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Article(id=1217836020331103029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202502070, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739980800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-20, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1768284333545, onlineDateStr=2026-01-13, pubDate=1764000000000, pubDateStr=2025-11-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1768284333545, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-13, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1768284333545, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284333545, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1217836019408360416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2025', volume='54', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='168', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1768284333326, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1768284453982, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1217836525543408117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1217836525543408118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1217836019408360416, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=68, endPage=75, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1217836020578566968, articleId=1217836020331103029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Experimental study on ammonia combustion based on micro gas turbine model combustion chamber, columnId=1217836020515652407, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Renewable energy power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the ignition and stable combustion performance of ammonia fuel in simulated combustion chambers of gas turbines, ignition and combustion experiments were conducted on ammonia gas with different preheating temperatures and cracking degrees, and the ignition and combustion laws of ammonia fuel under certain experimental conditions were obtained. The results indicate that, stable combustion of ammonia requires a cracking degree of not less than 30% and an air preheater temperature of not less than 643 K. Within the temperature range of 743~943 K and combustion duration of 5~40 seconds in the air preheater, the internal temperature, tail temperature, and pressure of the combustion chamber generally increase with the preheater temperature and combustion duration. The NO emission volume fraction is significantly affected by the temperature of the preheater, it reaches the minimum (376 μL/L) at 673 K when the combustion efficiency is 96%. The zero dimensional simulation results show that, increasing pressure, ammonia cracking degree and temperature can help shorten the ignition delay time, and higher hydrogen content and slightly enriched combustion state can promote the increase of laminar flame velocity and optimize the combustion of ammonia.

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为探索氨燃料在燃气轮机燃烧室模拟件内的点火和稳定燃烧性能，分别对不同预热温度及裂解度的氨气进行点火燃烧实验研究，获得一定实验条件下氨燃料的点火及燃烧规律。实验结果表明：氨气稳定燃烧需满足裂解度不小于30%且空气预热器温度不小于643 K；在空气预热器温度743~943 K，燃烧时长5~40 s内，燃烧室内部温度、尾部温度及压力基本随空气预热器温度与燃烧时长的增加而升高；空气预热器温度显著影响NO排放，在673 K时NO排放体积分数最低，为376 μL/L，此时燃烧效率为96%。零维模拟计算结果表明，增大压力、氨气裂解度和温度有助于缩短点火延迟时间，且较高的氢气含量和略微富燃的状态可促进层流火焰速度的增加，优化氨的燃烧。

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吴殿武（1985），男，博士，主要研究方向为氢氨融合动力，。
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李坤（1998），男，硕士，主要研究方向为掺氨燃烧发电试验及仿真，。

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李坤（1998），男，硕士，主要研究方向为掺氨燃烧发电试验及仿真，。

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李坤（1998），男，硕士，主要研究方向为掺氨燃烧发电试验及仿真，。

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articleId=1217836020331103029, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Ignition and combustion data of different degrees of ammonia cracking

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
氨气裂解度/%氨供给流量/(g·s–1)空气预热器温度/K空气流量/(g·s–1)T130/KT230/KP230/×105 Pa
06.859432227557454.78
106.179432227057054.08
304.809432221 4761 0655.24
), ArticleFig(id=1217836030154162459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1217836020331103029, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同氨气裂解度点火燃烧数据

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氨气裂解度/%氨供给流量/(g·s–1)空气预热器温度/K空气流量/(g·s–1)T130/KT230/KP230/×105 Pa
06.859432227557454.78
106.179432227057054.08
304.809432221 4761 0655.24
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基于微燃气轮机模型燃烧室的氨燃烧实验
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李坤 1 , 吴殿武 1 , 陈龙威 1 , 陈治强 2 , 范学军 2, 3 , 陈亮 1
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术 2025,54(11): 68-75
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热力发电 | 新能源发电技术 2025, 54(11): 68-75
基于微燃气轮机模型燃烧室的氨燃烧实验
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李坤1 , 吴殿武1 , 陈龙威1, 陈治强2, 范学军2, 3, 陈亮1
作者信息
  • 1.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院，安徽　合肥　230001
  • 2.合肥中科重明科技有限公司，安徽　合肥　230000
  • 3.中国科学院高温气体动力学国家重点实验室，北京　100190

    • 李坤（1998），男，硕士，主要研究方向为掺氨燃烧发电试验及仿真，。

通讯作者:

吴殿武（1985），男，博士，主要研究方向为氢氨融合动力，。
Experimental study on ammonia combustion based on micro gas turbine model combustion chamber
Kun LI1 , Dianwu WU1 , Longwei CHEN1, Zhiqiang CHEN2, Xuejun FAN2, 3, Liang CHEN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Energy, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei 230001, China
  • 2.Hefei Zhongke Chongming Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230000, China
  • 3.State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
出版时间: 2025-11-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502070
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摘要
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为探索氨燃料在燃气轮机燃烧室模拟件内的点火和稳定燃烧性能，分别对不同预热温度及裂解度的氨气进行点火燃烧实验研究，获得一定实验条件下氨燃料的点火及燃烧规律。实验结果表明：氨气稳定燃烧需满足裂解度不小于30%且空气预热器温度不小于643 K；在空气预热器温度743~943 K，燃烧时长5~40 s内，燃烧室内部温度、尾部温度及压力基本随空气预热器温度与燃烧时长的增加而升高；空气预热器温度显著影响NO排放，在673 K时NO排放体积分数最低，为376 μL/L，此时燃烧效率为96%。零维模拟计算结果表明，增大压力、氨气裂解度和温度有助于缩短点火延迟时间，且较高的氢气含量和略微富燃的状态可促进层流火焰速度的增加，优化氨的燃烧。

氨燃料  /  预热温度  /  裂解度  /  燃烧时间  /  零维模拟

To explore the ignition and stable combustion performance of ammonia fuel in simulated combustion chambers of gas turbines, ignition and combustion experiments were conducted on ammonia gas with different preheating temperatures and cracking degrees, and the ignition and combustion laws of ammonia fuel under certain experimental conditions were obtained. The results indicate that, stable combustion of ammonia requires a cracking degree of not less than 30% and an air preheater temperature of not less than 643 K. Within the temperature range of 743~943 K and combustion duration of 5~40 seconds in the air preheater, the internal temperature, tail temperature, and pressure of the combustion chamber generally increase with the preheater temperature and combustion duration. The NO emission volume fraction is significantly affected by the temperature of the preheater, it reaches the minimum (376 μL/L) at 673 K when the combustion efficiency is 96%. The zero dimensional simulation results show that, increasing pressure, ammonia cracking degree and temperature can help shorten the ignition delay time, and higher hydrogen content and slightly enriched combustion state can promote the increase of laminar flame velocity and optimize the combustion of ammonia.

ammonia fuel  /  preheating temperature  /  cracking degree  /  combustion time  /  zero dimensional simulation
李坤, 吴殿武, 陈龙威, 陈治强, 范学军, 陈亮. 基于微燃气轮机模型燃烧室的氨燃烧实验. 热力发电, 2025 , 54 (11) : 68 -75 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502070
Kun LI, Dianwu WU, Longwei CHEN, Zhiqiang CHEN, Xuejun FAN, Liang CHEN. Experimental study on ammonia combustion based on micro gas turbine model combustion chamber[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2025 , 54 (11) : 68 -75 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502070
正文
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气候变化已成为全球性挑战，大量化石能源开采与燃烧导致的二氧化碳排放加剧了这一危机[1-2]。在此背景下，开发零碳能源体系是实现“双碳”目标的必然选择。氢能作为清洁高效的二次能源备受关注，但其低密度、宽可燃极限及高扩散性带来的储运安全隐患制约了规模化应用[3-5]。相较之下，氨作为氢能载体展现出独特优势：常温常压下即可液化，能量密度较高，且拥有成熟的合成工艺和全球运输网络[6-9]。特别是可再生能源电解水合成氨的“绿氨”技术发展，使其成为极具潜力的零碳能源载体。
然而，氨燃料的高自燃温度、低层流燃烧速度、燃烧过程易产生氮氧化物（NOx）及未燃氨排放等问题突出，制约了其直接应用[10-14]。为此，学者们提出了燃料掺混改性、预分解调控、燃烧器优化等多种技术路径。在燃料协同燃烧方面，张晓磊等[15]研究发现掺入体积分数35%的氢气可使氨、氢、空气混合气的火焰传播速度提升至纯氨的3.2倍，但NO生成量也同步增加50%。赵争辉等[16]通过不同氢气占比的氨氢混合燃料与空气当量比（Φ）调控发现NO排放量在Φ=0.8时达到峰值，揭示了贫燃工况的污染物控制难点。刘祥涛等[17]证实添加体积分数10%的氢气可使氨火焰稳定温度降低120 ℃，为燃烧室设计提供了重要参数。
在燃烧过程优化方面，黄文仕等[18]通过预分解调控实现了双重效益：当预分解率从0增至30%时，火焰温度提升15%，NOx排放量降低40%，同时余热回收使燃烧效率提高8%。Somarathne等人[19-20]开发的分级燃烧技术结合旋流器优化，使NO排放量较传统燃烧降低65%。Okafor等人[21]通过三维数值模拟阐明了当量比Φ对NO生成的主导作用，当燃烧室上游Φ>1.2时，NO排放量呈指数级增长。宋权斌等[22]在微型燃气轮机燃烧室中的研究发现，掺氢体积分数为35%~50%时华白数稳定在19.9~21.7 MJ/m³，但NOx排放量随掺氢量增加呈二次函数增长，揭示出燃料改性与排放控制的矛盾关系。
尽管国内外学者在氨燃烧基础研究方面取得了显著进展，但针对微型燃气轮机这一分布式能源核心装备的应用研究仍存在明显不足：现有研究多集中于实验室燃烧器，缺乏实际机组工况下的燃烧特性分析。为此，本研究以某型35 kW级微型燃气轮机为对象，采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究氨裂解度、预热空气温度对点火特性、火焰稳定性及NOx排放的影响规律。研究成果将为氨燃料在分布式能源系统的工程应用提供理论支撑，助力“双碳”目标下动力装备的低碳化转型。
1　实验简介
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1.1　燃烧室实验系统
燃烧实验在模型燃烧室进行，实验系统如图1所示。该系统包含液氨供应系统、电磁加热汽化系统、空气供应系统、蓄热式加热系统、氢气及氮气供应系统、助燃剂供应系统、液氨喷注盘及模型燃烧室等。其中，供应的液氨和空气分别采用电磁加热器和蓄热式加热器进行预热。供应的氢气和部分氮气作为氨裂解产物，并在进入燃烧室前的混合腔与氨气均匀混合。实验需要用到的氮气路有燃烧氮气、吹除氮气、控制氮气以及挤压氮气。燃烧氮气即为供应模拟氨气分解并进行燃烧时产生的氮气；吹除氮气用于吹除氨气气路、氢气气路和助燃剂气路的残余气体；控制氮气用于空气路的截止阀、氢气路截止阀的启闭控制；挤压氮气则用于给氨储罐加压。
模型燃烧室由主燃室、上环腔、下环腔构成，通过三维打印技术制造，其具体结构如图2所示。经压气机、回热器加压预热的来流进入燃烧室后分流进入3个腔体中；模型燃烧室的中间腔体为主燃室，其入口处分布着燃料喷口，来流经喷口产生旋转气流并裹挟着部分空气汇入主燃室；主燃区两侧的上下环腔为冷流区，其内部有众多交叉的加强筋，以提升腔体结构强度及湍流扰动换热，环腔气流最终经尾部掺混孔汇入主燃室与高温燃气混合，降低燃烧室出口气体温度，避免高温损坏涡轮叶片。实验中使用温度、压力传感器监测燃烧室内部（130 mm处）气体温度、燃烧室尾部（230 mm处）气体温度及压力的变化。
1.2　氨裂解燃烧实验方法
氨裂解燃烧实验系统如图1所示。在每组工况开始前，检查实验台燃烧氮气、控制氮气、吹除氮气、氢气、助燃剂、供氨系统、测试件、点火器系统、管路、阀门、接头、测控采集等系统，确保安装达到实验要求；安装完成后，检查各气体管路，确保气体不发生泄漏；根据实验工况，将各调压阀调整到设计压力。
为优化实验中氨的燃烧效率，本实验采用贫燃燃烧组织模式。该模式通过维持较低的燃料/空气当量比（τ），确保燃料在富氧环境中充分燃烧。燃料注入过程如下：液氨混合燃料首先汇入喷注盘入口，再分别流经喷注盘上均匀分布的9个燃料喷嘴，最终通过燃料喷嘴中心的限流小孔喷入主燃室空间（图3）。其中，液氨流量由各燃料喷嘴限流孔上游与下游之间的压差决定并调节。喷注盘上同时均匀布置有3个点火器，当燃料喷入主燃烧室后，即由这些点火器放电产生火花，引燃混合气，完成点火。
在进行氨裂解燃烧实验时，确保系统气密性良好、各项工作准备完毕后，开始实验。实验可分为点火前预热混合阶段、点火燃烧阶段、点火后吹除余气阶段，重点关注点火燃烧阶段中模型燃烧室温度、压力等物性参量随条件变化情况。
1.3　实验工况设定
为保证通入的氨气、氢气能够充分燃烧，设定通入模型燃烧室的燃料与空气的总当量比τ为0.19，其中主燃室当量比τ为0.54，τ<1即空气量过剩，属于贫燃烧状态。实验时液氨电磁加热器统一设置为973 K，分别测定不同氨裂解度、空气预热器温度、燃烧时长下的实验数据。
2　实验结果分析
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2.1　氨气裂解度
模型燃烧室内的燃烧时长（从点火开始，到燃料停止供应结束）固定为10 s，液氨电磁加热器温度设置为973 K，空气预热器温度设置为943 K，供给的空气流量为222 g/s，纯氨直接供给流量为6.85 g/s，同时保证实验时氨总流量（直接供给氨流量+模拟裂解氨流量）保持一致，具体数据见表1。表1中T130为130 mm处最高温度，T230为230 mm处最高温度，P230为230 mm处最高压力。
由表1可知：纯氨燃烧以及模拟氨10%裂解燃烧实验中的T130、T230均远在氨着火点（氨气自燃点925 K）以下，均未成功点火；模拟氨30%裂解燃烧实验则实现稳定燃烧。为保证氨的稳定燃烧，其裂解度不小于30%。氨分解反应是吸热反应，在高温环境下会自发裂解产生高活性的氢，在催化剂（如镍、钌等）作用下反应活化能和反应条件、反应速率会得到优化。在混合气中氢气体积分数达到某一比例后，氨燃烧过程可保持自持；氢扩散速度、火焰传播速度快，将迅速燃烧放热为氨的吸热裂解提供能量，同时H2燃烧产生的H、O、OH自由基进一步加速氨分解，降低纯氨燃料的点火难度，提升混合燃料火焰传播速度及稳定性。30%氨气裂解后生成了大量氢气，易燃的氢气带来的高温火焰提升主燃室内部温度，减小了氨反应活化能，且氢气燃烧产生大量活性自由基会攻击氨的化学键，导致氨分子失稳发生反应。同时，30%氨裂解实验结果表明，T130上升最快的阶段仅在燃烧时间前20%，此后的升温速率逐渐减小。上述结果说明，燃烧初期产生的火焰导致燃烧室内部温度出现剧烈上升，往后趋于稳定。
2.2　空气预热器温度
氨气供给量4.80 g/s、空气流量222 g/s保持不变，氨气裂解度30%、液氨电磁加热器973 K、空气预热器温度943 K及10 s燃烧时长的条件下，可实现成功点火及稳定燃烧。保持氨气裂解度30%、液氨电磁加热器温度973 K、燃烧时长10 s不变，探究不同空气预热器温度对模型燃烧室点火燃烧影响。空气预热器温度分别为643、743、843、943 K，实验结果见图4。由图4可知：在743、843、943 K的空气预热器温度下，燃烧室内部监测点最高温度T130均远高于氨着火点，实现成功点火及稳定燃烧；然而，在空气预热器温度643 K下，燃烧室内部监测点最高温度仅有510 K，远低于氨着火点温度，故判定此工况下未能成功点火。故空气预热器温度须设置在643 K以上，方能保证预热空气携带足够的热量实现成功点火燃烧。
由图4可知：T130、T230、P230基本随着空气预热器温度的提升而逐步增加，843 K空气预热器温度下的燃烧室尾部最大压力P230显著偏低，其原因可能是压力传感器接触所致；如前文所述，在643~743 K的空气预热器温度中存在一临界温度，使得模型燃烧室恰好能实现稳定点火及燃烧，此时所消耗的预热能量最少。实验中，经空气预热器加热的空气流经模型燃烧室，往其内部引入物理热，使得气体分子碰撞速率加快，临界状态下发生反应，产生大量化学热。
2.3　燃烧时长影响
氨气裂解度30%、液氨电磁加热器973 K、空气预热器温度943 K，分别对模型燃烧室进行持续燃烧时长为5、10、20、40 s的点火燃烧实验。不同燃烧时长下的关键温度及压力如图5所示。由图5可知：130 mm处温度、230 mm处温度、230 mm处压力的最高监测值基本随着燃烧时长的增加而稳步提升，燃烧变得更加充分且完全；在40 s的燃烧时长下，130 mm处量程为1 573 K的热电偶已被完全烧坏，表明此时该监测点的温度已远远超出1 573 K；在20 s的燃烧时长下，230 mm处压力监测最高值明显偏低，可能是因为取样点的压力监测传感器存在接触不良等问题。
2.4　氮氧化物检测
为全面评估氨燃气轮机的燃烧特性，对燃烧室喷口的尾气进行定量监测与分析。在空气加热器943 K、液氨电磁加热器973 K中，模拟的氨裂解度为30%，实验总时长50 s，第10~30 s为燃烧阶段，图6展示了实验过程关键物理量的变化。对于该模型燃烧室氨氢混合燃料的最高燃烧温度普遍低于1 600 K，此时产生的热力型NOx可忽略。氨分子中氮原子的质量占比82%，其燃烧时燃料氮转化是NOx主要来源，其反应路径高度依赖局部当量比τ和温度，贫燃下的OH/O自由基浓度高，加速NHx氧化为NO，富燃下的H自由基增加，促进NHx还原为N2。为保证氨充分燃烧，设定通入模型燃烧室燃料与空气的总当量比τ为0.19（主燃室当量比τ为0.54）是极度富氧贫燃，燃料氮转化率颇大，导致NOx排放量极高。
从图6可以看出，在第10~30 s的燃烧阶段，随着混合气体燃烧逐渐增强，燃烧室喷口处的NOx含量迅速上升，而氧气体积分数则逐渐下降。燃烧结束后，130 mm处的最高温度为1 476 K，230 mm处的最高温度为1 168 K。需注意的是，230 mm处采集到的压力数据由于喷口处安装了敞口的烟气分析仪，因此显著偏低。在喷口尾气中，NOx的主要成分为NO和NO2，其中NO占总NOx体积分数的90%以上。值得指出的是，尾气中NOx体积分数超过9×10–4，这使得难以直接进行催化还原；同时，尾气中的氧气体积分数仍保持在较高水平。因此，可考虑采用多次废气再循环燃烧的方式，以充分利用氧气，并在进行催化还原前将NOx降低到较低水平。
在673、843、943 K的空气预热器条件下，比较喷口处NO的生成情况，结果如图7所示。结果表明：随着空气温度的升高，NO的生成量逐渐增加；当空气预热器温度为673 K时，NO生成量最低，为376 μL/L）。较低的空气预热器温度导致NO生成量较少，可能是此时的燃料型NO生成反应速率较低，同时氨基等还原性基团对NO的消耗速率较高，从而呈现出更低的NO生成量。
2.5　零维反应计算
模型燃烧室实验捕捉了实际实验面临的复杂物理环境中氨燃烧的宏观性能表现。受限于实际反应过程的复杂性，难以全面分析所有关键的当量比τ、掺混比例和初始温度工况，难以深入揭示其微观反应机理。零维模拟则有效弥补了这些不足，其优点包括：有助于分离化学效应与物理效应，明确哪些现象主要由化学反应动力学本身驱动；更便于深入探索实验难以实现的宽广工况参数；以关键参数解释实验现象，如点火延迟时间过长可直接解释实验中观察到的点火困难，层流火焰速度过低则能解释火焰不稳定或吹熄风险；理论计算的燃气出口温度可与实验测量值进行对比验证，评估系统热损失。因此，零维模拟与实验测试实质上构成了强有力的互补关系，共同支撑对氨燃烧特性的全面理解。本研究零维计算采取的分析软件为ANSYS Chemkin-Pro，采用的氨燃烧机理[23]包括34种组分和252种反应。为了验证该氨燃料燃烧机理的有效性，分别利用该机理计算了点火延迟时间和层流火焰速度，并将计算结果与实验数据进行了对比。
图8为点火延迟时间随温度变化规律。采用封闭式均相间歇反应器模型计算点火延迟时间，针对上述燃料混合物，分别在1.2×0.101 325 MPa （1.2个大气压）和10×0.101 325 MPa（10个大气压）下进行了点火延迟时间计算，结果如图8a)所示。对于含70% NH3组分的燃料，在1.2个大气压和较低温度条件下，计算得到的点火延迟时间略高于实验值[24]；在10个大气压下，计算值与实验值的吻合度较好。另外，实验和模拟结果一致表明，高压条件下点火延迟时间显著减小。
此外，针对本研究中35 kW微燃气轮机燃烧室的实际混合物工况，还进行了的点火延迟时间计算。在5个大气压、838 K空气温度的实际燃烧室工况下不同氨裂解度的点火延迟时间随温度变化规律如图8b)所示。纯氨燃料的点火延迟时间过长，难以点燃；然而，随着燃料中氨气裂解度的增加，点火延迟时间逐渐缩短，且随着温度的升高，点火延迟时间下降的趋势更加显著。综上，选取的化学反应机理可用于氨燃烧点火延迟时间的计算，更高的压力、氨裂解度、温度有利于缩短点火延迟时间。
本文采用预混层流火焰速度计算模型计算层流火焰速度。针对氨与空气混合物，分别在0.1 MPa和298 K下计算不同当量比τ条件下的层流火焰速度，结果图9所示。由图9a)可以看出，计算得到的纯氨燃烧层流火焰速度略高于文献[25]的实验值。在实际应用中，通常将氨气与氢气混合作为燃料，以改善燃烧性能。因此，本研究还对不同氢气含量的混合燃料进行了层流火焰速度的计算，计算工况与纯氨气条件下相同，结果如图9b)所示。图9 b)显示，随着燃料中氢气比例的增加，层流火焰速度也随之提高。与纯氨条件下的情况类似，所用的燃烧机理能够准确预测层流火焰速度随当量比τ变化的趋势。在贫燃状态（当量比τ较低，计算得到的层流火焰速度与文献[25]的实验值较一致，而在富燃状态（当量比τ1.0~1.6）下，计算值略高于实验值。此外，实验与模拟结果一致表明，随着氢气体积分数的增加，氨混合燃料的层流火焰速度显著增加。同时，随着当量比τ的增大，层流火焰速度呈现先增大后减小的趋势，并在当量比τ约为1.1的微富燃状态下达到最大值。综上，选取的化学反应机理可用于氨燃烧层流火焰速度的计算，更高的氢气含量以及略微富燃的状态有利于层流火焰速度的增大。
为评估该系统燃烧效率或热损失，采用完美搅拌反应器模型（PSR，图10）计算绝热条件下的出口燃气理论温度。以空气预热器温度673 K、氨裂解度30%、20 s燃烧时长为例，计算出燃气理论温度1 136 K，再经温升法计算得到燃烧效率为96%。
3　结论
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本文以某型35 kW级微型燃气轮机为对象，采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法，系统研究氨裂解度、预热空气温度对点火特性、火焰稳定性及NOx排放的影响规律，主要结论如下。
1）本文实验结果表明，氨气裂解度需达到30%、空气预热器温度需不小于643 K，才能维持稳定燃烧。
2）氨气裂解度、空气预热器温度、燃烧时长的增加可优化燃烧组织，但更高的空气预热器温度也将带来更大量的NO生成。
3）零维模拟计算表明，压力、氨裂解度、温度的增大有利于缩短点火延迟时间，氢气含量增大、略微富燃的状态有利于层流火焰速度的增大。
综上所述，虽然以氨为燃料的燃气轮机在燃烧特性上表现出一定的优化潜力，但要实现各项性能的最优兼顾，还需要更多的实验验证和数值分析。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(T2341001)
  • 合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院独立项目(22KZS304; 22KZS301)
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202502070
  • 接收时间：2025-02-20
  • 首发时间：2026-01-13
  • 出版时间：2025-11-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-02-20
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2341001)
国家自然科学基金项目(T2341001)
Independent Projects of Energy Research Institute of Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center(22KZS304; 22KZS301)
合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院独立项目(22KZS304; 22KZS301)
作者信息
    1.合肥综合性国家科学中心能源研究院，安徽　合肥　230001
    2.合肥中科重明科技有限公司，安徽　合肥　230000
    3.中国科学院高温气体动力学国家重点实验室，北京　100190

通讯作者:

吴殿武（1985），男，博士，主要研究方向为氢氨融合动力，。
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202502070
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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