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Article(id=1215700948148736673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700941538509036, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202401029, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706198400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767775292670, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1721836800000, pubDateStr=2024-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767775292670, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767775292670, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775292670, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215700941538509036, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='158', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767775291094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775458121, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215701642159243949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700941538509036, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215701642159243950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700941538509036, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=112, endPage=118, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215700948383617710, articleId=1215700948148736673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Experimental study on combustion and pollutants emission characteristics of coal coupled with biomass in 300 MW CFB boiler, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the development of coal-biomass coupling power generation is one of the important ways to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of electric power and realize low-carbon development of coal power. A coal-fired power generation system directly coupled with biomass combustion was designed for a 300 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, and the combustion characteristics of directly firing biomass with coal were studied by using the system. The results show that, this biomass direct combustion coupling system could run stably and reliably. When wood pellets was co-fired in the CFB boiler, with the increase of wood pellets’ blending ratio, the fly ash carbon content of the mixed fuel decreased, the CO emission reduced, and the burnout performance of the mixed fuel improved. After optimization on the boiler combustion and air distribution, the NOx emission was slightly lower than that of pure coal burning. The pollutants test under typical conditions showed that, after adding wood pellets, the dioxin emission from boiler flue gas was 0.008 8 ng TEQ/m3 (standard condition, ϕ(O2)=11%), and the dioxin emission in fly ash was 0.020 6 ng TEQ/m3. The total emission of heavy metals and harmful trace elements such P, As and Se from fly ash was 32.121 mg/l, and that from the bottom slag was 3.918 mg/L. The emission of harmful substances like dioxins and heavy metals in flue gas and fly ash all met the emission limits of national environmental protection standards.

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在碳达峰、碳中和背景下，发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床（CFB）锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统，并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明：该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠；CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时，随着掺烧比的增加，混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低，混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善；掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化，锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明：掺入木屑颗粒燃料后，锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.008 8 ng TEQ/m3（标准工况，ϕ(O2)=11%，下同），飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.020 6 ng TEQ/m3；飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121 mg/L；底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L，烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。

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赵鹏勃（1980），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂污染物排放控制、循环流化床锅炉技术、多源固废燃烧相关技术，。
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余武高（1976），高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂发电运行和工程建设，。

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余武高（1976），高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂发电运行和工程建设，。

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余武高（1976），高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂发电运行和工程建设，。

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Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal and wood pellets

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项目燃煤木屑颗粒
Wt(M)/%5.975.70
wad(M)/%2.975.68
war(A)/%41.351.93
war(V)/%13.5276.95
war(C)/%47.3846.71
war(H)/%1.705.28
war(N)/%0.570.44
war(O)/%2.2339.92
wt,ar(S)/%0.790.02
Qnet,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)16.4816.70
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燃煤和木屑颗粒燃料工业分析和元素分析

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项目燃煤木屑颗粒
Wt(M)/%5.975.70
wad(M)/%2.975.68
war(A)/%41.351.93
war(V)/%13.5276.95
war(C)/%47.3846.71
war(H)/%1.705.28
war(N)/%0.570.44
war(O)/%2.2339.92
wt,ar(S)/%0.790.02
Qnet,v,ar/(MJ·kg–1)16.4816.70
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Test conditions

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工况号T1T2T3T4
试验时间10月14日10月15日10月16日10月17日
—18日
采样时间10:00—12:0015:00—17:0015:00—17:0016:00—18:00
锅炉负荷/MW168.00173.00170.30170.00
主蒸汽压力/MPa10.8411.409.609.30
主蒸汽温度/℃529.00510.30523.50526.30
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)548.00564.30553.80554.00
给水流量/t/h423.00430.50446.80453.80
给水压力/MPa12.1212.4010.5010.40
给水温度/℃323.00327.30316.80313.50
床压/kPa3.803.603.803.70
锅炉给煤/(t·h–1)80.0075.0075.0075.00
掺烧量/(t·h–1)03.005.007.00
掺烧质量比/%03.806.308.50
飞灰含碳量/%3.983.663.153.18
底渣含碳量/%0.940.910.880.87
烟气含氧量/%7.577.417.326.85
NOx排放值/(mg·m–3)~70.0~40.0~35.0~30.0
CO排放值/(mg·m–3)~160.0~145.0~146.0~140.0
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试验工况

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工况号T1T2T3T4
试验时间10月14日10月15日10月16日10月17日
—18日
采样时间10:00—12:0015:00—17:0015:00—17:0016:00—18:00
锅炉负荷/MW168.00173.00170.30170.00
主蒸汽压力/MPa10.8411.409.609.30
主蒸汽温度/℃529.00510.30523.50526.30
主蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)548.00564.30553.80554.00
给水流量/t/h423.00430.50446.80453.80
给水压力/MPa12.1212.4010.5010.40
给水温度/℃323.00327.30316.80313.50
床压/kPa3.803.603.803.70
锅炉给煤/(t·h–1)80.0075.0075.0075.00
掺烧量/(t·h–1)03.005.007.00
掺烧质量比/%03.806.308.50
飞灰含碳量/%3.983.663.153.18
底渣含碳量/%0.940.910.880.87
烟气含氧量/%7.577.417.326.85
NOx排放值/(mg·m–3)~70.0~40.0~35.0~30.0
CO排放值/(mg·m–3)~160.0~145.0~146.0~140.0
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Temperature distribution in furnace

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序号项目数值
1炉膛床面平均床温（序号2—序号6的平均值）840
2炉膛密相区左墙平均温度880
3炉膛密相区右墙平均温度875
4炉膛密相区中部平均温度808
5燃烧室前墙平均温度800
6燃烧室后墙平均温度840
7炉膛出口温度760
8高温返料平均温度920
9低温返料平均温度500
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T4工况炉膛温度分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号项目数值
1炉膛床面平均床温（序号2—序号6的平均值）840
2炉膛密相区左墙平均温度880
3炉膛密相区右墙平均温度875
4炉膛密相区中部平均温度808
5燃烧室前墙平均温度800
6燃烧室后墙平均温度840
7炉膛出口温度760
8高温返料平均温度920
9低温返料平均温度500
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Detection results of the emitted heavy metals from ash slag

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元素砷钡铍镉钴铬铜锰
飞灰0.3460.19129.1800.0050.1390.1080.1030.033
炉渣0.0130.6560.0020.0111.5091.2370.260
元素镍铅锑硒铊钒锌总计
飞灰0.0281.4470.3460.1910.0050.13932.122
炉渣0.1030.0110.0430.0580.0151.2133.918
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灰渣中重金属排放值检测

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元素砷钡铍镉钴铬铜锰
飞灰0.3460.19129.1800.0050.1390.1080.1030.033
炉渣0.0130.6560.0020.0111.5091.2370.260
元素镍铅锑硒铊钒锌总计
飞灰0.0281.4470.3460.1910.0050.13932.122
炉渣0.1030.0110.0430.0580.0151.2133.918
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300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃煤耦合生物质燃烧及污染物排放特性试验研究
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余武高 1 , 程文峰 1 , 孙涛 2 , 卫健 1 , 赵鹏勃 3, 4 , 刘爱平 1 , 许强 3 , 张伟强 3 , 王长安 4 , 车得福 4
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024,53(7): 112-118
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024, 53(7): 112-118
300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃煤耦合生物质燃烧及污染物排放特性试验研究
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余武高1 , 程文峰1, 孙涛2, 卫健1, 赵鹏勃3, 4 , 刘爱平1, 许强3, 张伟强3, 王长安4, 车得福4
作者信息
  • 1.国家电投集团江西电力有限公司分宜发电厂，江西　新余　338000
  • 2.国家电投集团江西电力有限公司科创中心，江西　南昌　330096
  • 3.西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
  • 4.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室，陕西　西安　710049

    • 余武高（1976），高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂发电运行和工程建设，。

通讯作者:

赵鹏勃（1980），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂污染物排放控制、循环流化床锅炉技术、多源固废燃烧相关技术，。
Experimental study on combustion and pollutants emission characteristics of coal coupled with biomass in 300 MW CFB boiler
Wugao YU1 , Wenfeng CHENG1, Tao SUN2, Jian WEI1, Pengbo ZHAO3, 4 , Aiping LIU1, Qiang XU3, Weiqiang ZHANG3, Chang’an WANG4, Defu CHE4
Affiliations
  • 1.Fenyi Power Plant of Jiangxi Electric Power Co., Ltd., State Power Investment Group, Xinyu 338000, China
  • 2.Science and Technology Innovation Center of Jiangxi Electric Power Co., Ltd. of State Power Investment Group, Nanchang 330096, China
  • 3.Xi’an TPRI Environmental Protection Engineering Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 4.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
出版时间: 2024-07-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401029
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摘要
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在碳达峰、碳中和背景下，发展燃煤与生物质耦合发电是加快电力转型升级、实现煤电低碳发展的重要途径之一。在某台300 MW循环流化床（CFB）锅炉上设计建设了一套燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧发电系统，并利用该系统进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质的燃烧特性试验研究。结果表明：该生物质直燃耦合系统运行稳定可靠；CFB锅炉在掺烧木屑颗粒燃料时，随着掺烧比的增加，混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低，混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善；掺烧后经过锅炉燃烧配风优化，锅炉NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量略有降低。试验典型工况污染物测试表明：掺入木屑颗粒燃料后，锅炉烟气二噁英排放量为0.008 8 ng TEQ/m3（标准工况，ϕ(O2)=11%，下同），飞灰中二噁英排放量为0.020 6 ng TEQ/m3；飞灰中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121 mg/L；底渣中重金属及P、As、Se等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L，烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。

CFB锅炉  /  NOx  /  生物质直燃耦合系统  /  燃烧试验  /  污染物

In the context of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the development of coal-biomass coupling power generation is one of the important ways to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of electric power and realize low-carbon development of coal power. A coal-fired power generation system directly coupled with biomass combustion was designed for a 300 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, and the combustion characteristics of directly firing biomass with coal were studied by using the system. The results show that, this biomass direct combustion coupling system could run stably and reliably. When wood pellets was co-fired in the CFB boiler, with the increase of wood pellets’ blending ratio, the fly ash carbon content of the mixed fuel decreased, the CO emission reduced, and the burnout performance of the mixed fuel improved. After optimization on the boiler combustion and air distribution, the NOx emission was slightly lower than that of pure coal burning. The pollutants test under typical conditions showed that, after adding wood pellets, the dioxin emission from boiler flue gas was 0.008 8 ng TEQ/m3 (standard condition, ϕ(O2)=11%), and the dioxin emission in fly ash was 0.020 6 ng TEQ/m3. The total emission of heavy metals and harmful trace elements such P, As and Se from fly ash was 32.121 mg/l, and that from the bottom slag was 3.918 mg/L. The emission of harmful substances like dioxins and heavy metals in flue gas and fly ash all met the emission limits of national environmental protection standards.

circulating fluidized bed boiler  /  NOx  /  biomass direct-fired coupling system  /  combustion test  /  contaminant
余武高, 程文峰, 孙涛, 卫健, 赵鹏勃, 刘爱平, 许强, 张伟强, 王长安, 车得福. 300 MW循环流化床锅炉燃煤耦合生物质燃烧及污染物排放特性试验研究. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (7) : 112 -118 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401029
Wugao YU, Wenfeng CHENG, Tao SUN, Jian WEI, Pengbo ZHAO, Aiping LIU, Qiang XU, Weiqiang ZHANG, Chang’an WANG, Defu CHE. Experimental study on combustion and pollutants emission characteristics of coal coupled with biomass in 300 MW CFB boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (7) : 112 -118 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401029
正文
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生物质能是仅次于煤炭、石油和天然气而居于世界能源消费总量第4位的能源，也是唯一1种可再生碳源，在整个能源系统中占有重要地位。生物质生长时需要的二氧化碳相当于它排放的二氧化碳量，因此生物质的碳排放是按照“零排放”计算[1-5]。此外，生物质硫、氮含量较低，燃烧过程中生成的SOx、NOx相对燃煤较少。“双碳”目标下，煤电机组升级改造向清洁化、低碳化方向发展，但煤电仍然需要发挥“压舱石”的作用，为新能源发展提供安全基础保障。用生物质部分或全部替代燃煤电站的煤炭来降低碳排放强度，是传统煤电机组实现“双碳”目标的重要途径之一[6-7]。电站锅炉燃煤直燃耦合生物质发电具有系统简单可靠、投资成本低、环保高效等优点，国内外学者对此做了大量研究[8-27]。
随着多源固废低碳燃料在燃煤电站的多元化应用，尤其是煤与生物质等固废燃料直燃耦合发电的推广应用，生物质直燃项目会逐渐增多，其污染物排放特性的研究也应引起重视。部分热电企业靠近城市和居民生活区，因此研究燃煤和生物质在大型循环流化床锅炉中混烧后烟气和灰渣中二噁英、重金属含量变化规律，评估其对环境的影响具有重要参考意义。本文在某电厂300 MW大型循环流化床(CFB)锅炉上进行了燃煤直燃耦合生物质技术试验，研究了生物质和煤混燃后的污染物排放特性、燃料燃尽特性。
1　试验内容
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1.1　生物质直燃耦合系统
本项目依托某电厂300 MW机组循环流化床锅炉设计建设了1套生物质直燃耦合装置，系统结构示意如图1所示[28]。该系统生物质料由铲车运送至料斗，料斗下部布置称重输送皮带，通过皮带转运到斗式提升机，再通过斗式提升机输送到螺旋给料机，螺旋给料机下部为炉前气力输送给料系统。采用高压流化风作为输送风和密封风风源。生物质料最终从炉前下二次风口附近给入炉膛密相区与煤混合燃烧。生物质耦合燃烧装置上料量按照15 t/h设计，物料以农林生物质、木材加工废料等经破碎并压缩成型的材料为主。生物质料给入锅炉后，与煤直接混燃，混燃后的烟气经过锅炉尾部除尘、脱硝、脱硫设备后从烟囱排出。
1.2　燃料理化分析
试验用入炉煤和生物质燃料工业分析、元素分析见表1。由于生物质燃料水分高，堆积密度小，结构松散，在给料口附近迎风面积大，容易搭桥蓬堵，造成烟气反窜。为避免给料系统不稳定带来的干扰，本次试验采用生物质颗粒料（木屑颗粒）。从表1可以看出，入炉煤为高热值（Qnet,ar=16.48 MJ/kg）、高灰分（war(A)=41.35%）燃料。木屑颗粒为高热值（Qnet,ar=16.70 MJ/kg）、低灰分（war(A)=1.93%）、含硫量特低（wt,ar(S)=0.02%）燃料。
1.3　试验方法
本次试验工况见表2。其中，工况T1主要考察纯燃煤工况下的锅炉燃烧参数；工况T2—T4为不同木屑颗粒燃料掺烧比下的锅炉运行参数，主要考察木屑颗粒燃料掺烧比提高对锅炉污染物排放、锅炉效率的影响。表3为T4工况炉膛温度分布。
试验采用ROSEMOUNT NGA2000系列烟气分析仪在线测量尾部烟气成分，可同时对烟气中的O2、CO2、CO、SO2、NO2、NO、N2O等气体成分进行在线测量。烟气成分分析系统如图2所示。烟气采样位置为锅炉空气预热器出口烟道采样处（靠近空气预热器出口氧量测点）。
2　燃烧试验结果分析
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2.1　掺烧木屑颗粒对SO2、NOx排放的影响
本次试验各工况烟气污染物SO2排放值基本无变化，主要是由于木屑颗粒硫含量很低，可以忽略不计，因此关于SO2排放本文不再展开讨论，重点分析烟气污染物NOx的变化趋势。混合燃料在平均温度840 ℃工况下燃烧时，NOx平均排放值随掺烧比的变化如图3所示。由图3可见，随着掺烧比的增加NOx生成量在小范围内呈下降趋势，这主要是由于掺烧木屑颗粒燃料后，床温分布均匀性更好，加之锅炉配风调整，实现了分级燃烧，从而降低了烟气NOx排放值。此外，由于木屑颗粒挥发分质量分数达到76.95%，着火点低且燃烧速度快，会大量消耗给料口附近氧气，在锅炉给料口形成局部还原气氛，从而抑制了NOx生成。该结论与李展[29]、李春建等[30]对煤与木屑耦合燃烧NOx排放研究结果类似：NO的转化率随生物质（木屑）掺混比的上升而逐渐下降；煤与生物质（木屑）直接耦合燃烧存在一种协同作用，无论生物质（木屑）含氮量多少，只要燃烧配风适当，煤中掺烧生物质都能够有效抑制NO的生成。分析其原因，主要有两点：一方面木屑颗粒燃料中含有大量碱土金属元素钾、钠、钙等，对NO还原具有催化作用；另一方面，燃料中含氮的前驱物NH3和HCN在还原性气氛中无法氧化为NO，而是与燃烧生成的NO发生反应生成N2，这些相互的协同作用体现出对NO形成的抑制作用，从而降低了NOx排放值。
2.2　掺烧木屑颗粒对CO排放的影响
燃煤耦合生物质在流化床中的混烧是放热化学反应，伴有强烈的传热、传质过程。该过程通常分为4个阶段：燃料水分蒸发干燥阶段、挥发分着火阶段、焦炭燃烧阶段和燃尽阶段。一般煤的着火点随煤炭中挥发分的增高而降低，由于生物质含有大量挥发分，所以掺烧生物质的混合燃料着火点会降低。生物质混燃比例从20%提高到60%后，混合燃料的着火点可以从345.93 ℃降低到323.05 ℃，降低约22.00 ℃[31]，说明混合燃料更易着火燃尽。另外，在煤炭和生物质混合燃烧初期，生物质掺烧比例越高，混合燃料挥发分就越高，燃烧速率越快。
本文试验中，在平均温度840 ℃条件下，CO排放值随掺烧比的变化规律如图4所示。由图4可见，各工况烟气CO的排放值为175~200 mg/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=6%）。随着生物质掺烧比适当提高，炉膛下部燃烧温度升高，炉内燃烧更完全，燃烧速率加快，烟气中CO的排放值略有降低，更大程度的减少了锅炉不完全燃烧热损失。
2.3　掺烧木屑颗粒对灰渣含碳量的影响
循环流化床中存在大量高温炽热的惰性物料，新给入的燃料只占炉内总物料量的3%左右，只要混合燃烧组织合理很容易燃尽。煤中挥发分和生物质在燃烧前期基本燃尽后，燃烧进入中后期，这一阶段主要是焦炭燃烧燃尽，煤和生物质在这一阶段的燃烧速率基本接近。燃煤掺烧生物质后，循环流化床锅炉下部床温有所提高，有利于焦炭的燃尽，所以燃料燃尽性得以改善[32]。该锅炉本身燃用的是煤炭，底渣含碳量控制较好，所以小比例掺烧生物质后底渣含碳量变化不大。本次试验混合燃料各工况灰渣含碳量随掺烧比的变化如图5所示。由图5可见，随生物质掺烧比的增加，飞灰含碳量呈下降趋势，而底渣含碳量无明显变化。
2.4　掺烧木屑颗粒对二噁英排放的影响
二噁英是一类多氯取代含氧三环的芳香类化合物，它是多氯代二苯并-对-二噁英（PCDDs）和多氯代二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）的统称。二噁英具有极强的化学稳定性和热稳定性，容易长期在生物体内停留富集，很容易影响到人类的健康，并有可能产生致畸、致癌和致突变的“三致”效应[33]。二噁英生成机理主要有3种：高温气相生成、从头合成和前体合成[34]。高温气相机理属于高温同相合成反应，需在相对较高的温度下进行（500~800 ℃），且要求局部缺氧气氛，二噁英生成量很小，可以忽略。前体合成机理和从头合成机理均属于低温异相催化合成反应，且在有飞灰的情况下，在较低的温度下（200～400 ℃）就能合成大量的二噁英，大都发生在燃烧后区，不同燃烧状态对这2种合成机理有很大影响。碳源、氯源和重金属的催化作用是二噁英形成的必备条件，同时温度、停留时间、水分、氧含量和二氧化硫等因素都会对二噁英的生成产生影响。通常CFB锅炉炉内燃烧过程剧烈，床温沿炉膛高度分布均匀、燃烧温度高且可以保证二噁英炉内停留时间大于2 s，因此燃煤CFB锅炉即使掺烧垃圾衍生燃料等多源含氯固废燃料也可以保证二噁英排放达标[35]。
本次试验主要是生物质颗粒燃料和煤的混燃，选择典型试验工况T4（生物质掺烧质量比7%），共取得6个烟气样品。测得烟气中二噁英类物质平均排放值为0.008 8 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%），满足我国对于垃圾焚烧烟气中二噁英类物质排放值低于0.1 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%）的标准（《生活垃圾焚烧污染物排放标准》GB18485—2014）。飞灰采集了2个样品，其中二噁英类物质排放值分别为0.001 9、0.021 5 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%），平均值为0.020 6 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%）。目前，我国对生物质燃料二噁英排放尚无相关标准，因此参照危废焚烧和垃圾焚烧标准，要求二噁英类排放值分别低于0.100 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%）。从测试结果来看，本次试验二噁英类污染物排放满足标准限值。
2.5　掺烧木屑颗粒对灰渣重金属的影响
重金属是指密度超过5 g/cm3的金属元素，可以渗入土壤和水中，会通过食物链在人体富集并严重危害人体健康。多源固废（含部分特殊生物质燃料）焚烧过程中，重金属的迁移有挥发-冷凝和机械迁移2种形式。其中，迁移过程以挥发-冷凝为主，主要经历重金属蒸发、高温蒸气气象反应及表面反应、凝结成团和飞灰吸附等几个主要过程[36]。重金属迁移的影响因素分为2类：一类是燃料自身成分影响；另一类是燃烧炉型及运行参数的影响。对试验典型工况T4的灰渣做了重金属测试试验，结果见表4。本次试验工况飞灰中重金属及磷、砷、硒等有害微量元素总排放值为32.121 mg/L；底渣中重金属及磷、砷、硒等有害微量元素总排放值为3.918 mg/L；均低于1 000 mg/L的国家环保排放限值。
3　结论
收起
目前，燃煤电站采用低碳燃料进行部分或全部燃料替换是煤电行业实现低碳和“近零”排放的重要发展方向。利用大型高效燃煤机组混烧生物质燃料发电，可以充分发挥存量机组作用。不仅可以大幅度提高生物质能源发电的效率，节约生物质资源，而且可以显著降低煤电机组的碳排放量，提高煤及生物质耦合发电的灵活性，增加企业经营效益，同时履行企业社会责任，加强燃煤发电的可持续性。
本文通过某台300 MW CFB锅炉生物质直燃耦合系统研究了煤和木屑颗粒的混烧特性和污染物排放特性，结论如下。
1）掺烧木屑颗粒后，烟气NOx排放量比纯烧原煤排放量降低。这主要是由于煤与生物质耦合燃烧存在协同作用，锅炉燃烧配风优化后，有效抑制了NO的生成；此外，木屑颗粒燃料中含有的碱土金属元素钾、钠、钙等对NO的还原具有催化作用。
2）掺烧木屑颗粒后，混合燃料的燃尽性得以改善；随着掺烧比的增加，混合燃料的飞灰含碳量下降、CO排放量降低，说明燃烧更加完全。
3）掺入质量分数7%的木屑颗粒，在170 MW负荷下，测得CFB锅炉烟气二噁英排放值为0.008 8 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%），飞灰中二噁英排放值为0.020 6 ng TEQ/m3（标况下，ϕ(O2)=11%）；测得飞灰中重金属及磷、砷、硒等有害微量元素排放值总量为32.121 mg/L；底渣中重金属及磷、砷、硒等有害微量元素排放值总量为3.918 mg/L，烟气和飞灰中的二噁英和重金属等有害物质排放均满足国家环保标准排放限值。
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2024年第53卷第7期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401029
  • 接收时间：2024-01-26
  • 首发时间：2026-01-07
  • 出版时间：2024-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-26
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    1.国家电投集团江西电力有限公司分宜发电厂，江西　新余　338000
    2.国家电投集团江西电力有限公司科创中心，江西　南昌　330096
    3.西安西热锅炉环保工程有限公司，陕西　西安　710054
    4.西安交通大学动力工程多相流国家重点实验室，陕西　西安　710049

通讯作者:

赵鹏勃（1980），男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为火电厂污染物排放控制、循环流化床锅炉技术、多源固废燃烧相关技术，。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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