Article(id=1211002409757840150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1210998030828958715, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688140800000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1766655073823, onlineDateStr=2025-12-25, pubDate=1706112000000, pubDateStr=2024-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1766655073823, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-12-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1766655073823, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766655073823, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1210998030828958715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, year='2024', volume='53', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='196', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1766654029805, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1766734793553, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1211336778607366994, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1210998030828958715, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1211336778611561299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, issueId=1210998030828958715, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=53, endPage=63, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1211002409950778141, articleId=1211002409757840150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=EN, title=Numerical investigations on the aerodynamics and flue gas recirculation optimization of cyclone-fired coal boiler, columnId=1210998031487464445, journalTitle=Thermal Power Generation, columnName=High proportion combustion technology for high-alkali coal, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As a kind of slag-tap boiler, cyclone-fired boilers exhibit significantly different aerodynamics comparing with pulverized coal (PC) boilers. However, by far there are still lack of CFD models that are able to provide effective guidance to the design and operation of cyclone-fired boilers. A CFD model of cyclone-fired boilers was developed in which the capture of coal particles by the molten slag layer was considered through a slag layer coal particle capture model. This model was then employed to investigate the aerodynamics and flue gas recirculation (FGR) optimization design of a 550 MW cyclone-fired boiler. The results demonstrate the highly nonuniform characteristics of furnace aerodynamics of cyclone-fired boilers due to the strong swirling flows created by the cyclones leads to the formation of localized high temperature zones and severe boiler fouling problems at the entrance of boiler convection pass. Thus, it is critical to adapt the FGR design with the nonuniform furnace flow and temperature distributions. The simulation results show that, with the optimized FGR design, the high temperature zones and the resulting severe fouling problems were effectively mitigated.

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shitai QIN, Junshuo DU, Chi LI, Yongqing ZHOU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1211002417529885691, articleId=1211002409757840150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, language=CN, title=旋风炉空气动力学和烟气再循环数值模拟, columnId=1210998031621682175, journalTitle=热力发电, columnName=高比例燃烧高碱煤技术专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

旋风炉作为一种液态排渣炉,其空气动力学特性与煤粉炉存在显著差异,目前尚缺乏可有效指导旋风炉设计和运行的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型。对此,开发了一种旋风炉CFD数值模型,该模型通过渣层煤粒捕集模型将熔融渣层对煤粒的捕集作用结合在模型中。将该模型应用于某550 MW机组旋风炉的空气动力学特性和烟气再循环(FGR)优化设计研究。研究表明,旋风筒产生的强旋流场使炉内流场分布极不均匀,导致了炉内局部高温和水平烟道入口的严重结渣问题。因此,FGR喷口应根据炉内的不均匀流场和温度分布进行针对性设计,以有效消除炉内的局部高温区域。模拟计算和现场实施结果表明,通过FGR优化设计,炉膛局部高温和严重结渣问题得到了有效缓解。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
周永清(1995),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为智能清洁燃烧技术,
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=sfGSCk+lclhEMgUpJsF1kg==, magXml=nK3LhR0XARp75UVP2gx1OQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=ppG6a/6YeoBcjBAeISN2Kg==, pdfFileSize=1961978, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=lTJw1k0Zadmg5JGwZ712CA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=hSuiSNNL1Jvpkea6t9k2Sg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

秦世泰(1996),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为电厂锅炉技术,

, authorsList=秦世泰, 杜俊硕, 李驰, 周永清)}, authors=[Author(id=1211018021875880461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=532935646@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211018021972349460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018021875880461, language=EN, stringName=Shitai QIN, firstName=Shitai, middleName=null, lastName=QIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.CHN Energy Shandong Penglai Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yantai 265600, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022064624151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018021875880461, language=CN, stringName=秦世泰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.国家能源蓬莱发电有限公司,山东 烟台 265600, bio={"content":"

秦世泰(1996),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为电厂锅炉技术,

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

秦世泰(1996),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为电厂锅炉技术,

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211018021548724727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021557113335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021548724727, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.CHN Energy Shandong Penglai Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yantai 265600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021565501944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021548724727, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国家能源蓬莱发电有限公司,山东 烟台 265600)])]), Author(id=1211018022152704541, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022257562148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018022152704541, language=EN, stringName=Junshuo DU, firstName=Junshuo, middleName=null, lastName=DU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022362419749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018022152704541, language=CN, stringName=杜俊硕, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211018021653582334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021661970942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021653582334, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021670359551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021653582334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006)])]), Author(id=1211018022458888746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022563746349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018022458888746, language=EN, stringName=Chi LI, firstName=Chi, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022656021041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018022458888746, language=CN, stringName=李驰, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=2, address=2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211018021653582334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021661970942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021653582334, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021670359551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021653582334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006)])]), Author(id=1211018022739907126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=zyq_901@tju.edu.cn, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022844764728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018022739907126, language=EN, stringName=Yongqing ZHOU, firstName=Yongqing, middleName=null, lastName=ZHOU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1211018022953816636, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, authorId=1211018022739907126, language=CN, stringName=周永清, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=3, address=3.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211018021766828547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021775217156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021766828547, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021779411461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021766828547, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1211018023125783106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=cyclone boiler), Keyword(id=1211018023205474885, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=slag layer), Keyword(id=1211018023293555275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=CFD), Keyword(id=1211018023394218573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=flue gas recirculation), Keyword(id=1211018023499076177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=slagging), Keyword(id=1211018023595545170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=旋风炉), Keyword(id=1211018023700402773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=灰渣层), Keyword(id=1211018023805260376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=计算流体动力学), Keyword(id=1211018023931089498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=烟气再循环), Keyword(id=1211018025139049051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=结渣)], refs=[Reference(id=1211018030612615918, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[1], rfOrder=0, authorNames=The Babcock & Wilcox Company, journalName=Steam/its generation and use, refType=null, unstructuredReference=The Babcock & Wilcox Company. Steam/its generation and use[M]. 41th ed. U.S.A.: Barberton, Ohio, 2005: 1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018030704890608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=71, issue=10, pageStart=1052, pageEnd=1065, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[2], rfOrder=1, authorNames=TANG C L, DENG L, WU S, journalName=Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG C L, DENG L, WU S, et al. Numerical simulation on the slag flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cyclone barrel for a cyclone-fired boiler[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2017, 71(10): 1052-1065., articleTitle=Numerical simulation on the slag flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cyclone barrel for a cyclone-fired boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018030788776692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=56, issue=9, pageStart=2693, pageEnd=2709, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[3], rfOrder=2, authorNames=SANKAR G, DHANNINA C S, SANTHOSH K D, journalName=Heat and Mass Transfer, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SANKAR G, DHANNINA C S, SANTHOSH K D, et al. Numerical simulation of the heat transfer and NOx emissions in a 660 MW tangentially fired pulverised-coal supercritical boiler[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 56(9): 2693-2709., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of the heat transfer and NOx emissions in a 660 MW tangentially fired pulverised-coal supercritical boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018030868468473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=27, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=3, authorNames=王志宁, 蔡晋, 张扬, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王志宁, 蔡晋, 张扬, 等. 烟气再循环对燃烧过程NO生成的作用机理研究[J]. 热力发电, 2021, 50(3): 27-33., articleTitle=烟气再循环对燃烧过程NO生成的作用机理研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018030998491896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=50, issue=3, pageStart=27, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[4], rfOrder=4, authorNames=WANG Zhining, CAI Jin, ZHANG Yang, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Zhining, CAI Jin, ZHANG Yang, et al. Mechanism study on effect of flue gas recirculation on NO formation during combustion process[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2021, 50(3): 27-33., articleTitle=Mechanism study on effect of flue gas recirculation on NO formation during combustion process, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031094960890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=87, issue=7, pageStart=1259, pageEnd=1269, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[5], rfOrder=5, authorNames=DIEZ L I, CORTES C, PALLARES J, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DIEZ L I, CORTES C, PALLARES J. Numerical investigation of NOx emissions from a tangentially-fired utility boiler under conventional and overfire air operation[J]. Fuel, 2008, 87(7): 1259-1269., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of NOx emissions from a tangentially-fired utility boiler under conventional and overfire air operation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031174652668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=25, issue=5, pageStart=2004, pageEnd=2012, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[6], rfOrder=6, authorNames=ZHOU H, MO G Y, SI D B, journalName=Energy & Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU H, MO G Y, SI D B, et al. Numerical simulation of the NOx emissions in a 1 000 MW tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler: influence of the multi-group arrangement of the separated over fire air[J]. Energy & Fuel, 2011, 25(5): 2004-2012., articleTitle=Numerical simulation of the NOx emissions in a 1 000 MW tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler: influence of the multi-group arrangement of the separated over fire air, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031275315966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2018, volume=139, issue=null, pageStart=135, pageEnd=143, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[7], rfOrder=7, authorNames=TAN P, FANG Q Y, ZHAO S N, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TAN P, FANG Q Y, ZHAO S N, et al. Causes and mitigation of gas temperature deviation in tangentially fired tower-type boilers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 139: 135-143., articleTitle=Causes and mitigation of gas temperature deviation in tangentially fired tower-type boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031367590658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2016, volume=177, issue=null, pageStart=323, pageEnd=334, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[8], rfOrder=8, authorNames=LIU Y C, FAN W D, LI Y, journalName=Applied Energy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Y C, FAN W D, LI Y, et al. Numerical investigation of air-staged combustion emphasizing char gasification and gas temperature deviation in a large-scale, tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 177: 323-334., articleTitle=Numerical investigation of air-staged combustion emphasizing char gasification and gas temperature deviation in a large-scale, tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031476642565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=82, issue=9, pageStart=1127, pageEnd=1137, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[9], rfOrder=9, authorNames=YIN C G, ROSENDAHL L, CONDRA TJ, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YIN C G, ROSENDAHL L, CONDRA TJ. Further study of the gas temperature deviation in large-scale tangentially coal-fired boilers[J]. Fuel, 2003, 82(9): 1127-1137., articleTitle=Further study of the gas temperature deviation in large-scale tangentially coal-fired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031661191944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=5, pageStart=102, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=10, authorNames=李汝萍, 童家麟, 吕洪坤, journalName=热力发电, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李汝萍, 童家麟, 吕洪坤, 等. 亚临界锅炉超低NOx排放改造后高温腐蚀分析[J]. 热力发电, 2019, 48(5): 102-108., articleTitle=亚临界锅炉超低NOx排放改造后高温腐蚀分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031749272330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=48, issue=5, pageStart=102, pageEnd=108, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[10], rfOrder=11, authorNames=LI Ruping, TONG Jialin, LYU Hongkun, journalName=Thermal Power Generation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Ruping, TONG Jialin, LYU Hongkun, et al. High temperature corrosion analysis for a subcritical boiler after ultra low NOx emission transformation[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2019, 48(5): 102-108., articleTitle=High temperature corrosion analysis for a subcritical boiler after ultra low NOx emission transformation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031841547020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=517, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=12, authorNames=杨希刚, 金保昇, journalName=动力工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=杨希刚, 金保昇. 对冲旋流燃烧锅炉组合式贴壁风运行参数优化的数值模拟[J]. 动力工程学报, 2019, 39(7): 517-523., articleTitle=对冲旋流燃烧锅炉组合式贴壁风运行参数优化的数值模拟, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018031929627406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=517, pageEnd=523, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[11], rfOrder=13, authorNames=YANG Xigang, JIN Baosheng, journalName=Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YANG Xigang, JIN Baosheng. Numerical simulation and optimization on the operation parameters of a combined closing-to-wall air system in a supercritical opposed firing boiler[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2019, 39(7): 517-523., articleTitle=Numerical simulation and optimization on the operation parameters of a combined closing-to-wall air system in a supercritical opposed firing boiler, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032005124881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=1, pageStart=490, pageEnd=502, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=14, authorNames=XIE Y, LIU X, WANG H Y, journalName=Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XIE Y, LIU X, WANG H Y. Coupled heat transfer model for the combustion and steam characteristics of coal-fired boilers[J]. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 15(1): 490-502., articleTitle=Coupled heat transfer model for the combustion and steam characteristics of coal-fired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032084816660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=166, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=15, authorNames=WANG H Y, ZHANG C Q, LIU X, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H Y, ZHANG C Q, LIU X. Heat transfer calculation methods in three-dimensional CFD model for pulverized coal-fired boilers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 166: 114633., articleTitle=Heat transfer calculation methods in three-dimensional CFD model for pulverized coal-fired boilers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032156119831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=150, issue=null, pageStart=565, pageEnd=572, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[14], rfOrder=16, authorNames=BI D P, GUAN Q L, XUAN W W, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BI D P, GUAN Q L, XUAN W W, et al. Combined slag flow model for entrained flow gasification[J]. Fuel, 2015, 150: 565-572., articleTitle=Combined slag flow model for entrained flow gasification, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032214840089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=77, issue=14, pageStart=1611, pageEnd=1621, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[15], rfOrder=17, authorNames=SEGGIAN M, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SEGGIAN M. Modelling and simulation of time varying slag flow in a Prenflo entrained-flow gasifier[J]. Fuel, 1998, 77(14): 1611-1621., articleTitle=Modelling and simulation of time varying slag flow in a Prenflo entrained-flow gasifier, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032290337564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2007, volume=149, issue=3, pageStart=249, pageEnd=260, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=18, authorNames=WANG X H, ZHAO D Q, HE L B, journalName=Combust Flame, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG X H, ZHAO D Q, HE L B, et al. Modeling of a coal-fired slagging combustor: development of a slag submodel[J]. Combust Flame, 2007, 149(3): 249-260., articleTitle=Modeling of a coal-fired slagging combustor: development of a slag submodel, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032399389471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=92, issue=1, pageStart=162, pageEnd=170, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[17], rfOrder=19, authorNames=YONG S Z, GAZZIN M, GHONIEM A, journalName=Fuel, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YONG S Z, GAZZIN M, GHONIEM A. Modeling the slag layer in solid fuel gasification and combustion-formulation and sensitivity analysis[J]. Fuel, 2012, 92(1): 162-170., articleTitle=Modeling the slag layer in solid fuel gasification and combustion-formulation and sensitivity analysis, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032504247076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[18], rfOrder=20, authorNames=HOOVER B D, WILGONG R O, WANG H Y, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOOVER B D, WILGONG R O, WANG H Y. Boiler upgrades for conversion to PRB coal[C]. Baltimore: 14th Electric Power Conference & Exhibition, 2012: 1., articleTitle=Boiler upgrades for conversion to PRB coal, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032588133158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1970, volume=9, issue=4, pageStart=521, pageEnd=530, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[19], rfOrder=21, authorNames=BADZIOCH S, HAWKSLEY P G W, journalName=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BADZIOCH S, HAWKSLEY P G W. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of pulverized coal particles[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 1970, 9(4): 521-530., articleTitle=Kinetics of thermal decomposition of pulverized coal particles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032655242023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1991, volume=5, issue=5, pageStart=647, pageEnd=665, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=22, authorNames=NIKSA S, KERSTEIN A R, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=NIKSA S, KERSTEIN A R. Flashchain theory for rapid coal devolatilization kinetics[J]. Energy & Fuels, 1991, 5(5): 647-665., articleTitle=Flashchain theory for rapid coal devolatilization kinetics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032726545193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1971, volume=3, issue=null, pageStart=231, pageEnd=242, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=23, authorNames=BAUM M M, STREET P J, journalName=Combustion Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAUM M M, STREET P J. Predicting the combustion behaviour of coal particles[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 1971, 3: 231-242., articleTitle=Predicting the combustion behaviour of coal particles, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018032810431275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1992, volume=6, issue=null, pageStart=92, pageEnd=8208, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=24, authorNames=MITCHEL R E, HURT R H, BAXTRE L L, journalName=Biological Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MITCHEL R E, HURT R H, BAXTRE L L, et al. Harde Compilation of Sandia coal char combustion data and kinetic analyses. milestone report[J]. Biological Science, 1992, 6: 92-8208., articleTitle=Harde Compilation of Sandia coal char combustion data and kinetic analyses. milestone report, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018034001613613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1993, volume=19, issue=null, pageStart=487, pageEnd=504, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=25, authorNames=WALL T F, BHATTACHARYA S P, GUPTA R P, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WALL T F, BHATTACHARYA S P, GUPTA R P, et al. The properties and thermal effects of ash deposits in coal-fired furnaces[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1993, 19: 487-504., articleTitle=The properties and thermal effects of ash deposits in coal-fired furnaces, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018034085499695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2005, volume=31, issue=5-6, pageStart=371, pageEnd=421, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=26, authorNames=ZBOGAR A, FRANDSEN F J, JENSEN P A, journalName=Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZBOGAR A, FRANDSEN F J, JENSEN P A, et al. Heat transfer in ash deposits: a modelling tool-box[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005, 31(5-6): 371-421., articleTitle=Heat transfer in ash deposits: a modelling tool-box, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1211018034152608561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=200, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[25], rfOrder=27, authorNames=WANG H Y, JIN D H, LIU X, journalName=Applied Thermal Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG H Y, JIN D H, LIU X, et al. Analytical and numerical investigations on the high temperature upgrading solution of subcritical boilers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 200: 117628., articleTitle=Analytical and numerical investigations on the high temperature upgrading solution of subcritical boilers, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1211018021548724727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021557113335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021548724727, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.CHN Energy Shandong Penglai Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yantai 265600, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021565501944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021548724727, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.国家能源蓬莱发电有限公司,山东 烟台 265600)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211018021653582334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021661970942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021653582334, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021670359551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021653582334, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006)]), AuthorCompany(id=1211018021766828547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021775217156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021766828547, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1211018021779411461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, companyId=1211018021766828547, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1211018025361347171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic of the cyclone-fired boiler, figureFileSmall=vYusddz9m3UOM+FTy8dutw==, figureFileBig=s8eITJoCetYUDLXV17E1bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018025453621863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图1, caption=旋风炉结构示意, figureFileSmall=vYusddz9m3UOM+FTy8dutw==, figureFileBig=s8eITJoCetYUDLXV17E1bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018025600422508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic of boiler wall heat transfer process, figureFileSmall=EtOnVq3acIPXTM55E2iDOQ==, figureFileBig=fZOwVrceQkhukvwH/DvSEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018025688502895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图2, caption=炉膛壁面传热过程示意, figureFileSmall=EtOnVq3acIPXTM55E2iDOQ==, figureFileBig=fZOwVrceQkhukvwH/DvSEA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018025805943411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Pathlines of the PA flow and SA flows from different inlet positions of the SA duct, figureFileSmall=dGmnSZnJEwXFvXDABhOkxw==, figureFileBig=IjWPCEl/cCsm/V+PQmL6KQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018025944355446, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图3, caption=PA和来自SA道不同入口位置的SA流线, figureFileSmall=dGmnSZnJEwXFvXDABhOkxw==, figureFileBig=IjWPCEl/cCsm/V+PQmL6KQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026082767485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Vertical and cross-sectional velocity distribution of cyclone, figureFileSmall=JCBKLvOaUQsdv41Wmgpefg==, figureFileBig=LoGimXa0wMWYeFyVfO8Aqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026183430787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图4, caption=旋风筒纵截面和横截面的速度分布, figureFileSmall=JCBKLvOaUQsdv41Wmgpefg==, figureFileBig=LoGimXa0wMWYeFyVfO8Aqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026300871302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Vertical and cross-sectional temperature distributions of cyclone, figureFileSmall=cFPRmIJfy6TIWb9mBFc0IQ==, figureFileBig=Xeek5eqYEwV6Bv7K1HDYiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026384757386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图5, caption=旋风筒纵截面和横截面的温度分布, figureFileSmall=cFPRmIJfy6TIWb9mBFc0IQ==, figureFileBig=Xeek5eqYEwV6Bv7K1HDYiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026489614988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=FGR ports arrangement on the furnace front and rear walls and the in-situ picture of the front wall FGR ports, figureFileSmall=q0L0KCG3g19+0gk8GcY1pA==, figureFileBig=Tm6xDn4Rt99rZgKPy8iymg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026565112463, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图6, caption=炉膛前后墙FGR喷口布置和前墙FGR喷口现场照片, figureFileSmall=q0L0KCG3g19+0gk8GcY1pA==, figureFileBig=Tm6xDn4Rt99rZgKPy8iymg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026682552979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Velocity vector plot of the FGR duct, figureFileSmall=l3CYu8WpFoJ5TRrQ/mez0w==, figureFileBig=1CujDRNKUn/63dhNkeiKww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026787410584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图7, caption=FGR烟道速度矢量, figureFileSmall=l3CYu8WpFoJ5TRrQ/mez0w==, figureFileBig=1CujDRNKUn/63dhNkeiKww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026883879579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of the predicted FEGT with the operating data, figureFileSmall=esd6k2Fhld8OBt5+1JeKLw==, figureFileBig=0Fm2KsXilYQq2XSZ42VHaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018026980348575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图8, caption=炉膛出口烟温预测数据与运行数据的比较, figureFileSmall=esd6k2Fhld8OBt5+1JeKLw==, figureFileBig=0Fm2KsXilYQq2XSZ42VHaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027072623266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Flow pathlines originating from the front wall cyclone inlets, velocity distributions at different furnace sectional planes, figureFileSmall=QOE/caVCc5upcPQGONFcxg==, figureFileBig=rdoBYQdFOQ9bOHTCiEeJ/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027164897957, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图9, caption=从前墙旋风筒入口开始的烟气流线分布和炉膛不同横截面烟气流速分布, figureFileSmall=QOE/caVCc5upcPQGONFcxg==, figureFileBig=rdoBYQdFOQ9bOHTCiEeJ/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027252978344, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Vertical-and cross-sectional distributions of furnace temperature, figureFileSmall=AnyOKVKPAGm5VXhUqEHW4A==, figureFileBig=02CMTPnBHfZr4+qzttSaTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027349447340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图10, caption=炉膛纵截面和不同位置横截面温度分布, figureFileSmall=AnyOKVKPAGm5VXhUqEHW4A==, figureFileBig=02CMTPnBHfZr4+qzttSaTA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027429139119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=FGR pathlines from the FGR ports on the furnace front wall and rear wall to the entrance of boiler convection pass, figureFileSmall=0hyFuB/lX+Ks+KDx5Dqw6Q==, figureFileBig=e/2QbvQ/ABv12OInEtbaqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027500442291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图11, caption=从炉膛前墙和后墙FGR喷口到炉膛对流烟道入口的FGR烟气流线分布, figureFileSmall=0hyFuB/lX+Ks+KDx5Dqw6Q==, figureFileBig=e/2QbvQ/ABv12OInEtbaqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027571745462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Modified FGR ports arrangement options, figureFileSmall=Rp1vf3vi8RT/nHVrFpZG2g==, figureFileBig=ffZdgnDke9HoLN7ZQ2PbVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027655631545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图12, caption=FGR喷口改造方案, figureFileSmall=Rp1vf3vi8RT/nHVrFpZG2g==, figureFileBig=ffZdgnDke9HoLN7ZQ2PbVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027752100539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Temperature distributions at the entrance of boiler convection pass for modification cases, figureFileSmall=HV1cgbKkt7YBVFEAqKdTGA==, figureFileBig=GR2PI/5GHItKxCW/kRGbSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027848569533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图13, caption=FGR喷口布置改进工况锅炉对流烟道入口烟温分布, figureFileSmall=HV1cgbKkt7YBVFEAqKdTGA==, figureFileBig=GR2PI/5GHItKxCW/kRGbSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018027915678401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=FGR gas flow pathlines from the new port N1 (Case 2) to the entrance of boiler convection pass, figureFileSmall=FuTmOEzVqDA8BESxA0Sk4A==, figureFileBig=eDNwgQKi3RkG0os0vDG22g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018028003758786, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图14, caption=烟气从侧墙FGR新增喷口N1(工况2)到对流烟道入口的流线分布, figureFileSmall=FuTmOEzVqDA8BESxA0Sk4A==, figureFileBig=eDNwgQKi3RkG0os0vDG22g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018028125393604, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=FGR gas flow pathlines from ports F1, F6 (Case 4) to the entrance of boiler convection pass, figureFileSmall=x3b6JP5mXZuuw2xglABgBg==, figureFileBig=T+3DZbixObq1h98uA7zIcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018028288971465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=图15, caption=烟气从F1、F6喷口(工况4)到对流通道入口流线分布, figureFileSmall=x3b6JP5mXZuuw2xglABgBg==, figureFileBig=T+3DZbixObq1h98uA7zIcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1211018028360274638, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Coal proximate and ultimate analyses data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MarAarVarFCarCarHarOarNarSar
28.455.0931.6634.9049.443.5812.590.670.27
), ArticleFig(id=1211018029568234192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤工业与元素分析数据 w/%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
MarAarVarFCarCarHarOarNarSar
28.455.0931.6634.9049.443.5812.590.670.27
), ArticleFig(id=1211018029660508882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Coal particle fineness data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
筛网号481630
通过率/%98.589.073.051.0
), ArticleFig(id=1211018029773755093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

煤细度数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
筛网号481630
通过率/%98.589.073.051.0
), ArticleFig(id=1211018029882807000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Main boiler operating data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
总煤量/(kg·s–1)70.56SA总量/(kg·s–1)355.2
过量空气系数1.18燃尽风总量/(kg·s–1)103.1
总风量/(kg·s–1)533.9PA、SA温度/℃201.1
PA总量/(kg·s–1)75.6再循环烟气温度/℃386.7
), ArticleFig(id=1211018029983470299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

锅炉关键运行参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目数值项目数值
总煤量/(kg·s–1)70.56SA总量/(kg·s–1)355.2
过量空气系数1.18燃尽风总量/(kg·s–1)103.1
总风量/(kg·s–1)533.9PA、SA温度/℃201.1
PA总量/(kg·s–1)75.6再循环烟气温度/℃386.7
), ArticleFig(id=1211018030071550688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Summary of detailed model scheme

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应过程模型方法
湍流流动Realizable k-ε模型
辐射传热离散坐标法
烟气发射率灰色气体加权和模型
煤粒跟踪随机轨道法,每个旋风筒内跟踪16 380个煤粒
气固耦合粒子源(PSIC)方法
煤粒热解一阶单反应速率模型 反应速率参数:最大析出量V0=60.67%(可燃基),指前因子Av=61 250 1/s,活化能Ev=43.235 kJ/mol
湍流反应速率涡耗散(eddy-dissipation concept)模型
炭粒燃烧Cchar+0.5O2→CO反应速率:动力学/扩散控制模型 反应速率常数:指前因子Ac=0.001 kg/(m2·s),活化能Ec=79.000 kJ/mol
), ArticleFig(id=1211018030176408290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

具体模型总述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
反应过程模型方法
湍流流动Realizable k-ε模型
辐射传热离散坐标法
烟气发射率灰色气体加权和模型
煤粒跟踪随机轨道法,每个旋风筒内跟踪16 380个煤粒
气固耦合粒子源(PSIC)方法
煤粒热解一阶单反应速率模型 反应速率参数:最大析出量V0=60.67%(可燃基),指前因子Av=61 250 1/s,活化能Ev=43.235 kJ/mol
湍流反应速率涡耗散(eddy-dissipation concept)模型
炭粒燃烧Cchar+0.5O2→CO反应速率:动力学/扩散控制模型 反应速率常数:指前因子Ac=0.001 kg/(m2·s),活化能Ec=79.000 kJ/mol
), ArticleFig(id=1211018030272877286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Predicted maximum and average gas temperatures at the entrance of boiler convection pass for the baseline and modification cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况最高温度平均温度
基准工况1 302.41 129.3
工况11 336.71 132.1
工况21 298.31 128.6
工况31 257.41 127.1
工况41 226.01 127.1
), ArticleFig(id=1211018030365151974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1210938733613449225, articleId=1211002409757840150, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

基准工况和改造工况下锅炉对流烟道入口最高和平均烟气温度   单位:℃

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况最高温度平均温度
基准工况1 302.41 129.3
工况11 336.71 132.1
工况21 298.31 128.6
工况31 257.41 127.1
工况41 226.01 127.1
)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1210938006006558725, delFlag=0, nameCn=热力发电, nameEn=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1002-3364, eissn=null, cn=61-1111/TM, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1766639718774, updatedTime=1766640759031, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=T, firstLetterEn=T, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, picEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1210942369256575009, language=CN, name=热力发电, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759052, updatedTime=1766640759052, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1210942369315295266, language=EN, name=Thermal Power Generation, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1766640759066, updatedTime=1766640759066, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=1, submissionEditorUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=3, submissionReviewUrl=https://rlfd.chinajournal.net.cn/index.aspx?t=2, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1210938733613449225, websiteList=[Website(id=1210941118787744741, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN, language=CN, createTime=1766640460918, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640511525, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=热力发电, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944690380214659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641312451, updateTime=1766641312451, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690359243136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641312446, updateTime=1766641312446, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690401186182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312456, updateTime=1766641312456, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690346660223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641312443, updateTime=1766641312443, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690409574792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312458, updateTime=1766641312458, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690371826050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic, createTime=1766641312449, updateTime=1766641312449, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690405380487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641312457, updateTime=1766641312457, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690367631745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1766641312448, updateTime=1766641312448, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690388603268, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641312453, updateTime=1766641312453, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944690392797573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118787744741, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641312454, updateTime=1766641312454, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1210941118926156777, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1210938733613449225, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN, language=EN, createTime=1766640460950, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1766640598724, updateBy=18614031015, name=热力发电-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Thermal Power Generation, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1210944709317489283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1766641316966, updateTime=1766641316966, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709296517760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1766641316961, updateTime=1766641316961, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709334266502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316970, updateTime=1766641316970, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709288129151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/file/pic?fileId=ToFA0Lu4b/CNocENDvNjHA==, createTime=1766641316959, updateTime=1766641316959, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709346849416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316973, updateTime=1766641316973, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709309100674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/file/pic, createTime=1766641316964, updateTime=1766641316964, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709338460807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1766641316971, updateTime=1766641316971, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709300712065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1766641316962, updateTime=1766641316962, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709321683588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1766641316967, updateTime=1766641316967, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1210944709330072197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1210941118926156777, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1766641316969, updateTime=1766641316969, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=热力发电, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=null, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Thermal Power Generation, journalPhotoCn=YWgAUXbKXZzTw3c+kJbAIA==, journalPhotoEn=jfJjUlYAGfUZwuOMQZ6AHQ==, journalFirstLetter=T, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/EN/PDF/10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108, aliStartDate=null, aliEndDate=null, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
旋风炉空气动力学和烟气再循环数值模拟
收藏切换
PDF下载
秦世泰 1 , 杜俊硕 2 , 李驰 2 , 周永清 3
热力发电 | 高比例燃烧高碱煤技术专题 2024,53(1): 53-63
收起
收藏切换
热力发电 | 高比例燃烧高碱煤技术专题 2024, 53(1): 53-63
旋风炉空气动力学和烟气再循环数值模拟
全屏
秦世泰1 , 杜俊硕2, 李驰2, 周永清3
作者信息
  • 1.国家能源蓬莱发电有限公司,山东 烟台 265600
  • 2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006
  • 3.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350
  • 秦世泰(1996),男,硕士,助理工程师,主要研究方向为电厂锅炉技术,

通讯作者:

周永清(1995),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为智能清洁燃烧技术,
Numerical investigations on the aerodynamics and flue gas recirculation optimization of cyclone-fired coal boiler
Shitai QIN1 , Junshuo DU2, Chi LI2, Yongqing ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1.CHN Energy Shandong Penglai Power Generation Co., Ltd., Yantai 265600, China
  • 2.Yantai Longyuan Power Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
  • 3.School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
出版时间: 2024-01-25 doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108
文章导航
收藏切换

旋风炉作为一种液态排渣炉,其空气动力学特性与煤粉炉存在显著差异,目前尚缺乏可有效指导旋风炉设计和运行的计算流体动力学(CFD)模型。对此,开发了一种旋风炉CFD数值模型,该模型通过渣层煤粒捕集模型将熔融渣层对煤粒的捕集作用结合在模型中。将该模型应用于某550 MW机组旋风炉的空气动力学特性和烟气再循环(FGR)优化设计研究。研究表明,旋风筒产生的强旋流场使炉内流场分布极不均匀,导致了炉内局部高温和水平烟道入口的严重结渣问题。因此,FGR喷口应根据炉内的不均匀流场和温度分布进行针对性设计,以有效消除炉内的局部高温区域。模拟计算和现场实施结果表明,通过FGR优化设计,炉膛局部高温和严重结渣问题得到了有效缓解。

旋风炉  /  灰渣层  /  计算流体动力学  /  烟气再循环  /  结渣

As a kind of slag-tap boiler, cyclone-fired boilers exhibit significantly different aerodynamics comparing with pulverized coal (PC) boilers. However, by far there are still lack of CFD models that are able to provide effective guidance to the design and operation of cyclone-fired boilers. A CFD model of cyclone-fired boilers was developed in which the capture of coal particles by the molten slag layer was considered through a slag layer coal particle capture model. This model was then employed to investigate the aerodynamics and flue gas recirculation (FGR) optimization design of a 550 MW cyclone-fired boiler. The results demonstrate the highly nonuniform characteristics of furnace aerodynamics of cyclone-fired boilers due to the strong swirling flows created by the cyclones leads to the formation of localized high temperature zones and severe boiler fouling problems at the entrance of boiler convection pass. Thus, it is critical to adapt the FGR design with the nonuniform furnace flow and temperature distributions. The simulation results show that, with the optimized FGR design, the high temperature zones and the resulting severe fouling problems were effectively mitigated.

cyclone boiler  /  slag layer  /  CFD  /  flue gas recirculation  /  slagging
秦世泰, 杜俊硕, 李驰, 周永清. 旋风炉空气动力学和烟气再循环数值模拟. 热力发电, 2024 , 53 (1) : 53 -63 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108
Shitai QIN, Junshuo DU, Chi LI, Yongqing ZHOU. Numerical investigations on the aerodynamics and flue gas recirculation optimization of cyclone-fired coal boiler[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2024 , 53 (1) : 53 -63 . DOI: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108
旋风炉是最初由美国B&W公司设计开发的液态排渣炉,适用于燃烧灰熔点较低的煤种。这些低灰熔点煤如在煤粉炉中燃烧,将导致严重的受热面结渣沾污问题[1]。旋风炉虽已在美国燃煤电厂获得广泛应用,但在中国的应用很少。近年来为利用新疆巨大储量的高碱煤,中国科技部建议利用旋风炉来燃烧高碱煤,以避免其在煤粉锅炉中燃烧所导致的严重结渣沾污问题[2]
旋风炉由于旋风筒所产生的强旋流场,炉内的流动与烟温分布通常极不均匀,因此其烟气再循环(FGR)喷口布置需根据主炉膛内的流场分布进行针对性的设计,优化再循环烟气与炉内烟气流动的混合,才可最大程度抑制炉内局部高温区域的形成。为此,本文采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法研究旋风炉的空气动力学特性,并指导FGR喷口布置的优化设计。
在过去几十年中,CFD已被广泛应用于各种锅炉问题的研究,如NOx排放[3-6]、热偏差特性[7-9]、高温腐蚀[10-11]和传热分布[12-13]等。然而,这些皆为针对煤粉锅炉的CFD研究。与煤粉锅炉相比,旋风炉的熔融渣层对锅炉运行的影响至关重要,因此,必须将熔融渣层的影响结合在模型中。但目前为止,仍然缺乏能够为旋风炉的设计和运行提供指导的CFD模型。Tang等人[2]的研究可能是目前关于旋风炉CFD模型的唯一报道。他们开发了一个类似于煤气化炉[14-17]的灰渣流动模型,并研究了临界黏度对灰渣熔融过程的影响。然而,该研究中的旋风筒装置与燃煤电厂广泛使用的旋风筒差别很大,筒内的空气动力学特性和燃烧过程也存在显著差异。此外,此研究主要关注的是渣层的形成与流动过程,所开发的渣层模型由于过于复杂而无法适用于分析解决大型锅炉的实际运行问题。
为此,本文首先开发了一种面向工程应用的旋风炉CFD数值模型。由于旋风炉内的流动和燃烧分布是影响锅炉运行的关键因素[18],本模型侧重于旋风筒和主炉膛内的空气动力学特性研究。熔融渣层对炉内燃烧过程的影响主要通过其对煤粒的捕集作用和对壁面传热热阻的影响体现,在模型中分别通过用户自定义函数(UDF)和壁面热边界条件来实现。采用此模型对某550 MW机组旋风炉的空气动力学特性进行了深入研究,分析了此锅炉在对流烟道入口处局部高温区域的形成原因,并以此为基础指导了FGR喷口布置的优化设计。
本文所研究的旋风炉某电厂的一台550 MW机组旋风炉,其在位于锅炉对流烟道入口的末级过热器靠近两侧墙区域出现了严重的结渣问题,导致对流烟道堵塞,电厂不得不每半年就停炉进行维护。该旋风炉由1个主炉膛和水平安装于主炉膛前后墙的12个旋风筒组成(图1)。主炉膛宽、深、高分别为16.45、9.14、45.11 m。旋风筒在炉膛前后墙分上下2层安装。炉底至上层旋风筒中心线上方3.35 m处的下炉膛水冷壁敷设有耐火层,燃尽风(SOFA)喷口位于上层旋风筒上方5.64 m处,12个FGR喷口安装于炉膛水平出口平面(折焰角位置)下方2.80 m处。
旋风筒内径为2.54 m,内壁敷设有耐火层,保证旋风筒内维持非常高的燃烧温度,使灰渣一直处于熔融状态。在旋风筒前端安装有燃烧器,一次风(PA)沿切向进入燃烧器,煤粒在重力作用下落入燃烧器后被PA带入旋风筒。二次风(SA)沿切向直接高速进入旋风筒体,在旋风筒内形成强旋流场。进入旋风筒的PA和SA风量分别通过PA和SA风道内的风门挡板进行调节,其中SA风门挡板由3片构成,可分别调节进入旋风筒内不同区域的SA风量。
该旋风炉现燃烧煤种为美国PRB煤,低位发热量为18.84 MJ/kg。煤质分析数据和细度数据分别见表1表2。假设煤粒径遵循Rosin-Rammler分布,根据表2煤粒细度数据可计算得到煤粒的平均粒径为998 µm,均匀性指数为0.92。表3给出了锅炉在550 MW负荷的主要运行参数。所有数据均取自电厂分散控制系统(DCS),其中再循环烟气温度为锅炉省煤器出口烟气温度。
CFD模型以ANSYS Fluent为计算平台,详细模型方案见表4
采用Realizable k-ε模型模拟湍流流动,随机轨道法跟踪煤粒运动。在跟踪煤粒运动轨迹过程中,气相流场与煤粒之间的质量、动量和能量交换采用粒子源(PSIC)方法计算。炉内辐射换热采用离散坐标模型计算,烟气的发射率采用灰色气体加权和模型计算。煤粒挥发分热解析出速率采用单反应速率模型计算[19],反应速率常数以前处理方式采用FLASHCHAIN模型模拟煤粒的热解过程获得[20]。煤的挥发分假设为单一虚拟组分CaHbOcSdNe,假定炭粒中的固定碳为纯碳,挥发分的组成(abcde值)可分别由每种元素的质量守恒计算得出。挥发分燃烧采用两步总包反应模型[13],湍流反应速率由涡耗散模型计算。煤热解后形成的炭粒与O2的表面燃烧反应速率采用动力学/扩散控制模型计算[21],反应产物为CO,反应速率参数由PRB煤在携带流反应器中的测量值获得[22],并由锅炉飞灰可燃物含量数据进一步校准。上述模型在众多研究文献中有详细描述[9,13],这里不再赘述。经网格无关性验证,主炉膛和旋风筒模拟计算分别采用191万和63万结构网格。
与煤粉炉相比,旋风炉壁面的熔融渣层和耐火层显著增加了从烟气侧到蒸汽侧传热过程的热阻,因此,需将它们对传热的影响考虑在计算模型中。锅炉壁面的传热过程如图2所示。壁面从烟气侧吸收的热量将依次通过灰渣层、耐火层、管壁,最后被管内的蒸汽吸收,此传热过程可表述为:
q=kslagΔslag(TslagTrefr)=krefrΔrefr(TrefrTout)=ktubeΔtube(ToutTin)=hs(TinTs)
进一步简化为:
q=htot(TslagTs)
htot=(1hs+Δtubektube+Δrefrkrefr+Δslagkslag)1
式中:htot为总体传热系数,表征此传热过程总热阻的倒数;kslagΔslag分别为渣层的导热系数和厚度;krefrΔrefr分别为耐火层的导热系数和厚度;ktubeΔtube分别为管壁的导热系数和厚度;hs为管内蒸汽的对流传热系数;Tslag为渣层外表面温度;Trefr为耐火层表面温度;TinTout分别管壁的内、外表面温度;Ts为管内蒸汽温度。
根据Wang等人[13]详细讨论,式(3)中蒸汽对流和管壁传热的热阻远低于耐火层和渣层热阻。因此,传热系数htot可简化为:
htot=(Δrefrkrefr+Δslagkslag)1
由于旋风炉炉内燃烧温度很高,辐射是旋风筒和下炉膛的主要传热方式,壁面吸热量可表示为[9]
qqrad=εw(GσTslag4)
式中:qrad为壁面辐射热通量;εw为渣层表面发射率;G为壁面入射辐射热通量;σ为Stefan-Boltzmann常数(5.67×10–8 W/(m2∙K))。
将式(5)代入式(2)得:
εw(GσTslag4)=htot(TslagTs)
式(6)描述了锅炉壁面烟气侧和汽水侧吸热之间的平衡关系,可在Fluent软件中直接定义为旋风筒和锅炉壁面的热边界条件[13]。在式(6)中,入射辐射量G由Fluent软件内部通过求解辐射输运方程(RTE)得到,而htotTsεw为壁面边界条件的输入参数。其中,管内蒸汽温度Ts=327 ℃可由锅炉汽水测运行数据确定;htot值由耐火层和渣层的热阻共同决定(式(4))。根据电厂锅炉设计说明书,旋风炉耐火层材料导热系数krefr在1 100~1 500 ℃内约为1.2 W/(m·K),耐火层厚度Δrefr=2.5 cm。因此,krefr/Δrefr=48 W/(m2·K)。由于渣层厚度Δslag和导热系数kslag受大量因素(如锅炉负荷、渣层温度、成分与黏性等物理化学性质等)的综合影响[1,23-24],难以在实际锅炉系统中实现kslagΔslag的准确测量或数值预测[13,25]。然而研究发现,尽管kslagΔslag受煤质参数和锅炉运行状态影响在很大的范围内变化,但kslag/Δslag值的变化范围却相对较小[23-24]。这是由于壁面结渣过程中,随灰层厚度Δslag增加,灰层热阻和温度也随之增高,使灰层逐渐处于烧结与熔融状态,结构更为紧致,导热系数kslag也随之升高,kslagΔslag的同步调变化使kslag/Δslag变化范围大幅缩小,仅在150~600 W/(m2·K)变化[23-25]。将此取值范围与krefr/Δrefr=48 W/(m2·K)代入式(4),可计算得到htot的取值为36.4~44.4 W/(m2·K)。考虑到旋风筒和炉膛下壁面基本被灰渣层完全覆盖,因此在本研究中,这部分壁面的htot值取为这个范围的下限,即36.4 W/(m2·K)。对于未敷设耐火层的炉膛上部壁面,壁面为固态结渣,htot值仅由壁面渣层热阻决定。据现场观察,炉膛上壁面只有轻微的结渣,htot的值据此设置为520 W/(m2·K)。渣层表面的辐射发射率εw取决于渣层温度、化学成分、渣层结构以及渣层的熔融状态,通常在0.5~0.9变化[23-24]。一般来说,较低温度下的固态渣层,由于辐射会在渣层的多孔结构间发生散射和反射,难以穿透渣层,具有较低的发射率。而随着渣层的熔融,发射率εw会在高温下快速增大[23-24]。由于灰沉积和渣层的转化涉及极为复杂的物理和化学过程,εw也同样难以在实际锅炉实现准确预测。因此,在本研究中,被液态渣层覆盖的旋风筒和下炉膛壁面辐射发射率εw设定为0.85[2],而被固态渣层覆盖的上炉膛壁面的辐射发射率εw设定为0.6[13]。在根据以上论述给定壁面边界条件参数htotTsεw的值后,式(6)中唯一未知量为渣层表面温度Tslag,可由式(6)计算得出[13]
旋风炉与煤粉锅炉的主要区别之一是旋风筒内壁的熔融灰渣层。煤粒在进入旋风筒后,在炉内强旋流产生的离心力作用下,被迅速甩到旋风筒内壁,被熔融渣层捕集并在渣层内完成燃烧。因此,与煤粉锅炉CFD模型相比,旋风炉CFD模型还需考虑渣层对煤粒的捕集作用以及随后的燃烧放热过程。煤粒被灰渣层捕集的概率基本由煤颗粒和灰渣层的黏度决定[2,15-17]。为评估煤粒撞击壁面时的粘附概率,以250泊(Poise)作为“临界黏度”值。250泊通常被用于判断熔融渣层水平流动的黏度上限[1-2],黏度高于250泊的熔渣无法保持稳定流动。在给定煤灰质成分条件下,渣层的黏度主要取决于渣层温度。因此,煤颗粒撞击渣层时的粘附概率可根据渣层温度进行评估。在本研究中,如果煤粒温度或煤粒撞击位置的渣层温度高于T250(此处T250表示黏度为250泊时渣层的温度),则认为煤粒的粘附概率为1;否则,认为粘附现象不会发生。对于本研究中使用的PRB煤,根据煤的灰成分和黏性检测数据,T250值为1 193 ℃。
煤粒被渣层捕集到后,将在高温熔融的灰渣层中持续燃烧。灰渣层的流速通常低于1 cm/s[2,15-17],比旋风筒内的气流速度速低约4个数量级。由于旋风筒中的燃烧温度非常高,并且高速SA的强烈旋流为煤粒的持续燃烧提供了O2,因此可假设煤粒在被渣层捕集位置附近完成燃尽。煤粒的燃烧反应放热、O2消耗和燃烧产物可通过用户自定义函数(UDF)添加到煤粒所在计算网格的气相守恒方程源项中。这种方法规避了对熔融渣层形成和流动过程的模拟,极大地降低了模型的复杂性,同时仍能将渣层对旋风炉燃烧过程的关键影响体现在计算模型中,因此,本模型适用于对旋风炉运行过程中所涉及的各种复杂工程实际问题的研究。
旋风炉运行过程中,煤粒与PA和SA首先进入旋风筒内进行燃烧,燃烧生成的烟气再进入主炉膛完成燃烧换热过程。旋风筒独特的结构使烟气由旋风筒进入主炉膛时呈强烈的高速旋流,因此,主炉膛内的流场分布基本由旋风筒所产生的强旋流动决定。本文研究锅炉共有12个旋风筒,由于旋风筒和主炉膛尺寸差异较大,如在同一模型框架内同时模拟所有旋风筒和主炉膛内的流动,将导致巨大的网格数量和计算量。因此,数值模拟研究将分为2个步骤:1)对单个旋风筒的流动和燃烧过程进行模拟,获得旋风筒内的详细烟气速度与温度分布;2)以旋风筒出口的速度与温度分布作为主炉膛旋风筒入口的边界条件,模拟主炉膛内的流动分布。这种两步模拟方法可简洁地将旋风筒产生的强旋流动对主炉膛流场分布的影响结合在主炉膛的模拟计算中,且大大降低了计算成本。
图3为旋风筒内PA流线和由不同SA入口位置进入旋风筒的SA流线分布。
图3可以看出:PA和SA以相同旋流方向进入旋风筒,PA主要分布在旋风筒中心区域,并呈螺旋状流出旋风筒;SA以高速(约150 m/s)沿切向进入筒体,在筒内形成强旋流场。从不同入口位置进入的SA分布在旋风筒内的不同区域:由SA道入口前部(SA1)进入的SA主要分布于旋风筒的中心区域,并呈螺旋状流出旋风筒;由SA道入口中部(SA2)和后部(SA3)进入的SA则主要充满于旋风筒的前部和后部区域,且在筒内有更长的滞留时间。旋风筒的结构和PA、SA的切向进入方式使旋风筒内形成了独特的旋流流场分布。旋风筒的纵截面和横截面速度分布如图4所示。
图5为旋风筒的纵截面和横截面温度分布。由图5可以看出,从燃烧器到旋风筒出口,随着煤粒的持续燃烧放热,烟气在旋风筒内温度迅速升高,在旋风筒出口区域达到约2 000 ℃,明显高于普通煤粉锅炉的燃烧温度。这是由于旋风炉的绝大部分燃烧放热都发生在狭小的旋风筒内,显著高于煤粉炉的容积热强度;并且旋风筒的耐火层抑制了壁面的吸热:这2方面因素的综合作用使得旋风筒内具有非常高的燃烧温度,这也是旋风炉的主要运行特性之一[1]
在获得旋风筒内速度和温度分布后,其在旋风筒出口处的速度和温度分布(图4图5)可输出为文本文件,由炉膛模型读入后,可直接定义为炉膛模型旋风筒入口的速度和温度边界条件。
FGR是旋风炉用来控制炉膛出口烟温的主要方法。图6为锅炉FGR喷口布置示意和前墙FGR喷口的炉内现场照片。FGR喷口位于炉膛出口平面(图1中折焰角水平线)以下2.80 m处。最初设计有12个喷口,锅炉前后墙各布置6个,喷口间距2.35 m。目前,前墙的2个喷口(F3、F5)和后墙的1个喷口(R3)已被封堵,其余喷口正常使用(图6)。再循环烟气取自省煤器出口,通过FGR烟道进入炉膛。FGR烟道结构决定了每个FGR喷口的再循环烟气流量和速度分布,因此需先对FGR烟道内的流场进行模拟。
图7给出了FGR烟道横截面和喷口处的速度矢量分布。
图7可以看出,再循环烟气通过FGR烟道两侧的入口进入烟道后,最终通过9个位于前后墙的FGR喷口进入炉膛。在FGR喷口处,烟气流动呈现复杂的“散射”分布,同时各FGR喷口间的烟气流量分配亦不相同。FGR喷口的烟气流动分布将强烈影响再循环烟气与主炉膛烟气的混合过程和炉内的烟温分布。因此,有必要将其对主炉膛流动的影响体现在数值模型中。与旋风筒模型的处理方法类似,FGR烟道烟气流动模拟结果在FGR出口平面的烟气流速分布输出为文本文件,由炉膛模型读入后,可直接定义为炉膛模型FGR入口的速度边界条件。
由旋风筒模型和FGR烟道模型分别得到了主炉膛旋风筒入口和FGR入口处的流速分布,以此为基础,可详细研究再循环烟气和炉膛主烟气流之间的混合过程,进而分析锅炉对流烟道入口局部高温区域的产生原因。由于炉膛出口平面(图1中折焰角水平线)紧邻炉膛对流烟道入口,因此首先利用炉膛出口烟温的运行数据来验证数值模型。
图8显示了由电厂DCS获得的不同锅炉负荷下的炉膛出口烟温运行数据,以及550、500、450 MW 3个典型锅炉负荷下的炉膛出口烟温预测结果。由图8可以看出,数值模型的预测结果基本处于锅炉运行数据范围内,验证了模型的准确性,为后续的数值分析提供了合理的依据。此外,从图8还可以看出,炉膛出口烟温随着锅炉负荷的增加而升高,表明结渣主要发生在炉膛出口烟温较高的高负荷工况。因此,以下对炉内流场特性的研究仅针对550 MW负荷工况。
图9为主炉膛内从前墙旋风筒入口开始的烟气流线分布以及分别在燃尽风喷口上部和FGR喷口下部2个高度炉膛横截面的烟气流速分布。由图9a)的炉内流线分布可看出,从旋风筒流出的烟气流呈现出强烈的旋流特性,锅炉上下2层旋风筒呈相反的旋流方向,使进入炉膛的高温强旋烟气更多地集中在靠近锅炉两侧墙的区域。因此,由图9b)可看出,此流动特性将使炉内的流场分布极不均匀,锅炉两侧墙附近区域的烟气流速显著高于炉膛中心区域。
图10为炉膛纵截面和不同位置横截面的烟温分布。从图10a)可以看出:由于下炉膛壁面耐火层抑制了壁面的吸热,下炉膛温度很高;而在耐火层以上区域,由于水冷壁的吸热和燃尽风的喷入,烟气温度逐渐降低。但图10b)显示出,炉内烟温在FGR喷口上游仍呈两侧高中间低的分布趋势。由图10c)图10d)可以看出,尽管再循环烟气显著降低了炉内的烟温,但并未有效消除炉内烟温分布的不均匀性,特别是在水平对流烟道(末级过热器)入口的两侧区域仍存在明显的高温区域,局部烟温超过1 300 ℃,这是该锅炉在此区域发生严重结渣现象的原因。
由于FGR喷口离炉膛出口很近,难以在烟气进入对流烟道前实现FGR气流和炉内主烟气流间的充分混合。图11为来自前墙和后墙FGR喷口的再循环烟气流线。
图11可以看出,大部分再循环烟气由锅炉水平烟道入口的中心区域通过。由于来自下炉膛的主烟气流在炉膛两侧的烟温明显高于中心区域,而大部分再循环烟气由烟道中心区域通过,这实际上加剧了炉内烟温的不均匀分布。因此,为消除炉内烟气流动的局部高温区域,应优化FGR喷口的布置,使更多的再循环烟气引向锅炉的两侧墙附近区域。
以上基准工况的模拟结果确定了锅炉对流烟道入口局部高温区域的形成原因。基于基准工况结果,对新的FGR喷口布置方案进行了模拟评估,优化再循环烟气在炉内的分布,以消除对流烟道入口的局部高温区。对于所有改进工况,再循环烟气总流量不变,通过对每种工况下锅炉对流烟道入口平面的平均温度和最高温度进行比较,以确定最佳的优化设计方案。
图12为2组FGR喷口改造方案示意。第1组工况(工况1、工况2)利用前后墙现有喷口,在侧墙增加新的FGR喷口(蓝色标记),新喷口尺寸与原喷口相同(图12a));第2组工况(工况3、工况4)将相邻喷口的间距从2.35 m增加到3.01 m,喷口尺寸与原喷口相同(图12d))。通过这种FGR喷口布置方式,外侧喷口(F1、F5、R1、R6)与炉膛侧墙的间距从2.35 m降低至0.69 m,因此可能将更多再循环烟气引至炉膛侧墙附近。工况3中,所有12个FGR喷口皆为打开状态;而工况4中,中间位置喷口(F3、R4)被封堵,以进一步增强再循环烟气向炉膛两侧区域的分布趋势。
需注意的是,不同FGR喷口布置方式皆会导致再循环烟气流量在FGR喷口之间的重新分配。因此,每个改进工况的计算都需首先对FGR烟道的流动进行模拟,以确定每个FGR喷口的流量分配与流动分布,并将其作为炉膛FGR入口的边界条件。图13显示了所有改进工况下锅炉对流烟道入口的烟温分布。表5给出了基准工况和所有改进工况对流烟道入口最高烟温和平均烟温的预测结果。
图13可看出,在工况1、工况2下,靠近炉膛两侧墙的局部高温区域仍然存在。与基准工况相比,工况1最高烟温升高34.3 ℃,而工况2的最高烟温仅降低4.1 ℃。这表明在侧墙增加新FGR喷口的方法无法有效降低对流烟道入口的局部高温。
图14显示了工况2下侧墙新增喷口的再循环烟气流线。由图14可以看出,尽管喷口位于侧墙,但大部分再循环烟气并未通过靠近侧墙的高温区域,而是由于其较高的初始流速,深入到炉膛中心区域,这是侧墙新增FGR喷口难以有效消除侧墙区域局部高温的原因。
相比工况1、工况2,第2组工况(工况3、工况4)显著降低了对流烟道入口的局部高温。由表5可知,工况3最高烟温比基准工况降低了45.0 ℃,工况4则降低了76.4 ℃。由图13可看出,在工况3、工况4下,炉膛侧墙附近区域的局部高温得到了极大的缓解。
图15给出了工况4从前墙外侧FGR喷口(F1、F6)进入炉膛的再循环烟气流线。由图15可以看出,通过减小外侧FGR喷口(F1、F6、R1、R6)与炉膛侧墙的间距,更多的再循环烟气可被引至锅炉对流烟道的靠近侧墙区域,从而有效消除那里的局部高温。在工况4中,中间位置的FGR喷口(F3、R4)被封堵,由此增加了靠近炉膛两侧的再循环烟气流量,相比工况3,可更大程度地降低对流烟道入口两侧区域的局部高温。
通过数值模拟研究所获得FGR喷口优化布置方案(工况4)已在此550 MW机组旋风炉实施,该锅炉对流烟道入口末级过热器的严重结渣问题已得到了极大改善。
本文所开发的旋风炉CFD模型能够应用于此类大型锅炉的实际问题的关键在于:通过一个相对简单的渣层煤粒捕集模型,将旋风筒内熔融渣层对炉内燃烧过程的重要影响纳入到整个模型框架中。尽管目前已经有一些针对煤气化炉渣层特性研究的渣层模型[14-17],但这些模型的一个共同特点是过于复杂,难以用于解决大型锅炉的实际工程问题。与煤气化炉的渣层模型相比,本文的渣层煤粒捕集模型侧重于其对煤粒的捕集作用,而不是描述详细的渣层形成和流动过程。这是因为旋风炉运行的核心是保持渣层的熔融状态,使其不堵塞旋风筒和炉膛的排渣口,而渣层的流动状态主要取决于旋风筒内的燃烧温度分布。为保证渣层处于良好的熔融状态,旋风筒内的燃烧温度必须显著高于灰渣的熔融温度[18]。基于此,若CFD模型开发的目标是为旋风炉的设计和运行提供有效指导,模型的重点应更多地放在旋风筒内的流动、燃烧和温度分布上,而不是渣层的流动过程。因此,模型应从渣层对燃烧过程的影响角度来考虑如何将渣层的影响纳入整体的CFD模型框架。正如文中所详细讨论,渣层对旋风炉燃烧的影响主要体现在2个方面:一是其对煤粒的捕集作用,二是壁面渣层增加了壁面传热过程的热阻。CFD模型通过UDF实现了熔融渣层对煤粒捕集作用的模拟;同时利用了渣层的一个重要特性,即kslag/Δslag仅在小范围内变化,通过壁面传热边界条件体现了渣层对壁面传热过程的影响。由此,渣层煤粒捕集模型得到了极大的简化,同时仍可体现渣层对炉内燃烧过程的关键影响,使CFD模型可用于分析和解决旋风炉的实际运行问题。
1)本文提出了一种液态排渣旋风炉CFD模型。可简单有效地将熔融渣层对旋风炉运行的关键影响结合到CFD模型中,使其适用于分析解决大型锅炉的工程实际问题。
2)将该CFD模型应用于某550 MW机组旋风炉的空气动力学特性和FGR喷口优化设计研究。根据模拟结果对FGR喷口布置方案进行了针对性的优化,可大幅度消除炉内局部高温区域,水平烟道入口最高烟温可降低76.4 ℃。
3)本文提出的FGR喷口优化设计方案已经在此550 MW机组旋风炉中得到实施,该锅炉的严重结渣问题已经得到显著缓解。
参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
[1]
The Babcock & Wilcox Company. Steam/its generation and use[M]. 41th ed. U.S.A.: Barberton, Ohio, 2005: 1.
[2]
TANG C L, DENG L, WU S, et al. Numerical simulation on the slag flow and heat transfer characteristics of the cyclone barrel for a cyclone-fired boiler[J]. Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2017, 71(10): 1052-1065.
[3]
SANKAR G, DHANNINA C S, SANTHOSH K D, et al. Numerical simulation of the heat transfer and NOx emissions in a 660 MW tangentially fired pulverised-coal supercritical boiler[J]. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2020, 56(9): 2693-2709.
[4]
王志宁, 蔡晋, 张扬, 等. 烟气再循环对燃烧过程NO生成的作用机理研究[J]. 热力发电, 2021, 50(3): 27-33.
WANG Zhining, CAI Jin, ZHANG Yang, et al. Mechanism study on effect of flue gas recirculation on NO formation during combustion process[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2021, 50(3): 27-33.
[5]
DIEZ L I, CORTES C, PALLARES J. Numerical investigation of NOx emissions from a tangentially-fired utility boiler under conventional and overfire air operation[J]. Fuel, 2008, 87(7): 1259-1269.
[6]
ZHOU H, MO G Y, SI D B, et al. Numerical simulation of the NOx emissions in a 1 000 MW tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler: influence of the multi-group arrangement of the separated over fire air[J]. Energy & Fuel, 2011, 25(5): 2004-2012.
[7]
TAN P, FANG Q Y, ZHAO S N, et al. Causes and mitigation of gas temperature deviation in tangentially fired tower-type boilers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2018, 139: 135-143.
[8]
LIU Y C, FAN W D, LI Y, et al. Numerical investigation of air-staged combustion emphasizing char gasification and gas temperature deviation in a large-scale, tangentially fired pulverized-coal boiler[J]. Applied Energy, 2016, 177: 323-334.
[9]
YIN C G, ROSENDAHL L, CONDRA TJ. Further study of the gas temperature deviation in large-scale tangentially coal-fired boilers[J]. Fuel, 2003, 82(9): 1127-1137.
[10]
李汝萍, 童家麟, 吕洪坤, 等. 亚临界锅炉超低NOx排放改造后高温腐蚀分析[J]. 热力发电, 2019, 48(5): 102-108.
LI Ruping, TONG Jialin, LYU Hongkun, et al. High temperature corrosion analysis for a subcritical boiler after ultra low NOx emission transformation[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2019, 48(5): 102-108.
[11]
杨希刚, 金保昇. 对冲旋流燃烧锅炉组合式贴壁风运行参数优化的数值模拟[J]. 动力工程学报, 2019, 39(7): 517-523.
YANG Xigang, JIN Baosheng. Numerical simulation and optimization on the operation parameters of a combined closing-to-wall air system in a supercritical opposed firing boiler[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2019, 39(7): 517-523.
[12]
XIE Y, LIU X, WANG H Y. Coupled heat transfer model for the combustion and steam characteristics of coal-fired boilers[J]. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 2021, 15(1): 490-502.
[13]
WANG H Y, ZHANG C Q, LIU X. Heat transfer calculation methods in three-dimensional CFD model for pulverized coal-fired boilers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2020, 166: 114633.
[14]
BI D P, GUAN Q L, XUAN W W, et al. Combined slag flow model for entrained flow gasification[J]. Fuel, 2015, 150: 565-572.
[15]
SEGGIAN M. Modelling and simulation of time varying slag flow in a Prenflo entrained-flow gasifier[J]. Fuel, 1998, 77(14): 1611-1621.
[16]
WANG X H, ZHAO D Q, HE L B, et al. Modeling of a coal-fired slagging combustor: development of a slag submodel[J]. Combust Flame, 2007, 149(3): 249-260.
[17]
YONG S Z, GAZZIN M, GHONIEM A. Modeling the slag layer in solid fuel gasification and combustion-formulation and sensitivity analysis[J]. Fuel, 2012, 92(1): 162-170.
[18]
HOOVER B D, WILGONG R O, WANG H Y. Boiler upgrades for conversion to PRB coal[C]. Baltimore: 14th Electric Power Conference & Exhibition, 2012: 1.
[19]
BADZIOCH S, HAWKSLEY P G W. Kinetics of thermal decomposition of pulverized coal particles[J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development, 1970, 9(4): 521-530.
[20]
NIKSA S, KERSTEIN A R. Flashchain theory for rapid coal devolatilization kinetics[J]. Energy & Fuels, 1991, 5(5): 647-665.
[21]
BAUM M M, STREET P J. Predicting the combustion behaviour of coal particles[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 1971, 3: 231-242.
[22]
MITCHEL R E, HURT R H, BAXTRE L L, et al. Harde Compilation of Sandia coal char combustion data and kinetic analyses. milestone report[J]. Biological Science, 1992, 6: 92-8208.
[23]
WALL T F, BHATTACHARYA S P, GUPTA R P, et al. The properties and thermal effects of ash deposits in coal-fired furnaces[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 1993, 19: 487-504.
[24]
ZBOGAR A, FRANDSEN F J, JENSEN P A, et al. Heat transfer in ash deposits: a modelling tool-box[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2005, 31(5-6): 371-421.
[25]
WANG H Y, JIN D H, LIU X, et al. Analytical and numerical investigations on the high temperature upgrading solution of subcritical boilers[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2022, 200: 117628.
2024年第53卷第1期
PDF下载
159
76
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108
  • 接收时间:2023-07-01
  • 首发时间:2025-12-25
  • 出版时间:2024-01-25
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-01
基金
作者信息
    1.国家能源蓬莱发电有限公司,山东 烟台 265600
    2.烟台龙源电力技术股份有限公司,山东 烟台 264006
    3.天津大学机械工程学院,天津 300350

通讯作者:

周永清(1995),女,博士研究生,主要研究方向为智能清洁燃烧技术,
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/rlfd/CN/10.19666/j.rlfd.202307108
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏