表8)。
表7表8可知:空冷单元均流+孔隙率40%大十字墙多防风设置下(空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化),直接空冷系统1号机组散热器表面迎面风速为3.37 m/s,相比于无防风措施时降低了0.17 m/s,散热器平均温度为40.85 ℃,降低了3.55 ℃;2号机组散热器表面迎面风速为3.30 m/s,相比于无防风措施时升高了0.20 m/s,散热器平均温度为40.52 ℃,降低了5.77 ℃,背压由21.84 kPa降至18.92 kPa,降低了2.92 kPa。
空冷单元均流+孔隙率40%外围下倾斜消涡+孔隙率40%大十字墙多防风措施下(空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化),1号机组散热器表面迎面风速相比于无防风措施时降低了0.06 m/s,散热器平均温度降低了1.32 ℃;2号机组散热器表面迎面风速,相比于无防风措施时升高了0.29 m/s,散热器平均温度降低了3.53 ℃,背压由21.84 kPa降至20.12 kPa,降低了1.71 kPa。可见山体环境下,结构优化后的2种多防风措施,都明显提高了直接空冷系统2号机组散热器的迎面风速,降低了散热器温度,有效增强了直接空冷岛的换热性能。
计算得到多/无防风措施的机组散热器温度分布云图如图9所示,散热器风速分布云图如图10所示。由图9可以看出,采用空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化和空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化2种多防风方案后,直接空冷系统散热器表面的温度明显要低于无防风措施时,尤其是图9中左侧第2个靠近迎风侧的散热器温度降低幅度更大。
结合表7表8的数据及图9b)和图9c)可知,相比于空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化,空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化方案设置后,散热器温度降低幅度更显著,换热效果更优。由图10可知:无防风措施时,空冷岛迎风侧存在空气绕流现象,散热器下方有明显漩涡,对散热器的不利影响较大;2种多防风方案设置后,都减少了空气绕流现象,削弱了环境风对散热器的影响,特别是空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化方案,明显改善了空冷单元底部的进风流场,漩涡发生偏移,风机进风量增大。但结合表7表8分析,空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化方案下机组背压降低幅度大于空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化方案,即空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化方案虽然提高了散热器周围的空气流动速度,但不利于机组排汽温度的降低。
本文建立了空冷系统及周边建筑物、山体环境的三维数值计算模型,基于该模型,针对夏季高负荷工况下空冷岛迎风侧或换热不利单元布置复合防风措施,分析了空冷单元内外空气流场重构下直接空冷系统散热器排汽温度、迎面风速、机组背压的变化情况,主要结论如下。
1)环境自然风风速为5 m/s时,单一防风措施空冷平台下方设大十字墙挡风对空冷岛散热器迎面风速和散热器表面温度的改善效果均最为优异,散热器迎面风速升高了0.24 m/s,散热器表面温度降低了2.40 ℃,其次为空冷单元均流、外围下倾斜消涡。
2)对外围下倾斜消涡和十字挡风墙进行多孔率优化计算,设置孔隙率40%的外围下倾斜消涡和大十字墙挡风防风措施时,机组背压均降低,有利于提高机组效率。
3)防风措施优化后,设置空冷单元均流+大十字墙优化多防风措施后,2号机组散热器表面迎面风速相比于无防风措施时升高了0.20 m/s,散热器平均温度降低了5.77 ℃,背压降低了2.92 kPa;空冷单元均流+外围下倾斜+大十字墙优化多防风措施下,2号机组散热器表面迎面风速相比于无防风措施时升高了0.29 m/s,散热器平均温度降低了3.53 ℃,背压降低了1.71 kPa。
综上所述,空冷单元内部均流、空冷平台外围倾斜消涡及大十字墙复合防风措施,能够提高散热器表面迎面风速,强化空冷岛换热性能,有效降低机组背压,提高机组热力性能,为直接空冷机组冷端节能提供了设计优化方向。
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2025年第54卷第11期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502026
  • 接收时间:2025-02-28
  • 首发时间:2026-01-13
  • 出版时间:2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28
基金
Shandong Province’s Project for Promoting the Innovation Capability of Science and Technology-based Small and Medium-sized Enterprises(2022TSGC1026)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程(2022TSGC1026)
作者信息
    1.山东电力工程咨询院有限公司,山东 济南 250013
    2.江苏省国信研究院有限公司,江苏 南京 210005
    3.嘉峪关宏晟电热有限责任公司,甘肃 嘉峪关 735100
    4.宁夏电投永利能源有限公司,宁夏 银川 751400
    5.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院,山东 济南 250061

通讯作者:

赵元宾(1981),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为高效能量转换及节能技术,
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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