Article(id=1213164440661443263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213164438232941220, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202309163, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1695052800000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767170542159, onlineDateStr=2025-12-31, pubDate=1711296000000, pubDateStr=2024-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767170542159, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-31, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767170542159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767170542159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1213164438232941220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='182', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767170541580, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767775374880, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215701293012796069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213164438232941220, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215701293012796070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213164438232941220, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=42, endPage=50, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1213164440883741380, articleId=1213164440661443263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on the prediction model of temperature and humidity in the ring main unit based on nonlinear coupling method, columnId=1213164439017276071, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Special topic on new energy power generation technology, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The working environment of the ring main unit (RMU) in large solar photovoltaic power plants is complex and variable, faced with harsh environments such as temperature differences and humidity, it is extremely easy to cause operational failures of the ring grid cabinet, which seriously affects the safe and stable connection of solar photovoltaic to transmission lines. Based on the measured temperature and humidity data inside the RMU, utilizing the advantages of ARIMA and RBF model in linear and nonlinear data processing, a temperature and humidity prediction model with ARIMA-RBF weight combination is constructed to dynamically predict the temperature and humidity inside the RMU. The dynamic prediction of temperature and humidity in the actual loop cabinet of a photovoltaic power station is carried out. The prediction results show that, compared with the single model, the ARMI-RBF weight combination model has higher prediction accuracy and better stability. The combined model gives full play to the processing ability of a single model for different characteristics of data through appropriate weighting strategies, and can better evaluate the temperature and humidity state inside the RMU. It can provide a reference for the establishment of a more universal prediction model, and help to reduce the failure caused by long-term operation of the ring cabinet under ultra-mild and humid environment.

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大型太阳能光伏电站中的环网柜工作环境复杂多变,面对温差大、潮湿等恶劣环境,极易发生环网柜运行故障,影响太阳能光伏的安全稳定接入并网。环网柜温湿度具有明显的线性和非线性变化特征,基于环网柜内部温湿度实测数据,利用自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型和径向基函数(RBF)模型对线性和非线性数据处理能力的优势,构建ARIMA-RBF权重组合温湿度预测模型,对某光伏电站实际环网柜内温湿度进行动态预测。预测结果表明:相较于单一模型,ARIMA-RBF权重组合模型的预测精度更高、稳定性更好;该组合模型通过适当的加权策略充分发挥了单一模型对数据不同特征的处理能力,能较好地评估环网柜内部温湿度状态,可为建立更具普适性的预测模型提供参考,并有助于减少环网柜因长期超温和潮湿环境下运行引起的故障。

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徐冬梅(1993),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网设备材料性能评估,

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徐冬梅(1993),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网设备材料性能评估,

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徐冬梅(1993),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网设备材料性能评估,

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Statistical results of errors in temperature and humidity prediction based on different sample sets using ARIMA model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模对象样本集天数/d模型形式δMAE/℃δMAPE/%δRMSE/℃
温度/℃25ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,1)241.112.881.42
20ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,1)241.133.121.55
15ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)241.523.051.69
10ARIMA(1,1,0)(0,1,0)241.985.792.31
5ARIMA(1,1,0)(0,0,1)242.546.874.74
湿度/%25ARIMA(0,0,3)(1,0,1)240.580.781.32
20ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,0,1)240.630.821.37
15ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,0,1)240.470.460.87
10ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,0,1)240.520.691.36
5ARIMA(0,0,2)(1,0,0)240.710.911.59
), ArticleFig(id=1213164447191974843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213164440661443263, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

采用ARIMA模型对不同样本集温湿度预测误差统计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模对象样本集天数/d模型形式δMAE/℃δMAPE/%δRMSE/℃
温度/℃25ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,1)241.112.881.42
20ARIMA(0,1,1)(1,1,1)241.133.121.55
15ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1)241.523.051.69
10ARIMA(1,1,0)(0,1,0)241.985.792.31
5ARIMA(1,1,0)(0,0,1)242.546.874.74
湿度/%25ARIMA(0,0,3)(1,0,1)240.580.781.32
20ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,0,1)240.630.821.37
15ARIMA(2,0,0)(1,0,1)240.470.460.87
10ARIMA(1,0,0)(1,0,1)240.520.691.36
5ARIMA(0,0,2)(1,0,0)240.710.911.59
), ArticleFig(id=1213164447271666625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213164440661443263, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Statistical results of errors in temperature and humidity prediction using RBF model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模对象输入变量样本集天数/d模型形式δMAE/℃δMAPE/%δRMSE/℃
温度/℃A253-6-21.745.972.66
203-9-21.936.422.82
153-10-22.117.093.14
103-5-22.458.263.51
53-10-22.686.923.46
B1252-3-11.795.092.23
202-10-11.444.131.74
152-8-11.624.741.92
102-3-12.145.832.54
52-5-11.774.932.09
C251-7-21.764.942.07
201-5-21.634.522.01
151-7-21.674.772.05
101-8-21.744.962.04
51-9-21.825.022.24
湿度/%A253-6-20.480.490.77
203-9-20.540.550.82
153-10-20.680.661.18
103-5-20.510.561.21
53-10-20.690.681.36
B2252-1-11.021.071.29
202-3-11.131.151.69
152-4-10.780.761.58
102-10-10.680.661.25
52-7-10.710.731.43
C251-7-20.840.861.61
201-5-20.960.891.82
151-7-20.730.711.31
101-8-20.480.530.95
51-9-20.520.621.42
), ArticleFig(id=1213164447376524234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213164440661443263, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

RBF模型对温度和湿度预测误差分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模对象输入变量样本集天数/d模型形式δMAE/℃δMAPE/%δRMSE/℃
温度/℃A253-6-21.745.972.66
203-9-21.936.422.82
153-10-22.117.093.14
103-5-22.458.263.51
53-10-22.686.923.46
B1252-3-11.795.092.23
202-10-11.444.131.74
152-8-11.624.741.92
102-3-12.145.832.54
52-5-11.774.932.09
C251-7-21.764.942.07
201-5-21.634.522.01
151-7-21.674.772.05
101-8-21.744.962.04
51-9-21.825.022.24
湿度/%A253-6-20.480.490.77
203-9-20.540.550.82
153-10-20.680.661.18
103-5-20.510.561.21
53-10-20.690.681.36
B2252-1-11.021.071.29
202-3-11.131.151.69
152-4-10.780.761.58
102-10-10.680.661.25
52-7-10.710.731.43
C251-7-20.840.861.61
201-5-20.960.891.82
151-7-20.730.711.31
101-8-20.480.530.95
51-9-20.520.621.42
), ArticleFig(id=1213164447472993237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213164440661443263, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Statistical results of errors in optimal temperature and humidity prediction using ARIMA, RBF and ARIMA-RBF models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模对象样本集天数/d输入变量模型类别δMAE/℃δMAPE/%δRMSE/℃
温度25B1ARIMA1.172.771.34
20RBF1.534.021.68
ARIMA-RBF1.092.851.14
湿度15AARIMA0.460.480.89
25RBF0.580.620.68
ARIMA-RBF0.410.330.48
), ArticleFig(id=1213164447573656534, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213164440661443263, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ARIMA、RBF、ARIMA-RBF模型温湿度预测最优时误差统计结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
建模对象样本集天数/d输入变量模型类别δMAE/℃δMAPE/%δRMSE/℃
温度25B1ARIMA1.172.771.34
20RBF1.534.021.68
ARIMA-RBF1.092.851.14
湿度15AARIMA0.460.480.89
25RBF0.580.620.68
ARIMA-RBF0.410.330.48
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光伏电站环网柜温湿度非线性耦合预测模型研究
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徐冬梅 1, 2 , 张杰 1, 2 , 刘学广 1 , 邹君文 1
热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2024,53(3): 42-50
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热力发电 | 新能源发电技术专题 2024, 53(3): 42-50
光伏电站环网柜温湿度非线性耦合预测模型研究
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徐冬梅1, 2 , 张杰1, 2, 刘学广1, 邹君文1
作者信息
  • 1.浙江省电力锅炉压力容器检验有限公司,浙江 杭州 310014
  • 2.国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,浙江 杭州 310014
  • 徐冬梅(1993),女,硕士,工程师,主要研究方向为电网设备材料性能评估,

Research on the prediction model of temperature and humidity in the ring main unit based on nonlinear coupling method
Dongmei XU1, 2 , Jie ZHANG1, 2, Xueguang LIU1, Junwen ZOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Zhejiang Provincial Electric Power Boiler & Pressure Vessel Check Institute Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310014, China
  • 2.State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd., Research Institute, Hangzhou 310014, China
出版时间: 2024-03-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202309163
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大型太阳能光伏电站中的环网柜工作环境复杂多变,面对温差大、潮湿等恶劣环境,极易发生环网柜运行故障,影响太阳能光伏的安全稳定接入并网。环网柜温湿度具有明显的线性和非线性变化特征,基于环网柜内部温湿度实测数据,利用自回归移动平均(ARIMA)模型和径向基函数(RBF)模型对线性和非线性数据处理能力的优势,构建ARIMA-RBF权重组合温湿度预测模型,对某光伏电站实际环网柜内温湿度进行动态预测。预测结果表明:相较于单一模型,ARIMA-RBF权重组合模型的预测精度更高、稳定性更好;该组合模型通过适当的加权策略充分发挥了单一模型对数据不同特征的处理能力,能较好地评估环网柜内部温湿度状态,可为建立更具普适性的预测模型提供参考,并有助于减少环网柜因长期超温和潮湿环境下运行引起的故障。

太阳能光伏  /  环网柜  /  温湿度  /  非线性耦合  /  权重组合预测模型

The working environment of the ring main unit (RMU) in large solar photovoltaic power plants is complex and variable, faced with harsh environments such as temperature differences and humidity, it is extremely easy to cause operational failures of the ring grid cabinet, which seriously affects the safe and stable connection of solar photovoltaic to transmission lines. Based on the measured temperature and humidity data inside the RMU, utilizing the advantages of ARIMA and RBF model in linear and nonlinear data processing, a temperature and humidity prediction model with ARIMA-RBF weight combination is constructed to dynamically predict the temperature and humidity inside the RMU. The dynamic prediction of temperature and humidity in the actual loop cabinet of a photovoltaic power station is carried out. The prediction results show that, compared with the single model, the ARMI-RBF weight combination model has higher prediction accuracy and better stability. The combined model gives full play to the processing ability of a single model for different characteristics of data through appropriate weighting strategies, and can better evaluate the temperature and humidity state inside the RMU. It can provide a reference for the establishment of a more universal prediction model, and help to reduce the failure caused by long-term operation of the ring cabinet under ultra-mild and humid environment.

solar photovoltaic  /  ring main unit  /  temperature and humidity  /  nonlinear coupling  /  weighted combination prediction model
徐冬梅, 张杰, 刘学广, 邹君文. 光伏电站环网柜温湿度非线性耦合预测模型研究. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (3) : 42 -50 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202309163
Dongmei XU, Jie ZHANG, Xueguang LIU, Junwen ZOU. Research on the prediction model of temperature and humidity in the ring main unit based on nonlinear coupling method[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (3) : 42 -50 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202309163
在“碳达峰碳中和”的能源背景下,大力发展可再生清洁能源发电成为实现“双碳”目标的重要途径[1-2]。在众多可再生能源发电中,太阳能光伏发电是资源最丰富、最高效的发电方式之一[3]。此外,光伏发电技术发展相对成熟、实用性较高,是解决全球能源问题、实现“双碳”目标的主力军[4-5]。预计2030年底,太阳能光伏发电占比将超过全球电力供应总量的1/10以上;预计到2040年底,光伏发电将占全球总发电量的1/5以上;预计21世纪末期,绿色清洁能源将占4/5以上,太阳能发电将达到3/5以上[6]。太阳能光伏作为新能源发电的重要形式将迎来新的发展机遇,太阳能光伏产业将在能源领域具有重要的战略地位[7-9]
太阳能光伏发电在接入并网前要多方面考虑光伏属性与配电网状态,确保太阳能光伏接入后电网的安全稳定运行[10-11]。环网柜是一种太阳能光伏电源接入电网前采用的重要开关设备,环网柜以其结构简单、体积小以及成本低等优点,成为目前在光伏发电领域应用较为广泛的开关设备之一。太阳能光伏电站一般处在偏远戈壁地区,昼夜温差较大,同时电网系统的电荷负载也会使环网柜内部温度快速变化,如不能及时监测温度变化会导致火灾等事故发生。此外,环网柜长期暴露于室外,受环境湿度的影响较大,这都会增加设备的故障发生率。光伏电站环网柜投入使用后,运维人员很难对环网柜进行准确的温度、湿度测量,因而不能准确及时地发现问题。环网柜一旦早期温度、湿度异常故障不能及时发现处理,便有可能造成严重的安全事故,严重影响太阳能光伏发电并网的安全稳定性,造成巨大的经济损失。如果可以对环网柜内部的温度与湿度变化进行在线预测,便可以实现对环网柜故障发展趋势的早期预测,较早掌握设备潜在的故障风险。因此,对太阳能光伏接入电网侧环网柜内部温湿度提出准确有效的预测模型,可以有效减少环网柜因在长期超温和潮湿环境下运行而引起的故障。
近年来,研究者提出对温湿度提前预测的多种预测模型[12-14]。同时为提高温湿度预测模型精度,提出利用多种方法对其改进优化,例如采用模型组合[15-16]、多种参数优化[17-18]以及分类方法等。其中,通过模型中预测函数对采集数据分析能力的不同,将不同模型进行组合并行工作,获得每种单一模型提取的有效信息,完成预测模型的准确性与稳定性提升[19]。经验模型组合预测方法在较多领域均具有较高的适用性,但在温湿度预测方面研究较少,研究人员将组合预测方法应用于温室温度预测中获得较好的预测效果[20]。此外,经验模型的权重优化组合方法在温湿度预测研究较少[21]。传统的环境温湿度预测模型所需的物理量和未知参数较多,很难广泛用于实际环网柜温度预测[22-23]。数据驱动的非线性模型可以通过挖掘数据内在自相关特性,分析历史数据变化趋势实现环境温湿度的预测[24-25],并通过不断地改进提升模型预测的精度[26],降低环境因素对结果准确性的影响[27]
本文以太阳能光伏电站接入电网侧环网柜的环境采集数据为基础,将环网柜内部温度与湿度设置为动态时间序列数据,基于自回归移动平均(auto regressive integrated moving average,ARIMA)模型和径向基函数(radial basis function,RBF)神经网络对线性与非线性数据具有较好的预测分析优势,构建基于ARIMA-RBF神经网络的环网柜内部温度与湿度预测方法。通过对比分析该权重组合模型对环网柜线性和非线性特征变量的预测精度,为建立更具普适性的温湿度预测模型提供参考,并有助于减少太阳能光伏电站环网柜长期处于高温潮湿环境下运行引起的设备故障。
本文数据来自宁夏中宁汉能850 MW超大型光伏电站并网侧环网柜,该项目总装机容量850 MW。通过测试传感器完成对温度、湿度以及光照强度的数据采集,其采集精度分别为±0.4 ℃、±4%和±0.158%μmol/(m2·s)。数据采集传感器位于环网柜内部电极位置,采集频率为1 min。光伏电站位于宁夏中宁,年气温在7月最高,因此以2022年7月数据为例进行模型研究。并将7月30−31日的数据作为验证集,前5天(7月25−29日)、前10天(7月20−29日)、前15天(7月15−29日)、前20天(7月10−29日)和前25天(7月5−29日)的数据作为样本集,利用不同样本集的温度和湿度数据计算预测结果。
ARIMA模型利用时间序列得到历史数据,数据经过后处理与评估构建数学模型。环网柜内部温湿度呈现周期性变化规律,故可以采用季节ARIMA模型进行处理[28]
设定温度与湿度的时间序列为{Yt},周期为S,延迟因子B,故BYt=Yt-1;考虑季节差分因子ΔS=1-BS,可得:
ΔSYt=(1BS)Yt=YtYtS
对于D阶季节差分可得:
ΔSDYt=(1Bs)DYt=ΔSD1YtΔSD1YtS
假设存在正整数dD可以使{Yt}满足差分方程(3):
Ø(B)φ(B)ΔdΔSDYt=θ(B)ϑ(B)et
式中:Ø(B)为非季节性自回归模型参数;φ(B)为季节性自回归参数;Δ为非季节性差分因子,Δ=1-Bd为非季节性差分阶梯数;θ(B)为非季节性移动平均参数;ϑ(B)为季节性移动平均参数;et为环境噪声序列。环境噪声序列非季节性阶梯数为pdq,季节性阶梯数为PDQ,故ARIMA模型表示为ARIMA(p,d,q)(P,D,Q)S
(B)=11B2B2pBp
φ(B)=1φ1BSφ2B2SφpBPS
θ(B)=1θ1Bθ2B2θqBq
ϑ(B)=1ϑ1BSϑ2B2SϑQBQS
ARIMA模型只考虑变量自身的历史数据,对线性关系特征的数据具有较强的提取能力。该模型通过观察温湿度序列的自相关函数等方法分析变量的稳定性[28]。对于稳定性较差的数据进行差分、转换等后处理,并通过判断时间序列确定模型的阶数,对具有不同阶数的组合开展优化分析以获得最优的ARIMA模型。
RBF神经网络中隐藏层通过矢量交换将低维空间的线性不可分问题转换为高维空间内的线性可分问题[29]。环网柜内部的温湿度在受到历史采集数据的影响之外,也受到光伏电站环境光照强度的影响。所以环网柜内部的温度与湿度的时间序列呈现线性与非线性2种特征,RBF神经网络可以针对非线性部分进行处理分析。
RBF神经网络可表示为:
Y=WTR(x)
Rg=exp(xcg22σg2)
式中:Y为RBF神经网络的输出变量;W为权值向量;g为隐藏层节点数;Rg为高斯函数;cg为RBF神经网络的中心向量;σg为高斯函数的宽度;x*为神经网络输入值。不同时刻隐藏层中输出值为:
Ygt=w1R1+w2R2++wgRg
εt=(YtYgt)22
式中:εt为网络学习指标函数;Ytt时刻真实值。
RBF神经网络的非线性映射能力较强,在不提供历史数据的前提下可以对模型完成快速逼近,是一种应用较为广泛的环境因子模型。根据温湿度变量获得输入层与输出层的节点个数,确定数据的误差平方与最小值为优化的目标,明确隐藏层的节点个数,进一步确定基函数的中心点和宽度的值,并利用最小二乘法获得隐含层到输出层的权值向量,采用多个参数的RBF模型获得下一时刻的温度与湿度数据[29]
温度与湿度是具有线性和分线性特性的时间序列,故将ARIMA模型和RBF神经网络相结合,发挥二者线性与非线性数据提取能力的优势,得到ARIMA-RBF权重组合模型。ARIMA-RBF权重组合模型通过提取单个模型的采集数据,利用最优加权的方法不断提高新组合模型的预测准确性,获得温度与湿度最终预测值表达式:
Y3t=k1Y1t+k2Y2t
式中:Y1tY2t分别为2种单一模型对温度与湿度的预测值;k1k2分别为2种单一模型的权重。假设有m组温度与湿度的时间序列数据YtE1tE2t分别为采用2种单一模型获得温湿度预测值的误差,二者组合后的预测结果误差为Et,则有:
Ejt=YtYjt (t=1,2,m;j=1,2)
Et=k1E1t+k2E2t(k1+k2=1,k10,k20)
根据优化后的最小Et2求得组合模型的权重,基于式(12)便可得到下一时刻的温湿度预测值。
本文采用均方误差δMAE、平均绝对百分比误差δMAPE、均方根误差δRMSE分析不同预测模型的准确性与稳定性。
δMAE=1mt=1m|YtYjt|
δMAPE=100mt=1m|YtYjtYt|
δRMSE=1mt=1m(YtYjt)2(j=1,2,3)
基于中宁汉能850 MW光伏电站并网侧环网柜内部温湿度数据,利用ARIMA模型、RBF模型和ARIMA-RBF权重组合模型,完成2022年7月份温度、湿度样本数据的分析,并对7月30—31日共48 h的温湿度数据进行预测,通过与实际温湿度值对比验证不同预测模型的精度与稳定性。
图1为采用ARIMA模型对不同样本集的温度和湿度预测结果。根据图1a)的温度预测结果可知:采用5天样本集得到的温度预测结果与实际测量值差距较大,采用10天样本集的温度预测结果在温度最高时存在明显的误差;此外,采用15天、20天和25天样本集获得的温度预测结果与实际值误差相对较小,并且,利用25天样本集的温度预测结果精度最高。通过对图1b)湿度预测结果分析可知:采用15天样本集的模型预测精度最高,与实际测量值最为接近,而采用5天样本集的预测结果和实际测试值相差较大,利用10天、20天和25天样本集预测结果的准确性介于二者之间,与实际测试值均存在较大误差,在湿度最低值时误差最大。
表1为采用ARIMA模型对不同样本集温湿度预测误差统计结果。根据表1的统计结果可知:ARIMA模型采用不同样本集的温湿度预测结果存在明显的差异。温度预测结果的δMAEδMAPEδRMSE分别为1.11~2.54 ℃、2.88%~6.87%以及1.42~ 4.74 ℃,湿度预测结果δMAEδMAPEδRMSE分别为0.47%~0.71%、0.46%~0.91%以及0.87%~1.59%。当样本集包含的天数较少时,ARIMA模型预测结果的统计值不断增加,表明预测精度与稳定性逐渐下降。而湿度预测结果的3项统计值变化规律与温度不同,中等天数15天样本集的预测精度最高,统计天数较少或天数较多都会引起模型预测结果的准确性和稳定性降低。
采用输入变量B1的RBF模型温度预测和输入变量A的RBF模型湿度预测为例,对不同输入变量和样本集数据进行分析处理,完成7月30日和31日温度、湿度数据的预测。图2为采用RBF模型对输入变量B1的温度和输入变量A的湿度的预测结果。根据图2a)可知:采用输入变量B1的RBF模型无法很好地预测较低状态下温度;采用不同样本集的RBF模型在温度较低时均存在明显的误差,其中5天样本集的预测结果在温度最高时也出现较大的误差。根据图2b)输入变量为A的RBF模型预测结果可知,采用25天样本集的湿度预测结果与实际值最为接近,20天样本集的湿度预测结果准确性次之,而15、10、5天样本集的预测结果与实际值在温度最低值附近均存在明显误差。
为分析周围环境对温、湿度的影响,设置3种输入变量进行预测效果比较。输入变量A为前a时刻温度、湿度和环境光照强度;输入变量B分为B1B2 2种,B1为前b时刻湿度和光照强度(温度建模时),B2为前b时刻温度和光照强度(湿度建模时);输入变量C为前c时刻光照强度。
表2为RBF模型对温度和湿度预测误差分析结果。根据表2的统计结果,采用不同输入变量与样本集的RBF温湿度预测模型,其预测精度与稳定性具有明显的差异。温度预测结果的δMAEδMAPEδRMSE分别为1.44~2.68 ℃、4.13%~8.26%以及1.74~3.51 ℃,湿度预测结果的统计值变化范围分别为0.48%~1.13%、0.49%~1.15%以及0.77%~ 1.82%。当输入变量为A、BC时,分别对应25、20、20天样本集的温度预测结果与测试值的统计结果误差最小,湿度的预测结果与25、10、10天的样本集分别对应。
采用相同样本集时,温度预测结果的3项误差统计值A模型最大,湿度预测结果的3项误差统计值B2模型最大。因此,输入变量为B2时20天样本集的温度预测模型与输入变量为A时25天样本集的湿度预测模型较其他模型具有很好的预测准确性和稳定性。
为了使ARIMA-RBF组合模型具有较高的预测精度,本文采用最优的ARIMA模型与RBF模型预测方法进行组合,故采用25天样本集的ARIMA模型和输入变量为B1的20天样本集RBF模型进行温度预测,采用15天样本集ARIMA模型和输入变量为A的25天样本集RBF模型进行湿度预测。在此基础上,采用线性规划方法使误差平方和最小,获得模型加权系数,最终确定温度与湿度组合模型的预测值分别为Y3t=0.53Y1t+0.48Y2tY3t=0.42Y1t+0.71Y2t
图3为采用ARIMA、RBF、ARIMA-RBF模型的温度和湿度预测结果对比。
根据图3a)可知,除低温附近预测结果外,ARIMA-RBF组合模型具有较高的预测精度,可以准确地预测实际温度。单独采用ARIMA模型完成的温度预测结果与实际测试值相差较小,说明温度变化受到时序的影响较大。此外,采用RBF模型与ARIMA-RBF组合模型获得的低温预测结果与实际测试结果具有较大的差异,并且RBF模型在高温条件下获得的预测结果也具有较低的稳定性。根据图3b)可知,ARIMA模型对湿度的预测精度较差,在湿度达到最低值时出现明显的误差。而RBF模型在湿度达到最低值时的预测精度较高,与实际值较为吻合,说明此时湿度变量具有非线性,RBF模型对处理非线性变量具有优势。相较于ARIMA与RBF模型,ARIMA-RBF组合模型的预测结果与实际测试值更为接近,预测精度与稳定性更高。
表3为ARIMA、RBF、ARIMA-RBF模型温湿度预测最优时误差统计结果。根据表3的误差统计结果可知,在温度预测过程中,ARIMA-RBF组合模型的δMAPE大于ARIMA模型结果,ARIMA-RBF模型的误差统计值均低于ARIMA模型与RBF模型,说明ARIMA-RBF组合模型对于环网柜内部温湿度的预测具有更高的精度和稳定性。此外,通过对比ARIMA与RBF模型的3项误差统计结果发现,ARIMA模型在温度预测过程中,3项误差统计均小于RBF模型,而在湿度预测过程中,ARIMA模型相较于RBF模型具有较高的δRMSE,说明采用ARIMA模型在湿度预测时的稳定性更差,综合性能较差。
本文以太阳能光伏电站接入电网侧环网柜温湿度数据为基础,利用ARIMA、RBF以及ARIMA-RBF权重组合模型,对光伏电站环网柜2022年7月线性和非线性特征变量温湿度序列样本集进行分析,在此基础上完成7月30日和31日温度、湿度数据的预测,通过与实际温湿度值对比验证不同预测模型的精度与稳定性。得到以下结论:
1)根据温度预测结果可知,ARIMA-RBF模型的预测性能准确性最佳,对应的δMAEδMAPEδRMSE分别为1.09 ℃、2.85%和1.14 ℃,相较于其他模型具有较高的预测准确性与稳定性,ARIMA模型预测的准确性次之,而RBF模型的预测准确性相对最差;根据湿度的预测结果可知,ARIMA-RBF模型的预测准确性相对较高,δMAEδMAPEδRMSE分别为0.41 ℃、0.33%和0.48 ℃,RBF模型的预测准确性次之,而ARIMA模型对湿度预测的准确性最差。
2)采用ARIMA模型能够很好地完成对温度数据的预测,而RBF模型能够对湿度数据进行较好的预测,说明温度数据具有明显的时间序列特征,同时线性特征也较为明显,而湿度数据的非线性特点更加明显。
3)光伏电站环网柜的温度与湿度具有一定的季节性线性特征,当受到电站环境因素的影响时,会呈现出一定的非线性特点。ARIMA-RBF组合模型基于ARIMA模型与RBF模型对线性与非线性数据均具有一定的分析处理优势,可很好地完成环境影响因子与环网柜温湿度之间的拟合,提升温湿度预测模型的预测性能,预测结果更为接近实际测试值,为建立环网柜温湿度预测技术减少光伏电站高温潮湿环境下运行故障提供了新的方法与思路。
4)一方面,本文研究仅对7月的环网柜内部温湿度数据进行分析,中宁汉能光伏电站不同季节环境温湿度存在明显差异,因此,需要考虑季节性环境因素的影响分别训练不同模型;另一方面,本文提出的组合预测模型权重系数在预测过程中是固定不变的,而单一ARIMA模型和RBF模型在不同时刻预测精度并不固定,因此,进行有序赋权的变权组合预测模型还有待于进一步研究。
  • 国家电网有限公司科技项目(GJRD2021-04)
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2024年第53卷第3期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202309163
  • 接收时间:2023-09-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-31
  • 出版时间:2024-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-19
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Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(GJRD2021-04)
国家电网有限公司科技项目(GJRD2021-04)
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    1.浙江省电力锅炉压力容器检验有限公司,浙江 杭州 310014
    2.国网浙江省电力有限公司电力科学研究院,浙江 杭州 310014
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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