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Article(id=1215700815461929871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700809971581533, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202312185, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1703088000000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767775261035, onlineDateStr=2026-01-07, pubDate=1716566400000, pubDateStr=2024-05-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767775261035, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-01-07, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767775261035, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775261035, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1215700809971581533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='148', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767775259725, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775403954, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215701414953796264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700809971581533, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215701414953796265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1215700809971581533, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=67, endPage=74, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1215700815759725468, articleId=1215700815461929871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Analysis of heating, power generation and peak shaving performance of solar assisted cogeneration units, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the increasingly serious problem of power grid peak regulation caused by the instability of new energy, combined with the relatively mature photo-coal complementary power generation technology and the multi-heat source combined heating peak shaving system, the light-coal mixed heating power generation system was designed to make the cogeneration unit have a certain peak regulation capacity. Based on the actual operating conditions of the heating unit and the premise of ensuring the heating load, the coupling mode of the solar-assisted dual-engine cogeneration unit was analyzed, and the peak regulation performance of the two-engine was compared before and after coupling. The results show that, a dynamic throttle valve is installed on the pipeline between the condenser outlet and the heat exchanger of the solar collector system, and the operation mode of the auxiliary heating unit of the solar collector system can be changed, which can realize flexible operation of the integrated system of power generation, heating and peak regulation. Among them, the solar thermal collection system is only used for supplementary heating, the peak regulation capacity ratio is 0.76, and the ratio of solar auxiliary double-heating supply before and after peak regulation capacity is 0.55. The No.1 unit which is assisted by solar energy to bear the maximum heating load has the best performance in peak regulation capacity and peak regulation compensation.

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针对新能源存在不稳定性导致电网调峰问题日益严重的现状，结合较为成熟的光煤互补发电技术及多热源联合供热调峰系统，设计光煤混合供热发电系统，使热电联产机组具有一定的调峰能力。以某300 MW热电联产机组为研究对象，利用Ebsilon Professional软件搭建发电、供热可灵活调节的太阳能辅助热电联产系统，基于供热机组实际双机运行工况，在保证供热负荷前提下，分析太阳能辅助双机热电联产机组耦合方式，比较耦合前后双机调峰性能。结果表明：凝汽器出口与太阳能集热系统换热器间的管道上设置动态节流阀，改变太阳能集热系统辅助供热机组的运行模式，能够实现发电、供热、调峰一体系统的灵活运行；其中，以太阳能集热系统仅用于补充供暖的运行方式调峰能力最强，太阳能辅助单机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.76，太阳能辅助双机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.55，太阳能辅助承担最大供热负荷的1号机组在调峰容量及调峰补偿上效果最佳。

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肖卓楠（1980），女，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为能源高效清洁利用等，。

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肖卓楠（1980），女，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为能源高效清洁利用等，。

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肖卓楠（1980），女，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为能源高效清洁利用等，。

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journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=调峰)], refs=[Reference(id=1215700827713491391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=10, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［1］, rfOrder=0, authorNames=毛翠骥, 余雄江, 徐进良, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=毛翠骥, 余雄江, 徐进良, 等. 耦合熔融盐储热的火电机组灵活调峰系统关键技术研究进展[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(2): 10-22., articleTitle=耦合熔融盐储热的火电机组灵活调峰系统关键技术研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1215700827780600259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=2, pageStart=10, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=［1］, rfOrder=1, authorNames=MAO Cuiji, YU Xiongjiang, XU Jinliang, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MAO Cuiji, YU 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Design parameters of the unit under rated working conditions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
额定功率/MPa254.010
主蒸汽压力/MPa16.670
再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.290
主蒸汽温度/℃538.000
再热蒸汽温度/℃538.000
主蒸汽额定质量流量/(t·h–1)946.350
再热蒸汽额定质量流量/(t·h–1)794.029
供热蒸汽压力/MPa0.485
供热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)317.572
供热负荷/MW244.159
发电热耗率/(kJ·kW–1)6 796.120
发电标准煤耗率/(g·(kJ·kg)–1)232.200
瞬时电功率/kW254.010
当量抽汽/(kJ·kg–1)3 088.770
热化发电率/%56.120
), ArticleFig(id=1215700826832687505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

机组额定工况下设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值
额定功率/MPa254.010
主蒸汽压力/MPa16.670
再热蒸汽压力/MPa3.290
主蒸汽温度/℃538.000
再热蒸汽温度/℃538.000
主蒸汽额定质量流量/(t·h–1)946.350
再热蒸汽额定质量流量/(t·h–1)794.029
供热蒸汽压力/MPa0.485
供热蒸汽流量/(t·h–1)317.572
供热负荷/MW244.159
发电热耗率/(kJ·kW–1)6 796.120
发电标准煤耗率/(g·(kJ·kg)–1)232.200
瞬时电功率/kW254.010
当量抽汽/(kJ·kg–1)3 088.770
热化发电率/%56.120
), ArticleFig(id=1215700826929156501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

The peak regulation capacity of the solar energy assisted unit 1 and unit 2 with different heating parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
1月2月3月4月
供热负荷284.85224.69153.1081.35
辅助1号机组调峰容量245.17265.23288.35310.80
辅助2号机组调峰容量236.47260.19285.47309.02
), ArticleFig(id=1215700827034014108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

太阳能辅助1号、2号机组不同供热参数下调峰容量

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1月2月3月4月
供热负荷284.85224.69153.1081.35
辅助1号机组调峰容量245.17265.23288.35310.80
辅助2号机组调峰容量236.47260.19285.47309.02
), ArticleFig(id=1215700827117900196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Upper limit of load quotation for each gear of 300 MW unit

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档位机组出力区间（额定容量占比）机组报价上限/(元·(MW·h)-1)实际出力区间/MW
1(60%，55%]100(180，165]
2(55%，50%]200(165，150]
3(50%，45%]400(150，135]
4(45%，40%]500(135，120]
), ArticleFig(id=1215700827197591973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1215700815461929871, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

300 MW机组各档位负荷报价上限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
档位机组出力区间（额定容量占比）机组报价上限/(元·(MW·h)-1)实际出力区间/MW
1(60%，55%]100(180，165]
2(55%，50%]200(165，150]
3(50%，45%]400(150，135]
4(45%，40%]500(135，120]
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太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析
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肖卓楠 1, 2 , 张荣 2 , 刘英琦 2 , 安尧 2 , 张智羽 2
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024,53(5): 67-74
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热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024, 53(5): 67-74
太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析
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肖卓楠1, 2 , 张荣2, 刘英琦2, 安尧2, 张智羽2
作者信息
  • 1.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区碳中和协同创新中心，内蒙古　包头　014010
  • 2.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院，内蒙古　包头　014010

    • 肖卓楠（1980），女，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为能源高效清洁利用等，。

Analysis of heating, power generation and peak shaving performance of solar assisted cogeneration units
Zhuonan XIAO1, 2 , Rong ZHANG2, Yingqi LIU2, Yao AN2, Zhiyu ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Carbon Neutralization Collaborative Innovation Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
  • 2.School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
出版时间: 2024-05-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202312185
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摘要
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针对新能源存在不稳定性导致电网调峰问题日益严重的现状，结合较为成熟的光煤互补发电技术及多热源联合供热调峰系统，设计光煤混合供热发电系统，使热电联产机组具有一定的调峰能力。以某300 MW热电联产机组为研究对象，利用Ebsilon Professional软件搭建发电、供热可灵活调节的太阳能辅助热电联产系统，基于供热机组实际双机运行工况，在保证供热负荷前提下，分析太阳能辅助双机热电联产机组耦合方式，比较耦合前后双机调峰性能。结果表明：凝汽器出口与太阳能集热系统换热器间的管道上设置动态节流阀，改变太阳能集热系统辅助供热机组的运行模式，能够实现发电、供热、调峰一体系统的灵活运行；其中，以太阳能集热系统仅用于补充供暖的运行方式调峰能力最强，太阳能辅助单机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.76，太阳能辅助双机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.55，太阳能辅助承担最大供热负荷的1号机组在调峰容量及调峰补偿上效果最佳。

太阳能  /  光热发电  /  热电联产  /  调峰

In view of the increasingly serious problem of power grid peak regulation caused by the instability of new energy, combined with the relatively mature photo-coal complementary power generation technology and the multi-heat source combined heating peak shaving system, the light-coal mixed heating power generation system was designed to make the cogeneration unit have a certain peak regulation capacity. Based on the actual operating conditions of the heating unit and the premise of ensuring the heating load, the coupling mode of the solar-assisted dual-engine cogeneration unit was analyzed, and the peak regulation performance of the two-engine was compared before and after coupling. The results show that, a dynamic throttle valve is installed on the pipeline between the condenser outlet and the heat exchanger of the solar collector system, and the operation mode of the auxiliary heating unit of the solar collector system can be changed, which can realize flexible operation of the integrated system of power generation, heating and peak regulation. Among them, the solar thermal collection system is only used for supplementary heating, the peak regulation capacity ratio is 0.76, and the ratio of solar auxiliary double-heating supply before and after peak regulation capacity is 0.55. The No.1 unit which is assisted by solar energy to bear the maximum heating load has the best performance in peak regulation capacity and peak regulation compensation.

solar energy  /  solar thermal power generation  /  combined heat and power  /  peak shaving
肖卓楠, 张荣, 刘英琦, 安尧, 张智羽. 太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (5) : 67 -74 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202312185
Zhuonan XIAO, Rong ZHANG, Yingqi LIU, Yao AN, Zhiyu ZHANG. Analysis of heating, power generation and peak shaving performance of solar assisted cogeneration units[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (5) : 67 -74 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202312185
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在“双碳”目标背景下[1]，为推进建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，提高能源利用效率，配合清洁能源发电上网，对电厂的调峰能力提出更高要求。2016年的《热电联产管理办法》中要求电厂应遵循“以热定电”的运行方式，保证城市供热率，但也大大限制了热电厂的调峰能力。
太阳能光热发电作为新能源发电已经形成了较为成熟的入网调峰技术，但依然存在着调峰不稳定、效率低等问题，而光煤互补新型供热技术依靠光热发电特性提升了电厂的深度调峰能力，又保证了发电、供热的稳定性[2]。目前，已有很多学者，针对这一特点，对传统热电机组进行光热改造来提高机组调峰能力。侯宏娟等[3]以太阳能蓄热系统为外部联合热源，结合330 MW热电联产机组进行调峰，研究表明以太阳能装置作为外部热源，能够增强热电联产机组的调峰能力，并减少太阳能扰动对机组的影响。丁泽宇等[4]采用线性规划的设计方法，分析太阳能辅助供热机组运行最大收益模式，利用GAMS和CPLEX软件，以某地330 MW供热机组为案例，当地典型日气象参数为基础仿真模拟，结果表明经过优化的机组在太阳能辅助下，同时提高了机组的调峰及节能减排能力，相对于传统热电联产机组在热力性能上有着显著优势。李斌等[5]利用Ebsilon模拟槽式太阳能集热系统与燃煤机组耦合，并在耦合基础上设置储热装置，大大提升了机组节煤量，提高了机组灵活性，克服了太阳能间歇性对太阳能辅助燃煤发电系统的影响。周璐璐等[6]分别将太阳能集热器并联在机组回热系统、高压加热器、低压加热器，以超临界600 MW火电机组在设计工况下的运行参数为基准，利用能源平均成本进行分析，结果表明3种方案均可提高机组热经济性、减少燃煤量并降低CO2排放量。其中，并联在高压加热器，其能源平均成本远低于单纯太阳能热发电成本，具有较高的经济性。
目前，针对太阳能辅助燃煤发电机组研究较多，但对于太阳能辅助燃煤机组的调峰性能研究不够深入，同时现有研究大部分以理论模拟为主，没有根据实际运行情况提出更为合理的燃煤机组光热改造方案。因此，本文结合光热发电、燃煤发电2种技术，设计一种根据实际运行情况可灵活调节供热、发电的太阳能辅助热电联产机组，利用Ebsilon Professional软件，以某电厂2×300 MW热电联产机组为研究对象，搭建仿真模型，从调峰角度分析改造后机组运行性能，同时考虑到电厂实际运行以双机运行为主，在以供热调峰为主的运行方式下，找到更高效的太阳能耦合双机热电联产机组耦合方案，并对耦合前后机组调峰性能、调峰经济性能进行对比分析[7-8]。
1　集成方案介绍
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在燃煤发电系统与太阳能集热系统耦合方案中，太阳能集热系统从机组热力系统中抽取低品位工质作为增补热源。目前，众多研究中以抽取凝汽器出口段凝结水的设计较为常见。本文选取某热电厂2×300 MW热电联产机组为研究对象，汽轮机为CZK300/250-16.7/0.4/538/538型，采用三缸四排汽，共设7级抽汽，回热系统为“三高三低一除氧”。设计将太阳能集热系统与该300 MW热电联产机组耦合，提高机组发电与供热性能。太阳能集热系统辅助发电段：抽取凝结水泵出口凝结水，经过太阳能集热系统加热为集热蒸汽后，替代第三级高压加热器抽汽。太阳能集热系统辅助供暖段：抽取第一级低压加热器部分抽汽经太阳能集热系统加热后与供暖系统提供热量，之后回到凝结水系统参与循环，机组设计参数见表1。
太阳能辅助燃煤热电联产机组集成系统如图1所示，系统在凝汽器出口段与太阳能集热系统换热器之间的管道上设置动态节流阀。设计2种运行方案，通过控制动态节流阀启闭，改变供热、发电抽汽量，实现深度调峰。
方案1　节流阀打开，太阳能集热蒸汽替代第三级高压加热器回热抽汽，第一级低压加热器部分抽汽经太阳能集热系统加热后为热用户提供供暖热量。
方案2　节流阀关闭，太阳能集热系统仅加热第一级低压加热器部分抽汽为热用户提供供暖热量。
2　系统建模
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2.1　太阳能辅助热电联产机组建模
基于某电厂300 MW机组热平衡图，利用Ebsilon Professional软件搭建太阳能辅助热电联产系统进行仿真研究，系统仿真示意如图2所示。
2.2　太阳能辅助热电联产系统建模
太阳能辅助热电联产系统以太阳能集热场为外部联合热源，集热场通过太阳能集热器收集热量，导热工质与换热器将热量传递到外部系统。系统采用太阳能集热蒸汽替代回热抽汽，要求适用功率在200 MW以上，同时中低品位热源即可满足系统需求，考虑到占地面积、投资成本等多种因素，选用槽式太阳能聚光集热器最为合适。选取某地区供暖期实际气象参数作为模拟数据[9-10]，气象参数如图3[8]、图4[9]所示。
为保证机组改造在实际生产中的实用性，需考虑当地太阳光照强度对实际生产应用的影响，一般采用典型年夏至日正午12点光照辐射强度。本文采用某地区年均法向光照辐射强度647.3 W/m2，作为太阳能集热场设计依据。
太阳能集热场换热效率[11-14]为：
η=ηopt⋅Kτa−(a+c⋅v)⋅Tab−TaI−ε⋅b⋅Tab4−Tsky4I
式中：ηopt为集热装置光学效率，%；Kτa为入射角修正系数；I为光照辐射强度，W/m2；v为风速，m/s；Tskya为当地环境温度、大气温度，K；Tab为流体平均温度，K；εab为吸收体发射率；a、b、c均为热平衡系数[15]。
集热器采光面积为：
As=QsI⋅ηc=QsI⋅ητ⋅ξs
式中：As为集热装置集热面积，m2；Qs为采集光照总能，J/s；I为光照强度，W/m2；ηc集热装置有效热效率；ητ为集热装置换热效率；ξs为接收效率[16]，取0.729。
3　数学模型
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基于热力学第一定律，分析机组热力特性，使用热量分配计算[17-21]。
热电厂总热效率为：
ηtp=Pe+QhBtpQnet=Pe+qm,rcp(Tr2−Tr1)Qtp
式中：Qh为供热负荷，GJ/h；Pe为发电机功率，kW；Btp为热电厂煤耗量，kg/s；Qnet为燃煤低位发热量，kJ/kg；qm,r为热网水流量，kg/s；cp为热网水比定压热容，kJ/(kg·K)；Tr2为热网供水温度；Tr1为热网回水温度；Qtp机组热耗量。
调峰容量为[22]：
S=Pmax−Pmin
式中：S为机组调峰容量，MW；Pmax为机组最大发电功率，MW；Pmin为机组最小发电功率，MW。
4　单机调峰分析
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针对某电厂2×300 MW热电联产机组进行太阳能光热改造，耦合槽式太阳能光热发电系统，并设计2种运行方案，比较2种运行方案在不同主蒸汽流量下电厂总热效率、机组电功率（图5），并据此进行调峰分析。
对图5进行分析可得，在相同主蒸汽流量工况下，方案1发电功率、总热效率高于方案2。在不同主蒸汽流量工况下，方案1主蒸汽流量在811.75 t/h时机组达到调峰最优工况（保证机组有较好的热效率，且有着不错的调峰能力），此时机组发电功率达到225.57 MW，日调峰量约为28.44 MW，电厂总热效率为69.11%；方案2主蒸汽流量在806.57 t/h时机组达到调峰最优工况，此时发电功率为217.54 MW，日调峰量约为36.47 MW，电厂总热效率为68.19%。
在最优调峰工况下，方案1机组电功率、总热效率高于方案2，热经济性能好，适用于电网调峰要求不高的情况，能够保证机组调峰能力的同时有更好的发电效率；方案2调峰能力更强，适用于电网调峰要求高的情况，改造后大幅度提升了机组调峰能力，为新能源退让发电空间，同时机组也能保持较好的热经济性能。
5　数学模型
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5.1　双机耦合方式
在实际生产中电厂机组为保证不同时段、不同季节电网用户负荷变化，机组不可能一直满负荷运行。当负荷降低，偏离设计工况时，发电能耗增高，会提高机组发电成本，并且当机组有检修、故障等情况时，要保证随时有机组并网运行，所以实际生产中电厂往往采用双机组运行[23]。本文通过Ebsilon Professional软件模拟太阳能辅助双机热电联产机组。
综上所述，运行方案2（动态节流阀关闭，太阳能集热系统仅加热第一级低压加热器部分抽汽为热用户提供供暖热量）调峰性能更强。故在方案2运行方式下，比较太阳能分别辅助1号、2号机组的调峰性能，太阳能辅助双机前后机组系统示意如图6、图7所示。
该电厂双机运行供热模式下，1号机组承担主要供热需求，约为80％供热负荷，2号机组承担部分供热需求，约为20％供热负荷。供暖期，机组白天在最小出力工况下运行，夜晚在常规工况下运行；非供暖期，白天太阳能集热蒸汽替代机组第一级高加部分抽汽提高发电负荷，夜间机组在常规工况下运行。
下文根据实际供暖期中各月份用户供热需求分析运行中太阳能分别辅助1号、2号机组的调峰性能。太阳能辅助1号、2号机组不同供热参数下的调峰容量见表2，总主蒸汽流量与热负荷间的关系如图8所示。
由表2可得，在相同供热负荷下，太阳能辅助1号机组比太阳能辅助2号机组具有更大的调峰容量。1月到4月负荷逐渐减小，1月太阳能辅助1号机组与太阳能辅助2号机组调峰容量差为8.7 MW，4月太阳能辅助1号机组与太阳能辅助2号机组调峰容量差为1.78 MW，调峰容量差随着供热负荷降低而逐渐减小。
从图8分析可得，同等热负荷下，由于太阳能的加入，热电联产机组可有效减少主蒸汽流量，从而减少用于汽轮机发电的蒸汽量，且太阳能辅助1号机组调峰效果要优于2号机组。
5.2　单双机调峰性能比较
比较太阳能辅助双机热电联产机组与太阳能辅助单机调峰性能，图9为太阳能辅助单双机组前后热电负荷特性区间。
根据文献[3]，供热机组最小出力约为设计功率的70%（即210 MW），对应的原始机组供热负荷约为337.98 MW。由图9可知：原始单机调峰容量为43.65 MW，太阳能辅助单机调峰容量为57.56 MW，调峰容量比值为0.76；原始双机调峰容量为86.19 MW，而太阳能辅助双机调峰容量为157.19 MW，调峰容量比值为0.55。相对于太阳能辅助单机供热前后调峰容量比值，太阳能辅助双机调峰容量比值小，说明太阳能辅助双机调峰能力比太阳能辅助单机调峰效果更好。
5.3　双机调峰经济分析
近年来，国家为了鼓励火电机组参与调峰，逐渐完善调峰补偿政策。该政策为因参与电网调峰而损失部分发电能力的机组提供一定经济补偿，调峰补偿随机组调峰效果在一定范围内浮动，从而鼓励火电机组积极参与深度调峰，为新能源电力退让发电空间[24-25]。本文采用文献[26]中燃煤火电机组有偿调峰补偿的相关政策，该政策规定燃煤机组有偿调峰基准为机组设计负荷率60%以下，每下降5%负荷率提高一定的调峰补偿价格，直至达到机组的最小出力工况为止，各档位负荷报价见表3。
机组设计容量为300.00 MW，调峰补偿最低基准为设计容量的60%，即180.00 MW。根据调峰补偿价格表，负荷率在第1档位区间内调峰补偿价格采用最低价格标准为0.1元/(kW·h)，调峰收益区间如图10所示。
从图10可以看出，由于1号、2号机组的供热负荷不同，实际运行下2号供热机组在不同条件下调峰能力十分相近，调峰补偿收益几乎相同，主要调峰补偿收益差距体现在1号供热机组上。其中，以原始1号机组调峰补偿收益范围区间最小，仅为热功率在177.66 MW以下；由太阳能辅助2号机组条件下的1号机组，在热功率为213.28 MW以下时开始有调峰补偿收益；而由太阳能辅助的1号机组，在供热功率为242.44 MW以下已经存在调峰补偿收益，故而以太阳能集热蒸汽辅助1号机组双机运行调峰模式调峰收益最大，同时相对其他方案调峰能力最佳。
6　结论
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本文提出了2种太阳能辅助供热机组运行方案，基于某300 MW供热机组实际运行模式建立仿真集成系统，分析机组运行的热力特性、调峰能力、调峰补偿收益，结论如下。
1）通过在凝汽器出口段与太阳能集热系统换热器之间的管道上设置动态节流阀，在用电高峰期，打开节流阀使太阳能集热蒸汽替代第三级高压加热器回热抽汽，第一级低压加热器部分抽汽经太阳能集热系统加热后为热用户提供供暖热量，此时机组热力特性最佳；用电低谷期关闭节流阀，太阳能集热系统仅加热第一级低压加热器部分抽汽为热用户提供供暖热量。此时调峰性能强，大幅度增强了机组运行灵活性。
2）节流阀关闭的运行模式下，太阳能辅助单机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.76，太阳能辅助双机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.55，太阳辅助双机调峰效果比辅助单机效果好。
3）基于某电厂2×300 MW机组实际运行参数，构建合理双机耦合模型，实现太阳能调峰。结果表明，太阳能辅助1号机组调峰范围最大，调峰容量差随供热负荷降低而逐渐减小。2号机组与1号机组相比，1号机组的调峰收益更加。综上所述，太阳能辅助承担大部分供热负荷的1号机组双机运行模式，在调峰容量及调峰补偿收益上最佳。
本文的研究结果为太阳能集热场在实际的应用提供了一定的理论基础，同时可为太阳能热辅助热电联产机组改造提供借鉴和参考依据。基于本文的研究成果，还可进一步对结合储热装置的运行模式进行研究，通过增加储热装置，实现全天后的调峰模式，应用范围更加广泛。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51966016)
  • 内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2022MS05036)
文献
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2024年第53卷第5期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202312185
  • 接收时间：2023-12-21
  • 首发时间：2026-01-07
  • 出版时间：2024-05-25
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  • 收稿日期：2023-12-21
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51966016)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51966016)
Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation(2022MS05036)
内蒙古自然科学基金资助项目(2022MS05036)
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    1.内蒙古科技大学内蒙古自治区碳中和协同创新中心，内蒙古　包头　014010
    2.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院，内蒙古　包头　014010
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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