Article(id=1215701013416297396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215701006780908352, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202405117, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717084800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767775308231, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1724515200000, pubDateStr=2024-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767775308231, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767775308231, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775308231, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215701006780908352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='162', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767775306649, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767839655334, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215970904794906790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215701006780908352, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215970904794906791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215701006780908352, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=116, endPage=123, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215701013789590462, articleId=1215701013416297396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on black-start technology of wind-storage integrated system considering suppression of excitation inrush current, columnId=1215701007804322379, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Operation control technology of grid-forming energy storage technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Integrated wind storage system, namely the wind power generation equipped with energy storage, has a black-start capability, which can be controlled to use the system as a black-start power source. On this basis, a black start program for the integrated wind storage system is developed based on a single wind turbine. Firstly, the energy storage device is started through grid-forming control, and to avoid the self-excitation generated by excitation inrush or resonance in the process of transformer input, the inertia link is added based on the original voltage-loop control to realize soft-start strategy. Then, the energy storage system establishes the AC frequency and voltage to realize restoration of the wind turbine generators and the loads. After the wind-storage integrated system is stably started, the electrical energy is transmitted to the 35 kV busbar through the main transformer and transmission line, to complete the black start process. Finally, a simulation model of the integrated wind-storage system is built on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform to validate the black-start scheme using the soft-start strategy, which keeps the voltage stable and the power balanced, and completes the start-up of the system, and at the same time suppresses the excitation inrush current effectively.

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风储一体化系统即配备储能的风力发电,具有黑启动能力,对其加以控制可将该系统作为黑启动电源。基于此,在单台风机的基础上,制定了风储一体化系统的黑启动方案。首先,通过构网型控制的储能装置进行启动,为避免变压器投入过程中的励磁涌流或谐振产生的自励磁,在原有的电压环控制基础上,加入了惯性环节来实现软启动策略;然后,储能系统建立交流频率和电压后,实现风电机组及负荷的恢复;在风储一体化系统稳定启动后,经过主变压器和输电线路将电能输送到35 kV母线,完成黑启动过程。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC软件平台建立风储一体化仿真模型,验证了采用软启动策略的黑启动方案,验证过程电压保持稳定,功率平衡,系统完成启动,同时有效地抑制了励磁涌流。

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潘忠美(1980),女,副教授,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,
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焦星运(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,

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焦星运(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,

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焦星运(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,

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articleId=1215701013416297396, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=黑启动)], refs=[Reference(id=1215701028096360945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215701013416297396, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=陈汝斯, 孙吉广, 刘艳, journalName=电网技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈汝斯, 孙吉广, 刘艳, 等. 新能源及储能联合发电系统黑启动时空支撑能力评估及应用[J/OL]. 电网技术, 1-13[2024-07-29]. https://doi.org/10.13335/j.1000-3673.pst.2023.0761., articleTitle=新能源及储能联合发电系统黑启动时空支撑能力评估及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215701028171858421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215701013416297396, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=CHEN Rusi, SUN Jiguang, LIU Yan, journalName=Power System Technology, refType=null, 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language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Equipment parameters

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项目数值
变压器型号S11M-1600/36.75
电缆型号13×7/128
电缆型号23(1×400)
110 kV母线126 kV, 2 000 A
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设备参数

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项目数值
变压器型号S11M-1600/36.75
电缆型号13×7/128
电缆型号23(1×400)
110 kV母线126 kV, 2 000 A
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考虑抑制励磁涌流的风储一体化系统黑启动技术研究
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焦星运 1 , 赵勇 2 , 孔令媛 1 , 潘忠美 1 , 段建东 1 , 宋子琛 2
热力发电 | 构网型储能运行控制技术研究 2024,53(8): 116-123
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热力发电 | 构网型储能运行控制技术研究 2024, 53(8): 116-123
考虑抑制励磁涌流的风储一体化系统黑启动技术研究
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焦星运1 , 赵勇2, 孔令媛1, 潘忠美1 , 段建东1, 宋子琛2
作者信息
  • 1.西安理工大学电气工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 焦星运(2000),男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,

通讯作者:

潘忠美(1980),女,副教授,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,
Research on black-start technology of wind-storage integrated system considering suppression of excitation inrush current
Xingyun JIAO1 , Yong ZHAO2, Lingyuan KONG1, Zhongmei PAN1 , Jiandong DUAN1, Zichen SONG2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
出版时间: 2024-08-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405117
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风储一体化系统即配备储能的风力发电,具有黑启动能力,对其加以控制可将该系统作为黑启动电源。基于此,在单台风机的基础上,制定了风储一体化系统的黑启动方案。首先,通过构网型控制的储能装置进行启动,为避免变压器投入过程中的励磁涌流或谐振产生的自励磁,在原有的电压环控制基础上,加入了惯性环节来实现软启动策略;然后,储能系统建立交流频率和电压后,实现风电机组及负荷的恢复;在风储一体化系统稳定启动后,经过主变压器和输电线路将电能输送到35 kV母线,完成黑启动过程。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC软件平台建立风储一体化仿真模型,验证了采用软启动策略的黑启动方案,验证过程电压保持稳定,功率平衡,系统完成启动,同时有效地抑制了励磁涌流。

风力发电  /  风储一体化系统  /  软启动  /  黑启动

Integrated wind storage system, namely the wind power generation equipped with energy storage, has a black-start capability, which can be controlled to use the system as a black-start power source. On this basis, a black start program for the integrated wind storage system is developed based on a single wind turbine. Firstly, the energy storage device is started through grid-forming control, and to avoid the self-excitation generated by excitation inrush or resonance in the process of transformer input, the inertia link is added based on the original voltage-loop control to realize soft-start strategy. Then, the energy storage system establishes the AC frequency and voltage to realize restoration of the wind turbine generators and the loads. After the wind-storage integrated system is stably started, the electrical energy is transmitted to the 35 kV busbar through the main transformer and transmission line, to complete the black start process. Finally, a simulation model of the integrated wind-storage system is built on the PSCAD/EMTDC platform to validate the black-start scheme using the soft-start strategy, which keeps the voltage stable and the power balanced, and completes the start-up of the system, and at the same time suppresses the excitation inrush current effectively.

wind power generation  /  integrated wind storage system  /  soft-start  /  black start
焦星运, 赵勇, 孔令媛, 潘忠美, 段建东, 宋子琛. 考虑抑制励磁涌流的风储一体化系统黑启动技术研究. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (8) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405117
Xingyun JIAO, Yong ZHAO, Lingyuan KONG, Zhongmei PAN, Jiandong DUAN, Zichen SONG. Research on black-start technology of wind-storage integrated system considering suppression of excitation inrush current[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (8) : 116 -123 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405117
在电力系统发展进程中,黑启动方案也在不断完善。大部分黑启动方案主要以水力发电为主启动电源[1]。随着“双碳”目标的提出,新能源发展迅猛,其中风力发电较为突出,因此将其作为黑启动电源具有很大发展前景。根据统计,风力发电在中国发电领域占比将在2035年达到15%左右[2]。由于风力发电受许多因素影响,使得发电功率存在不确定性[3],若将风力发电大规模并网,就会影响电网的稳定性[4]。将风力发电与电力电子及储能等技术相结合,给风力发电机配备储能,使风储系统能够灵活控制,将具有更好的发展前景。具有灵活运行方式的风储系统是目前新能源和储能研究的重要方向[5]
现阶段,针对风储系统的相关研究较多。文献[6]针对风机独立为负载供电进行分析,设计了基于全变换器的电能与频率控制的策略,证明了风力发电机结合电力电子设备可以稳定地为负载供电,这为风力发电机成为黑启动电源提供了帮助。文献[7]则将双馈风机用于黑启动研究,提出了分散式控制的无功同步法的并行运行方式,这种方式证明了风机可作为黑启动电源参与恢复过程,且能稳定运行,前提是需要在有足够的风力情况下,这样电网友好型风机可自主建立稳定的交流电压,具备黑启动和无源网络下的自主运行能力[8]。文献[9]研究了一种在弱交流系统下的风机电网侧变流器的虚拟同步控制策略,但是,此方法不适合黑启动场景。文献[10]利用永磁直驱风机作为黑启动电源进行研究,将柴油发电机作为风力机外部电源,提出了基于虚拟惯性的控制策略来保持系统的频率稳定。文献[11]则是给风电场配备了柴油机和静态无功发电机作为自启动电源,并进行现场实验,验证了风电场作为黑启动电源的可行性行。文献[12-13]探究给风电场配备储能的黑启动方案,研究其在黑启动过程中,调频与调压的控制策略,推动了风储系统的研究。文献[14]则将储能与风力机转子侧进行连接,形成风储联合系统,用来解决海上油田的电网频率稳定性。文献[15]对启动变压器时励磁涌流的产生及危害进行了分析,为制定黑启动方案过程提供了思考。以上文献都在研究风电机组作为黑启动电源,用柴油发电机作为风机的外电源,或者是储能系统连接在风机转子侧变流器的直流线路上,而对于储能系统在交流侧与风机联合以及启动过程励磁涌流分析的研究较少。
对于风储一体化系统,如何实现风储的功率协调控制,以及解决启动变压器时存在的励磁涌流和自励磁问题。本文提出在风机交流侧配备储能系统的风储一体化系统的黑启动方案,通过变桨控制对风机的输出功率进行控制,实现系统的功率平衡,并针对储能系统启动变压器时引起的励磁涌流,以及可能引起自励磁现象提出采用新的软启动策略进行抑制。最后,在PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台上验证该黑启动方案的可行性。
风能受环境影响较大,表现得非常不稳定。因此风电被认为不具有自启动能力,无法成为黑启动电源。随着电力电子和风电技术的迅速发展,风力发电的不稳定性逐渐被抑制。本文提出了永磁直驱风机和储能系统结合作为黑启动电源的方案。将永磁直驱风机作为黑启动电源时,需要连接外部电源给其励磁,进而产生直驱风机所需的直流电压。风储一体化系统(图1)是将储能系统连接到电网主干线上,该结构具有快速响应、功率和能量配置灵活等优势,该系统可以为风电场提供参与黑启动能力的外接储能功能。
在风储一体化系统中,外部储能系统用于为主干线充电,并为风机提供初始励磁,建立直流电压,以协助风机成功启动并完成黑启动流程。风储一体化系统包括储能系统、风电机组和无功补偿器等辅助设备。换流器会自动调整转子绕组的电源频率、电压、电流和相位,以符合运行要求。电池储能系统主要由电池组、能量转换系统(PCS)及其控制系统组成。通常在风电场内部选择电容器组来实现静态同步无功补偿。
永磁直驱风机的结构主要是由风机、永磁同步发电机、电源侧变流器和电网侧变流器组成,其拓扑结构如图2所示。
风机的风轮实现动能与机械能之间的转化,流经风轮叶片的风功率P0为:
P0=12ρSvwind3
式中:ρ为气体密度;vwind为风速;S为风轮扫过的面积。
通过式(1)可以计算出理论上风机可以发出的能量,但是能量转换存在转换比例,因此风力发电机的实际功率与风轮获取风能的效率有关,即风能利用系数Cp
CP=ptp0
式中:Cp为风轮捕获风能的能力大小。当风机参数确定时,Cp是风机桨距角β和叶尖速比λ的函数,其中λ指叶尖线速度与风速之比:
λ=Rwωwvwind
式中:Rw为风轮叶片半径;ωw为风轮叶片旋转的速度。当叶尖速比λ取得最大值Cp_max,此时风轮的角速度ωw_max为:
ωw_max=λmaxvwindRw
当风轮角速度达到ωw_max时,风轮捕获风能也能取得最大值,此时风轮捕获风能最大值Pmax为:
Pmax=12ρπR2wv3windCp_max
将两相旋转坐标系的d轴定向在转子磁链上,则PMSG在dq同步旋转坐标系下关于电感和磁链的电压方程为:
{usd=Rsisd+LsddisddtωrLsqisqusq=Rsisq+Lsqdisqdt+ωrLsdisd+ωrψf
式中:usdusq分别为定子机端电压的dq轴分量;Rs为定子电阻;isdisq分别为定子dq轴电流分量;LsdLsq分别为定子dq轴电感;ωr为转子角速度;Ψf为转子永磁体磁链[16]
风机可通过控制桨距角来实现减载运行。风机功率特性曲线如图3所示。
变桨控制的基本原理是通过控制桨距角来控制风机的有功输出,图3A点为当前风机运行状态,为实现风储一体化系统的功率平衡,增大桨距角到状态B,使得风机能够保持在当前的转速。图4为桨距角控制结构,图4中:ωe为转速参考值,ω为风机实际转速,βref为桨距角设定值。调节风机的桨距角,来实现风电机组的降功率运行。即在提高桨距角的情况下降低机组功率,同时风力发电机也达到了降低功率的操作[17]
储能系统主要由电池、功率转换器和辅助设备等部分组成,储能系统结构如图5所示。在图5中,Udc表示电池系统端口输出电压,R、L、C分别表示滤波器的内阻、电感和电容,DC表示电池储能系统,a、b、c分别表示三相交流电的3个不同相。
目前对于储能电池的选取,通常用安全性更好的锂电池,锂电池具有耐用、性能良好等优点。由于单一锂电池的容量有限且能量密度不高,因此需要将多个锂电池串联形成整个电池系统[18],功率转换器作为功率交换的载体,是实现能源与外部电网的能量传递。
随着绿色能源的快速发展,风电场的规模也越来越大。风储一体化系统的黑启动策略,通过系统协调控制承担黑启动任务,参照电力系统黑启动采用串行启动的方式逐一启动。串行恢复可以不考虑同期并网问题,因此选择黑启动恢复方案通常是串行恢复。风机可以利用储能系统先启动的换流站,风机侧建立的稳定交流电压完成风电场启动,再通过合适的开关控制策略无冲击并入已建立的交流电网。
风电机组利用最大功率跟踪进行控制,通过桨距角控制实现功率平衡,可联合构网型储能系统控制,组成黑启动电源。变压器励磁涌流过大将会影响黑启动过程,影响变压器和电网的正常运行,励磁涌流的抑制问题是当前黑启动恢复的关键问题之一。当变压器在空载合闸,或者切除区外故障和电源侧过电压时,由于变压器的感性特征,会使变压器产生较大的励磁涌流,严重时可能使实际电流为额定电流的6~8倍。励磁涌流的时间常数、方向和大小等参数与变压器接线的方式、变压器容量、饱和磁通大小情况等都有关。
为了抑制在黑启动过程中励磁涌流的产生,利用数学推导来表示影响励磁涌流的相关因素。其中励磁涌流im为磁化电流iμ与铁耗电流iFe的和。因铁耗电流iFe远小于磁化电流iμ,因此励磁涌流可表示为:
imiμ=NJϕmLμ
式中:ϕm为主磁通;NJ为变压器匝数;Lμ为磁化电感。则变压器一次绕组的电压方程可表示为:
Umcos(ωt+α)=R1i1+N1dϕmdt
式中:R1i1分别为变压器一次侧电阻和电流;N1为变压器一次绕组匝数。
则主磁通Φ可表示为:
ϕ=ϕmaxcos(ωt+αφ)cos(αφ)eR1Lμt
其中ϕmax=LμUm/N1(R2+ωLμ2)
系统启动可知启动变压器时的电压幅值,将电压表示为:
Ut={Uref(1etTs+t0)0<t<tendUrefttend
式中:Ut为储能系统启动时刻的瞬时电压;Uref为储能系统电压参考值;Ts为控制软启动的时间常数;tend为储能系统启动结束时间。
稳态磁通分量幅值保持恒定,而暂态磁通分量幅值会发生大幅变化,从而造成磁通饱和。变压器的饱和磁通ϕsat可表示为:
ϕsat=2UrefLμ(1et0)N1(R12+(ωLu)2+φ0
t0=ln(1N1(R12+(ωLu)2ϕsatϕ02UrefLμ)
Ts=ttln{1et0ϕsatϕ0eRtLμt(1+eRtLμt)ϕmax}
得到时间常数Ts后便进行软启动策略的电压控制,储能系统启动阶段的电压波形如图6所示。
结合软启动策略,本文提出的风储一体化系统的黑启动方如下。
1)储能系统自启动 储能系统作为主黑启动电源,启动过程中采用软启动策略来抑制励磁涌流的产生,其变流器采用构网型控制策略,在黑启动过程中为系统提供稳定的电压和频率参考。
2)接入待启动风机负荷 为减小风电机组并网引起的冲击,储能电站恢复部分重要负荷,以形成一个更稳定的独立系统。
3)风机启动 储能系统启动重要负荷并建立电压和频率支撑,当风速满足启动条件时,风电机组采用桨距角控制实现降功率运行。
4)目标负荷恢复及风电场启动 风储系统稳定运行后,逐渐启动风储一体化系统的主变压器,经过输电线路为35 kV母线供电,至此,完成风储一体化系统的黑启动方案。具体步骤如图7所示。
为验证本文提到的基于风储一体化系统的黑启动方案,以及软启动策略抑制励磁涌流的有效性,在PSCAD/EMTDC软件平台构建分布式风储一体化系统仿真模型,对该策略进行仿真验证。
风储一体化系统包括额定容量为3 MW的风电机组及200 kW的锂电池,锂电池与风机在690 V母线处连接构成风储一体化系统,再经主变压器到35 kV母线表1
在储能系统启动初期,需要升高配电变压器的电压,并建立交流母线的电压。但是在储能系统启动变压器时,由于电压升高过快,会产生较大的励磁涌流,损害系统中的电器元件。通过仿真来模拟该过程,仿真过程:储能系统t=0 s启动,t=0.3 s开关动作启动变压器,690 V母线电流仿真波形如图8所示。在启动变压器后,电流发生了明显升高,最大为0.38 kA,影响变压器的正常运行。
因此,采取上文提到的软启动策略来抑制该现象,软启动策略时间常数Ts的选取不同会影响其控制效果,当Ts=0.10时,电压启动时间过快,还是会产生励磁涌流,也有可能引起参数谐振,即变压器与外部线路产生谐振,使得电流呈现容性,电流幅值会不断增大,产生自励磁等影响,威胁系统元件安全,时间常数Ts=0.10时690 V母线电流波形如图9所示。
通过仿真得出产生励磁涌流时的电压,用以计算软起动控制的时间常数。得到当Ts≥0.20时,便可以抑制励磁涌流的产生,但是若时间常数取值太大,如Ts=0.40时,也可以很好地抑制励磁涌流现象,其仿真结果如图10所示。但是时间常数取值太大会影响系统电压建立速度,从而影响黑启动过程。
因此,考虑到不影响黑启动过程,且要抑制励磁涌流的产生,将时间常数取为Ts=0.25,这样既不会因为时间常数靠近临界值而产生干扰,也满足黑启动的启动要求,t=0.3 s后开关动作,其仿真结果如图11所示。
下面考虑主变压器合闸时的电气量,设t=0 s时刻启动储能单元,投入箱变,t=0.3 s合闸变压器,合闸动作后储能系统出口测得的线电压有效值如图12所示。
图12可以看出,采用软启动方法后,没有出现励磁涌流现象。
风机自启动过程为:风机控制器发出启动风机命令,风机启动,通过风机侧变流器控制输出稳定的直流电压;同时给并网主开关合闸指令,主开关合闸后,电网侧进入同步状态;电网侧同步后,风机控制器转换风力发电机的控制模式,通过桨距角控制,保持功率平衡;仿真时序为t=0.6 s启动风机侧变流器,t=0.7 s启动电网侧变流器,t=1.5 s时将风机接690 V母线,合闸动作后储能电站690 V母线出口测得的线电压有效值如图13所示。图14为风储一体化系统功率波形。
图14体现了风储一体化系统在黑启动过程中的出力情况。由图14可见,储能系统、风力发电机以及负荷的功率保持平衡,风储一体化系统运行稳定。
在风储系统启动完成后,这时启动主变压器,经过输电线路为35 kV母线进行供电,至此黑启动过程结束,启动主变压器的电压有效值波形如图15所示。由图15可见,针对风储一体化联合发电系统的黑启动策略能够稳定启动,在软启动策略下抑制了励磁涌流现象,保护了电器元件,使风储一体化系统能够平稳启动运行。
本文重点研究风储一体化系统的黑启动策略以及启动过程中励磁涌流的抑制问题。分析了风机和储能系统各自的结构和数学模型,以及在黑启动过程中的控制方式。为了抑制储能系统在启动变压器设备时引起励磁涌流现象,采用基于惯性环节的软启动策略来抑制励磁涌流,使风储系统在黑启动过程中能够稳定进行。首先由储能系统进行自启动,建立系统电压频率支撑,为风机提供启动条件。接着启动风力发电机,风机侧变流器控制输出稳定直流电压,电网侧变流器控制实现电压和频率的稳定。在风储系统稳定运行后,随后启动主变压器,经过输电线路启动35 kV母线。在PSCAD/EMTDC软件上仿真验证了该策略的有效性,利用分布式风储系统的作为黑启动电源,可实现对电网恢复的支撑,且使得系统能够稳定运行。
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2024年第53卷第8期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202405117
  • 接收时间:2024-05-31
  • 首发时间:2026-01-07
  • 出版时间:2024-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-31
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    1.西安理工大学电气工程学院,陕西 西安 710054
    2.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054

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潘忠美(1980),女,副教授,主要研究方向为电力系统黑启动与恢复,
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