Article(id=1213131704408134073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213131702797517129, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687276800000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1767162737228, onlineDateStr=2025-12-31, pubDate=1708790400000, pubDateStr=2024-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1767162737228, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-31, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1767162737228, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767162737228, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1213131702797517129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='198', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1767162736844, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767168616029, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1213156361978954089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213131702797517129, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1213156361978954090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1213131702797517129, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=101, endPage=113, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1213131704647209403, articleId=1213131704408134073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Comparative analysis of carbon emission monitoring methods for gas-fired units based on HJ 75—2017 and accounting guidelines, columnId=1211002405299294959, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Thermal energy science research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Accurate carbon emissions data of gas units is one of the guarantees to ensure carbon trading. Many gas units recently installed online gas chromatography devices, so that the carbon emission is able to be real-time monitored from fuel part. For units that are not equipped with flue gas CO2 monitoring system or have no enough equipment space, conversion with flue gas O2 concentration is one of the feasible paths to monitor carbon emission from flue gas part. But whether direct measurement or conversion monitoring methods, there is still a lack of sufficient research on the deviation of continuous monitoring data from the fuel part and flue gas part. Therefore, for the gas units without capability to directly monitor flue gas CO2 in the short term, this study takes the historical data of an F-class gas-steam combined cycle unit for the simulation, and conducts continuous simulation monitoring and analysis based on the conversion with flue gas O2 concentration and online gas chromatography. It is found that there is no stable sorting rule of the monthly data and the relative deviation between different calculation methods. All the relative deviation of annual data is less than 5%. The correlation between δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h and the O2 concentration of CEMS is the highest. The deviation of carbon emission amount in the unit is mainly in the stable combustion section with a load ratio of more than 55%. In accordance with current standards or specifications, the O2 concentration of CEMS and the wet flue gas flow rate at the chimney outlet is most likely to cause the deviation of carbon emission amount from the fuel part and flue gas part. Under the existing technical specifications, the carbon emission from fuel part and flue gas part can be monitored in real time, which can be used for analysis on trend, but only the uncertainty of result from fuel part is below 5%. For gas units, the carbon emission monitored at fuel part is more appropriate, and the method monitoring the flue gas part may be more suitable for coal-fired units.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Gongda CHEN, Xiuxia CAI, Hai LIN, Weiye LU, Xiangbo ZOU, Fang XU, Shuangchen MA), CN=ArticleExt(id=1213131709315469836, articleId=1213131704408134073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=基于HJ 75—2017标准与核算指南的燃气机组碳排放监测方法仿真对比分析, columnId=1211002405437706993, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=热能科学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

准确掌握燃气机组碳排放情况是保证碳交易的保障之一。不少燃气机组开始加装在线气相色谱装置,使燃料端实时监测也成为了一种可能,同时对于未加装CO2监测系统或存在设备空间已满的机组,则通过O2体积分数折算进行实时监测是可行路径之一。但不论采用直测还是折算监测方法,在前后端连续监测数据的偏差问题分析上,目前仍然缺乏足够的研究。因此,针对短期内不具备CO2直测能力的机组,以某F级燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组历史数据为仿真对象,基于烟气O2体积分数数据换算和燃料在线气相色谱数据进行连续仿真监测分析。结果发现:不同监测方法的月度数据之间没有一致性的大小排序关系,相对偏差有正也有负,年度数据相互偏差均小于5%;δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h与烟囱出口烟气排放连续监测系统(continuous emission monitoring system,CEMS)O2体积分数相关性最高;该机组的碳排放偏差主要集中在负荷率55%以上的稳燃段;烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数和烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速在满足现有定期检定要求的前提下导致前后端碳排放量偏差的可能性最大;现有技术规范下,前后端均能实现实时监测,可用于趋势分析,但只有燃料端监测方法的仿真相对扩展不确定度小于5%;对于燃气机组,从燃料端进行碳排放监测可能更加合适,而烟气端监测方法可能更适合燃煤机组。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=guqIpmMN1MuWPe2E2waWrw==, magXml=zeM6ih16lolg16qjhVFj4w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=lm3Q8QYhci50sAwObt9OMg==, pdfFileSize=2565054, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=f4j65+rfZk2hFiGBIZtglw==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=Nm/ne3Jrh8XY+gCPRUO9Pw==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

陈公达(1990),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为烟气CCUS技术、碳排放监测技术、烟气污染物控制技术、工业数据挖掘,

, authorsList=陈公达, 蔡秀霞, 林海, 卢伟业, 邹祥波, 徐昉, 马双忱)}, authors=[Author(id=1213131711731389025, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=chengongda@geg.com.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131711882383983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131711731389025, language=EN, stringName=Gongda CHEN, firstName=Gongda, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712071127674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131711731389025, language=CN, stringName=陈公达, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630, bio={"content":"

陈公达(1990),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为烟气CCUS技术、碳排放监测技术、烟气污染物控制技术、工业数据挖掘,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

陈公达(1990),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为烟气CCUS技术、碳排放监测技术、烟气污染物控制技术、工业数据挖掘,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131709638431258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709651014171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709638431258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709659402781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709638431258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630)])]), Author(id=1213131712159208066, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712272454286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131712159208066, language=EN, stringName=Xiuxia CAI, firstName=Xiuxia, middleName=null, lastName=CAI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Guangdong Yuehua Power Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712381506199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131712159208066, language=CN, stringName=蔡秀霞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.广东粤华发电有限责任公司,广东 广州 510730, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131709802009128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709818786347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709802009128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Guangdong Yuehua Power Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709848146477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709802009128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东粤华发电有限责任公司,广东 广州 510730)])]), Author(id=1213131712482169507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712616387239, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131712482169507, language=EN, stringName=Hai LIN, firstName=Hai, middleName=null, lastName=LIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.Zhanjiang Customs Technical Center, Zhanjiang 524022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712691884719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131712482169507, language=CN, stringName=林海, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.湛江海关技术中心,广东 湛江 524022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131710049473080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710057861689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710049473080, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Zhanjiang Customs Technical Center, Zhanjiang 524022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710066250298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710049473080, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湛江海关技术中心,广东 湛江 524022)])]), Author(id=1213131712775770806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712901599936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131712775770806, language=EN, stringName=Weiye LU, firstName=Weiye, middleName=null, lastName=LU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Shunde Testing Institute, Foshan 528300, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131712972903112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131712775770806, language=CN, stringName=卢伟业, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=4, address=4.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院,广东 佛山 528300, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131710301131332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710322102854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710301131332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Shunde Testing Institute, Foshan 528300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710372434503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710301131332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院,广东 佛山 528300)])]), Author(id=1213131713069372112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=4, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131713153258204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131713069372112, language=EN, stringName=Xiangbo ZOU, firstName=Xiangbo, middleName=null, lastName=ZOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131713224561378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131713069372112, language=CN, stringName=邹祥波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131709638431258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709651014171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709638431258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709659402781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709638431258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630)])]), Author(id=1213131713321030379, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=5, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131713501385462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131713321030379, language=EN, stringName=Fang XU, firstName=Fang, middleName=null, lastName=XU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131713610437372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131713321030379, language=CN, stringName=徐昉, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131710515040849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710565372498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710515040849, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710586344019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710515040849, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])]), Author(id=1213131713698517766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, orderNo=6, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1213131713841124111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131713698517766, language=EN, stringName=Shuangchen MA, firstName=Shuangchen, middleName=null, lastName=MA, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1213131713971147541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, authorId=1213131713698517766, language=CN, stringName=马双忱, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=5, address=5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131710515040849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710565372498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710515040849, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710586344019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710515040849, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1213131714143114017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=gas-fired units), Keyword(id=1213131714323469103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=carbon emissions), Keyword(id=1213131714436715323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=fuel source), Keyword(id=1213131714600293190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=flue gas source), Keyword(id=1213131714742899535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=simulation), Keyword(id=1213131714927448924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=燃气机组), Keyword(id=1213131716236071780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=碳排放), Keyword(id=1213131716319957865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=燃料端), Keyword(id=1213131716408038258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=烟气端), Keyword(id=1213131716521284477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=仿真)], refs=[Reference(id=1213131721722220709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=BP P.L.C., journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BP P.L.C. 世界能源统计年鉴2020[EB/OL]. (2021-01-11) [2022-05-02]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.shtml., articleTitle=世界能源统计年鉴2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131721852244140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=1, authorNames=BP P.L.C., journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BP P.L.C. World energy statistics yearbook 2020[EB/OL]. (2021-01-11) [2022-05-02]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.shtml., articleTitle=World energy statistics yearbook 2020, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131721990656181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=2, authorNames=BP P.L.C., journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BP P.L.C. 世界能源统计年鉴2022[EB/OL]. (2022-01-07) [2022-12-18]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.shtml., articleTitle=世界能源统计年鉴2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722099708089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=3, authorNames=BP P.L.C., journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BP P.L.C. World energy stistics yearbook 2022[EB/OL]. (2022-01-07) [2022-12-18]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.shtml., articleTitle=World energy stistics yearbook 2022, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722288451774, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=10, pageStart=15, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=4, authorNames=朱法华, 徐静馨, 潘超, journalName=环境保护, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱法华, 徐静馨, 潘超. 电力行业减污降碳发展状况及目标展望[J]. 环境保护, 2022, 50(10): 15-20., articleTitle=电力行业减污降碳发展状况及目标展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722393309384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=50, issue=10, pageStart=15, pageEnd=20, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=5, authorNames=ZHU Fahua, XU Jingxin, PAN Chao, journalName=Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHU Fahua, XU Jingxin, PAN Chao. Development situation and target prospect on the reduction of pollutant and carbon emissions in power industry[J]. Environmental Protection, 2022, 50(10): 15-20., articleTitle=Development situation and target prospect on the reduction of pollutant and carbon emissions in power industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722485584075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=14, pageStart=4060, pageEnd=4069, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=6, authorNames=程耀华, 张宁, 康重庆, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=程耀华, 张宁, 康重庆, 等. 低碳多能源系统的研究 框架及展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(14): 4060-4069., articleTitle=低碳多能源系统的研究 框架及展望, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722619801810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=37, issue=14, pageStart=4060, pageEnd=4069, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=7, authorNames=CHENG Yaohua, ZHANG Ning, KANG Chongqing, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHENG Yaohua, ZHANG Ning, KANG Chongqing, et al. Research framework and prospects of low-carbon multiple energy systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(14): 4060-4069., articleTitle=Research framework and prospects of low-carbon multiple energy systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722737242327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=8, authorNames=李子翠, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李子翠. 发电企业碳排放权交易模型研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学, 2021: 1., articleTitle=发电企业碳排放权交易模型研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722863071454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=9, authorNames=LI Zicui, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Zicui. Research on carbon emission trading model of power generation enterprises[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021: 1., articleTitle=Research on carbon emission trading model of power generation enterprises, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131722963734754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=10, authorNames=中华人民共和国生态环境部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国生态环境部. 企业温室气体排放核算与报告指南 发电设施[Z/OL]. (2022-12-22) [2023-04-02]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202212/W020221221671986519778.shtml., articleTitle=企业温室气体排放核算与报告指南 发电设施, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723076980966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=11, authorNames=Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Guidelines for accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions by enterprises power generation facilities[Z/OL]. (2022-12-22) [2023-04-02]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202212/W020221221671986519778.shtml., articleTitle=Guidelines for accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions by enterprises power generation facilities, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723181838571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=12, authorNames=包雪珂, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=包雪珂. 基于SD的中国火电碳排放预测与控制研究[D]. 衡阳: 南华大学, 2021: 1., articleTitle=基于SD的中国火电碳排放预测与控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723299279087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=13, authorNames=BAO Xueke, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAO Xueke. SD-based research on carbon emission prediction and control of thermal power in China[D]. Hengyang: University of South China, 2021: 1., articleTitle=SD-based research on carbon emission prediction and control of thermal power in China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723416719604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=14, authorNames=弓林娟, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=弓林娟. 面向灵活性运行的火电机组建模及其预测控制研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2022: 1., articleTitle=面向灵活性运行的火电机组建模及其预测控制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723504799993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=15, authorNames=GONG Linjuan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GONG Linjuan. Research on modeling of thermal power units and their predictive control for flexible operation[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022: 1., articleTitle=Research on modeling of thermal power units and their predictive control for flexible operation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723630629123, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=16, authorNames=王雅娴, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王雅娴. 中国火电行业碳排放和总碳强度减排问题研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2020: 1., articleTitle=中国火电行业碳排放和总碳强度减排问题研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131723735486724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=17, authorNames=WANG Yaxian, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Yaxian. Research on carbon emission and total carbon intensity reduction in China’s thermal power industry[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2020: 1., articleTitle=Research on carbon emission and total carbon intensity reduction in China’s thermal power industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131725228658954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=18, authorNames=宣琳, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宣琳. 火电行业碳排放强度的时空格局及影响因素研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2020: 1., articleTitle=火电行业碳排放强度的时空格局及影响因素研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131725379653907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=19, authorNames=XUAN Lin, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUAN Lin. Study on the spatial and temporal patterns and influencing factors of carbon emission intensity in thermal power industry[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao tong University, 2020: 1., articleTitle=Study on the spatial and temporal patterns and influencing factors of carbon emission intensity in thermal power industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131725509677335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=20, authorNames=吴昊, 任鑫, 朱俊杰, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴昊, 任鑫, 朱俊杰. 发电行业二氧化碳排放监测技术现状与综述[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(7): 1-13., articleTitle=发电行业二氧化碳排放监测技术现状与综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131725593563418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=52, issue=7, pageStart=1, pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=21, authorNames=WU Hao, REN Xin, ZHU Junjie, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WU Hao, REN Xin, ZHU Junjie. Current situation and review of carbon dioxide emission monitoring technology in power generation industry[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 1-13., articleTitle=Current situation and review of carbon dioxide emission monitoring technology in power generation industry, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131725731975455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=54, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=陈公达, 邹祥波, 卢锐, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈公达, 邹祥波, 卢锐, 等. 中外火电企业碳排放统计方法与质量控制现状分析[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(10): 54-60., articleTitle=中外火电企业碳排放统计方法与质量控制现状分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131725870387493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=54, pageEnd=60, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=23, authorNames=CHEN Gongda, ZHOU Xiangbo, LU Rui, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN Gongda, ZHOU Xiangbo, LU Rui, et al. Analysis of carbon emission statistics methods and quality control status of thermal power companies in China and abroad[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(10): 54-60., articleTitle=Analysis of carbon emission statistics methods and quality control status of thermal power companies in China and abroad, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726025576745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=47, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=刘科, 杨兴森, 王太, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘科, 杨兴森, 王太, 等. 基于实时监测的燃煤机组碳排放特性研究[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(10): 47-53., articleTitle=基于实时监测的燃煤机组碳排放特性研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726172377391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=51, issue=10, pageStart=47, pageEnd=53, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=25, authorNames=LIU Ke, YANG Xingsen, WANG Tai, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Ke, YANG Xingsen, WANG Tai, et al. Study on carbon emission characteristics of coal-fired units based on real-time monitoring[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(10): 47-53., articleTitle=Study on carbon emission characteristics of coal-fired units based on real-time monitoring, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726398869812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=54, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=26, authorNames=周春蕾, 王明, 李梦, journalName=价格理论与实践, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周春蕾, 王明, 李梦, 等. 美国火电机组碳排放连续监测机制研究[J]. 价格理论与实践, 2018(11): 54-57., articleTitle=美国火电机组碳排放连续监测机制研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726537281849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=11, pageStart=54, pageEnd=57, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=27, authorNames=ZHOU Chunlei, WANG Ming, LI Meng, journalName=Price Theory and Practice, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Chunlei, WANG Ming, LI Meng, et al. A study on continuous monitoring mechanism of carbon emissions from thermal power units in the United States[J]. Price Theory and Practice, 2018(11): 54-57., articleTitle=A study on continuous monitoring mechanism of carbon emissions from thermal power units in the United States, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726621167935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=120, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=28, authorNames=郭振, 王小龙, 任健, journalName=计量学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭振, 王小龙, 任健, 等. 二氧化碳排放连续在线监测过程的模拟与不确定度评定[J]. 计量学报, 2022, 43(1): 120-126., articleTitle=二氧化碳排放连续在线监测过程的模拟与不确定度评定, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726705054019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=43, issue=1, pageStart=120, pageEnd=126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=29, authorNames=GUO Zhen, WANG Xiaolong, REN Jian, journalName=Journal of Metrology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Zhen, WANG Xiaolong, REN Jian, et al. Simulation and uncertainty assessment of continuous online monitoring process of carbon dioxide emission[J]. Journal of Metrology, 2022, 43(1): 120-126., articleTitle=Simulation and uncertainty assessment of continuous online monitoring process of carbon dioxide emission, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726830883143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=刘昱良, 李姚旺, 周春雷, journalName=中国电机工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘昱良, 李姚旺, 周春雷, 等. 电力系统碳排放计量与分析方法综述[J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报: 1-16. (2023-06-27)[2023-08-08]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.Pcsee.223452., articleTitle=电力系统碳排放计量与分析方法综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131726952517963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=16, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=31, authorNames=LIU Yuliang, LI Yaowang, ZHOU Chunlei, journalName=Proceedings of the CSEE, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Yuliang, LI Yaowang, ZHOU Chunlei, et al. Overview of carbon measurement and analysis methods in power systems[J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE: 1-16. (2023-06-27)[2023-08-08]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.Pcsee.223452., articleTitle=Overview of carbon measurement and analysis methods in power systems, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727057375569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=159, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=32, authorNames=刘英, journalName=能源与环保, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘英. 燃煤电厂二氧化碳排放浓度在线监测技术[J]. 能源与环保, 2022, 44(12): 159-163., articleTitle=燃煤电厂二氧化碳排放浓度在线监测技术, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727187398999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=12, pageStart=159, pageEnd=163, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=33, authorNames=LIU Ying, journalName=Energy and Environmental Protection, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Ying. Online monitoring technology for carbon dioxide emission concentration of coal-fired power plants[J]. Energy and Environmental Protection, 2022, 44(12): 159-163., articleTitle=Online monitoring technology for carbon dioxide emission concentration of coal-fired power plants, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727296450906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=3, pageStart=136, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=34, authorNames=张钦, 张达, 张希良, journalName=环境经济研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张钦, 张达, 张希良. 在线监测应用于中国碳排放监测的相关问题和制度建议[J]. 环境经济研究, 2021, 6(3): 136-146., articleTitle=在线监测应用于中国碳排放监测的相关问题和制度建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727397114208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=6, issue=3, pageStart=136, pageEnd=146, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=35, authorNames=ZHANG Qin, ZHANG Da, ZHANG Xiliang, journalName=Environmental Economics Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG Qin, ZHANG Da, ZHANG Xiliang. Issues related to online monitoring applied to carbon emission monitoring in China and institutional suggestions[J]. Environmental Economics Research, 2021, 6(3): 136-146., articleTitle=Issues related to online monitoring applied to carbon emission monitoring in China and institutional suggestions, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727501971812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=城镇燃气分类和基本特性: GB/T 13611—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727581663594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Urban gas classification and basic characteristics: GB/T 13611—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727682326894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=38, authorNames=中华人民共和国生态环境部, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中华人民共和国生态环境部. 固定污染源烟气(SO2、NOx、颗粒物)排放连续监测技术规范[Z/OL]. (2018-03-01) [2023-03-17]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/201801/W020180322535566350157.shtml., articleTitle=固定污染源烟气(SO2、NOx、颗粒物)排放连续监测技术规范, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727745241457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=39, authorNames=Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Technical specifications for continuous monitoring of flue gas (SO2, NOx, particulate matter) emissions from stationary sources[Z/OL]. (2018-03-01) [2023-03-17]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/201801/W020180322535566350157.shtml., articleTitle=Technical specifications for continuous monitoring of flue gas (SO2, NOx, particulate matter) emissions from stationary sources, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727833321846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=40, authorNames=刘闯, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘闯. 燃气—蒸汽联合循环机组性能分析平台开发研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2017: 1., articleTitle=燃气—蒸汽联合循环机组性能分析平台开发研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131727938179448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=41, authorNames=LIU Chuang, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Chuang. Research and development on gas-steam combined cycle unit’s performance analysis platform[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017: 1., articleTitle=Research and development on gas-steam combined cycle unit’s performance analysis platform, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131728051425662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=42, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=天然气的组成分析 气相色谱法: GB/T 13610—2020 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131728122728834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=43, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Composition analysis of natural gas gas chromatography: GB/T 13610—2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131728265335175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=44, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=天然气计量系统技术要求: GB/T 18603—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131728399552910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=45, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Technical requirements of natural gas metering system: GB/T 18603—2014[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131729645261204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=46, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=环境保护产品认证实施规则 固定污染源废气非甲烷总烃连续监测系统: CCAEPI-RG-Y-053—2019[S]. 北京: 中环协认证中心, 2019: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131729779478935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=47, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Environmental protection product certification implementation rules fixed pollution source exhaust gas non-methane total hydrocarbon continuous monitoring system: CCAEPI-RG-Y-053—2019[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Association Certification Center, 2019: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131729909502366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=48, authorNames=美国环境保护署, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=美国环境保护署. 40 CFR第98部分-强制性温室气体报告[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-98., articleTitle=40 CFR第98部分-强制性温室气体报告, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730047914405, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=49, authorNames=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR part 98-mandatory greenhouse gas reporting[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-98., articleTitle=40 CFR part 98-mandatory greenhouse gas reporting, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730148577707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=50, authorNames=美国环境保护署, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=美国环境保护署. 40 CFR第75部分-连续排放监测[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-75., articleTitle=40 CFR第75部分-连续排放监测, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730253435312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=51, authorNames=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR part 75-continuous emission monitoring[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-75., articleTitle=40 CFR part 75-continuous emission monitoring, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730408624567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=52, authorNames=王霂晗, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王霂晗. 火电厂碳排放监测体系与核算方法的研究[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2021: 1., articleTitle=火电厂碳排放监测体系与核算方法的研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730551230907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=53, authorNames=WANG Muhan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Muhan. Research on carbon emission monitoring system and accounting method of thermal power plant[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2021: 1., articleTitle=Research on carbon emission monitoring system and accounting method of thermal power plant, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730660282814, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=54, authorNames=欧洲委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=欧洲委员会. 执行规例委员会(欧盟) 2018/2066[EB/OL]. (2022-08-28) [2023-06-20]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2066-20220828., articleTitle=执行规例委员会(欧盟) 2018/2066, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730756751808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=55, authorNames=European Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=European Commission. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018/2066[EB/OL]. (2022-08-28) [2023-06-20].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2066-20220828., articleTitle=Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018/2066, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730869998020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=56, authorNames=欧洲委员会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=欧洲委员会. 执行规例委员会(欧盟) 2018/2067[EB/OL]. (2021-01-01) [2023-06-20]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2067-20210101., articleTitle=执行规例委员会(欧盟) 2018/2067, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131730970661322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=57, authorNames=European Commission, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=European Commission. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018/2067[EB/OL]. (2021-01-01) [2023-06-20]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2067-20210101., articleTitle=Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018/2067, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131731121656270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=58, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=火电厂烟气二氧化碳排放连续监测技术规范: DL/T 2376—2021[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2021: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1213131731201348050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=59, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Technical specification for continuous monitoring of flue gas carbon dioxide emissions from thermal power plants: DL/T 2376—2021[S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2021: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1213131721290207367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, awardId=2021YFF0601001, language=EN, fundingSource=National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFF0601001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1213131721386676366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, awardId=2021YFF0601001, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0601001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1213131721470562453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, awardId=GEG/AJS-22-002, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Energy Group Co., Ltd.(GEG/AJS-22-002), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1213131721583808666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, awardId=GEG/AJS-22-002, language=CN, fundingSource=广东省能源集团有限公司科技项目(GEG/AJS-22-002), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1213131709638431258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709651014171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709638431258, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709659402781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709638431258, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630)]), AuthorCompany(id=1213131709802009128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709818786347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709802009128, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Guangdong Yuehua Power Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131709848146477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131709802009128, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.广东粤华发电有限责任公司,广东 广州 510730)]), AuthorCompany(id=1213131710049473080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710057861689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710049473080, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.Zhanjiang Customs Technical Center, Zhanjiang 524022, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710066250298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710049473080, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.湛江海关技术中心,广东 湛江 524022)]), AuthorCompany(id=1213131710301131332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=4., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710322102854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710301131332, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Shunde Testing Institute, Foshan 528300, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710372434503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710301131332, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院,广东 佛山 528300)]), AuthorCompany(id=1213131710515040849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, xref=5., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710565372498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710515040849, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1213131710586344019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, companyId=1213131710515040849, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1213131716680668040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Monthly carbon emissions using different calculation methods, figureFileSmall=g0+0m7jleldK2yPV/MGngQ==, figureFileBig=f4j65+rfZk2hFiGBIZtglw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131716781331344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同监测方法的月度碳排放量, figureFileSmall=g0+0m7jleldK2yPV/MGngQ==, figureFileBig=f4j65+rfZk2hFiGBIZtglw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717016212384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Absolute deviation of monthly carbon emissions, figureFileSmall=A5W6nvFniCfi2WWlwG2zYw==, figureFileBig=R4aC0EGD7C7AbLmkFpLizg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717133652905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图2, caption=月度碳排放量绝对偏差, figureFileSmall=A5W6nvFniCfi2WWlwG2zYw==, figureFileBig=R4aC0EGD7C7AbLmkFpLizg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717255287727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Monthly and annual carbon emission rates, figureFileSmall=aeqeruY38Oq/GFQwmZNEdg==, figureFileBig=pl2hNt/afa73VUDCvi6K/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717355951031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图3, caption=月度年度碳排放速率, figureFileSmall=aeqeruY38Oq/GFQwmZNEdg==, figureFileBig=pl2hNt/afa73VUDCvi6K/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717456614333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Relative deviation of monthly carbon emissions, figureFileSmall=4Oh5Eitmi07xGSSmEiUf+w==, figureFileBig=GqhAPmcVg4Ww15Um3RLRpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717599220680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图4, caption=月度碳排放量相对偏差, figureFileSmall=4Oh5Eitmi07xGSSmEiUf+w==, figureFileBig=GqhAPmcVg4Ww15Um3RLRpw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717720855505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Relative deviation of instantaneous carbon emission rates, figureFileSmall=KFNz2xdngouBWroY1v5FDg==, figureFileBig=qKEUVWX1yTnIdguByyV7Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717871850465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图5, caption=小时碳排放速率相对偏差散点分布, figureFileSmall=KFNz2xdngouBWroY1v5FDg==, figureFileBig=qKEUVWX1yTnIdguByyV7Dg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131717997679593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=The correlation coefficient and distribution law between δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h and the characteristics, figureFileSmall=efcpOpu3M7rPYDhtELFF2A==, figureFileBig=h+ggyyOlAi0g7gtU4y68CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718123508724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图6, caption=δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h与特征的相关性系数与分布规律, figureFileSmall=efcpOpu3M7rPYDhtELFF2A==, figureFileBig=h+ggyyOlAi0g7gtU4y68CQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718228366333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Carbon emissions at different loading stages, figureFileSmall=VHY71CVoJsYhzUkF2RQtNw==, figureFileBig=G90xSsv3PI5emPO6siYcyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718308057094, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同负荷率阶段的机组碳排放量, figureFileSmall=VHY71CVoJsYhzUkF2RQtNw==, figureFileBig=G90xSsv3PI5emPO6siYcyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718400331790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Partial differential of features for different load rates, figureFileSmall=7CzOFWUkMiMvXUABPhk2wA==, figureFileBig=/HDY5yzZGfJcGEhi23MKmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718517772311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同负荷率的特征偏导数, figureFileSmall=7CzOFWUkMiMvXUABPhk2wA==, figureFileBig=/HDY5yzZGfJcGEhi23MKmQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718635212830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Feature data distribution at different load rates (red lines represent 55% load rate), figureFileSmall=GO3rzctsvc5rv6u5VBvHMg==, figureFileBig=EumgQ7csaKKPvvq+dHrCLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718744264743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同负荷率的特征数据分布(标识线为55%负荷率), figureFileSmall=GO3rzctsvc5rv6u5VBvHMg==, figureFileBig=EumgQ7csaKKPvvq+dHrCLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718836539439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Upper and lower limits of carbon emission simulation with allowable error of start-stop section characteristics, figureFileSmall=E47DNwVyhse7jLxog68hSQ==, figureFileBig=ErfbHS8OneLryA6xgb92Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131718953979957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图10, caption=启停段特征允许误差的碳排放量仿真上下限, figureFileSmall=E47DNwVyhse7jLxog68hSQ==, figureFileBig=ErfbHS8OneLryA6xgb92Bw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131719109169220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Upper and lower limits of carbon emission simulation with allowable error of stable section characteristics, figureFileSmall=b8UhR2wQuAcaZ9uXhOSaDw==, figureFileBig=u4WQPF7KZfjp3LkNDe/8GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131719234998350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=图11, caption=稳燃段的特征允许误差的碳排放量仿真上下限, figureFileSmall=b8UhR2wQuAcaZ9uXhOSaDw==, figureFileBig=u4WQPF7KZfjp3LkNDe/8GQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1213131719373410395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

The overall evaluation results of relative deviation of carbon emission rate δRMSE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目烟气监测−缺省核算燃料监测−缺省核算烟气监测−燃料监测
小时δRMSE5.731.885.72
δRMSE3.821.553.39
年绝对偏差1.660.680.98
), ArticleFig(id=1213131719516016738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

碳排放速率相对偏差δRMSE总体评价结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目烟气监测−缺省核算燃料监测−缺省核算烟气监测−燃料监测
小时δRMSE5.731.885.72
δRMSE3.821.553.39
年绝对偏差1.660.680.98
), ArticleFig(id=1213131720703004778, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Allowable error values of features and the simulated relative deviations at different loading stages

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征允许误差启停段仿真相对偏差/%稳燃段仿真相对偏差/%
烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数±15%88.9464.74
烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速±10%17.0520.68
速度场系数±5%8.5310.35
CCO2,MAX±0.2%7.1432.00
烟囱出口CEMS湿度±25%4.155.66
天然气体积流量±1%3.924.00
烟囱出口CEMS压力±1%1.842.05
燃料元素含碳量±1%1.841.99
烟囱出口CEMS温度±3 ℃1.381.70
), ArticleFig(id=1213131720799473773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同负荷率段的特征允许误差取值及仿真相对偏差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
特征允许误差启停段仿真相对偏差/%稳燃段仿真相对偏差/%
烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数±15%88.9464.74
烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速±10%17.0520.68
速度场系数±5%8.5310.35
CCO2,MAX±0.2%7.1432.00
烟囱出口CEMS湿度±25%4.155.66
天然气体积流量±1%3.924.00
烟囱出口CEMS压力±1%1.842.05
燃料元素含碳量±1%1.841.99
烟囱出口CEMS温度±3 ℃1.381.70
), ArticleFig(id=1213131720933691509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Simulation extend uncertainty for different monitoring methods

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测方法不确定度/万t相对不确定度/%
启停段稳燃段启停段稳燃段
燃料端0.172.194.334.47
烟气端(O2折算)3.6834.0991.3669.53
烟气端(CO2直测)2.1921.2954.4543.42
), ArticleFig(id=1213131721143406715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1213131704408134073, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同监测方法的仿真扩展不确定度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测方法不确定度/万t相对不确定度/%
启停段稳燃段启停段稳燃段
燃料端0.172.194.334.47
烟气端(O2折算)3.6834.0991.3669.53
烟气端(CO2直测)2.1921.2954.4543.42
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
基于HJ 75—2017标准与核算指南的燃气机组碳排放监测方法仿真对比分析
收藏切换
PDF下载
陈公达 1 , 蔡秀霞 2 , 林海 3 , 卢伟业 4 , 邹祥波 1 , 徐昉 5 , 马双忱 5
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024,53(2): 101-113
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 热能科学研究 2024, 53(2): 101-113
基于HJ 75—2017标准与核算指南的燃气机组碳排放监测方法仿真对比分析
全屏
陈公达1 , 蔡秀霞2, 林海3, 卢伟业4, 邹祥波1, 徐昉5, 马双忱5
作者信息
  • 1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630
  • 2.广东粤华发电有限责任公司,广东 广州 510730
  • 3.湛江海关技术中心,广东 湛江 524022
  • 4.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院,广东 佛山 528300
  • 5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003
  • 陈公达(1990),男,博士,高级工程师,主要研究方向为烟气CCUS技术、碳排放监测技术、烟气污染物控制技术、工业数据挖掘,

Comparative analysis of carbon emission monitoring methods for gas-fired units based on HJ 75—2017 and accounting guidelines
Gongda CHEN1 , Xiuxia CAI2, Hai LIN3, Weiye LU4, Xiangbo ZOU1, Fang XU5, Shuangchen MA5
Affiliations
  • 1.Guangdong Energy Group Science and Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510630, China
  • 2.Guangdong Yuehua Power Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China
  • 3.Zhanjiang Customs Technical Center, Zhanjiang 524022, China
  • 4.Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Shunde Testing Institute, Foshan 528300, China
  • 5.Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
出版时间: 2024-02-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109
文章导航
收藏切换

准确掌握燃气机组碳排放情况是保证碳交易的保障之一。不少燃气机组开始加装在线气相色谱装置,使燃料端实时监测也成为了一种可能,同时对于未加装CO2监测系统或存在设备空间已满的机组,则通过O2体积分数折算进行实时监测是可行路径之一。但不论采用直测还是折算监测方法,在前后端连续监测数据的偏差问题分析上,目前仍然缺乏足够的研究。因此,针对短期内不具备CO2直测能力的机组,以某F级燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组历史数据为仿真对象,基于烟气O2体积分数数据换算和燃料在线气相色谱数据进行连续仿真监测分析。结果发现:不同监测方法的月度数据之间没有一致性的大小排序关系,相对偏差有正也有负,年度数据相互偏差均小于5%;δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h与烟囱出口烟气排放连续监测系统(continuous emission monitoring system,CEMS)O2体积分数相关性最高;该机组的碳排放偏差主要集中在负荷率55%以上的稳燃段;烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数和烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速在满足现有定期检定要求的前提下导致前后端碳排放量偏差的可能性最大;现有技术规范下,前后端均能实现实时监测,可用于趋势分析,但只有燃料端监测方法的仿真相对扩展不确定度小于5%;对于燃气机组,从燃料端进行碳排放监测可能更加合适,而烟气端监测方法可能更适合燃煤机组。

燃气机组  /  碳排放  /  燃料端  /  烟气端  /  仿真

Accurate carbon emissions data of gas units is one of the guarantees to ensure carbon trading. Many gas units recently installed online gas chromatography devices, so that the carbon emission is able to be real-time monitored from fuel part. For units that are not equipped with flue gas CO2 monitoring system or have no enough equipment space, conversion with flue gas O2 concentration is one of the feasible paths to monitor carbon emission from flue gas part. But whether direct measurement or conversion monitoring methods, there is still a lack of sufficient research on the deviation of continuous monitoring data from the fuel part and flue gas part. Therefore, for the gas units without capability to directly monitor flue gas CO2 in the short term, this study takes the historical data of an F-class gas-steam combined cycle unit for the simulation, and conducts continuous simulation monitoring and analysis based on the conversion with flue gas O2 concentration and online gas chromatography. It is found that there is no stable sorting rule of the monthly data and the relative deviation between different calculation methods. All the relative deviation of annual data is less than 5%. The correlation between δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h and the O2 concentration of CEMS is the highest. The deviation of carbon emission amount in the unit is mainly in the stable combustion section with a load ratio of more than 55%. In accordance with current standards or specifications, the O2 concentration of CEMS and the wet flue gas flow rate at the chimney outlet is most likely to cause the deviation of carbon emission amount from the fuel part and flue gas part. Under the existing technical specifications, the carbon emission from fuel part and flue gas part can be monitored in real time, which can be used for analysis on trend, but only the uncertainty of result from fuel part is below 5%. For gas units, the carbon emission monitored at fuel part is more appropriate, and the method monitoring the flue gas part may be more suitable for coal-fired units.

gas-fired units  /  carbon emissions  /  fuel source  /  flue gas source  /  simulation
陈公达, 蔡秀霞, 林海, 卢伟业, 邹祥波, 徐昉, 马双忱. 基于HJ 75—2017标准与核算指南的燃气机组碳排放监测方法仿真对比分析. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (2) : 101 -113 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109
Gongda CHEN, Xiuxia CAI, Hai LIN, Weiye LU, Xiangbo ZOU, Fang XU, Shuangchen MA. Comparative analysis of carbon emission monitoring methods for gas-fired units based on HJ 75—2017 and accounting guidelines[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (2) : 101 -113 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109
根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的世界电源平均碳排放强度的报告,2021年我国天然气发电达到272.6亿W·h[1-2],燃气机组碳排放强度为469 g/(kW·h),尽管大幅优于燃煤机组,但依旧是火电碳排放的重要组成部分。而且随着我国逐步建立起碳交易市场、完善碳税政策,准确掌握燃气机组碳排放情况是保证碳交易的保障之一[3-5]
当前我国火电行业碳排放量统计所执行的官方文件为《企业温室气体排放核算方法与报告指南 发电设施》(简称指南)。指南依靠相关燃料检测报告与生产统计信息进行核算,最小数据频率为日,在全流程严格按规范操作的前提下数据比较真实可靠,但相较国际碳市场接轨要求仍有差距[6]。基于该燃料端统计方法,相关学者对碳排放量计算模型开展了若干研究,既有关于预测统计排放量的,也分析碳排放强度的,但由于时效性较差,只能用来对外完成碳核查与履约任务,对内难以提供更多的优化指导[7-10]。不过近几年,不少燃气机组开始加装在线气相色谱装置,可获得实时燃气元素含碳量,使燃料端实时监测也成为了一种可能。
另一种近年来逐渐受到重视的碳排放量统计方法是烟气端的连续监测法,其在技术原理上与传统测点监控类似,主要依托气体浓度数据与标准状态下的干排气流量进行计算,具有较好的时效性。目前国内可参考《火电厂烟气二氧化碳排放连续监测技术规范》(DL/T 2376—2021)与《固定污染源烟气(SO2、NOx、颗粒物)排放连续监测技术规范》(HJ 75—2017),对CO2体积分数数据进行直接监测或O2体积分数折算监测[11-13]。该方法时效性较好,挖掘数据后可对内用于支持分析机组实时能效情况,但绝大部分已建成燃气机组目前并未加装CO2监测系统,而且不少机组存在设备空间已满难以新加模块或稀释法采样后难改系统的情况。针对这部分情况,通过O2体积分数折算监测来分析机组碳排放情况是可行路径之一。但不论采用直测还是折算监测方法,在烟气连续监测数据的偏差问题分析上,目前仍然缺乏足够的研究,数据仍未得到认可[14-18]
因此,针对短期内不适合加装CO2分析模块的已建成燃气机组,本研究以某F级燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组历史数据为仿真对象,参考HJ 75—2017等规范或指南,基于烟气O2体积分数数据换算和燃料在线气相色谱数据进行连续仿真监测分析,探究燃料端与烟气端不同监测方法的数据偏差情况及其差异原因,分析利用现有烟气O2体积分数仪表和在线气相色谱仪表进行连续碳监测的适用性。
类似于烟气排放连续监测系统(continuous emission monitoring system,CEMS)污染物排放量计算,基于CO2体积分数监测数据可得到燃气机组的碳排放速率、排放量,方法见式(1)、式(2):
Rfluegas=Cco2×VN×4422.4×105
Efluegas=i=1nRfluegas
式中:n可根据数据颗粒度(-h表示小时、-m表示月、-y表示年)进行调整,本研究使用机组历史记录的小时均值数据;Rfluegas为基于烟气O2体积分数监测计算的机组碳排放(以CO2计,下同)速率,t/h,如Rfluegas-h表示该变量的小时数据;Efluegas为基于烟气O2体积分数监测计算的机组碳排放量,t;Cco2为烟气中CO2体积分数,%;VN为烟气流量(换算为标准状态下的干排气流量,下同),m3/h,计算方法见式(3)、式(4)。
VN=QS×273273+T×Ba+pS101 325×(1XSW)
QS=3 600×F×KV×VP¯
式中:Qs为实际工况下的湿烟气流量,m3/h;T为烟气温度,℃;Ba为烟气静压力,Pa;ps为大气压力,本研究取值为0.1 MPa;XSW为烟气含湿量,%,本研究为烟囱出口CEMS湿度;F为测定断面的面积,m2VP¯为烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速,m/s;KV为速度场系数,本研究参比法测定值为1.24。
对于CEMS没有加装CO2仪表的燃气机组,基于O2体积分数计算CO2体积分数的方法参考HJ 75—2017[19],见式(5):
CCO2=CCO2,MAX×(1CO2CO2,base)
式中:CCO2,MAX为燃料燃烧产生的最大CO2体积分数,%,HJ 75—2017中湿性天然气取值为10.6%,干性天然气取值为11.5%;CO2为烟气中O2体积分数,%;CO2,base为基准O2体积分数,%,HJ 75—2017中取值为20.9%。
干性天然气是含甲烷90%以上的天然气,而湿性天然气除主要含甲烷外,还有较多的乙烷、丙烷、丁烷等气体[19]。本研究中作为干湿性划分依据的数据主要来源于机组自设的在线燃料检测装置(15 min自动采样检测1次,用来指导燃机控制),其全年在线检测数据中甲烷比例(CCH4)范围约为82%~97%,并不全是干性或者湿性,需要根据数据选取计算时的CCO2,MAX取值。因此,本研究中当使用在线燃料检测的CCH4数据计算月度排放量时,基于烟气O2体积分数监测计算的机组碳排放量为Efluegas-m,以此类推。
对于该燃气发电机组,基于指南的燃料燃烧碳排放速率计算方法见式(6):
Rfuel=FFC×Car×OF×4412
式中:Rfuel为基于指南计算的机组碳排放速率,t/h,如Rfuel-h表示该变量的小时数据;FFC为单位时间天然气消耗量,104 m3/h,本研究中使用管道监测流量数据Car为天然气收到基元素含碳量,t/(×104 m3);OF为天然气的碳氧化率,缺省值取99%。
基于核算指南计算的机组碳排放量Efuel参考式(2)得到。
该机组收到基元素碳含量采用在线气相色谱分析数据时,按式(7)计算:
Car=1 000×12×1n(Ni×Ci)/22.4
式中:Ni为第i种碳氢化合物的碳原子数;Ci为第i种碳氢化合物的单位体积分数,%,采用色谱分析结果,但目前国内核查工作仅认可第三方检测报告,因此本研究数据仅能用于仿真研究。将使用在线色谱数据的月排放量设为Efuel-m,以此类推。
该机组收到基元素碳含量采用指南缺省值时,按式(8)计算:
Car=NNCV,ar×CC
式中:CC为天然气的单位热值含碳量,t/GJ,采用指南缺省值0.015 32 t/GJ;NNCV,ar为天然气的收到基低位发热量,GJ/(×104 m3),采用指南缺省值为389.31 GJ/(×104 m3);使用指南缺省值的月排放量设为Edefault-m,以此类推。
本研究以该企业现行核算方法所得到数据为基准真值,考虑到不同时间长度平均值差异大,难以用相对标准偏差来评价,因此采用均方根误差(root mean squared error,RMSE)来评价不同碳排放计算方法相对现行核算方法所得小时数据的整体偏离程度[20],见式(9),按相对偏差(relative deviation,RD)可评价单个小时数据的整体偏差,见式(10)。
δRMSE=i=1n(XiXbase)2/n
δRD=XXbaseXbase×100%
式中:δRD表示RD值;X为某一碳排放数据指标,可根据需求代入不同类别与时间颗粒度的数据;XXbase项为X相对另一计算数据Xbase的绝对偏差(absolute deviation,AD);δRMSE表示RMSE值,单位均跟随类别X变化;δRD,E表示排放量的相对偏差,δRD,R表示排放速率的相对偏差,类似情况以此类推,比如Rfluegas-hRfuel-h的相对偏差可表示为δRD,R,fluegas-fuel-h
为了探寻计算过程的特征因素与碳排放相对偏差之间是否存在明显整体关联,本研究采用Pearson相关系数(式(11))评价二者在整体数据分布上的线性相关性[21],均为无量纲:
r=i=1n(δADiδAD¯)(OiO¯)i=1n(δADiδAD¯)2i=1n(OiO¯)2
式中:δAD¯为前述绝对偏差数据平均值;Oi为相同时间的某项机组运行数据;O¯为该项机组运行参数数据的平均值。
除了整体分析外,还可利用偏导计算分析δRD,R,fluegas-fuel-h对各特征变化的灵敏度,以探究哪些测点的数据变化更容易导致δRD,R,fluegas-fuel-h的变化。按时序排列数据后,分别对各特征(xpar指代Car等特征变量,xpar,i指代Car等特征变量的某一时刻数据)数值求偏导(式(12))。该数值分布可以用以评价δRD,R,fluegas-fuel-h对各特征变化的敏感程度,从而分析哪些特征应重点关注。
δPDpar=fxpar=δRD,iδRD,i1xpar,ixpar,i1
参照《天然气计量系统技术要求》(GB/T 18603—2014)中天然气流量测量仪表准确度的技术要求,可按准确度(又称最大允许误差,maximum permissible errors,MPE)来进行规定。其定义为:测量仪表读数与被测量的真值之间允许误差的极值。在线仪表的技术要求可用式(13)表示:
|β+U×t+U2+(UD×t)2|<δMPE
式中:δMPE表示MPE值,单位为%或者取绝对值;β为系统误差,指同一被测量无数个重复测量结果的平均值减去该被测量的真值,可通过校准来近似取值;U为不确定度,其与测量结果有关,表征了可能受被测量适当影响的测量结果值的离散程度,分为A类不确定度和B类不确定度,代表了测量过程中出现的随机变化造成的影响与计量仪表在其新的条件下的性能;UD为单位时间使用后漂移造成的不确定度,可经过型式试验或者重复校准的数据;t为使用时长。
尽管有漂移的影响,由于该机组各仪表均定期通过检定,且不同程度优于规范要求,可以假设定期校准周期内所有仪表的误差均处于δMPE范围内,因此,本研究可基于相关技术规范或标准中准确度或最大允许误差要求进行极限情况仿真计算,分析现有技术标准下各特征的极限情况误差影响。计算方法为将某一特征变量的小时数据按δMPE进行放大与缩小,其他变量不处理;重新按式(1)—式(8)进行计算,即得到δMPE对应的碳排放量仿真上下限;上下限之间的范围即为碳排放量数据真值可能所在范围,可用于仿真分析误差带来的碳排放量偏差影响。
δMPE取值可参考《环境保护产品认证实施规则固定污染源废气非甲烷总烃连续监测系统》(CCAEPI-RG-Y-053—2019)和HJ 75—2017,其中对CO2KVVp¯TXSW的准确度、相对准确度均作出了要求;《天然气计量系统技术要求》(GB/T 18603—2014)对FC的准确度作出了要求;《天然气的组成分析 气相色谱法》(GB/T 13610—2020)对Ci作出了再现性要求,但未对整体结果Car作出要求,本研究中可视为与第三方计量器具的参比误差准确度,假设为1%;Ba参考现场压力仪表为1.0精度等级要求[22-24]。考虑美国要求随数据出具相对准确性测试审计报告(relative accuracy test audit,RATA)、欧盟要求随数据评估年度总体不确定度水平(overall uncertainty threshold for the annual level),欧美均对数据准确性有总体性要求[25-29]
不同监测方法得到的碳排放量结果如图1所示。
图1可见,不同月度碳排放量整体相差较大,春夏季最高超过7.7万t/月,秋冬季最低仅为1.2万余t/月,这与当月机组发电量有关,夏季负荷任务大而冬季负荷任务小。
计算后的每月碳排放量绝对偏差如图2所示。由图2可以看出,Efluegas-mEfuel-m大多高于Edefault-mEfluegas-m大多高于Efuel-m。其中9月Efluegas-m相对Edefault-m偏大最多,达4 015 t,而5月Efluegas-m相对Efuel-m偏小幅度最明显,达–1 872 t。三者月度数据之间没有一致性的大小排序关系。以上均说明监测方法不同对碳排放量数据有一定影响且影响因素较为复杂。
图3为月度年度碳排放速率。由图3可见,对于每月碳排放速率,不同监测方法的每月数据呈现一定的季节规律,整体处于80~125 t/h,夏季稍高,冬季稍低,这可能也是由于夏季调峰多启停次数多所致。不同监测方法中,年碳排放速率最大的是Rfluegas-y,约为110.38 t/h;最小的是Rdefault-y,约为106.97 t/h,这说明监测方法对碳排放速率有影响。但对比月度碳排放量与排放速率仅能看出整体的季节性规律,难以分辨监测方法本身的影响原因。
为了更清楚地横向对比分析偏差情况,对3种监测方法间的碳排放量相对偏差进行了计算,结果如图4所示。由图4可见,不同比对组的月数据分布分化明显。δRD,R,fuel-default-m均整体偏大,范围为0.33%~ 2.76%。从计算原理上,Rdefault-mRfuel-m的主要差异在于Car的取值不同,因此可反向推测是在线气相色谱测得的燃料元素碳含量整体高于指南缺省数据所致,是单一因素影响。相对而言,δRD,R,fluegas-default-mδRD,R,fluegas-m有正也有负,相对偏差分别为−1.70%~ 5.98%和−3.80%~5.67%,可以推测基于烟气端数据计算和基于燃料端数据计算2种方法间并非单一因素造成,应是分情况的多因素综合所致。
计算年度数据后发现,δRD,R,fluegas-default-y最大,为3.19%,δRD,R,fluegas-default-m最小,为1.30%。仅从数值上看,三者相互偏差均小于5%,处于一般置信度可接受范围,但目前国内碳核查工作尚不接受Efluegas-yEfuel-y这2种基于厂内实测物质含量的监测方法,源于数据质量控制方面的相关标准仍未完备。
为了探究更精细的偏差情况,本研究进而考察小时碳排放速率偏差情况,3种对比组关于负荷率的相对偏差数据分布情况如图5所示,反应速率整体偏离程度的RMSE见表1。从图5可见,不同负荷率时,δRD,R,fluegas-default-hδRD,R,fluegas-flue-h分布呈现出中高负荷时为正、低负荷时为负的规律,这个分布规律是月度、年度数据对比难以发现的,这说明在计算Rfluegas-h过程中可能存在某些与负荷率有关的特征因素,导致了不同负荷偏差特点不同。从表1则可知,3种对比组呈现同样规律,都是小时δRMSE>月度δRMSE>年绝对偏差。这说明小时监测数据的偏差分布非常离散,若想挖掘燃料端与烟气端计算数据的偏差规律应从小时数据入手。
δRD,R,fuel-default-h和数据分布总体都处于一个较为稳定正向偏移状态,这印证了该偏差情况是单一因素Car的取值不同所致。考虑到指南的缺省值是在核查工作中发现企业某数据不合要求时所采用的数值,符合全国整体规律,但不一定能真实反映具体每个企业的情况,因此从利于国家和企业自身准确评价碳排放的角度出发,还是应尽量减少缺省值的使用,后续讨论重点关注前后端的在线实测数据偏差分析。
δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h计算过程所关联的特征变量Pearson相关系数计算结果及分布规律如图6所示。由图6可见,其中烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数相关性最高,基本呈现负线性,说明O2体积分数(或者CO2体积分数)测量的准确性直接决定δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h。烟囱出口CEMS湿度、烟囱出口CEMS温度相关性很低,数据分布上未发现明显规律。
烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速、天然气体积流量、烟囱出口CEMS静压力相关性较高(大于0.5),与δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h的数据分布呈现分段特点,分为线性段和平台段。烟气流速高、天然气流量大、烟气静压力低的时候,δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h都较为稳定,并不随着变量变化而明显变化,这些恰好也是机组稳燃中高负荷运行的特点,说明机组稳燃段时烟气端监测数据可能存在系统性误差因素。相对而言,烟气流速低、天然气流量小、烟气静压力高的时候,δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h均是负分布,说明这些测点在此种情况或者测量范围下,可能出现了某种性能变化,从而导致前后端碳排放速率计算偏差变大。
图6CCO2,MAX取值由于只有2种常数,难以深入讨论,但根据其定义可知其与碳氧化率有关。从分布而言,由于甲烷含量范围连续,且每个地区和企业燃烧情况不尽一致,CCO2,MAX取值也应为连续数据,只是这方面目前暂无进一步研究支撑。
由于该机组主要稳燃于55%以上负荷率段,本研究对Efluegas-yEfuel-y也分别进行了分段划分,结果如图7所示。由图7可见,该机组的碳排放主要集中在负荷率55%以上的稳燃段,同时,Efluegas-yEfuel-y主要的正偏差也出现在该段。
按5%负荷率分段梯度计算了各特征关于δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h的偏导数,结果如图8所示。为了便于横向比较,特征数据均按0~100进行了归一化。
图8可以看出,各特征的偏导数在55%负荷率以上稳燃段时普遍分布于0线附近,而在55%负荷率以下启停段则偏离0线,正负分布都有。按55%负荷率分段计算的偏导数中位位于图8内。
具体来说,大部分特征的偏导数及其中位值在稳燃段都极接近于0,说明δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h的变化与这些特征的变化在稳燃段没有显著的正向或反向数学关系,即各特征正常变化带来的δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h变化期望基本近似为0,进而可推测稳燃段Efluegas-yEfuel-y的正偏差可能受到了某些仪表系统性偏差导致,即某一范围测定数值出现整体偏移但精度和离散分布基本不变。这极有可能发生在稳燃段数据接近满量程的仪表上。图9为不同负荷率的特征数据分布(标识线为55%负荷率)。
根据图9,满足该接近满量程条件的优先考虑特征为烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速、烟囱出口CEMS湿度、天然气体积流量,但也不能完全排除其他特征存在整体性偏差的可能。
在启停段,烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速、烟囱出口CEMS湿度、烟囱出口CEMS温度、CCO2,MAX的偏导数分布基本为正,大部分大于1,即这些特征数值变化时,导致δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h正向变化的可能性相对较大。而烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数、烟囱出口CEMS静压力、燃料元素含碳量的偏导数基本为负,即这些特征数值变化时,导致δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h负向变化的可能性相对较大。考虑到启停段Efluegas-yEfuel-y为负偏差,可推测δRD,R,fluegas-flue-h大概率受到了烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数、烟囱出口CEMS静压力、燃料元素含碳量仪表的影响,这些仪表在低负荷段测定数据时,某些测量范围的数据分布发生了某种程度扩散,即精度和准确度下降,这符合越不满量程仪表精度和准确度越低的一般规律。根据图9,满足该不满量程条件的优先考虑特征也是烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速、烟囱出口CEMS湿度、天然气体积流量。
由于物质守恒,燃料端与烟气端统计的碳排放量应基本一致。可以假设存在某唯一真值,该真值最有可能处于前后端数据的误差范围内,因而可以根据各特征满足现有检定要求时的误差仿真上下限范围重叠情况分析评判最有可能导致前后端数据偏差的特征因素。为了考察仪表误差带来的影响,本研究可基于相关技术规范或标准中准确度或最大允许误差要求进行碳排放量仿真计算,如图10图11所示。由于计算中,速度场系数取值为常数,但是实际上速度场系数为参比法测定,也存在误差,因此本节分析中仿真增加了速度场系数特征,按精密度数值进行误差计算。CCO2,MAX也是经验性取值,也存在不同地域或燃料源导致取值差异大的可能性,但该系数在现有标准中并无允许误差相关的要求,因此仅进行最大最小取值的仿真计算。将各特征误差碳排放量仿真上下限范围量化为仿真相对偏差(与Efuely相比)后,可以较为清晰地比较现有技术要求下各特征碳排放量最终计算结果的可能最大偏差情况,结果见表2。从图10图11可明显看出,不论在启停段还是稳燃段,烟气端特征中烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数、烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速、速度场系数和CCO2,MAX的误差仿真上下限范围最大。在启停段,仅有烟气端特征中烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数的误差仿真上下限范围与燃料端特征的误差仿真偏差范围重叠,次之是烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速最为接近。在稳燃段,烟气端特征中烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数、烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速、速度场系数、CCO2,MAX、烟囱出口CEMS湿度的误差仿真偏差范围均与燃料端特征的误差仿真偏差范围重叠。
由此可以推论,假设特征之间相互独立,在不叠加误差和定期校准的情况下,烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数和烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速在满足现有定期检定要求的前提下导致前后端碳排放数据偏差的可能性最大。
进一步地,假设表2中仿真相对偏差为各特征结果的B类极限扩展相对不确定度,将其按合成不确定度计算方法(各数据平方和的平方根)进行合成,并假设Efluegas-yEfuel-y的分工况平均值为此处仿真计算的碳排放量稳定测量值,可得到关于有限特征的碳排放量B类仿真扩展不确定度,见表3。其中烟气端(CO2直测)项为参考《火电厂烟气二氧化碳排放连续监测技术规范》(DL/T 2376—2021)的准确度要求,替换O2体积分数特征为CO2体积分数特征(参比准确度要求为5%)并忽略CCO2,MAX特征进行简化仿真计算[30]。从表3可看出,由于降低了体积分数允许误差并减少了计算特征,采用CO2直测的仿真结果大幅优于O2体积分数折算。但对于燃气机组,烟气端不管是O2体积分数折算还是CO2体积分数直测,其仿真计算的碳排放量B类扩展不确定度均远大于燃料端,根源在于烟气端流量相关特征合成后的不确定过大,且目前尚无烟气流量最终结果的质量要求,而燃气流量对最终计量结果有明确质量要求,燃气流量数据需要与上游管网贸易结算数据对照,具有极强的实时可比性。如若参考欧盟02018R2066决议Article 22条,对碳排放量50万t以上的C类企业温室气体排放数据不确定度阈值限制为不大于2.5%(2倍扩展为5%),则只有燃料端监测方法的仿真相对扩展不确定度可能满足该2倍扩展阈值。
若希望从烟气端监测方法实现,同时结合2.3节与2.4节分结论,则需要优先更换精度等级更高的体积分数监测系统(如采用直抽式采样、激光测量技术等)与流速测量系统(如矩阵流速测量系统等),同时在湿度测量仪表与速度场系数测定方法上也需要进一步优化。因此,烟气端监测方法可能更适合难以实时监测燃料FCCar的燃煤机组。不过此节仅为有限的仿真计算,在有条件的情况下,后续有条件应进行系统性不确定度评价对比研究。
1)Efluegas-mEfuel-m大多高于Edefault-mEfluegas-m大多高于Efuel-m,其中9月Efluegas-m相对Edefault-m偏大最多,达4 015 t,而5月Efluegas-m相对Efuel-m偏小幅度最明显,达−1 872 t,三者月度数据之间没有一致性的大小排序关系。
2)δRD,R,fluegas-default-mδRD,R,fluegas-m有正也有负,相对偏差范围分别为–1.70%~5.98%和–3.80%~ 5.67%。计算年度数据后发现,3种监测方法仅从结果数值上看,三者相互偏差均小于5%。
3)δRD,R,fluegas-h计算过程所关联的特征变量Pearson相关系数中烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数相关性最高,基本呈现负线性,而烟囱出口CEMS湿度、烟囱出口CEMS温度相关性很低。
4)该机组的碳排放主要集中在负荷率55%以上的稳燃段,同时,Efluegas-yEfuel-y主要的正偏差也出现在该段。大部分特征的偏导数及其中位值在稳燃段都极接近于0,可推测稳燃段Efluegas-yEfuel-y的正偏差可能受到了某些仪表系统性偏差导致;在启停段,大部分特征出现显著正向或负向分布,推测某些仪表在低负荷段测定数据时,某些测量范围的数据分布发生了某种程度扩散。
5)假设特征之间相互独立,在不叠加误差和定期校准的情况下,烟囱出口CEMS O2体积分数和烟囱出口CEMS湿烟气流速在满足现有定期检定要求的前提下导致前后端碳排放数据偏差的可能性最大。3种方法均可实现实时监测,可用于趋势分析,但只有燃料端监测方法的仿真相对扩展不确定度可能满足该2倍扩展阈值,烟气端监测方法可能更适合难以实时监测燃料FCCar的燃煤机组。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0601001)
  • 广东省能源集团有限公司科技项目(GEG/AJS-22-002)
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
BP P.L.C. 世界能源统计年鉴2020[EB/OL]. (2021-01-11) [2022-05-02]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.shtml.
BP P.L.C. World energy statistics yearbook 2020[EB/OL]. (2021-01-11) [2022-05-02]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2020-full-report.shtml.
[2]
BP P.L.C. 世界能源统计年鉴2022[EB/OL]. (2022-01-07) [2022-12-18]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.shtml.
BP P.L.C. World energy stistics yearbook 2022[EB/OL]. (2022-01-07) [2022-12-18]. https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2022-full-report.shtml.
[3]
朱法华, 徐静馨, 潘超. 电力行业减污降碳发展状况及目标展望[J]. 环境保护, 2022, 50(10): 15-20.
ZHU Fahua, XU Jingxin, PAN Chao. Development situation and target prospect on the reduction of pollutant and carbon emissions in power industry[J]. Environmental Protection, 2022, 50(10): 15-20.
[4]
程耀华, 张宁, 康重庆, 等. 低碳多能源系统的研究 框架及展望[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37(14): 4060-4069.
CHENG Yaohua, ZHANG Ning, KANG Chongqing, et al. Research framework and prospects of low-carbon multiple energy systems[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2017, 37(14): 4060-4069.
[5]
李子翠. 发电企业碳排放权交易模型研究[D]. 北京:华北电力大学, 2021: 1.
LI Zicui. Research on carbon emission trading model of power generation enterprises[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2021: 1.
[6]
中华人民共和国生态环境部. 企业温室气体排放核算与报告指南 发电设施[Z/OL]. (2022-12-22) [2023-04-02]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202212/W020221221671986519778.shtml.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Guidelines for accounting and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions by enterprises power generation facilities[Z/OL]. (2022-12-22) [2023-04-02]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/xxgk2018/xxgk/xxgk06/202212/W020221221671986519778.shtml.
[7]
包雪珂. 基于SD的中国火电碳排放预测与控制研究[D]. 衡阳: 南华大学, 2021: 1.
BAO Xueke. SD-based research on carbon emission prediction and control of thermal power in China[D]. Hengyang: University of South China, 2021: 1.
[8]
弓林娟. 面向灵活性运行的火电机组建模及其预测控制研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2022: 1.
GONG Linjuan. Research on modeling of thermal power units and their predictive control for flexible operation[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2022: 1.
[9]
王雅娴. 中国火电行业碳排放和总碳强度减排问题研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2020: 1.
WANG Yaxian. Research on carbon emission and total carbon intensity reduction in China’s thermal power industry[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2020: 1.
[10]
宣琳. 火电行业碳排放强度的时空格局及影响因素研究[D]. 上海: 上海交通大学, 2020: 1.
XUAN Lin. Study on the spatial and temporal patterns and influencing factors of carbon emission intensity in thermal power industry[D]. Shanghai: Shanghai Jiao tong University, 2020: 1.
[11]
吴昊, 任鑫, 朱俊杰. 发电行业二氧化碳排放监测技术现状与综述[J]. 热力发电, 2023, 52(7): 1-13.
WU Hao, REN Xin, ZHU Junjie. Current situation and review of carbon dioxide emission monitoring technology in power generation industry[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2023, 52(7): 1-13.
[12]
陈公达, 邹祥波, 卢锐, 等. 中外火电企业碳排放统计方法与质量控制现状分析[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(10): 54-60.
CHEN Gongda, ZHOU Xiangbo, LU Rui, et al. Analysis of carbon emission statistics methods and quality control status of thermal power companies in China and abroad[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(10): 54-60.
[13]
刘科, 杨兴森, 王太, 等. 基于实时监测的燃煤机组碳排放特性研究[J]. 热力发电, 2022, 51(10): 47-53.
LIU Ke, YANG Xingsen, WANG Tai, et al. Study on carbon emission characteristics of coal-fired units based on real-time monitoring[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2022, 51(10): 47-53.
[14]
周春蕾, 王明, 李梦, 等. 美国火电机组碳排放连续监测机制研究[J]. 价格理论与实践, 2018(11): 54-57.
ZHOU Chunlei, WANG Ming, LI Meng, et al. A study on continuous monitoring mechanism of carbon emissions from thermal power units in the United States[J]. Price Theory and Practice, 2018(11): 54-57.
[15]
郭振, 王小龙, 任健, 等. 二氧化碳排放连续在线监测过程的模拟与不确定度评定[J]. 计量学报, 2022, 43(1): 120-126.
GUO Zhen, WANG Xiaolong, REN Jian, et al. Simulation and uncertainty assessment of continuous online monitoring process of carbon dioxide emission[J]. Journal of Metrology, 2022, 43(1): 120-126.
[16]
刘昱良, 李姚旺, 周春雷, 等. 电力系统碳排放计量与分析方法综述[J/OL]. 中国电机工程学报: 1-16. (2023-06-27)[2023-08-08]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.Pcsee.223452.
LIU Yuliang, LI Yaowang, ZHOU Chunlei, et al. Overview of carbon measurement and analysis methods in power systems[J/OL]. Proceedings of the CSEE: 1-16. (2023-06-27)[2023-08-08]. https://doi.org/10.13334/j.0258-8013.Pcsee.223452.
[17]
刘英. 燃煤电厂二氧化碳排放浓度在线监测技术[J]. 能源与环保, 2022, 44(12): 159-163.
LIU Ying. Online monitoring technology for carbon dioxide emission concentration of coal-fired power plants[J]. Energy and Environmental Protection, 2022, 44(12): 159-163.
[18]
张钦, 张达, 张希良. 在线监测应用于中国碳排放监测的相关问题和制度建议[J]. 环境经济研究, 2021, 6(3): 136-146.
ZHANG Qin, ZHANG Da, ZHANG Xiliang. Issues related to online monitoring applied to carbon emission monitoring in China and institutional suggestions[J]. Environmental Economics Research, 2021, 6(3): 136-146.
[19]
城镇燃气分类和基本特性: GB/T 13611—2018[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2018: 1.
Urban gas classification and basic characteristics: GB/T 13611—2018[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2018: 1.
[20]
中华人民共和国生态环境部. 固定污染源烟气(SO2、NOx、颗粒物)排放连续监测技术规范[Z/OL]. (2018-03-01) [2023-03-17]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/201801/W020180322535566350157.shtml.
Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China. Technical specifications for continuous monitoring of flue gas (SO2, NOx, particulate matter) emissions from stationary sources[Z/OL]. (2018-03-01) [2023-03-17]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/jcffbz/201801/W020180322535566350157.shtml.
[21]
刘闯. 燃气—蒸汽联合循环机组性能分析平台开发研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2017: 1.
LIU Chuang. Research and development on gas-steam combined cycle unit’s performance analysis platform[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017: 1.
[22]
天然气的组成分析 气相色谱法: GB/T 13610—2020 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020: 1.
Composition analysis of natural gas gas chromatography: GB/T 13610—2020[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020: 1.
[23]
天然气计量系统技术要求: GB/T 18603—2014[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020: 1.
Technical requirements of natural gas metering system: GB/T 18603—2014[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2020: 1.
[24]
环境保护产品认证实施规则 固定污染源废气非甲烷总烃连续监测系统: CCAEPI-RG-Y-053—2019[S]. 北京: 中环协认证中心, 2019: 1.
Environmental protection product certification implementation rules fixed pollution source exhaust gas non-methane total hydrocarbon continuous monitoring system: CCAEPI-RG-Y-053—2019[S]. Beijing: China Environmental Association Certification Center, 2019: 1.
[25]
美国环境保护署. 40 CFR第98部分-强制性温室气体报告[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-98.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR part 98-mandatory greenhouse gas reporting[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-98.
[26]
美国环境保护署. 40 CFR第75部分-连续排放监测[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-75.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR part 75-continuous emission monitoring[EB/OL]. (2023-06-15)[2023-06-20]. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-40/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-75.
[27]
王霂晗. 火电厂碳排放监测体系与核算方法的研究[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2021: 1.
WANG Muhan. Research on carbon emission monitoring system and accounting method of thermal power plant[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, 2021: 1.
[28]
欧洲委员会. 执行规例委员会(欧盟) 2018/2066[EB/OL]. (2022-08-28) [2023-06-20]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2066-20220828.
European Commission. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018/2066[EB/OL]. (2022-08-28) [2023-06-20].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2066-20220828.
[29]
欧洲委员会. 执行规例委员会(欧盟) 2018/2067[EB/OL]. (2021-01-01) [2023-06-20]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2067-20210101.
European Commission. Commission implementing regulation (EU) 2018/2067[EB/OL]. (2021-01-01) [2023-06-20]. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02018R2067-20210101.
[30]
火电厂烟气二氧化碳排放连续监测技术规范: DL/T 2376—2021[S]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2021: 1.
Technical specification for continuous monitoring of flue gas carbon dioxide emissions from thermal power plants: DL/T 2376—2021[S]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2021: 1.
2024年第53卷第2期
PDF下载
108
47
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109
  • 接收时间:2023-06-21
  • 首发时间:2025-12-31
  • 出版时间:2024-02-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-21
基金
National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFF0601001)
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFF0601001)
Science and Technology Project of Guangdong Energy Group Co., Ltd.(GEG/AJS-22-002)
广东省能源集团有限公司科技项目(GEG/AJS-22-002)
作者信息
    1.广东能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司,广东 广州 510630
    2.广东粤华发电有限责任公司,广东 广州 510730
    3.湛江海关技术中心,广东 湛江 524022
    4.广东省特种设备检测研究院顺德检测院,广东 佛山 528300
    5.华北电力大学环境科学与工程系,河北 保定 071003
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202306109
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏