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Article(id=1215700881480270338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700878661702357, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202401022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706025600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767775276775, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1719244800000, pubDateStr=2024-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767775276775, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767775276775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775276775, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215700878661702357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='150', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767775276102, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775427616, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215701514199417515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700878661702357, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215701514199417516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700878661702357, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=106, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215700881698374151, articleId=1215700881480270338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation and optimization of defector installation in waste heat boiler of a combined cycle power plant, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In natural gas-steam combined cycle power plants, the connection section between the gas turbine and the waste heat boiler is characterized by a sharply expanded channel confined by plates with large inclination angles, which often results in unsatisfactory flow pattern and consequently leads to a reduction in deNOx efficiency in the downstream. Installation of triple layers of deflectors is proposed to improve the flue gas flow uniformity. Computational fluid dynamics modeling approach is adopted to investigate the influences of the deflector parameters including installation arrangements, installation angle and density on the flue gas flow characteristics in the flue duct. A large vortex is clearly observed in the connection section with a vorticity up to 20 m–1, when no deflector is installed. Installing a single layer of deflector with varying installation angles is able to decrease the size of the vortex, while installation of double layers of similar deflectors leads to a satisfactory flow pattern in the connection section. A more preferable flue gas flow pattern in the whole boiler channel is obtained by a setup of triple layers of deflectors. The optimal lengths projected horizontally are 2.25 m, 1.36 m and 0.70 m for the three-layer deflector plates, and the distances between two plates are 1.20 m, 1.40 m and 1.00 m separately. The installation angle is between 15° and 30° with uniform incrementation for the first deflector, and between 15° and 60° with uniform incrementation for the second deflector. A relative velocity standard deviation of 2.1% is obtained at outlet cross-section with the triple deflectors. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the design of flue gas flow equalization devices

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燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电中燃气轮机与余热锅炉主体经常采用大扩张角过渡段连接，导致下游烟气流动不均匀，影响余热锅炉NOx选择性催化还原烟气脱硝效率。对此，提出通过布置三级导流板来改善烟道内烟气的流动均匀性，并采用计算流体力学模拟方法研究过渡段导流板布置形式、安装角度及布置密度等参数对烟道内烟气流动特性的影响规律。结果表明：未设置导流装置时过渡段出现明显漩涡，涡度可达20 m–1，导致烟气流动均匀性差；过渡段安装一级变倾角导流板可显著抑制漩涡的尺寸，安装二级变倾角导流板可显著改善过渡段内烟气流动均匀性，但是烟道后端烟气速度均匀性仍不高，安装三级导流板可同步改善过渡段和烟道内烟气流动均匀性，在换热模块三之后相对速度标准差系数降至2.1%。优化的导流板布置为：一级导流板水平投影长度2.25 m，间距1.20 m，角度15°~30°等差递增；二级导流板水平投影长度1.36 m，间距1.40 m，角度15°~60°等差递增；三级导流板长度0.70 m，间距1.00 m，水平安装。研究结果可为烟气均流装置的设计提供理论指导。

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祁风雷（1987），男，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为生物质低碳技术与装备，。
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陈俊（1994），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为低碳节能技术及智慧电厂建设，。

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陈俊（1994），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为低碳节能技术及智慧电厂建设，。

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陈俊（1994），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为低碳节能技术及智慧电厂建设，。

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The investigation on pressure drop and heat transfer characteristics of serrated spiral finned tubes[M]. 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articleId=1215700881480270338, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Velocity contours at different cross sections, figureFileSmall=YLNbkR0StwpJmbtAskUqiQ==, figureFileBig=u9GnIjZ4Yurv+VpVs74K7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215700892687451048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同截面位置处速度云图, figureFileSmall=YLNbkR0StwpJmbtAskUqiQ==, figureFileBig=u9GnIjZ4Yurv+VpVs74K7w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1215700892775531435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Property parameters of the flue gas at inlet of the waste heat boiler

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
烟气流量/(t·h–1)2 543.4
入口温度/℃601.5
入口压力/Pa3 000
烟气成分体积分数/%N272.805
CO23.857
H2O10.430
O212.023
), ArticleFig(id=1215700892851028911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

余热锅炉入口烟气物性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
烟气流量/(t·h–1)2 543.4
入口温度/℃601.5
入口压力/Pa3 000
烟气成分体积分数/%N272.805
CO23.857
H2O10.430
O212.023
), ArticleFig(id=1215700892918137778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Effect of grid number on calculation result

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序列网格数目出口截面速度VRSD
11 702 3860.061 2
21 937 0680.052 9
32 229 2530.052 8
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893022995382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

网格数量对计算结果的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序列网格数目出口截面速度VRSD
11 702 3860.061 2
21 937 0680.052 9
32 229 2530.052 8
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893119464376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Arrangement angle of the single layer deflector

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案水平投影长度/mm间距/mm与水平方向夹角/(°)
12 2502 40015
22 2502 40030
32 2502 40015~30（等差递增）
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893249487805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

单级导流板布置夹角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案水平投影长度/mm间距/mm与水平方向夹角/(°)
12 2502 40015
22 2502 40030
32 2502 40015~30（等差递增）
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893333373888, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Arrangement angle of double-layer deflector

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案水平投影长度/mm间距/mm与水平方向夹角/(°)
4第1级2 2502 40015~30等差递增
第2级1 3602 80015~60等差递增
5第1级2 2501 20015~30等差递增
第2级1 3601 40015~60等差递增
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893446620101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两级导流板布置夹角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案水平投影长度/mm间距/mm与水平方向夹角/(°)
4第1级2 2502 40015~30等差递增
第2级1 3602 80015~60等差递增
5第1级2 2501 20015~30等差递增
第2级1 3601 40015~60等差递增
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893530506186, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Arrangement angle of triple-layer deflector

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案水平投影长度/mm间距/mm与水平方向夹角/(°)
6第1级2 2501 20015~30等差递增
第2级1 3601 40015~60等差递增
第3级7001 0000
), ArticleFig(id=1215700893610197966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700881480270338, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

三级导流板布置夹角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案水平投影长度/mm间距/mm与水平方向夹角/(°)
6第1级2 2501 20015~30等差递增
第2级1 3601 40015~60等差递增
第3级7001 0000
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燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电余热锅炉烟道均流装置数值模拟与优化
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陈俊 1 , 孙玉柱 2 , 潘存华 1 , 秦阳 1 , 曹蓝田 1 , 崔运静 3 , 马培勇 2 , 祁风雷 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024,53(6): 106-113
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024, 53(6): 106-113
燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电余热锅炉烟道均流装置数值模拟与优化
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陈俊1 , 孙玉柱2, 潘存华1, 秦阳1, 曹蓝田1, 崔运静3, 马培勇2, 祁风雷2
作者信息
  • 1.中国大唐集团科学技术研究总院有限公司华东电力试验研究院，安徽　合肥　231299
  • 2.合肥工业大学机电产品低碳循环利用技术与装备安徽省重点实验室，安徽　合肥　230002
  • 3.中国石油大学（华东）机电工程学院，山东　青岛　266580

    • 陈俊（1994），男，硕士，工程师，主要研究方向为低碳节能技术及智慧电厂建设，。

通讯作者:

祁风雷（1987），男，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为生物质低碳技术与装备，。
Numerical simulation and optimization of defector installation in waste heat boiler of a combined cycle power plant
Jun CHEN1 , Yuzhu SUN2, Cunhua PAN1, Yang QIN1, Lantian CAO1, Yunjing CUI3, Peiyong MA2, Fenglei QI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Huadong Electric Power Research Institute, China Datang Corporation Science and Technology General Research Institute Ltd., Hefei 231299, China
  • 2.Anhui Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Recycling Technology and Equipment of Mechatronic Products, Hefei 230002, China
  • 3.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Huadong), Qingdao 266580, China
出版时间: 2024-06-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401022
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摘要
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燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电中燃气轮机与余热锅炉主体经常采用大扩张角过渡段连接，导致下游烟气流动不均匀，影响余热锅炉NOx选择性催化还原烟气脱硝效率。对此，提出通过布置三级导流板来改善烟道内烟气的流动均匀性，并采用计算流体力学模拟方法研究过渡段导流板布置形式、安装角度及布置密度等参数对烟道内烟气流动特性的影响规律。结果表明：未设置导流装置时过渡段出现明显漩涡，涡度可达20 m–1，导致烟气流动均匀性差；过渡段安装一级变倾角导流板可显著抑制漩涡的尺寸，安装二级变倾角导流板可显著改善过渡段内烟气流动均匀性，但是烟道后端烟气速度均匀性仍不高，安装三级导流板可同步改善过渡段和烟道内烟气流动均匀性，在换热模块三之后相对速度标准差系数降至2.1%。优化的导流板布置为：一级导流板水平投影长度2.25 m，间距1.20 m，角度15°~30°等差递增；二级导流板水平投影长度1.36 m，间距1.40 m，角度15°~60°等差递增；三级导流板长度0.70 m，间距1.00 m，水平安装。研究结果可为烟气均流装置的设计提供理论指导。

燃气余热锅炉  /  导流板  /  CFD  /  流动均匀性

In natural gas-steam combined cycle power plants, the connection section between the gas turbine and the waste heat boiler is characterized by a sharply expanded channel confined by plates with large inclination angles, which often results in unsatisfactory flow pattern and consequently leads to a reduction in deNOx efficiency in the downstream. Installation of triple layers of deflectors is proposed to improve the flue gas flow uniformity. Computational fluid dynamics modeling approach is adopted to investigate the influences of the deflector parameters including installation arrangements, installation angle and density on the flue gas flow characteristics in the flue duct. A large vortex is clearly observed in the connection section with a vorticity up to 20 m–1, when no deflector is installed. Installing a single layer of deflector with varying installation angles is able to decrease the size of the vortex, while installation of double layers of similar deflectors leads to a satisfactory flow pattern in the connection section. A more preferable flue gas flow pattern in the whole boiler channel is obtained by a setup of triple layers of deflectors. The optimal lengths projected horizontally are 2.25 m, 1.36 m and 0.70 m for the three-layer deflector plates, and the distances between two plates are 1.20 m, 1.40 m and 1.00 m separately. The installation angle is between 15° and 30° with uniform incrementation for the first deflector, and between 15° and 60° with uniform incrementation for the second deflector. A relative velocity standard deviation of 2.1% is obtained at outlet cross-section with the triple deflectors. The research results can provide theoretical guidance for the design of flue gas flow equalization devices

waste heat boiler  /  deflector  /  CFD  /  flow uniformity
陈俊, 孙玉柱, 潘存华, 秦阳, 曹蓝田, 崔运静, 马培勇, 祁风雷. 燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电余热锅炉烟道均流装置数值模拟与优化. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (6) : 106 -113 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401022
Jun CHEN, Yuzhu SUN, Cunhua PAN, Yang QIN, Lantian CAO, Yunjing CUI, Peiyong MA, Fenglei QI. Numerical simulation and optimization of defector installation in waste heat boiler of a combined cycle power plant[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (6) : 106 -113 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401022
正文
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随着我国风光绿电规模不断扩大，电网稳定性挑战越来越突出，考虑到燃气发电机组具有快速启停能力，风-光-气多能互补发电技术可解决电网波动问题[1-2]。此外，相较于燃煤发电，燃气发电碳排放降低，可有效实现火电控碳。目前，全国各地对燃气发电氮氧化物（NOx）等气体污染物排放要求严格[3]，新建燃气发电机组大都采用选择性催化还原（selective catalytic reduction，SCR）烟气脱硝技术[4-6]进一步降低烟气中NOx含量，满足各地排放标准。但是，由于燃气发电机组余热锅炉结构较为紧凑，烟道喷氨格栅截面容易出现烟气流动不均问题，造成后端氨氮混合比例偏差大，导致脱硝效率小于设计指标、过高氨逃逸等问题[7]。通过优化烟道内烟气流动提高NOx催化效率，对于推动NOx超低排放技术发展具有重要的意义[8-9]。
为了减小占地面积，燃气轮机与余热锅炉连接常设置大扩张角过渡段，是造成烟气流动不均匀的重要原因。许多学者针对烟气流场开展数值模拟及实验测试研究，在此基础上提出了一些均流技术与装备。前期研究大部分集中于燃煤余热锅炉的流场优化[10-19]，对于燃气余热锅炉具有借鉴意义。在燃气余热锅炉研究中，郭晨等学者对过渡段烟气流动开展数值模拟和实验研究，获得了过渡段上顶面最佳扩张角分别为α1=30°（一段）和α2=70°（二段），同时对安装单层导流板角度进行了优化研究，比原有设计提高了烟气流动均匀性高达48.15%[20]。为了更真实反映全烟道内气体的流动特征，黄友华[21]和董陈[22]等学者开展了全烟道流场的计算模拟分析，结果表明，加装导流板时催化剂床层截面处速度均匀性提高。
尽管上述文献采用了不同形式导流板改善了烟道内烟气流动均匀性，目前研究仍不能系统阐明导流板布置方式、布置密度及导流板结构参数等关键参数对燃气余热锅炉烟气整流的作用规律，需要进一步开展相关研究。对此，本文采用计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）模拟方法系统研究了导流板安装角度、布置级数等参数对烟气在余热锅炉内流动特性的影响规律，以期对优化均流装置设计提供参考。
1　数理模型及数值方法
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1.1　燃气余热锅炉几何模型
某天然气发电厂安装了2套460 MW级天然气-蒸汽联合发电机组，每套由1台9F级燃气轮机、1台蒸汽轮机和1台余热锅炉等组成。图1为低位布置余热锅炉烟道空间几何模型和计算网格划分。燃气轮机出口烟气经过扩张段进入余热锅炉内部，分别流经前端3个热模块，SCR烟气脱硝系统和后端3个换热模块后排空。设计工况下的余热锅炉入口烟气物性参数见表1。
模块1由高压过热器3、再热器2和高压过热器2组成；高压过热器3和高压过热器2横向管排数为126排，纵向3排，采用ϕ31.75的开齿螺旋鳍片管；再热器2横向管排数为114排，纵向3排，采用ϕ44.45的开齿螺旋鳍片管。模块2由再热器1和高热过热器1组成；高压过热器1横向管排数为126排，纵向4排，采用ϕ31.75的开齿螺旋鳍片管；再热器1横向排数为114排，纵向6排，采用ϕ44.45的开齿螺旋鳍片管。模块3由高压蒸发器和中压过热器组成；高压蒸发器横向管排数为126排，纵向17排，采用ϕ31.75的开齿螺旋鳍片管；中压过热器横向排数为126排，纵向1排，采用ϕ31.75的开齿螺旋鳍片管。为了降低计算模型的复杂度，采用多孔介质区域方法对每个换热模块内的烟气流动进行简化[21-22]，多孔介质区域轴向厚度分别为0.852、2.15、2.60 m。通过引入惯性系数等参数，模拟换热管束对于烟气的阻碍作用。假设多孔介质区域各向同性，多孔介质流动区域动量方程压降源项通过式(1)引入：
Si=−(μαvi+Ci12ρ|v⇀|vi)
式中：1/α代表黏性阻力系数；Ci为惯性阻力因子，m–1；vi为i向速度分量，m/s；μ为流动动力黏度，Pa·s。在管束模拟中，第1项作用通常可以忽略不计，仅考虑惯性项的作用[23]。化简后多孔介质i方向的压降可写成：
Δpi=CiΔni12ρvi|v⇀|
式中：Δni为i方向多孔介质层厚度。开齿螺旋鳍片管管束压降Δpi可由经验公式[24]计算或根据实际测量值获得，而后反向求得Ci。在本研究中，根据换热模块的压降实测数据，计算得到换热模块1、模块2和模块3的惯性阻力因子分别为67.85、27.74、36.00 m–1。
1.2　流体流动控制方程
在余热锅炉内部，烟气流速不高，视其为不可压缩流体，并假设烟气流动达到稳态，且不考虑能量传递过程，烟气流动控制方程如下。
连续性方程：
∇⋅u→¯=0 
动量守恒方程：
∂u→¯∂t+∇⋅（u→¯⊗u→¯）=−1ρ∇p¯+υ∇⋅∇u→¯+g→−u→′u→′¯+S→
式中：υ为运动黏性系数；S→为多孔介质中的惯性阻力项；u→¯为速度雷诺体积或者时间平均；式(4)等号右边第4项为雷诺应力项，基于Boussinesq涡黏性假设，其分量写为：
−ui′uj′¯=−23kδij+υt(∂uj¯∂xi+∂ui¯∂xj)
式中：υt为湍流黏性系数。
在模拟中，采用k-ε湍流模型对湍流黏性系数进行预测，从而封闭动量方程。
1.3　数值方法与边界条件
在求解中，动量方程对流项采用二阶迎风离散格式，扩散项采用中心差分格式进行离散，采用SIMPLE算法求解速度和压强。烟气入口采用速度入口边界条件，出口采用压力边界条件，固体壁面采用速度无滑移边界条件。
1.4　评价指数
相对标准误差系数δRSD常用来反映一个物理量（气体的流速等）在空间分布的均匀性，其定义为：
δRSD(%)=∑i=1n(xi−x¯)2/(n−1)/x¯×100%
式中：xi为样本i中物理量的值；x¯是所有取样的平均值；n为取样数量。在一个计算域横截面上，物理量的平均值可计算为面积加权平均值，定义为：
x¯=∑i=1nxiAi/∑i=1nAi
式中：Ai为第i个横截面网格面积。速度相对标准误差系数VRSD越小，说明速度分布越均匀。
2　结果分析
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2.1　模拟结果与工业数据对比
采用3种不同尺寸的多面体网格对图1中余热锅炉流体空间进行网格划分。表2分析了网格尺寸对出口截面速度相对标准差计算结果的影响。可以看到，采用193.7万个网格时，预测结果不再随着网格数目增多发生显著变化，验证了网格无关性。
图2为燃气余热锅炉内烟气流动云图。从流动速度和涡度云图可以明显观察到烟气在过渡段（扩张段）第2段产生了较大的漩涡。在漩涡处，流体流动速度较小，但是角速度（涡度的一半）可高达10 s–1以上。换热模块中的管束具有均化烟气流场的作用，图2a)显示烟气流经换热模块后流场变得较均匀，模拟结果表明，在换热模块3之后烟气流动与水平方向平均夹角小于5°，烟气流速VRSD为5.9%。从图2b)可以看出，涡度沿烟道轴向逐渐减小，轴向横截面涡度分布也越来越均匀。由此可见，换热管束在抑制烟气旋涡运动方面具有明显效果。
图2c）和图3为烟道内压力云图和沿烟道轴向的压力分布曲线。烟气流经第一、第二和第三换热模块的压降分别为352.7、422.1、570.8 Pa，与燃气机组满负荷运行测量压降误差分别为3.5%、2.9%和3.3%，计算结果较好反映了烟气在余热锅炉内的流动状况。
2.2　导流板均流规律
在过渡段增设导流板是消除烟气流动漩涡和提高烟气流动均匀性的有效方法。上文模拟已表明，换热管束的安装能够在一定程度上提高烟气流动的均匀性，为了清晰地分析导流板布置方式对烟气流动的影响，本节模拟暂不考虑烟道内的换热管束。
表3为单级导流板布置夹角。图4展示了单级导流板3种不同布置方式对过渡段烟气流动的影响。导流板在水平方向投影长度和安装间距保持相同，分别为2.25、2.40 m。方案1和方案2安装的导流板与水平方向夹角保持一致，夹角分别为15°和30°；方案3安装的导流板与水平方向夹角呈现等差递增，最小倾角导流板（15°）为底层导流板，最大（30°）为顶层导流板。模拟结果表明，提高导流板倾角有利于抑制过渡段第2段流动漩涡，但是过大的导流板倾角容易引起底层导流板后端烟气分离现象。方案3通过采用变倾角布置可显著改善这一问题。但是，单层导流板布置仍不能完全抑制漩涡的形成。
表4为两级导流板布置夹角。图5展示了采用两级导流板布置后的烟气流速分布云图。方案4在单级导流板基础上，在过渡区第2段布置了第2级导流板，最底层导流板倾角与下护板保持一致，最上层导流板倾角与上护板保持一致。
如图5a)所示，第2级导流板将流过第1级导流板的烟气进一步分流，使原本第2段上部的回流区域被烟气主流充满，过渡段不存在尺寸较大的漩涡流动。但是，由于导流板之间的间距较大，安装密度低，导流板只能较好地改变附近流体的流向，距离导流板较远的烟气受影响较小，趋近于按原方向运动，烟气流动均匀性仍不高。方案5把第1级导流板安装间距从2.4 m缩小至1.2 m，第2级导流板安装间距从2.8 m缩小至1.4 m后，烟气在过渡段获得较好的流动分布，说明导流板安装密度对整流影响较大。
两级导流板的布置方案可以显著提高过渡段内的烟气流动均匀性，但是烟气在烟道后端形成一个较大的回流区，烟气流动区域主要集中在烟道上层空间，计算烟道出口的平均速度为6.65 m/s，相对标准偏差系数为86.0%，均匀性有待进一步优化。
两级导流板可显著改善入口烟道内烟气流动均匀性，但烟气在流入换热模块空间后趋于混乱，这主要是由于烟道外形再次发生改变，而烟气由于运动惯性而保持向右上流动方向，导致烟道后端回流区的形成。为改善这一流动特性，本研究提出在入口烟道和烟道连结位置均匀布置三级导流板方案，具体如表5和图6所示，促使烟气流动方向保持与水平一致。第3级导流板长度为0.70 m，安装间距为1.00 m。
从图的流速云图及流线可以看出，相比于图5b)中的烟气流动，在入口烟道和烟道连结位置均匀布置水平导流板后，烟气流动均匀性显著改善。计算得到，出口截面的平均速度为5.61 m/s，相对标准偏差系数为43.5%，再次说明三级导流结构可显著改善烟道内烟气流动均匀性。
2.3　均流装置优化效果
图7展示了综合考虑换热管束和加装三级导流板后烟气流速、压力和截面速度分布云图。从速度流线图可以清晰看到烟气流线在烟道内均匀分布，再次证明三级导流板可显著改善烟气在烟道过渡段和换热段内的烟气流动。
图8绘制了无导流板和加装三级导流板工况条件下烟道压降对比。由图8可以看出：加装三级导流板后，燃气轮机背压增加约80 Pa；压力分布也会发生变化，在一级和二级导流板位置，烟气流速加快，压强下降，在导流板之后，压强再次逐渐上升。
图9为安装三级导流板时模块1、模块2和模块3出口截面速度分布云图。可观察到，烟气在流经第一换热模块后烟道横截面上的速度分布已变得较为均匀，在后2个换热模块作用下，烟气流动均匀性进一步提高，模块3出口横截面的平均速度为5.497 m/s，相对标准偏差系数为2.1%，烟气流动均匀性满足要求。
3　结论与展望
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本文采用CFD方法详细讨论了燃气余热锅炉内导流板布置策略，获得以下结论。
1）不安装导流板时，燃气余热锅炉烟道过渡段存在较大的漩涡，涡度可达20 m–1，是造成烟道内流动不均匀的主要原因。
2）导流板的安装角度和密度布置显著影响整流效果，本文提出的等差变角度的导流板安装方式可显著提高烟道过渡段的流动均匀性，提高导流板的安装密度亦可提高过渡段流动均匀性。本文优化的导流板布置尺寸为：一级导流板水平投影长度2.25 m，安装间距1.20 m，安装角度15°~30°等差变化；二级导流板水平投影长度1.36 m，间距1.40 m，安装角度15°~60°；三级导流板长度0.70 m，间距1.00 m，水平安装。布置三级导流板后，喷氨格栅横截面平均速度为5.497 m/s，相对标准偏差系数为2.1%，烟气流动均匀性满足要求。
3）采用CFD方法优化余热锅炉烟道整流结构可为余热锅炉的优化设计提供基础理论支持，亦是提高下游SCR脱硝效率的重要技术手段。
基金
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  • 合肥市关键共性技术“揭榜挂帅”(GJ2022QN02)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助(PA2023GDSK0119)
文献
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2024年第53卷第6期
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文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202401022
  • 接收时间：2024-01-24
  • 首发时间：2026-01-07
  • 出版时间：2024-06-25
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-01-24
基金
Hefei City Key Common Technology Research and Development “Jie Bang Gua Shuai” Project(GJ2022QN02)
合肥市关键共性技术“揭榜挂帅”(GJ2022QN02)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(PA2023GDSK0119)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资助(PA2023GDSK0119)
作者信息
    1.中国大唐集团科学技术研究总院有限公司华东电力试验研究院，安徽　合肥　231299
    2.合肥工业大学机电产品低碳循环利用技术与装备安徽省重点实验室，安徽　合肥　230002
    3.中国石油大学（华东）机电工程学院，山东　青岛　266580

通讯作者:

祁风雷（1987），男，博士，副研究员，主要研究方向为生物质低碳技术与装备，。
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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