Article(id=1211002410168873557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1210998030828958715, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202305080, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684425600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766655073921, onlineDateStr=2025-12-25, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766655073921, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766655073921, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766655073921, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210998030828958715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='196', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766654029805, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766734793553, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211336778607366994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1210998030828958715, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211336778611561299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1210998030828958715, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=165, endPage=174, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211002410386977378, articleId=1211002410168873557, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Research on the harmfulness of wind turbine failure modes based on improving FMEA, columnId=1211002409397129992, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=Power generation technology forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

FMEA is an effective reliability analysis method for identifying potential failure modes in a system and evaluating their criticality. Conventional FMEA has many shortcomings such as not considering the weights of different risk factors, RPN being very sensitive to changes in risk factors, difficulty in handling expert subjective scoring information, and not considering the propagation and impact relationships between failure modes. Aiming at these shortcomings, an improved FMEA method was proposed by introducing house of reliability, rough set theory and VIKOR method to improve the accuracy and objectivity of risk priority analysis of failure modes. Compared with the conventional FMEA, the improved FMEA can not only effectively deal with the various subjectivities and uncertainties in the risk assessment process but also rank the risk of the identified failure modes with taking into account the effects of failure propagation, which is able to rank the risk priority of failure modes in the case of attribute conflict and various uncertainties. Based on the proposed FMEA, a real-word application of risk priority ranking of the failure modes in wind turbine was carried out and the risk priority order of each failure mode and each subsystem were obtained. According to the ranking results, the weak links and key subsystems of the reliability of wind turbine were identified, and the hazard weight of each failure mode and subsystem was given, which can provide data support for the reliability optimization design of wind turbine.

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故障模式与影响分析(FMEA)是辨识系统潜在故障模式,并评估其危害度的一种有效的可靠性分析方法。传统FMEA在分析过程中存在未考虑不同风险因素的权重、RPN对风险因素的变化敏感、难以处理专家主观评分信息以及未考虑故障模式间的传播影响关系等诸多缺陷。针对上述缺陷,提出了一种改进的FMEA方法。通过引入可靠性屋、粗糙集理论和理想点法来提高对故障模式危害度分析的准确性和客观性。相较于传统的FMEA,所提出的改进FMEA能够有效处理专家评分信息的主观性与不确定性问题,充分考虑了故障模式间的传播影响,能够在属性冲突及各种不确定性的情况下,对故障模式的风险等级进行排序。利用提出的改进FMEA对某型号风电机组的潜在故障模式进行了分析,获得了各故障模式的危害度排序以及各子系统的危害度排序。根据排序结果辨识出风电机组的可靠性薄弱环节和关键子系统,并给出各故障模式和各子系统的危害度权重,可为风电机组的可靠性优化设计提供数据支撑。

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汪臻(1990),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为新能源发电设备可靠性,故障监测与诊断,

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汪臻(1990),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为新能源发电设备可靠性,故障监测与诊断,

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汪臻(1990),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为新能源发电设备可靠性,故障监测与诊断,

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International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 2016, 3(8): 23-30., articleTitle=Fuzzy failure modes and effects analysis by using fuzzy vikor and data envelopment analysis-based fuzzy AHP, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211002427466182885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=67, issue=1, pageStart=230, pageEnd=248, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=32, authorNames=WANG Z, GAO J M, WANG R X, journalName=IEEE Transactions on Reliability, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Z, GAO J M, WANG R X, et al. Failure mode and effects analysis by using the house of reliability-based rough VIKOR approach[J]. IEEE Transactions on Reliability, 2018, 67(1): 230-248., articleTitle=Failure mode and effects analysis by using the house of reliability-based rough VIKOR approach, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1211002422512709675, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, awardId=HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001, language=EN, fundingSource=Huaneng Xinjiang Company Headquarters Management Innovation Service Project(HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211002422613372979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, awardId=HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001, language=CN, fundingSource=中国华能集团有限公司新疆公司本部管理创新服务项目(HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1211002422718230584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, awardId=HNKJ20-H72-02, language=EN, fundingSource=Science and Technology Project of Huaneng 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figureFileSmall=UaAohx2sPGsKtS10EaibYQ==, figureFileBig=0ebklDxZX8fSqwUtucr0bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002419476034466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=图1, caption=基于改进FMEA的分析流程, figureFileSmall=UaAohx2sPGsKtS10EaibYQ==, figureFileBig=0ebklDxZX8fSqwUtucr0bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002419664778160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Evaluation HoR given by expert 1, figureFileSmall=bn/drf1u3zUy6sTlSnRf/A==, figureFileBig=jd6d1FRbHQqVnDlXbOTUKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002419744469944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=图2, caption=专家1给出的故障模式评分HoR, figureFileSmall=bn/drf1u3zUy6sTlSnRf/A==, figureFileBig=jd6d1FRbHQqVnDlXbOTUKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002419819967423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes of severity rough number of failure modes, figureFileSmall=vJDieaDeQ+isDHSbbFIO2w==, figureFileBig=4oEOLkpdcqDLpZ+ZKUCG6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002419912242120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=图3, caption=故障模式的严酷度粗糙数变化情况, figureFileSmall=vJDieaDeQ+isDHSbbFIO2w==, figureFileBig=4oEOLkpdcqDLpZ+ZKUCG6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002419983545295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Changes of occurrence rough number of failure modes, figureFileSmall=1dDndpm74doNgSSWmRtEpQ==, figureFileBig=WCEOz+ApsywEnnqpBs8qvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002420084208597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=图4, caption=故障模式的发生频次粗糙数变化情况, figureFileSmall=1dDndpm74doNgSSWmRtEpQ==, figureFileBig=WCEOz+ApsywEnnqpBs8qvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002420168094683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Criticality analysis of wind turbine subsystem, figureFileSmall=CwXypFOkeR/zUn9dEm9vVw==, figureFileBig=eNQ4R57PtEfPe/0kmdRO2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002420268757985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=图5, caption=风电机组子系统危害度, figureFileSmall=CwXypFOkeR/zUn9dEm9vVw==, figureFileBig=eNQ4R57PtEfPe/0kmdRO2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211002421560603626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Failure modes of wind turbine

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
子系统故障模式名称故障模式编号
叶片系统叶片壳体损伤FM1
叶片连接螺栓失效FM2
叶片防雷系统失效FM3
叶片不平衡故障FM4
变桨系统变桨轴承失效FM5
变桨齿轮箱失效FM6
变桨电机失效FM7
变桨驱动器失效FM8
后备电源与充电器失效FM9
编码器与限位开关失效FM10
控制模块故障FM11
主轴与主轴承主轴损伤FM12
主轴不平衡FM13
主轴不对中FM14
传感器故障FM15
主轴锁故障FM16
主轴轴承失效FM17
主轴与主轴轴承配合不良FM18
主轴轴承温度超标FM19
齿轮箱齿轮箱箱体失效FM20
齿轮传动系统故障FM21
润滑与冷却系统故障FM22
支撑系统故障FM23
传感器故障FM24
联轴器联轴器失效FM25
发电机轴承故障FM26
发电机机械故障FM27
发电机电气故障FM28
润滑与冷却系统故障FM29
传感器故障FM30
变频系统硬件故障FM31
软件故障FM32
变频器载荷故障FM33
传感器故障FM34
主控系统硬件故障FM35
传感器故障FM36
软件故障FM37
机组控制故障FM38
偏航系统偏航轴承故障FM39
偏航齿轮箱故障FM40
偏航电机故障FM41
偏航传感器故障FM42
偏航刹车系统故障FM43
主刹车系统刹车片故障FM44
液压系统液压泵站FM45
油路故障FM46
控制与检测元件故障FM47
滑环滑环故障FM48
风速风向仪风速风向仪故障FM49
塔筒塔筒连接故障FM50
塔筒损坏FM51
机舱罩机舱罩失稳FM52
机舱罩故障FM53
机架机架故障FM54
), ArticleFig(id=1211002421661266927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

风电机组潜在故障模式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
子系统故障模式名称故障模式编号
叶片系统叶片壳体损伤FM1
叶片连接螺栓失效FM2
叶片防雷系统失效FM3
叶片不平衡故障FM4
变桨系统变桨轴承失效FM5
变桨齿轮箱失效FM6
变桨电机失效FM7
变桨驱动器失效FM8
后备电源与充电器失效FM9
编码器与限位开关失效FM10
控制模块故障FM11
主轴与主轴承主轴损伤FM12
主轴不平衡FM13
主轴不对中FM14
传感器故障FM15
主轴锁故障FM16
主轴轴承失效FM17
主轴与主轴轴承配合不良FM18
主轴轴承温度超标FM19
齿轮箱齿轮箱箱体失效FM20
齿轮传动系统故障FM21
润滑与冷却系统故障FM22
支撑系统故障FM23
传感器故障FM24
联轴器联轴器失效FM25
发电机轴承故障FM26
发电机机械故障FM27
发电机电气故障FM28
润滑与冷却系统故障FM29
传感器故障FM30
变频系统硬件故障FM31
软件故障FM32
变频器载荷故障FM33
传感器故障FM34
主控系统硬件故障FM35
传感器故障FM36
软件故障FM37
机组控制故障FM38
偏航系统偏航轴承故障FM39
偏航齿轮箱故障FM40
偏航电机故障FM41
偏航传感器故障FM42
偏航刹车系统故障FM43
主刹车系统刹车片故障FM44
液压系统液压泵站FM45
油路故障FM46
控制与检测元件故障FM47
滑环滑环故障FM48
风速风向仪风速风向仪故障FM49
塔筒塔筒连接故障FM50
塔筒损坏FM51
机舱罩机舱罩失稳FM52
机舱罩故障FM53
机架机架故障FM54
), ArticleFig(id=1211002421812261884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Scoring for risk factor weight

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素专家1专家2专家3专家4
严酷度0.50.40.40.4
发生率0.30.350.40.3
难检度0.20.250.20.3
), ArticleFig(id=1211002421929701381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

风险因素权重评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
风险因素专家1专家2专家3专家4
严酷度0.50.40.40.4
发生率0.30.350.40.3
难检度0.20.250.20.3
), ArticleFig(id=1211002422042947599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Evaluation rough number for failure modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SOD项目SOD
FM1[5.4, 6.7][4.8, 6.3][3.8, 5.6]FM28[5.4, 6.0][5.8, 8.3][3.8, 4.7]
FM2[3.3, 4.6][4.3, 6.7][5.8, 6.7]FM29[3.7, 4.3][3.6, 4.4][3.3, 3.8]
FM3[3.5, 4.6][4.5, 5.5][3.8, 4.7]FM30[3.0, 4.1][3.1, 3.4][3.2, 4.3]
FM4[4.5, 5.3][3.3, 3.8][4.6, 5.4]FM31[5.0, 5.2][5.0, 7.6][4.6, 4.9]
FM5[5.0, 5.9][2.6, 3.4][4.6, 4.9]FM32[2.9, 3.9][3.3, 3.8][3.1, 3.9]
FM6[5.1, 5.9][3.1, 3.9][3.8, 5.3]FM33[3.0, 4.3][3.1, 3.9][3.6, 4.4]
FM7[5.5, 5.8][3.8, 5.6][4.1, 5.4]FM34[2.8, 3.5][2.5, 4.5][3.5, 5.0]
FM8[4.1, 4.2][3.1, 3.9][3.8, 5.3]FM35[4.4, 4.6][4.0, 6.0][4.1, 5.4]
FM9[3.3, 4.2][3.6, 4.4][3.0, 4.5]FM36[2.8, 3.5][2.8, 4.8][3.2, 4.3]
FM10[3.6, 4.4][3.6, 4.9][3.2, 4.3]FM37[3.0, 3.6][2.2, 4.2][3.1, 3.9]
FM11[4.4, 5.4][2.8, 4.9][4.0, 6.0]FM38[3.2, 3.8][2.5, 4.5][3.3, 3.8]
FM12[5.4, 6.8][2.8, 4.8][5.1, 5.4]FM39[4.9, 5.2][2.3, 4.7][4.1, 5.4]
FM13[4.6, 5.6][2.8, 4.3][3.6, 4.4]FM40[5.6, 6.3][2.2, 4.8][4.3, 5.7]
FM14[4.0, 5.2][2.6, 3.9][3.6, 3.9]FM41[4.8, 5.8][4.2, 5.3][4.3, 5.3]
FM15[3.1, 3.6][1.9, 4.3][3.3, 5.3]FM42[3.3, 4.3][3.3, 4.8][3.2, 4.3]
FM16[3.0, 4.1][2.1, 5.9][3.3, 5.8]FM43[3.8, 4.4][4.6, 4.9][3.3, 4.3]
FM17[5.1, 6.0][3.5, 4.5][3.8, 4.7]FM44[3.9, 4.6][4.6, 4.9][3.6, 3.9]
FM18[4.5, 5.3][2.6, 3.9][3.8, 4.7]FM45[3.7, 4.6][4.1, 4.9][3.6, 4.9]
FM19[2.9, 3.6][5.1, 5.4][2.3, 3.8]FM46[3.3, 4.5][3.6, 3.9][3.8, 5.3]
FM20[5.6, 6.8][1.8, 3.3][4.1, 4.9]FM47[3.0, 3.3][3.1, 3.9][3.3, 4.3]
FM21[5.9, 7.1][4.6, 7.8][4.3, 4.8]FM48[3.5, 4.0][3.7, 5.8][3.3, 3.8]
FM22[4.0, 4.8][5.8, 8.3][3.8, 5.3]FM49[2.9, 3.7][4.8, 5.7][2.8, 4.3]
FM23[3.5, 4.0][5.1, 7.2][3.8, 5.3]FM50[3.6, 4.0][2.3, 3.7][3.8, 4.7]
FM24[3.1, 3.6][3.6, 4.9][3.8, 5.3]FM51[4.8, 6.3][1.7, 3.4][3.0, 4.5]
FM25[3.6, 4.5][3.0, 5.0][3.8, 4.7]FM52[3.9, 4.3][2.8, 3.7][3.1, 3.9]
FM26[4.2, 5.1][4.6, 7.8][3.8, 4.7]FM53[4.2, 5.1][2.2, 3.3][2.8, 4.3]
FM27[5.8, 6.4][5.3, 6.7][4.6, 5.4]FM54[5.0, 5.4][2.4, 4.3][3.3, 4.3]
), ArticleFig(id=1211002422185553943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

故障模式评分粗糙数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目SOD项目SOD
FM1[5.4, 6.7][4.8, 6.3][3.8, 5.6]FM28[5.4, 6.0][5.8, 8.3][3.8, 4.7]
FM2[3.3, 4.6][4.3, 6.7][5.8, 6.7]FM29[3.7, 4.3][3.6, 4.4][3.3, 3.8]
FM3[3.5, 4.6][4.5, 5.5][3.8, 4.7]FM30[3.0, 4.1][3.1, 3.4][3.2, 4.3]
FM4[4.5, 5.3][3.3, 3.8][4.6, 5.4]FM31[5.0, 5.2][5.0, 7.6][4.6, 4.9]
FM5[5.0, 5.9][2.6, 3.4][4.6, 4.9]FM32[2.9, 3.9][3.3, 3.8][3.1, 3.9]
FM6[5.1, 5.9][3.1, 3.9][3.8, 5.3]FM33[3.0, 4.3][3.1, 3.9][3.6, 4.4]
FM7[5.5, 5.8][3.8, 5.6][4.1, 5.4]FM34[2.8, 3.5][2.5, 4.5][3.5, 5.0]
FM8[4.1, 4.2][3.1, 3.9][3.8, 5.3]FM35[4.4, 4.6][4.0, 6.0][4.1, 5.4]
FM9[3.3, 4.2][3.6, 4.4][3.0, 4.5]FM36[2.8, 3.5][2.8, 4.8][3.2, 4.3]
FM10[3.6, 4.4][3.6, 4.9][3.2, 4.3]FM37[3.0, 3.6][2.2, 4.2][3.1, 3.9]
FM11[4.4, 5.4][2.8, 4.9][4.0, 6.0]FM38[3.2, 3.8][2.5, 4.5][3.3, 3.8]
FM12[5.4, 6.8][2.8, 4.8][5.1, 5.4]FM39[4.9, 5.2][2.3, 4.7][4.1, 5.4]
FM13[4.6, 5.6][2.8, 4.3][3.6, 4.4]FM40[5.6, 6.3][2.2, 4.8][4.3, 5.7]
FM14[4.0, 5.2][2.6, 3.9][3.6, 3.9]FM41[4.8, 5.8][4.2, 5.3][4.3, 5.3]
FM15[3.1, 3.6][1.9, 4.3][3.3, 5.3]FM42[3.3, 4.3][3.3, 4.8][3.2, 4.3]
FM16[3.0, 4.1][2.1, 5.9][3.3, 5.8]FM43[3.8, 4.4][4.6, 4.9][3.3, 4.3]
FM17[5.1, 6.0][3.5, 4.5][3.8, 4.7]FM44[3.9, 4.6][4.6, 4.9][3.6, 3.9]
FM18[4.5, 5.3][2.6, 3.9][3.8, 4.7]FM45[3.7, 4.6][4.1, 4.9][3.6, 4.9]
FM19[2.9, 3.6][5.1, 5.4][2.3, 3.8]FM46[3.3, 4.5][3.6, 3.9][3.8, 5.3]
FM20[5.6, 6.8][1.8, 3.3][4.1, 4.9]FM47[3.0, 3.3][3.1, 3.9][3.3, 4.3]
FM21[5.9, 7.1][4.6, 7.8][4.3, 4.8]FM48[3.5, 4.0][3.7, 5.8][3.3, 3.8]
FM22[4.0, 4.8][5.8, 8.3][3.8, 5.3]FM49[2.9, 3.7][4.8, 5.7][2.8, 4.3]
FM23[3.5, 4.0][5.1, 7.2][3.8, 5.3]FM50[3.6, 4.0][2.3, 3.7][3.8, 4.7]
FM24[3.1, 3.6][3.6, 4.9][3.8, 5.3]FM51[4.8, 6.3][1.7, 3.4][3.0, 4.5]
FM25[3.6, 4.5][3.0, 5.0][3.8, 4.7]FM52[3.9, 4.3][2.8, 3.7][3.1, 3.9]
FM26[4.2, 5.1][4.6, 7.8][3.8, 4.7]FM53[4.2, 5.1][2.2, 3.3][2.8, 4.3]
FM27[5.8, 6.4][5.3, 6.7][4.6, 5.4]FM54[5.0, 5.4][2.4, 4.3][3.3, 4.3]
), ArticleFig(id=1211002422290411551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Risk analysis results of failure modes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目S指标R指标Q指标项目S指标R指标Q指标
数值排名数值排名数值排名数值排名数值排名数值排名
FM210.4510.18101FM540.88300.38240.5828
FM270.4620.1820.012FM180.86280.39310.5929
FM220.5030.1830.053FM450.88290.40320.6130
FM280.5240.2040.084FM440.92320.40330.6431
FM10.5650.2150.125FM140.94330.39300.6432
FM40.6390.2660.256FM90.96380.39290.6633
FM120.5760.30120.257FM510.90310.42360.6634
FM310.6270.2990.278FM480.95360.42340.6835
FM70.65100.2870.289FM430.94340.42350.6836
FM200.6380.30130.3010FM460.95350.44390.7237
FM410.71140.2980.3311FM531.04430.43380.7638
FM110.72160.30110.3612FM240.95370.48440.7739
FM170.70120.32140.3713FM421.02410.45400.7840
FM50.71150.34160.4014FM521.07460.42370.7841
FM290.83230.29100.4215FM331.00400.47420.7942
FM230.73170.35200.4416FM380.98390.49450.8143
FM20.68110.39280.4517FM301.03420.47430.8144
FM260.76180.34180.4518FM501.07470.46410.8345
FM400.70130.38270.4619FM161.06450.50470.8746
FM350.78200.35190.4720FM491.04440.53520.9047
FM60.77190.36210.4821FM151.11500.50460.9048
FM250.84250.33150.4922FM471.10490.51480.9249
FM100.86270.34170.5123FM341.11510.53510.9550
FM390.79210.38260.5224FM371.15530.51490.9651
FM130.82220.37230.5325FM191.10480.55540.9652
FM80.86260.37220.5526FM321.15540.52500.9653
FM30.84240.38250.5527FM361.13520.54530.9754
), ArticleFig(id=1211002422424629285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002410168873557, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

故障模式风险等级分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目S指标R指标Q指标项目S指标R指标Q指标
数值排名数值排名数值排名数值排名数值排名数值排名
FM210.4510.18101FM540.88300.38240.5828
FM270.4620.1820.012FM180.86280.39310.5929
FM220.5030.1830.053FM450.88290.40320.6130
FM280.5240.2040.084FM440.92320.40330.6431
FM10.5650.2150.125FM140.94330.39300.6432
FM40.6390.2660.256FM90.96380.39290.6633
FM120.5760.30120.257FM510.90310.42360.6634
FM310.6270.2990.278FM480.95360.42340.6835
FM70.65100.2870.289FM430.94340.42350.6836
FM200.6380.30130.3010FM460.95350.44390.7237
FM410.71140.2980.3311FM531.04430.43380.7638
FM110.72160.30110.3612FM240.95370.48440.7739
FM170.70120.32140.3713FM421.02410.45400.7840
FM50.71150.34160.4014FM521.07460.42370.7841
FM290.83230.29100.4215FM331.00400.47420.7942
FM230.73170.35200.4416FM380.98390.49450.8143
FM20.68110.39280.4517FM301.03420.47430.8144
FM260.76180.34180.4518FM501.07470.46410.8345
FM400.70130.38270.4619FM161.06450.50470.8746
FM350.78200.35190.4720FM491.04440.53520.9047
FM60.77190.36210.4821FM151.11500.50460.9048
FM250.84250.33150.4922FM471.10490.51480.9249
FM100.86270.34170.5123FM341.11510.53510.9550
FM390.79210.38260.5224FM371.15530.51490.9651
FM130.82220.37230.5325FM191.10480.55540.9652
FM80.86260.37220.5526FM321.15540.52500.9653
FM30.84240.38250.5527FM361.13520.54530.9754
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基于改进故障模式与影响分析的风电机组故障模式危害度研究
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汪臻 1 , 周建武 2 , 范光辉 2 , 潘强 3 , 王建阳 3 , 顾浩 3
热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2024,53(1): 165-174
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热力发电 | 发电技术论坛 2024, 53(1): 165-174
基于改进故障模式与影响分析的风电机组故障模式危害度研究
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汪臻1 , 周建武2, 范光辉2, 潘强3, 王建阳3, 顾浩3
作者信息
  • 1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
  • 2.华能新疆能源开发有限公司,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 3.华能新疆能源开发有限公司清洁能源分公司,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
  • 汪臻(1990),男,博士,工程师,主要研究方向为新能源发电设备可靠性,故障监测与诊断,

Research on the harmfulness of wind turbine failure modes based on improving FMEA
Zhen WANG1 , Jianwu ZHOU2, Guanghui FAN2, Qiang PAN3, Jianyang WANG3, Hao GU3
Affiliations
  • 1.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710054, China
  • 2.Huaneng Xinjiang Energy Development Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830000, China
  • 3.Huaneng Xinjiang Energy Development Co., Ltd., Clean Energy Branch, Urumqi 830000, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305080
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故障模式与影响分析(FMEA)是辨识系统潜在故障模式,并评估其危害度的一种有效的可靠性分析方法。传统FMEA在分析过程中存在未考虑不同风险因素的权重、RPN对风险因素的变化敏感、难以处理专家主观评分信息以及未考虑故障模式间的传播影响关系等诸多缺陷。针对上述缺陷,提出了一种改进的FMEA方法。通过引入可靠性屋、粗糙集理论和理想点法来提高对故障模式危害度分析的准确性和客观性。相较于传统的FMEA,所提出的改进FMEA能够有效处理专家评分信息的主观性与不确定性问题,充分考虑了故障模式间的传播影响,能够在属性冲突及各种不确定性的情况下,对故障模式的风险等级进行排序。利用提出的改进FMEA对某型号风电机组的潜在故障模式进行了分析,获得了各故障模式的危害度排序以及各子系统的危害度排序。根据排序结果辨识出风电机组的可靠性薄弱环节和关键子系统,并给出各故障模式和各子系统的危害度权重,可为风电机组的可靠性优化设计提供数据支撑。

风电机组  /  故障模式与影响分析  /  可靠性屋  /  粗糙集理论  /  风险点辨识

FMEA is an effective reliability analysis method for identifying potential failure modes in a system and evaluating their criticality. Conventional FMEA has many shortcomings such as not considering the weights of different risk factors, RPN being very sensitive to changes in risk factors, difficulty in handling expert subjective scoring information, and not considering the propagation and impact relationships between failure modes. Aiming at these shortcomings, an improved FMEA method was proposed by introducing house of reliability, rough set theory and VIKOR method to improve the accuracy and objectivity of risk priority analysis of failure modes. Compared with the conventional FMEA, the improved FMEA can not only effectively deal with the various subjectivities and uncertainties in the risk assessment process but also rank the risk of the identified failure modes with taking into account the effects of failure propagation, which is able to rank the risk priority of failure modes in the case of attribute conflict and various uncertainties. Based on the proposed FMEA, a real-word application of risk priority ranking of the failure modes in wind turbine was carried out and the risk priority order of each failure mode and each subsystem were obtained. According to the ranking results, the weak links and key subsystems of the reliability of wind turbine were identified, and the hazard weight of each failure mode and subsystem was given, which can provide data support for the reliability optimization design of wind turbine.

wind turbine  /  failure mode and effects analysis  /  house of reliability  /  rough set theory  /  risk points identification
汪臻, 周建武, 范光辉, 潘强, 王建阳, 顾浩. 基于改进故障模式与影响分析的风电机组故障模式危害度研究. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (1) : 165 -174 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305080
Zhen WANG, Jianwu ZHOU, Guanghui FAN, Qiang PAN, Jianyang WANG, Hao GU. Research on the harmfulness of wind turbine failure modes based on improving FMEA[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (1) : 165 -174 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305080
风电是可再生能源的重要组成部分,“十四五”期间我国风电年均新增装机容量将达5 000万kW以上。随着机组数量与容量的不断增加,机组设备越来越复杂,其可靠性问题变得非常突出[1-3]。风电机组的高故障率极大增加了运维成本,严重影响了风电场的经济效益。研究表明,对于工作寿命20年的风电机组,其运维成本占据全生命周期总费用的25%~30%,特别是海上风电机组,其运维成本至少为陆上风电机组的2倍。高额运维成本增加了风电运营商的经济负担,严重制约了风电场的综合效益。因此,有效辨识风电机组的风险脆弱点和可靠性薄弱环节,发展高质量、高可靠性、易维护的机组设备,对于降低风电机组的运维成本和提高机组运行安全性具有重要意义。
国内外学者从不同层面对风电机组的可靠性问题进行了大量的研究,并取得了一定的研究成果。在风电机组可靠性统计分析方面,有价值的研究成果多为欧洲学者提出,其中以英国杜伦大学Tavner P J团队为典型代表[4]。此外,欧美等国家有大量的研究机构从事风电机组可靠性数据的收集工作[5-8],如Windstats等定期收集德国、瑞典、丹麦等部分欧洲国家的风电机组可靠性数据。我国风电产业对机组设备的可靠性数据重视程度不够,没有形成科学、具有长效机制的数据收集手段,缺乏专业的研究机构对风电机组的可靠性数据进行深入的统计、剖析和应用。虽然国家电力监管委员会在2011年发布了《风电安全监管报告》,统计了2010年和2011年我国12个风电企业的机组运行和可靠性情况,但该报告只能用于定性分析风电设备的薄弱环节,缺少深层次的故障统计分析,而且后续相关的跟进研究较少。
在故障统计分析方法方面,以故障模式与影响分析(failure mode and effects analysis,FMEA)为代表的传统可靠性分析方法自身存在缺陷,如FMEA中语义表达的模糊性与不确定性、专家评价信息的多样性和风险优先数的计算缺陷等问题。国内外学者对此进行了大量的研究,如为解决模糊性和不确定性问题,Bowles等人[9]首次将模糊集理论引入FMEA,提出了一种基于模糊逻辑决策的FMEA,Huang等人[10]提出了一种基于直觉模糊方法的FMEA模型;为解决专家评价信息多样性问题,Wu等人[11]提出了基于模糊证据推理的FMEA,Tang等人[12]提出了基于D-S证据理论的FMEA,Liu等人[13]提出了基于D数的FMEA;为解决风险优先数的计算缺陷问题,有学者将故障模式的风险排序问题作为多属性决策问题[14],将灰色理论[15-17]、模糊层次分析法[18-20],TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)方法[21-22]以及VIKOR(vise kriterijumski optimizacioni racun)方法[23-25]用于FMEA实施过程。但上述研究大多是基于故障相互独立的假设,无法适用于具有故障相关性的复杂系统的可靠性分析,难以对诸如风电机组等复杂系统的故障关联关系及其多重复合影响进行综合评估。
为此,本文提出了一种考虑专家意见多样性和故障传播影响的改进FMEA,解决了传统FMEA在实际应用中的诸多缺陷问题,并应用于对风电机组的可靠性薄弱环节及关键子系统进行辨识,该方法能够给出各故障模式及子系统的危害度排序,为风电机组的可靠性优化设计提供方向。
FMEA起源于20世纪50年代初,由美国Grumman公司提出,并首次应用于战斗机操作系统的设计分析。FMEA是根据已有的质量数据和用户需求,分析系统/产品中所有可能的故障模式及其对系统造成的所有可能影响,评估每一个故障模式的危害度,并按危害度大小对其进行排序和消除的可靠性分析方法。FMEA对故障模式进行分析时通过对故障模式的严酷度(severity, S)、发生率(occurrence, O)和难检度(detectability, D)进行评分,然后计算故障模式的风险优先数(risk priority number,RPN),根据风险优先数的大小对故障模式进行排序,从而识别系统中的薄弱环节和关键点,为制定改进控制措施提供方向。
在传统FMEA中,风险优先数的计算公式为:
RPN=S×O×D
式中:S为故障模式发生时对系统可靠性的危害程度;O为故障模式发生的可能性;D为当故障模式发生时,根据现有的控制手段及检测方法,能将其准确检出的可能性。
传统FMEA在评估故障模式风险等级的过程中存在如下缺陷:
1)传统FMEA没有考虑发生率O、严酷度S和难检度D三者之间的相对重要性,认为三者的重要性相同。然而在实际中,对于不可修复系统而言,其发生率O的重要性要明显高于严酷度S和难检度D
2)传统FMEA是利用风险优先数的大小来评估各故障的风险等级,由于不同的O、S、D相乘可以得到相同的RPN值,但是各故障对于系统的风险作用却不相同。
3)RPN值的计算方法存在很大的争议,因为其对风险因素的变化非常敏感,可能一个风险因素微小的变动会导致RPN值截然不同。
4)由于专家的经验和知识通常是以主观或定性的语言描述出来,而传统FMEA又很难对这些语言变量做出准确判断。
5)各专家对于同一故障给出的评价信息具有多样性和不确定性,传统的FMEA只是对各专家的评价信息进行简单的加权平均,未考虑专家评价信息主观性与不确定性,在融合过程中可能会造成部分信息丢失,不能有效地提取各专家的评价信息。
6)传统FMEA没有考虑故障模式间的传播影响关系,在实际应用中,由于零部件间复杂的连接及功能偶合关系,一个零部件故障可能会引发其他零部件发生故障,即故障模式间具有传播效应。
基于改进FMEA的风电机组风险脆弱点辨识的分析流程如图1所示。
图1可见,该流程主要分为3个阶段:阶段1,基于可靠性屋(house of reliability,HoR)的故障模式评分;阶段2,基于粗糙数的评分信息融合;阶段3,基于VIKOR方法的故障模式危害度等级排序。各阶段详述如下:
1)基于HoR的故障模式评分
该部分以HoR为理论基础,通过建立各专家的评分HoR来获取故障模式的评分信息[26],评分内容包括严酷度评价指标权重、故障模式与严酷度评价指标关系矩阵、故障模式自相关矩阵、故障模式发生率向量、故障模式难检度向量。根据故障模式的评分信息,采用式(2)计算故障模式的严酷度向量,并建立风险因素(严酷度、发生率和难检度)的权重评分矩阵。
Si=j=1nwjcij
式中:Si为第i个故障模式的严酷度;wj为第j个严酷度评价指标的权重;cij为第i个故障模式关于第j个严酷度评价指标的评分值。
根据各专家的评分可靠性屋,对其进行转换获得故障模式评分矩阵,如式(3)所示:
FMk=[x1Skx1Okx1DkxmSkxmOkxmDk],   k=1,2,,K
同理,可获得风险因素的权重矩阵为:
RFk=[ySkyOkyDk],   k=1,2,,K
式中:FMk为第k个专家给出的故障模式评分矩阵;xijk(j=S,O,D)为第k个专家给出的关于第i个失效模式的第j个风险因素的评分值;K为FMEA团队中专家的个数;RFk为专家k给出的风险因素的权重向量;yjk为专家k给出的第j个风险因素的权重值。
2)基于粗糙数的评分信息融合
根据获得的故障模式评分矩阵和风险因素权重评分矩阵,采用粗糙数融合各专家给出的评分信息,获得故障模式的评分粗糙数矩阵和风险因素的权重粗糙数矩阵,如式(5)和式(6)所示:
FM=[[x1SL,x1SU][x1OL,x1OU][x1DL,x1DU][xmSL,xmSU][xmOL,xmOU][xmDL,xmDU]]
RF=[[ySL,ySU][yOL,yOU][yDL,yDU]] 
式中:xijL(i=1,2,,m;j=S,O,D)为第i个故障模式关于第j个风险因素的融合评分值的粗糙数下边界;xijU(i=1,2,,m;j=S,O,D)为第i个故障模式关于第j个风险因素的融合评分值的粗糙数上边界;yjL(j=S,O,D)为第j个风险因素的权重融合评分值的粗糙数下边界;yjU(j=S,O,D)为第j个风险因素的权重融合评分值的粗糙数上边界。
3)故障模式传播影响分析
由于故障的传播影响,处于故障传播链前端的故障模式对其他故障模式的影响较大,由于其会引发其他故障模式,因此其严酷度会因自身的级联放大效应而增加;而处于故障传播链后端的故障模式,由于其受其他故障模式的影响较大,前端故障模式的发生会在一定程度上引发该类故障,因此其发生率会因其他故障的传播而增加。为此,本文提出如式(7)和式(8)所示的考虑故障传播影响的故障模式严酷度和发生率修正公式:
RN(xiS')=[xiSL',xiSU']={maxitn{αit[xtSL,xtSU]+(1αit)[xiSL,xiSU]}, xiSLxtSL,xiSUxtSUmaxitn{[αitxtSL+(1αit)xiSL,xiSU]}, xiSLxtSL,xiSUxtSUmaxitn{[xiSL,αitxtSU+(1αit)xiSU]}, xiSLxtSL,xiSUxtSU[xiSL,xiSU],    xiSLxtSL,xiSUxtSU
RN(xiO')=[xiOL',xiOU']=[xiOL,xiOU]+{t=i11αit{[xtOL,xtOU][xiOL,xiOU]},xiOLxtOL,xiOUxtOUt=i11αit[(xtOLxiOL),xtOUδ],xiOLxtOL,xiOUxtOUt=i11αit[xtOLδ,(xtOUxiOU)],xiOLxtOL,xiOUxtOUt=i11αit[xtOLδ,xtOUδ],xiOLxtOL,xiOUxtOU
式中:ait为故障模式i与故障模式t的相关性;δ为评分准则系数,其根据故障模式发生率的评定准则来确定,本文取δ=10。
4)基于VIKOR的故障模式风险优先级分析
在获得考虑故障传播影响的故障模式严酷度和发生率评分粗糙数之后,重构故障模式评分粗糙数矩阵,如式(9)所示:
FM=[[x1SL',x1SU'][x1OL',x1OU'][x1DL',x1DU'][xmSL',xmSU'][xmOL',xmOU'][xmDL',xmDU']]
根据获得的风险因素权重粗糙数矩阵RF,计算各风险因素的权重wj,如式(10)所示:
wj=λ(1yjUyjL2(maxjyjUminjyjL))+       (1λ)yjU+yjL2(maxjyjUminjyjL)
式中:λ为折扣因子,表示粗糙数区间的大小(即不确定度)对风险因素权重的影响程度,0≤λ1λ值越大,其对风险因素的权重影响越大。
采用VIKOR方法对重构后的故障模式评分粗糙数矩阵进行分析,在考虑各风险因素权重差异的情况下,对故障模式的危害度等级进行排序。
5)子系统危害度分析
通过统计分析各子系统故障模式的危害度,采用式(11)计算各子系统的危害度:
Q(Pi)=j=1n(Pi)Q(FMj)nr(FMj)n
式中:Pi为第i个零部件;Q(Pi)为第i个零部件的危害度;n(Pi)为第i个零部件中故障模式的个数;Q(FMj)为Pi中第j个失效模式的Q值;的r(FMj)为故障模式FMjQ值排名;n为故障模式个数。
采用本文提出的改进FMEA对某型号风电机组的潜在故障模式进行实例分析,辨识风电机组可靠性薄弱环节。具体分析流程如下:
1)风电机组潜在故障模式辨识
风电机组主要由叶片、主轴、齿轮箱、发电机、偏航系统等17个子系统组成,每个子系统由于功能、结构的差异,其失效形式各有不同。本文针对每个子系统,依据其历史故障数据和相关设计数据,挖掘其潜在的故障模式,某型号风电机组的潜在故障模式见表1
2)基于HoR的故障模式评分
采用专家评分的方式,依据专家的知识和经验,邀请相关领域的4名专家对风电机组的潜在故障模式进行评分,评分的内容包括严酷度评价指标权重向量、故障模式与严酷度评价指标关系矩阵、故障模式发生率向量和故障模式难检度向量。专家1给出的部分故障模式评分HoR如图2所示。
对于各专家给出故障模式评分HoR,采用式(2)计算故障模式的严酷度向量,获得故障模式的风险因素(严酷度、发生率和难检度)评分矩阵。同理,各专家对风险因素的权重进行评分,获得风险因素的评分向量,如表2所示。
3)基于粗糙数的评分信息融合
由于专家给出的评分信息具有一定的主观性和不确定性,传统的加权平均融合方法难以有效地提取专家意见的多样性信息,融合结果受专家主观性的影响较大,而且无法描述专家意见的不确定性。因此,本文采用粗糙数理论融合各专家给出的多样性评分信息,融合结果如表3所示。
对于融合后的风险因素权重粗糙数RF=[[0.41, 0.44], [0.31, 0.36], [0.21, 0.26]],根据式(10)计算各风险因素的权重,计算结果为W=(wS, wO, wD)=(0.42, 0.34, 0.24)。
考虑到故障的传播影响,根据故障模式的自相关矩阵,采用式(7)和式(8)修正具有故障相关性的故障模式的严酷度评分粗糙数和发生率评分粗糙数。
图3图4分别给出了在考虑故障传播影响前后部分故障模式的严酷度评分粗糙数和发生率评分粗糙数变化情况。图中的竖长条表示粗糙数的区间,竖长条的下边界为粗糙数的下限,上边界为粗糙数的上限,竖长条越长表示粗糙数的区间越大,即故障模式评分不确定性越大。由图3图4可知,通过考虑故障传播影响,多数故障模式的严酷度评分粗糙数和发生率评分粗糙数发生了变化,说明风电机组内部存在复杂的故障耦合与传播影响关系。
4)基于VIKOR的故障模式风险等级分析
在分析过程中,首先确定各风险因素的理想解和负理想解。由表3可知,风险因素的理想解和负理想解分别为:f*=(7.1, 9.0, 6.7)和f=(2.9, 2.0, 2.3)。然后计算故障模式到理想解的距离,进而计算故障模式的风险排序指标。VIKOR方法给出的是一种折衷的排序方法,通过综合比较决策过程中的可接受优势和稳定性实现对故障模式的风险等级排序。基于VIKOR方法的故障模式风险等级排序结果如表4所示。
在分析故障模式的危害度等级时,以Q指标的排序结果作为故障模式的最终排序结果。由表4可知,排名第1的故障模式是FM21(齿轮传统系统故障),其次是FM27(发电机机械故障)和FM22(齿轮箱润滑与冷却系统故障)。由于这些排名较高的故障模式对风电机组的功能和可靠性有很严重的影响,因此在进行风电机组的可靠性优化设计时,应重点关注这些故障,通过采取必要的改进措施,降低这些故障的发生概率,以提高系统的运行可靠性。
5)子系统危害度分析
子系统的危害度是指某个子系统发生故障时,对系统整机的性能、功能、环境及人员安全的影响程度。对子系统进行危害度分析可以找对风电机组稳定运行影响最大的关键子系统,从而有针对性地进行改进设计,提高风电机组的可靠性。风电机组各子系统的危害度如图5所示。
图5可知,风电机组危害度最大的子系统为齿轮箱,其次为发电机和变桨系统。通过分析收集到的风电机组历史故障数据,发现齿轮箱、发电机和变桨系统也是故障频率最高的3个子系统,这3个子系统的故障率占风电机组整机故障率的53.1%。因此,在进行系统可靠性设计时,重点对这3个子系统进行改进设计不仅可以有效地降低系统故障率,还可以减小这3个子系统的危害度,从而提升系统的安全性和可靠性。
本文针对传统FMEA的缺陷,提出了一种改进的FMEA。通过引入可靠性屋、粗糙集理论和理想点法克服了传统FMEA的缺陷,提升了FMEA分析的客观性和准确性。
在故障模式评分过程中,根据可靠性屋的矩阵结构,获得了各故障模式的详细评分信息。在专家评分信息的融合过程中,提出了采用粗糙数融合各专家的评分信息,有效处理了专家评分信息的主观性与不确定性,解决了FMEA中专家多样性评分信息的融合问题。在故障模式的危害度排序过程中,提出了采用VIKOR方法计算故障模式的排序指标,并将故障模式的传播影响关系和级联放大效应融入故障模式的危害度分析中,提高了故障模式危害度排序的准确性,根据排序结果辨识出了风电机组的风险脆弱点和可靠性薄弱环节,为风电机组的故障预防和可靠性优化设计提供了方向。
根据某型号风电机组的设计数据和历史故障数据,辨识了各子系统潜在的故障模式,采用改进的FMEA对潜在故障模式的危害度等级进行了分析,获得了各故障模式的危害度排序以及各子系统的危害度排序。
  • 中国华能集团有限公司新疆公司本部管理创新服务项目(HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001)
  • 中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H72-02)
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2024年第53卷第1期
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doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202305080
  • 接收时间:2023-05-19
  • 首发时间:2025-12-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-19
基金
Huaneng Xinjiang Company Headquarters Management Innovation Service Project(HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001)
中国华能集团有限公司新疆公司本部管理创新服务项目(HN-6800-202200018-JSJF00001)
Science and Technology Project of Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.(HNKJ20-H72-02)
中国华能集团有限公司总部科技项目(HNKJ20-H72-02)
作者信息
    1.西安热工研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710054
    2.华能新疆能源开发有限公司,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
    3.华能新疆能源开发有限公司清洁能源分公司,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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