首页 期刊 论文 学科刊群 资讯 加盟 关于
EN
image
Article(id=1217836020981224428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739808000000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768284333700, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768284333700, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768284333700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284333700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217836019408360416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768284333326, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284453982, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217836525543408117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217836525543408118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=91, endPage=97, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217836021203522542, articleId=1217836020981224428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Experimental study on deposition law of corrosion products in throttle orifice of steam generator in high temperature gas cooled reactor, columnId=1217836020515652407, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Renewable energy power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The structural characteristics of once-through steam generators and throttling assembly in the demonstration project of high-temperature gas cooled reactors were introduced, and the reasons and influencing factors of sediment blocking the throttling holes were analyzed. Moreover, the deposition law of corrosion products on the throttling holes of steam generators in high-temperature gas cooled reactors was studied by dynamic cyclic tests at high temperatures and high pressures, including the effects of different iron sources, iron mass fractions, flow rates, and pH values on throttling hole deposition. The results show that, free iron is the main precursor of throttling pore sediments. The phenomenon of throttling hole sediment increases with the iron mass fraction in water. With the increase of local flow velocity, the sedimentation rate of throttling hole increases at first and then decreases, and there exists a maximum deposition velocity range. As the pH value of the water increases from 9.1 to 9.7, the phenomenon of throttle hole deposition intensifies. It is found that appropriately reducing the pH value of feed water and optimizing throttle hole structure size (adjusting flow rate) are effective methods to inhibit the deposition and blockage of steam generator throttling components.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wei WANG, Guiquan ZHANG, Zhijun WU, Jingjing JIA, Guojun LONG, Jiantao YAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1217836024428941349, articleId=1217836020981224428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔腐蚀产物沉积规律实验研究, columnId=1217836020662453050, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=新能源发电技术, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

介绍了高温气冷堆示范工程中直流蒸汽发生器和节流组件的结构特点，分析了沉积物堵塞节流孔的原因和影响因素，并通过高温高压动态循环实验装置模拟研究了高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔处腐蚀产物的沉积规律，包括不同铁源、铁质量分数、流速和pH值对节流孔沉积的影响。结果表明：游离态铁是节流孔沉积物的主要前驱体；节流孔沉积现象随水质中铁质量分数增加而加剧；节流孔沉积速率随局部流速的增加先升高后降低，存在最大沉积流速区间；水质pH值由9.1升至9.7过程中，节流孔沉积现象加剧。研究发现，适当降低给水pH值和优化节流孔结构尺寸（调整流速）是抑制蒸汽发生器节流组件沉积堵塞的有效方法。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
张贵泉（1985），男，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为核电机组水化学腐蚀与控制关键技术，。
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BNMum/vLTzTjCMxbmht4Xg==, magXml=BALZHEkycdRgk96fm/1uYw==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=yxs0xtfgwq/xi5ozrqCptA==, pdfFileSize=1231163, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=ylV59T5+R2nhCE3ObGtqgA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=DywllZJ+MK2SKjx+kU3mdQ==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王威（1983），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器设计、制造及运行可靠性，。

, authorsList=王威, 张贵泉, 吴志军, 贾晶晶, 龙国军, 姚建涛)}, authors=[Author(id=1217836024974200899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=w_wang@hntc.chng.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025062281289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836024974200899, language=EN, stringName=Wei WANG, firstName=Wei, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025150361676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836024974200899, language=CN, stringName=王威, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126, bio={"content":"

王威（1983），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器设计、制造及运行可靠性，。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

王威（1983），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器设计、制造及运行可靠性，。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024705765426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024714154035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024705765426, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024735125557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024705765426, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126)])]), Author(id=1217836025251024979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zhangguiquan@tpri.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025364271194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836025251024979, language=EN, stringName=Guiquan ZHANG, firstName=Guiquan, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025427185757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836025251024979, language=CN, stringName=张贵泉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024802234424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024810623034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024814817339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054)])]), Author(id=1217836025553014882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025624318057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836025553014882, language=EN, stringName=Zhijun WU, firstName=Zhijun, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025708204142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836025553014882, language=CN, stringName=吴志军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024705765426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024714154035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024705765426, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024735125557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024705765426, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126)])]), Author(id=1217836025771118705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025859199097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836025771118705, language=EN, stringName=Jingjing JIA, firstName=Jingjing, middleName=null, lastName=JIA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.China Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264312, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217836025943085184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836025771118705, language=CN, stringName=贾晶晶, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司，山东　荣成　264312, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024886120510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024894509119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024886120510, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.China Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264312, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024902897728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024886120510, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司，山东　荣成　264312)])]), Author(id=1217836026022776963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217836026098274441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836026022776963, language=EN, stringName=Guojun LONG, firstName=Guojun, middleName=null, lastName=LONG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217836027398508687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836026022776963, language=CN, stringName=龙国军, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024802234424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024810623034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024814817339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054)])]), Author(id=1217836027507560597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1217836027599835291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836027507560597, language=EN, stringName=Jiantao YAO, firstName=Jiantao, middleName=null, lastName=YAO, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1217836027692109989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, authorId=1217836027507560597, language=CN, stringName=姚建涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024802234424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024810623034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024814817339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1217836027796967598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=high temperature gas cooled reactor), Keyword(id=1217836027910213814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=throttling hole), Keyword(id=1217836028031848637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=deposition), Keyword(id=1217836028140900547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=flow velocity), Keyword(id=1217836028216398026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=pH value), Keyword(id=1217836028308672718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=高温气冷堆), Keyword(id=1217836028388364499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=节流孔), Keyword(id=1217836028501610717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=沉积), Keyword(id=1217836028614856932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=流速), Keyword(id=1217836028728103147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=pH值)], refs=[Reference(id=1217836033165676996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=31, issue=6, pageStart=45, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［1］, rfOrder=0, authorNames=邵天佑, 闻国华, journalName=华电技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵天佑, 闻国华. 直流锅炉水冷壁节流孔板磁性氧化铁沉积探讨[J]. 华电技术, 2009, 31(6): 45-47., articleTitle=直流锅炉水冷壁节流孔板磁性氧化铁沉积探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033266340299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=31, issue=6, pageStart=45, pageEnd=47, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［1］, rfOrder=1, authorNames=SHAO Tianyou, WEN Guohua, journalName=Huadian Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO Tianyou, WEN Guohua. Investigation on magnetic oxide iron deposition of throttle orifice plate in once-through boiler waterwall[J]. Huadian Technology, 2009, 31(6): 45-47., articleTitle=Investigation on magnetic oxide iron deposition of throttle orifice plate in once-through boiler waterwall, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033358614992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=75, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［2］, rfOrder=2, authorNames=邵天佑, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=邵天佑. 超超临界机组锅炉水冷壁节流孔板结垢的处理[J]. 热力发电, 2010, 39(3): 75-77., articleTitle=超超临界机组锅炉水冷壁节流孔板结垢的处理, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033471861203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=39, issue=3, pageStart=75, pageEnd=77, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［2］, rfOrder=3, authorNames=SHAO Tianyou, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHAO Tianyou. Scaling on throttle plate of the water-wall in boiler for ultra-supercritical unit and disposal thereof[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2010, 39(3): 75-77., articleTitle=Scaling on throttle plate of the water-wall in boiler for ultra-supercritical unit and disposal thereof, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033572524506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=25, issue=7, pageStart=110, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［3］, rfOrder=4, authorNames=刘玉海, journalName=广东电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘玉海. 超超临界机组直流锅炉水冷壁节流孔圈结垢堵塞超温防范对策[J]. 广东电力, 2012, 25(7): 110-113., articleTitle=超超临界机组直流锅炉水冷壁节流孔圈结垢堵塞超温防范对策, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033681576416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=25, issue=7, pageStart=110, pageEnd=113, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［3］, rfOrder=5, authorNames=LIU Yuhai, journalName=Guangdong Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yuhai. Countermeasures against superheat due to fouling blocked throttling orifice of water wall of concurrent boiler in ultra supercritical units[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2012, 25(7): 110-113., articleTitle=Countermeasures against superheat due to fouling blocked throttling orifice of water wall of concurrent boiler in ultra supercritical units, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033786434022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=261, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［4］, rfOrder=6, authorNames=张丽霞, 冯朝晖, journalName=武汉大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张丽霞, 冯朝晖. 超超临界锅炉管道事故及原因分析[J]. 武汉大学学报, 2011, 44(2): 261-265., articleTitle=超超临界锅炉管道事故及原因分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836033912263150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=261, pageEnd=265, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［4］, rfOrder=7, authorNames=ZHANG Lixia, FENG Chaohui, journalName=Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Lixia, FENG Chaohui. Pipeline materials selection and cause analysis of accidents in pipeline for ultra supercritical boiler[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2011, 44(2): 261-265., articleTitle=Pipeline materials selection and cause analysis of accidents in pipeline for ultra supercritical boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034029703670, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=353, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=11, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［5］, rfOrder=8, authorNames=HENSHAW J, MCGURK J C, SIMS H E, journalName=Journal of Nuclear Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HENSHAW J, MCGURK J C, SIMS H E, et al. A model of chemistry and thermal hydraulics in PWR fuel crud deposits[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2006, 353: 1-11., articleTitle=A model of chemistry and thermal hydraulics in PWR fuel crud deposits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034218447355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=65, issue=null, pageStart=33, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［6］, rfOrder=9, authorNames=CIONCOLINI A, SCENINI F, DUFF J, journalName=Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CIONCOLINI A, SCENINI F, DUFF J. Micro-orifice single-phase liquid flow: pressure drop measurements and prediction[J]. Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science, 2015, 65: 33-40., articleTitle=Micro-orifice single-phase liquid flow: pressure drop measurements and prediction, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034323304963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=140, issue=null, pageStart=241, pageEnd=251, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［7］, rfOrder=10, authorNames=HOLDSWORTH S, SCENINI F, BURKE M G, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOLDSWORTH S, SCENINI F, BURKE M G, et al. The effect of high-temperature water chemistry and dissolved zinc on the cobalt incorporation on type 316 stainless steel oxide[J]. Corrosion Science, 2018, 140: 241-251., articleTitle=The effect of high-temperature water chemistry and dissolved zinc on the cobalt incorporation on type 316 stainless steel oxide, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034474299910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=97, issue=null, pageStart=182, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［8］, rfOrder=11, authorNames=YANG G, POINTEAU V, TEVISSEN E, journalName=Progress in Nuclear Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG G, POINTEAU V, TEVISSEN E, et al. A review on clogging of recirculating steam generators in pressurized-water reactors[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2017, 97: 182-196., articleTitle=A review on clogging of recirculating steam generators in pressurized-water reactors, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034570768905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=493, issue=null, pageStart=271, pageEnd=279, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［9］, rfOrder=12, authorNames=MCGRADY J, SCENINI F, DUFF J, journalName=Journal of Nuclear Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MCGRADY J, SCENINI F, DUFF J, et al. Investigation into the effect of water chemistry on corrosion product formation in areas of accelerated flow[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2017, 493: 271-279., articleTitle=Investigation into the effect of water chemistry on corrosion product formation in areas of accelerated flow, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034679820815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=21, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=9, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［10］, rfOrder=13, authorNames=MCGRADY J, DUFF J, STEVENS N, journalName=Nature Partner Journals, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MCGRADY J, DUFF J, STEVENS N, et al. Development of a microfluidic setup to study the corrosion product deposition in accelerated flow regions[J]. Nature Partner Journals, 2017, 21: 1-9., articleTitle=Development of a microfluidic setup to study the corrosion product deposition in accelerated flow regions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034797261333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=343, issue=null, pageStart=210, pageEnd=217, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［11］, rfOrder=14, authorNames=MAX S, STEFANO C, ANDREA C, journalName=Nuclear Engineering and Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAX S, STEFANO C, ANDREA C, et al. CRUD removal via hydrodynamic cavitation in micro-orifices[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2019, 343: 210-217., articleTitle=CRUD removal via hydrodynamic cavitation in micro-orifices, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034876953115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=529, issue=null, pageStart=151915, pageEnd=151926, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［12］, rfOrder=15, authorNames=CASSINERI S, DUFF J, CURIONI M, journalName=Journal of Nuclear Materials, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASSINERI S, DUFF J, CURIONI M, et al. Scenini, CRUD deposition in accelerated high-temperature water: investigation on the effect of substrate material and water chemistry[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2020, 529: 151915-151926., articleTitle=Scenini, CRUD deposition in accelerated high-temperature water: investigation on the effect of substrate material and water chemistry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836034986005024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［13］, rfOrder=16, authorNames=CASSINERI J, DUFF M, CURIONI A, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASSINERI J, DUFF M, CURIONI A, et al. The influence of metal substrate on CRUD build-up under simulated PWR conditions[C]. International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors. Boston USA, 2019., articleTitle=The influence of metal substrate on CRUD build-up under simulated PWR conditions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836035124417062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=74, issue=null, pageStart=49, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［14］, rfOrder=17, authorNames=ANDREA C, FABIO S, JONATHAN D, journalName=Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANDREA C, FABIO S, JONATHAN D, et al. Choked cavitation in micro-orifices an experimental study[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 74: 49-57., articleTitle=Choked cavitation in micro-orifices an experimental study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036395291175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=877, pageEnd=879, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［15］, rfOrder=18, authorNames=沈琦, 刘鸿国, 杨菁, journalName=华东电力, refType=null, unstructuredReference=沈琦, 刘鸿国, 杨菁. 超超临界垂直管圈直流炉水冷壁节流孔圈垢物聚结原因分析及预防[J]. 华东电力, 2009, 37(5): 877-879., articleTitle=超超临界垂直管圈直流炉水冷壁节流孔圈垢物聚结原因分析及预防, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036491760173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=37, issue=5, pageStart=877, pageEnd=879, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［15］, rfOrder=19, authorNames=SHEN Qi, LIU Hongguo, YANG Jing, journalName=East China Electric Power, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHEN Qi, LIU Hongguo, YANG Jing. Analysis and prevention of sulfate scale on throttle orifices for water walls of USC vertical tube coil once-through boilers[J]. East China Electric Power, 2009, 37(5): 877-879., articleTitle=Analysis and prevention of sulfate scale on throttle orifices for water walls of USC vertical tube coil once-through boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036575646257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=97, issue=null, pageStart=218, pageEnd=222, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［16］, rfOrder=20, authorNames=MAX S, ANDREA C, FABIO S, journalName=Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAX S, ANDREA C, FABIO S, et al. Effect of thickness to diameter ratio on micro-orifice single-phase liquid flow at low Reynolds number[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 97: 218-222., articleTitle=Effect of thickness to diameter ratio on micro-orifice single-phase liquid flow at low Reynolds number, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036659532341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［17］, rfOrder=21, authorNames=张鑫, 李鑫钢, 姜斌, journalName=化学工业与工程, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张鑫, 李鑫钢, 姜斌. 四氧化三铁纳米粒子合成及表征[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2006, 23(1): 45-48., articleTitle=四氧化三铁纳米粒子合成及表征, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036730835513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2006, volume=23, issue=1, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［17］, rfOrder=22, authorNames=ZHANG Xin, LI Xingang, JIANG Bin, journalName=Chemical Industry and Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Xin, LI Xingang, JIANG Bin. Preparation and characterization of nanometer magnetite[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2006, 23(1): 45-48., articleTitle=Preparation and characterization of nanometer magnetite, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036831498817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=159, issue=null, pageStart=108113, pageEnd=108122, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［18］, rfOrder=23, authorNames=STEFANO C, JONATHAN D, ANDREA C, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STEFANO C, JONATHAN D, ANDREA C, et al. Deposition of corrosion products under pressurised water nuclear reactor conditions: the effect of flow velocity and dissolved hydrogen[J]. Corrosion Science, 2019, 159: 108113-108122., articleTitle=Deposition of corrosion products under pressurised water nuclear reactor conditions: the effect of flow velocity and dissolved hydrogen, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836036923773508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1997, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=323, pageEnd=334, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［19］, rfOrder=24, authorNames=EPSTEIN N, journalName=Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=EPSTEIN N. Elements of particle deposition onto nonporous solid surfaces parallel to suspension flows[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1997, 14: 323-334., articleTitle=Elements of particle deposition onto nonporous solid surfaces parallel to suspension flows, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037037019723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［20］, rfOrder=25, authorNames=GUILLODO M, GUINGO M, FOUCAULT M, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUILLODO M, GUINGO M, FOUCAULT M, et al. Experimental and numerical study of deposit formation in secondary side SG and TSP by electro kinetic approach[C]. Nuclear Plant Chemistry Conference, 2012., articleTitle=Experimental and numerical study of deposit formation in secondary side SG and TSP by electro kinetic approach, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037141877329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2002, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［21］, rfOrder=26, authorNames=BRUN C, ENGLER N, BERTHOLLON G, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRUN C, ENGLER N, BERTHOLLON G, et al. Investigation on the relation between pressure drops and fluid chemical treatment[C]. International conference of Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems, 2002., articleTitle=Investigation on the relation between pressure drops and fluid chemical treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037234152020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=168, issue=null, pageStart=108588, pageEnd=108598, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［22］, rfOrder=27, authorNames=CASSINERI S, CIONCOLINI A, CURIONI M, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CASSINERI S, CIONCOLINI A, CURIONI M, et al. Understanding the effect of Li and flow velocity on corrosion deposition at 230 ℃ hydrogenated water[J]. Corrosion Science, 2020, 168: 108588-108598., articleTitle=Understanding the effect of Li and flow velocity on corrosion deposition at 230 ℃ hydrogenated water, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037309649495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=366, issue=null, pageStart=110764, pageEnd=110770, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［23］, rfOrder=28, authorNames=STEFANO C, MICHELE C, ANDREW B, journalName=Nuclear Engineering and Design, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STEFANO C, MICHELE C, ANDREW B, et al. Exploring the effect of cathodic polarization to mitigate CRUD deposition[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2020, 366: 110764-110770., articleTitle=Exploring the effect of cathodic polarization to mitigate CRUD deposition, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037422895707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=87, issue=null, pageStart=71, pageEnd=79, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［24］, rfOrder=29, authorNames=FABIO S, GAETANO P, NICHOLAS S, journalName=Corrosion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FABIO S, GAETANO P, NICHOLAS S, et al. Investigation of the role of electro kinetic effects in corrosion deposit formation[J]. Corrosion Science, 2014, 87: 71-79., articleTitle=Investigation of the role of electro kinetic effects in corrosion deposit formation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037515170403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=91, issue=null, pageStart=35, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［25］, rfOrder=30, authorNames=ANDREA C, STEFANO C, JONATHAN D, journalName=Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ANDREA C, STEFANO C, JONATHAN D, et al. Micro-orifice single-phase flow at very high Reynolds number[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 91: 35-40., articleTitle=Micro-orifice single-phase flow at very high Reynolds number, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1217836037624222313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=245, issue=null, pageStart=108, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［26］, rfOrder=31, authorNames=VIDOJKOVIC S M, RAKIN M P, journalName=Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VIDOJKOVIC S M, RAKIN M P. Surface properties of magnetite in high temperature aqueous electrolyte solutions: a review[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 245: 108-129., articleTitle=Surface properties of magnetite in high temperature aqueous electrolyte solutions: a review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1217836032972738998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, awardId=HNKJ22-H09, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ22-H09), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1217836033056625083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, awardId=HNKJ22-H09, language=CN, fundingSource=中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-H09), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1217836024705765426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024714154035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024705765426, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024735125557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024705765426, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217836024802234424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024810623034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024814817339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024802234424, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054)]), AuthorCompany(id=1217836024886120510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024894509119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024886120510, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.China Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264312, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1217836024902897728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, companyId=1217836024886120510, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司，山东　荣成　264312)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1217836028921041145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of the simulation experimental device for deposition of corrosion products in throttle holes, figureFileSmall=N5aOmz9c29b8mjhIFsZdNg==, figureFileBig=ylV59T5+R2nhCE3ObGtqgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029084619008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图1, caption=节流孔腐蚀产物沉积模拟实验装置示意, figureFileSmall=N5aOmz9c29b8mjhIFsZdNg==, figureFileBig=ylV59T5+R2nhCE3ObGtqgA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029436940563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of the orifice sample holding device, figureFileSmall=ekEMTr5GdkCcLPwxdEmoKg==, figureFileBig=Bc7OZD/vKpQTcLx0pZaw4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029537603870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图2, caption=节流孔试样夹持装置示意, figureFileSmall=ekEMTr5GdkCcLPwxdEmoKg==, figureFileBig=Bc7OZD/vKpQTcLx0pZaw4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029629878566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=SEM images of sediments in the throttle holes of high temperature gas cooled reactor, figureFileSmall=rYug6rmuibqCXLNBdW8HEw==, figureFileBig=nb7SiFw6qMjo8I/WzXCJHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029747319087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图3, caption=高温气冷堆节流孔沉积物SEM照片, figureFileSmall=rYug6rmuibqCXLNBdW8HEw==, figureFileBig=nb7SiFw6qMjo8I/WzXCJHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029864759605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=XRD spectrum of sediments in the throttle holes of high temperature gas cooled reactor, figureFileSmall=hwxW/NRPMVI5lfAU1Xyakw==, figureFileBig=jw+4YyPt4NR9az+8/oxomg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836029998977345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图4, caption=高温气冷堆节流孔沉积物XRD谱图, figureFileSmall=hwxW/NRPMVI5lfAU1Xyakw==, figureFileBig=jw+4YyPt4NR9az+8/oxomg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836030112223557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=SEM characterization results of throttle holes after experiments with different iron sources, figureFileSmall=9m5q+QOoXHV05WZ47FUpvw==, figureFileBig=pDs4ENghJYV1tcNLMGvCjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836030284190027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同铁源实验后节流孔SEM表征结果, figureFileSmall=9m5q+QOoXHV05WZ47FUpvw==, figureFileBig=pDs4ENghJYV1tcNLMGvCjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836030561014103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Line scanning characterization results of throttle holes after experiments with different iron sources, figureFileSmall=cQIJsClI901IinuPpiWkXg==, figureFileBig=hOKljWepV4dnMfSNBPfHcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836030623928668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同铁源试验后节流孔线扫描表征结果, figureFileSmall=cQIJsClI901IinuPpiWkXg==, figureFileBig=hOKljWepV4dnMfSNBPfHcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836031961911655, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=SEM characterization of throttle holes after experiments with different iron mass fractions, figureFileSmall=E4yRgAiQGoLAnLFYyetlug==, figureFileBig=MM4ZH2i+YWHSH9f3kijwpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032054186350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同铁质量分数实验后节流孔SEM表征, figureFileSmall=E4yRgAiQGoLAnLFYyetlug==, figureFileBig=MM4ZH2i+YWHSH9f3kijwpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032159043956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=SEM characterization results of throttle holes after experiments with different flow rates, figureFileSmall=Pdt0fHsGiahI9OeqJSL0ZQ==, figureFileBig=Ph0gVbZaZwsIXqKvwI/U6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032289067389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同流速试验后节流孔SEM表征结果, figureFileSmall=Pdt0fHsGiahI9OeqJSL0ZQ==, figureFileBig=Ph0gVbZaZwsIXqKvwI/U6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032385536389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=The relationship between deposition radius and flow velocity, figureFileSmall=LyCJGeXpoyAz5rbf5j9viQ==, figureFileBig=hCkBOzINdrzhrSzQDKtXtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032477811081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图9, caption=沉积半径随流速的变化关系, figureFileSmall=LyCJGeXpoyAz5rbf5j9viQ==, figureFileBig=hCkBOzINdrzhrSzQDKtXtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032544919950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=SEM characterization results of throttle holes after experiments with different pH values, figureFileSmall=IMivWvSuG88x/OT7wMUPbQ==, figureFileBig=ZI9pyJwt2BAloHUhMLUoPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032641388954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同pH值实验后节流孔SEM表征结果, figureFileSmall=IMivWvSuG88x/OT7wMUPbQ==, figureFileBig=ZI9pyJwt2BAloHUhMLUoPA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032750440866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=The relationship between the deposition radius and the pH value, figureFileSmall=zx6sjbbV5aA5xHDuqZszRw==, figureFileBig=Cq4vxDR0JxsfbtZ4oaYWBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1217836032859492778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020981224428, language=CN, label=图11, caption=沉积半径随pH值的变化关系, figureFileSmall=zx6sjbbV5aA5xHDuqZszRw==, figureFileBig=Cq4vxDR0JxsfbtZ4oaYWBg==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔腐蚀产物沉积规律实验研究
收藏切换
PDF下载
王威 1 , 张贵泉 2 , 吴志军 1 , 贾晶晶 3 , 龙国军 2 , 姚建涛 2
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术 2025,54(11): 91-97
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术 2025, 54(11): 91-97
高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔腐蚀产物沉积规律实验研究
全屏
王威1 , 张贵泉2 , 吴志军1, 贾晶晶3, 龙国军2, 姚建涛2
作者信息
  • 1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
  • 3.华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司，山东　荣成　264312

    • 王威（1983），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器设计、制造及运行可靠性，。

通讯作者:

张贵泉（1985），男，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为核电机组水化学腐蚀与控制关键技术，。
Experimental study on deposition law of corrosion products in throttle orifice of steam generator in high temperature gas cooled reactor
Wei WANG1 , Guiquan ZHANG2 , Zhijun WU1, Jingjing JIA3, Guojun LONG2, Jiantao YAO2
Affiliations
  • 1.Huaneng Nuclear Energy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200126, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 3.China Huaneng Shandong Shidao Bay Nuclear Power Co., Ltd., Rongcheng 264312, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037
文章导航
收藏切换
摘要
收起

介绍了高温气冷堆示范工程中直流蒸汽发生器和节流组件的结构特点，分析了沉积物堵塞节流孔的原因和影响因素，并通过高温高压动态循环实验装置模拟研究了高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔处腐蚀产物的沉积规律，包括不同铁源、铁质量分数、流速和pH值对节流孔沉积的影响。结果表明：游离态铁是节流孔沉积物的主要前驱体；节流孔沉积现象随水质中铁质量分数增加而加剧；节流孔沉积速率随局部流速的增加先升高后降低，存在最大沉积流速区间；水质pH值由9.1升至9.7过程中，节流孔沉积现象加剧。研究发现，适当降低给水pH值和优化节流孔结构尺寸（调整流速）是抑制蒸汽发生器节流组件沉积堵塞的有效方法。

高温气冷堆  /  节流孔  /  沉积  /  流速  /  pH值

The structural characteristics of once-through steam generators and throttling assembly in the demonstration project of high-temperature gas cooled reactors were introduced, and the reasons and influencing factors of sediment blocking the throttling holes were analyzed. Moreover, the deposition law of corrosion products on the throttling holes of steam generators in high-temperature gas cooled reactors was studied by dynamic cyclic tests at high temperatures and high pressures, including the effects of different iron sources, iron mass fractions, flow rates, and pH values on throttling hole deposition. The results show that, free iron is the main precursor of throttling pore sediments. The phenomenon of throttling hole sediment increases with the iron mass fraction in water. With the increase of local flow velocity, the sedimentation rate of throttling hole increases at first and then decreases, and there exists a maximum deposition velocity range. As the pH value of the water increases from 9.1 to 9.7, the phenomenon of throttle hole deposition intensifies. It is found that appropriately reducing the pH value of feed water and optimizing throttle hole structure size (adjusting flow rate) are effective methods to inhibit the deposition and blockage of steam generator throttling components.

high temperature gas cooled reactor  /  throttling hole  /  deposition  /  flow velocity  /  pH value
王威, 张贵泉, 吴志军, 贾晶晶, 龙国军, 姚建涛. 高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔腐蚀产物沉积规律实验研究. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (11) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037
Wei WANG, Guiquan ZHANG, Zhijun WU, Jingjing JIA, Guojun LONG, Jiantao YAO. Experimental study on deposition law of corrosion products in throttle orifice of steam generator in high temperature gas cooled reactor[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (11) : 91 -97 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037
正文
收起
蒸汽发生器是高温气冷堆示范工程的关键设备，主要功能是将反应堆产生的热量通过一次侧氦气将二次侧的水加热成过热蒸汽，从而推动汽轮机组发电。高温气冷堆示范工程蒸汽发生器采用直流螺旋管式结构，出入口设计温度分别为203、570 ℃，设计压力14 MPa，能够将过冷水加热到过热蒸汽，推动汽轮机转动发电。为使蒸汽发生器二次侧给水流量与换热管束的换热量匹配，并防止出现气液两相流不稳定，每根传热管入口处均加装有节流组件。节流组件材质为Inconel-718镍基合金，节流孔内径约为3 mm，局部流速约20 m/s，存在沉积堵塞风险。随着机组运行时间的延长，节流孔处产生了严重的腐蚀产物沉积现象，造成传热管给水流量分配不均、蒸汽发生器进出口压差增大，进而导致传热性能下降、出口蒸汽温度出现偏差等问题。
根据火电机组运行经验，采用全挥发处理的火电机组极易发生节流孔沉积堵塞问题，从而导致水冷壁爆管事故。国内多个火电机组投运初期均发生过水冷壁超温导致机组调停消缺和非停事件，这些机组均采用了水冷壁入口布置节流孔板的结构[1-4]。节流孔沉积现象多发生于全挥发给水处理条件下，沉积物主要成分为Fe3O4。有研究人员认为机组运行过程中形成的磁性氧化铁在给水系统中随温度、压力的变化而迁移，由于炉水经过节流孔之后流速突然降低在出口处产生紊流，导致铁氧化物沉积。另一部分研究人员则认为，在节流孔板处流速加快导致微小的铁离子碰撞吸附，长大后的颗粒铁沉积于节流孔板附件。
相关文献报道，在压水堆核电机组的特定区域，如堆芯和蒸汽发生器，同样存在节流孔沉积现象。在压水堆蒸汽发生器的加速流动区域，如管道支撑板和文丘里流量计上，存在节流孔处腐蚀产物沉积现象，导致支撑板或文丘里区域的堵塞，进而引起热交换器水力性能的整体降低，在低电导率的高纯度冷却剂条件下，电动效应可能是节流孔腐蚀产物沉积的驱动力[5-8]。McGrady和Cassineri等人[9-13]针对压水堆一回路节流孔沉积问题开展了系统研究发现，在节流孔入口侧和微孔内都有明显的腐蚀产物沉积现象，且在接近中性pH值水溶液中，节流孔的径向积聚沉积与金属材料无关，是由腐蚀产物向金属表面的质量传输过程控制的。Andrea等人[14]研究了流体动力空化去除节流孔沉积物的方法，通过诱导空化对降低节流孔沉积量有一定促进作用。
为解决高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔沉积问题，本文在模拟高温气冷堆运行期间二回路水化学环境下，研究了不同铁源、铁质量分数、给水流速以及给水pH值变化对节流孔沉积速率的影响规律，为优化机组水化学运行参数提供依据。
1　实验部分
收起
1.1　实验材料
实验材料采用与高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流组件相同的Inconel-718材质。Inconel-718材质按Φ9 mm×2 mm尺寸加工成圆盘试样，中心位置加工直径400 μm的圆孔，用于模拟节流孔。试样分别用200、800、1 500号水磨砂纸逐级打磨后抛光，用丙酮擦洗试样表面油污后备用。
1.2　实验方法
节流孔腐蚀产物沉积模拟实验在图1所示实验装置上开展。节流孔模拟试样按照图2所示夹持方式固定，并安装在节流孔腐蚀产物沉积模拟实验装置循环回路上。由加压泵提供给水系统所需的驱动力，使得循环系统达到最大30 L/h的流量，水经过换热加热至203 ℃后注入节流孔夹持装置内，通过圆盘试样后进行换热、冷却、降压，再回流至储水罐，通过背压阀调节实验压力。实验装置设置了pH值、溶解氧、联氨等在线仪表，可实现对水化学参数的实时监测。
节流孔沉积实验铁源为自腐蚀生成，总铁质量浓度为50 μg/L。本实验控制节流孔试样中心流速20 m/s，温度203 ℃，压力14 MPa，时间24 h。实验后，采用Quanta400HV型扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对节流孔试样的表面微观形貌进行观察分析，并对沉积物进行能谱分析；采用D/max-3C型X射线衍射仪（XRD）对节流孔沉积物的物相进行分析，工作条件为Cu靶的K的（λ=0.154 06 15）辐射，管电压为35 kV，管电流为40 mA。
2　实验结果与讨论
收起
2.1　现场节流孔沉积物
图3为高温气冷堆示范工程蒸汽发生器节流孔沉积物的SEM照片。机组投运约1年后，在蒸汽发生器节流组件发现节流孔沉积现象，沉积物整体呈环状结构，环状沉积物由疏松多孔的细小颗粒堆叠而成，其表面呈现径向沟壑形貌，可能是由于环状沉积物受到径向水流的冲刷所致。这与国内外文献一致[15-16]。
图4为沉积物的XRD谱图。由图4可见，谱图在2θ=18.2°、30.1°、35.8°、43.6°和53.8°衍射角附近检测到归属于Fe3O4的特征衍射峰[17]，表明在还原性水化学工况下高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流孔快速生成环状Fe3O4沉积物。
2.2　不同铁源对节流孔沉积的影响
在高温气冷堆二回路给水系统中，铁以离子形态和颗粒形态分布于水相环境中，较高的pH值将部分离子铁转化为胶体铁。本文分别采用2种铁源开展节流孔沉积模拟实验：一种是颗粒铁，即采用颗粒尺寸20 nm的Fe3O4粉末为铁源；另一种是自腐蚀铁，即采用碳钢试样在超纯水中自腐蚀生成的含铁水溶液。节流孔沉积模拟实验条件为：pH值9.7，联氨质量浓度50 μg/L，溶解氧质量浓度小于2 μg/L，节流孔局部流速20 m/s，总铁质量浓度为50 μg/L，实验时间24 h。图5为不同铁源实验后节流孔试样SEM表征结果。
由图5a)可见，以纳米Fe3O4为铁源实验后节流孔周边光洁平整，未见明显的沉积现象。与之相比，以自腐蚀铁为铁源，在还原性高pH值水质环境中，节流孔周边发生明显的腐蚀产物沉积现象（图5b)），节流孔周边沉积物疏松多孔，为小颗粒堆积而成，且在靠近节流孔边缘位置呈现较浅的径向沟壑形貌，这与图3所示现场节流孔沉积物形貌特征基本一致。
采用X射线能谱对节流孔区域进行在线扫描分析，结果见图6。由图6a)可见，以纳米Fe3O4为铁源开展实验后，节流孔周边区域同时检测Cr、Fe、Ni、O元素的能谱变化曲线，在节流孔径向扫描范围内各元素强度基本平稳，证明在该水质条件下未发生明显的腐蚀产物沉积现象。由图6b)可见，自腐蚀铁源在节流孔周边生成沉积物，节流孔径向线扫描曲线表明沉积物氧质量分数明显高于其他区域，证明了氧化铁的生成。
综上所述，纳米Fe3O4无法在节流孔位置沉积，自腐蚀铁在节流孔边缘发生明显的沉积现象，且与现场沉积物形貌相当，证明了离子态自腐蚀铁是节流孔沉积物的主要前驱体，这与英国Cassineri团队[12]的研究结果一致。
2.3　铁质量浓度对节流孔沉积的影响
以自腐蚀铁为铁源，研究水质中铁质量浓度对节流孔沉积速率的影响。节流孔沉积模拟实验条件为：pH值9.7，联氨质量浓度50 μg/L，溶解氧质量浓度小于2 μg/L，节流孔局部流速20 m/s，实验时间24 h。实验结果见图7。对比图7中不同铁质量浓度实验后的节流孔SEM表征照片发现，在铁质量浓度范围内节流孔周边均出现氧化铁沉积现象，且随着水质中铁质量浓度增加沉积现象加剧。当水质铁质量浓度为50 μg/L时，沉积物主要集中于节流孔边缘，沉积半径约为150 μm；当提高水质铁质量浓度至500 μg/L时，节流孔周边沉积范围显著增加，沉积半径达到约300 μm。可见，随着水质中铁质量浓度的增加，大大提高了水质中节流孔沉物前驱体，增加了前驱物与节流孔的接触概率，从而导致节流孔腐蚀产物沉积现象加重。因此，降低水中铁质量浓度对减缓节流孔沉积堵塞具有显著促进作用，是抑制节流孔沉积的重要手段之一。
2.4　流速对节流孔沉积的影响
根据高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器传热管设计流量计算得知节流孔的平均流速约为20 m/s，由于机组运行负荷变化导致流速差异，因此考察了节流孔流速对沉积速率的影响。实验条件为：总铁质量浓度50 μg/L，pH值9.7，联氨质量浓度50 μg/L，溶解氧质量浓度小于2 μg/L，节流孔局部流速分别为10、20、30 m/s，实验时间24 h。图8为不同流速下实验后节流孔的SEM表征结果。
在考察的流速变化范围内，节流孔沉积程度存在显著差异。由图8a)可见：当流速为10 m/s时，节流孔周边生成稀疏的颗粒状堆积物，其沉积半径约为80 μm；值得注意的是，沉积物并未与节流孔边缘紧密衔接，存在约5 μm的洁净区，这可能是由于孔口边缘流速急剧增加，导致在高流速下诱导金属氧化物的机械去除[18]。由图8b)可见：随着流速由10 m/s提高至20 m/s，节流孔沉积速率显著增加，沉积物堆积量明显大于10 m/s，在相同实验条件下节流孔边缘沉积物的沉积半径达到150 μm。由图8c)可见，当节流孔流速提高至30 m/s时，节流孔边缘仅在局部区域存在少量沉积物，其他区域光洁平整，可能是由于高流速作用下沉积物发生剥离现象，导致腐蚀产物沉积难度增加。
对比不同流速下节流孔SEM表征结果发现，腐蚀产物沉积速率与沉积半径正相关，因此采用沉积物半径对沉积速率进行定量分析，分析结果见图9。由图9可见，节流孔沉积速率随着流速的升高先增加后降低，在20 m/s流速附近获得最大沉积速率。推测可知，在高流速水环境中节流孔边缘游离态铁受到双重作用力，一种作用力促进水中游离铁在金属表面沉积，该作用力随着流速的增加而增强；其次，在节流孔边缘还存在径向水流的冲刷作用，即流体剪切力，当流速高于20 m/s时，随着流速升高流体剪切力的增加程度远大于沉积作用力的增加，导致节流孔沉积速率显著降低。
Cassineri等人[18]模拟研究了还原工况下流速对节流孔沉积速率的影响规律，发现在230 ℃和12 MPa下节流孔沉积速率随着流速的增加先升高后降低，在7~20 m/s的流速时沉积速率随流速快速升高，并在20 m/s附近达到最大值，当流速高于20 m/s时，节流孔沉积速率开始逐步降低。这与本文研究结果一致。因此认为流速的增加与层流亚层厚度的减小有关，随着层流亚层厚度减少，铁离子向金属传递阻力减少，沉积速率加快；其次，铁离子与金属间的电动效应强度也会随着流速的增加而增加[19-21]。与沉积作用相反，节流孔边缘存在的流体剪切力在高流速时会诱导金属氧化物的机械去除。节流孔沉积堵塞过程是在质量传输控制下发生的，总体沉积速率同时受到电动效应和流体诱导机械去除作用的影响。
2.5　pH值对节流孔沉积的影响
pH值是控制给水系统水化学腐蚀的重要指标，高温气冷堆二回路主给水pH值设计范围为9.5~9.8，其目的是防止二回路系统流动加速腐蚀引起的设备损坏，同时降低给水中总铁质量浓度。Stefano模拟研究了核电一回路加氢水化学环境下Li质量浓度对节流孔沉积的影响，发现随着Li质量浓度的升高节流孔沉积物形貌和生成速率显著变化，证明了pH值也是影响节流孔腐蚀产物沉积的重要影响因素[22]。因此，本文考察pH值对节流孔沉积速率的影响规律。试验条件为：水质总铁质量浓度50 μg/L，联氨质量浓度50 μg/L，溶解氧质量浓度小于2 μg/L，节流孔局部流速20 m/s，实验时间24 h。图10为不同pH值实验后节流孔SEM表征结果。由图10可见，在pH值范围9.1~9.7内，节流孔边缘均发生氧化铁沉积现象。由图10b)可见，当水质pH值由9.7降至9.5时，节流孔边缘的沉积物厚度明显降低，沉积物形貌与前者（图10a)）相似，但是整体形态更加疏松。当水质pH值降至9.3时（图10c)），节流孔边缘呈现半径约105 μm的环状沉积物，为纳米尺寸晶体颗粒堆叠而成，值得注意的是，沉积物并未与节流孔边缘紧密衔接，存在约5 μm的洁净区，这可能是由于紧邻孔口区域的机械去除力大于沉积作用力。当水质pH值继续降至9.1时（图10d)），节流孔沉积现象进一步减弱，距离节流孔边缘30 μm处才开始沉积稀疏的氧化物颗粒。
图11为节流孔腐蚀产物沉积半径随水质pH值的变化关系曲线。由图11可见，pH值在9.1~9.7内，节流孔沉积半径几乎随pH值的增加呈线性增加。当pH值为9.1时，腐蚀产物沉积半径仅为70 μm，当pH值为9.7时，沉积半径迅速提高至150 μm。因此，较高的pH值是影响高温气冷堆节流孔沉积的重要影响因素之一，降低水质pH值对抑制节流孔沉积具有良好的促进作用。
文献[23-25]报道，节流孔沉积可能遵循壁电流电动效应机理，在还原性的高pH值水化学环境中，双电层离子剪切引起的流动电流导致Fe2+氧化为Fe3+，并最终以Fe3O4形态沉积。Cassineri研究了水质pH值对节流孔沉积的影响，认为随着pH值的升高导致了2种对流动电流产生相反影响的现象：一方面，在高pH值下水的电导率显著增加，双电层厚度减小，从而降低了流动电流的大小；另一方面，水质的碱化导致了溶解铁ZETA电位向更负的方向移动，流动电流与ZETA电位呈正比关系，即随着pH值升高流动电流增大[18,26]。由此推测，在本文研究的pH值范围内，随着水质pH值升高引起了溶解铁ZETA电位的负向增长，进而流动电流的增加占主导地位，导致节流孔沉积速率随着pH值的升高而加剧。降低pH值对抑制节流孔沉积起促进作用，这为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流组件的沉积堵塞问题提供了新的解决思路和技术路线。然而，过低的pH值容易引发给水系统流动加速腐蚀问题，仍需进一步验证。
3　结论
收起
本文在模拟高温气冷堆运行期间二回路水化学环境下，研究了不同铁源、铁质量分数、给水流速以及给水pH值变化对节流孔沉积速率的影响规律。主要结论如下。
1）在高pH值还原性工况下，高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流组组件存在节流孔沉积风险，节流孔沉积物为Fe3O4，集中沉积于节流孔进水侧孔口边缘。
2）水相中游离态铁是节流孔沉积物的前驱体，在碱性水化学条件下以胶体铁形态分散于水中。
3）水中铁质量浓度、节流孔流速、水质pH值均是影响节流孔沉积速率的重要因素，降低给水铁质量浓度，优化节流孔结构尺寸进而调整节流孔流速均可改性节流孔沉积速率。其次，调节蒸汽发生器入口水质pH值至9.1~9.3，可显著降低节流孔沉积速率，这为高温气冷堆蒸汽发生器节流组件的沉积堵塞问题提供了简单有效的解决思路。但是，需要同时考虑降低pH值引起的流动加速腐蚀风险。
基金
收起
  • 中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-H09)
文献
收起
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式：
［1］
邵天佑, 闻国华. 直流锅炉水冷壁节流孔板磁性氧化铁沉积探讨[J]. 华电技术, 2009, 31(6): 45-47.
SHAO Tianyou, WEN Guohua. Investigation on magnetic oxide iron deposition of throttle orifice plate in once-through boiler waterwall[J]. Huadian Technology, 2009, 31(6): 45-47.
［2］
邵天佑. 超超临界机组锅炉水冷壁节流孔板结垢的处理[J]. 热力发电, 2010, 39(3): 75-77.
SHAO Tianyou. Scaling on throttle plate of the water-wall in boiler for ultra-supercritical unit and disposal thereof[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2010, 39(3): 75-77.
［3］
刘玉海. 超超临界机组直流锅炉水冷壁节流孔圈结垢堵塞超温防范对策[J]. 广东电力, 2012, 25(7): 110-113.
LIU Yuhai. Countermeasures against superheat due to fouling blocked throttling orifice of water wall of concurrent boiler in ultra supercritical units[J]. Guangdong Electric Power, 2012, 25(7): 110-113.
［4］
张丽霞, 冯朝晖. 超超临界锅炉管道事故及原因分析[J]. 武汉大学学报, 2011, 44(2): 261-265.
ZHANG Lixia, FENG Chaohui. Pipeline materials selection and cause analysis of accidents in pipeline for ultra supercritical boiler[J]. Engineering Journal of Wuhan University, 2011, 44(2): 261-265.
［5］
HENSHAW J, MCGURK J C, SIMS H E, et al. A model of chemistry and thermal hydraulics in PWR fuel crud deposits[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2006, 353: 1-11.
［6］
CIONCOLINI A, SCENINI F, DUFF J. Micro-orifice single-phase liquid flow: pressure drop measurements and prediction[J]. Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science, 2015, 65: 33-40.
［7］
HOLDSWORTH S, SCENINI F, BURKE M G, et al. The effect of high-temperature water chemistry and dissolved zinc on the cobalt incorporation on type 316 stainless steel oxide[J]. Corrosion Science, 2018, 140: 241-251.
［8］
YANG G, POINTEAU V, TEVISSEN E, et al. A review on clogging of recirculating steam generators in pressurized-water reactors[J]. Progress in Nuclear Energy, 2017, 97: 182-196.
［9］
MCGRADY J, SCENINI F, DUFF J, et al. Investigation into the effect of water chemistry on corrosion product formation in areas of accelerated flow[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2017, 493: 271-279.
［10］
MCGRADY J, DUFF J, STEVENS N, et al. Development of a microfluidic setup to study the corrosion product deposition in accelerated flow regions[J]. Nature Partner Journals, 2017, 21: 1-9.
［11］
MAX S, STEFANO C, ANDREA C, et al. CRUD removal via hydrodynamic cavitation in micro-orifices[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2019, 343: 210-217.
［12］
CASSINERI S, DUFF J, CURIONI M, et al. Scenini, CRUD deposition in accelerated high-temperature water: investigation on the effect of substrate material and water chemistry[J]. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 2020, 529: 151915-151926.
［13］
CASSINERI J, DUFF M, CURIONI A, et al. The influence of metal substrate on CRUD build-up under simulated PWR conditions[C]. International Conference on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors. Boston USA, 2019.
［14］
ANDREA C, FABIO S, JONATHAN D, et al. Choked cavitation in micro-orifices an experimental study[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 74: 49-57.
［15］
沈琦, 刘鸿国, 杨菁. 超超临界垂直管圈直流炉水冷壁节流孔圈垢物聚结原因分析及预防[J]. 华东电力, 2009, 37(5): 877-879.
SHEN Qi, LIU Hongguo, YANG Jing. Analysis and prevention of sulfate scale on throttle orifices for water walls of USC vertical tube coil once-through boilers[J]. East China Electric Power, 2009, 37(5): 877-879.
［16］
MAX S, ANDREA C, FABIO S, et al. Effect of thickness to diameter ratio on micro-orifice single-phase liquid flow at low Reynolds number[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 97: 218-222.
［17］
张鑫, 李鑫钢, 姜斌. 四氧化三铁纳米粒子合成及表征[J]. 化学工业与工程, 2006, 23(1): 45-48.
ZHANG Xin, LI Xingang, JIANG Bin. Preparation and characterization of nanometer magnetite[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering, 2006, 23(1): 45-48.
［18］
STEFANO C, JONATHAN D, ANDREA C, et al. Deposition of corrosion products under pressurised water nuclear reactor conditions: the effect of flow velocity and dissolved hydrogen[J]. Corrosion Science, 2019, 159: 108113-108122.
［19］
EPSTEIN N. Elements of particle deposition onto nonporous solid surfaces parallel to suspension flows[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 1997, 14: 323-334.
［20］
GUILLODO M, GUINGO M, FOUCAULT M, et al. Experimental and numerical study of deposit formation in secondary side SG and TSP by electro kinetic approach[C]. Nuclear Plant Chemistry Conference, 2012.
［21］
BRUN C, ENGLER N, BERTHOLLON G, et al. Investigation on the relation between pressure drops and fluid chemical treatment[C]. International conference of Water Chemistry of Nuclear Reactor Systems, 2002.
［22］
CASSINERI S, CIONCOLINI A, CURIONI M, et al. Understanding the effect of Li and flow velocity on corrosion deposition at 230 ℃ hydrogenated water[J]. Corrosion Science, 2020, 168: 108588-108598.
［23］
STEFANO C, MICHELE C, ANDREW B, et al. Exploring the effect of cathodic polarization to mitigate CRUD deposition[J]. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2020, 366: 110764-110770.
［24］
FABIO S, GAETANO P, NICHOLAS S, et al. Investigation of the role of electro kinetic effects in corrosion deposit formation[J]. Corrosion Science, 2014, 87: 71-79.
［25］
ANDREA C, STEFANO C, JONATHAN D, et al. Micro-orifice single-phase flow at very high Reynolds number[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2018, 91: 35-40.
［26］
VIDOJKOVIC S M, RAKIN M P. Surface properties of magnetite in high temperature aqueous electrolyte solutions: a review[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2017, 245: 108-129.
2025年第54卷第11期
PDF下载
92
42
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037
  • 接收时间：2025-02-18
  • 首发时间：2026-01-13
  • 出版时间：2025-11-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2025-02-18
基金
Science and Technology Project of China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ22-H09)
中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ22-H09)
作者信息
    1.华能核能技术研究院有限公司，上海　200126
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
    3.华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司，山东　荣成　264312

通讯作者:

张贵泉（1985），男，博士，高级工程师，主要研究方向为核电机组水化学腐蚀与控制关键技术，。
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202502037
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏
相关链接
论文
最新文章
热读文章
热点专题
内参
蓝皮书
产业发展报告
传播力报告
期刊分级目录
资讯
学术新闻
行业新闻
学术会议
行业会议
关于
关于我们
联系我们
北京市海淀区学院南路86号
100081
010-62199257
qkjq@cast.org.cn

中国科学技术协会版权所有 京ICP 备10216604号-4 海淀分局备案 1101084647
科技导报社主办 中国科协信息中心技术支持